Academic literature on the topic 'Anchois commun'
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Journal articles on the topic "Anchois commun"
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Morgado-Dueñas, Guadalupe, and Manuel Castillo-Rivera. "Diversity, Seasonal and Diel Distribution Patterns of Anchovies (Osteichthyes) in a Protected Tropical Lagoon in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico." Diversity 14, no. 10 (October 9, 2022): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100852.
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Anchovies are species of ecological and economic importance that inhabit coastal waters, where they are very abundant. The objective of the study was, through high-frequency temporal sampling, to analyze the diversity, seasonal and diel distribution patterns of anchovies and their relationships with environmental variables. For 19 months, 24-h monthly cycles were carried out, taking samples every two hours. Permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used for data analysis. Seven species were captured, of which, Anchoa mitchilli, Anchoa hepsetus, Anchoa lyolepis, Anchoa lamprotaenia and Cetengraulis edentulus are common in brackish waters; however, Anchoviella perfasciata and Engraulis eurystole rarely occur in these systems. For these species, no major threats are known; therefore, they are listed as ‘Least Concern’. A seasonal succession shows pulses during the closed-mouth phase and during the late warm-rainy season. At diel level, A. mitchilli, C. edentulus and A. lamprotaenia showed a markedly nocturnal pattern. RDA correlations showed that salinity, day/night effect, inlet state and rainfall were the most important factors related to anchovy distribution. Segregation along a salinity gradient was observed, in which A. mitchilli was captured mainly at low salinities, while other species occurred mainly at intermediate to high salinities. High-frequency sampling allowed a better understanding of the species richness and abundance patterns of anchovies in the system.
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Zhang, Zhong Miao, Nian Wu Liu, Kai Fang, and Qian Qing Zhang. "Study on the Displacement Characteristic of Uplift Anchor under Cyclic Loading." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2965.
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This paper presents the results of the cyclic loading tests for 30 uplift anchors. The relationship between the loads and displacements for each anchor under cyclic loading is studied and the results show that the behavior of the anchor is largely influenced by its length. It is common for the Q-S curves of different anchors to vary quite widely. The displacements under different load levels decrease with increasing anchor length but the decreasing rate has a number of variations. It is also found that the final displacements of the anchors are dominated by plastic displacements which positively correlated with the peak loads. In addition, the effective length of the anchor is related to the load acted on it.
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Chevalier, Franck, Javier Lopez-Prados, Serge Perez, Manuel Martín-Lomas, and Pedro M. Nieto. "Conformational Study of GPI Anchors: the Common Oligosaccharide GPI Anchor Backbone." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2005, no. 16 (August 2005): 3489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200500171.
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Knapik, Derrick M., Jensen G. Kolaczko, Robert J. Gillespie, Michael J. Salata, and James E. Voos. "Complications and Return to Activity After Arthroscopic Repair of Isolated Type II SLAP Lesions: A Systematic Review Comparing Knotted Versus Knotless Suture Anchors." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 232596712091136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120911361.
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Background: Superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears are one of the most common injuries to the shoulder, with the type II variant representing the most frequently encountered subtype. Purpose: To systematically review the literature to better understand outcomes after arthroscopic repair of isolated type II SLAP lesions using knotted versus knotless anchors based on implant number, implant location, patient position, and portal position. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review investigating all studies in the literature between January 2000 and June 2019 reporting on patients undergoing arthroscopic repair for isolated type II SLAP lesions using knotted versus knotless suture anchors was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the PubMed, BIOSIS Previews, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and Embase databases. Results: A total of 234 patients undergoing isolated arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions using suture anchors were identified, with 76% (179/234) treated using knotted anchors versus 24% (55/234) treated using knotless anchors. Complications were reported in 12% of patients treated using knotted anchors versus no patients treated using knotless anchors ( P = .008). The incidence of complications for knotted anchor repair was not significantly affected by patient position ( P = .22) or portal position ( P = .19). Using multiple regression analysis, we found no significant association with the incidence of complications when analyzing for anchor design ( R 2 = 0.02; P = .06) or anchor position ( R 2 = 0.02; P = .92). No significant difference in return-to-activity timing was appreciated based on anchor type ( P = .28), patient position ( P = .98), or portal position ( P = .97) in patients treated using knotted anchors. Conclusion: Patients treated using knotted anchors were significantly more likely to experience a postoperative complication compared with patients treated using knotless anchors after arthroscopic repair of isolated type II SLAP lesions. Despite the increased incidence of a postoperative complication after knotted anchor fixation compared with knotless anchor fixation, multiple regression analysis showed that anchor design and anchor position were not significantly predictive of the incidence of complications. Given the increasing popularity of knotless anchor fixation, further study on the long-term outcomes after knotless repair for isolated type II SLAP lesions is warranted.
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Chen, Hong, Yujie Wang, and Yunqiao Ding. "Do Career Demands and Career Choices Always Coincide? A Matching Perspective Based on Career Anchors and Job Characteristics." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 11273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011273.
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Career choice is an important behavior for people wanting to develop their social life and is a key link to doing so. The matching of career choice with an individual’s real work demands will have a significant impact on the development of individuals, organizations, and society. However, at this stage, there are few studies on this matching situation. From the perspective of the matching of career anchors and job characteristics, this study explored the distribution and different characteristics of employees’ career demands and their career choices through a survey of 407 employees, and further discussed the matching status of these. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Individual career demands (career anchors) presented three attributes: single, multiple, and unclear. Among the single career anchor types, life anchors had the largest proportion, while among multiple career anchor individuals, individuals with both challenge anchors and service anchors accounted for the majority. (2) Individual career demands (career anchors) were significantly different across most demographic variables and organizational/work variables. (3) Deviations between employees’ career demands and their career choices seemed to be a common phenomenon, with the highest degree of fit (62.79%) with the entrepreneurial creativity anchor and the lowest degree of fit (21.28%) with the lifestyle anchor. In addition, in an analysis of three job fit characteristics, the entrepreneurial creativity anchor had a significant preference for managerial characteristics, whereas the challenge anchor had a significant preference for technological characteristics. The degrees of fit of the other anchors were characterized by the frequency of ‘right suboptimal fit’ being larger than that of ‘left suboptimal fit’. In other words, a specific career anchor had a significant preference for job characteristics matched by the right career anchor, with the midpoint of the career anchor octagon model defining the angle of observation. This study provides a reference for human resource management departments and for employees’ recognition and planning of career anchors.
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Chen, Hong, Yujie Wang, and Yunqiao Ding. "Do Career Demands and Career Choices Always Coincide? A Matching Perspective Based on Career Anchors and Job Characteristics." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 11273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011273.
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Career choice is an important behavior for people wanting to develop their social life and is a key link to doing so. The matching of career choice with an individual’s real work demands will have a significant impact on the development of individuals, organizations, and society. However, at this stage, there are few studies on this matching situation. From the perspective of the matching of career anchors and job characteristics, this study explored the distribution and different characteristics of employees’ career demands and their career choices through a survey of 407 employees, and further discussed the matching status of these. The results of the study are as follows: (1) Individual career demands (career anchors) presented three attributes: single, multiple, and unclear. Among the single career anchor types, life anchors had the largest proportion, while among multiple career anchor individuals, individuals with both challenge anchors and service anchors accounted for the majority. (2) Individual career demands (career anchors) were significantly different across most demographic variables and organizational/work variables. (3) Deviations between employees’ career demands and their career choices seemed to be a common phenomenon, with the highest degree of fit (62.79%) with the entrepreneurial creativity anchor and the lowest degree of fit (21.28%) with the lifestyle anchor. In addition, in an analysis of three job fit characteristics, the entrepreneurial creativity anchor had a significant preference for managerial characteristics, whereas the challenge anchor had a significant preference for technological characteristics. The degrees of fit of the other anchors were characterized by the frequency of ‘right suboptimal fit’ being larger than that of ‘left suboptimal fit’. In other words, a specific career anchor had a significant preference for job characteristics matched by the right career anchor, with the midpoint of the career anchor octagon model defining the angle of observation. This study provides a reference for human resource management departments and for employees’ recognition and planning of career anchors.
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Stewart, Christopher M. B., Haseem Raja, Emma Torrance, and Lennard Funk. "In Vivo Randomized Controlled Study of the Bone Response of All-Suture Anchors and Biocomposite Anchors." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 232596712091496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120914965.
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Background: Suture anchors are widely used for labral reconstruction surgery. However, there has been some concern over the development of osteolysis around the anchor. This has been reported for both biocomposite and all-suture anchors, but they have not been compared directly in vivo. Purpose: To compare the bone response to 2 common suture anchors: a traditional biocomposite push-fit anchor and an all-suture anchor. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Included in this study were 17 patients with a total of 37 unique suture anchors. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed at 3 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. A total of 38 senior radiologists and shoulder surgeons evaluated the images using a previously validated system for grading the bone response around suture anchors. The mean difference in grading at 3 weeks and 6 months was calculated using unpaired t tests, and the interrater reliability was evaluated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: At 3 weeks, there was no statistically significant difference in the degree of osteolysis surrounding each suture anchor type ( P = .258), with little bone response. However, on the 6-month scans, there was a significantly lower level of osteolysis seen in the all-suture anchors compared with the biocomposite anchors ( P = .040). Interrater reliability was excellent, with an ICC value of 0.975 (95% CI, 0.962-0.985). Conclusion: All-suture anchors cause significantly less osteolysis in glenoid bone at 6 months compared with biocomposite anchors.
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Moffat, Ricardo, Pedro Reszka, and Mauricio Toledo. "Use of retaining wall anchors as geothermal heat exchangers." Obras y Proyectos, no. 32 (December 2022): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/0718-51620202203201.
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A novel application of retaining wall anchors as heat exchangers is proposed as an alternative or complement to pile geothermal exchangers. A fullscale in-situ study using anchors and piles was performed. Thermal response tests (TRT) were carried out in both types of systems. The installation process of the heat exchanger anchor is shown and results of the in-situ tests are compared in terms of their thermal parameters and performance. We demonstrate that the installation of required pipes is possible in the anchors with no mechanical interference during its installation and after anchor tensioning. The results show that the use of heat exchanger anchors is a valid alternative, with thermal performance similar to more common energy piles.
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Pohle, Gerhard. "Structure, function, and development of setae on gill-grooming appendages and associated mouthparts of pinnotherid crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1690–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-243.
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Gills of pinnotherid crabs are groomed by setose epipodite extensions of maxilliped mouthparts. Unlike other Brachyura, some pinnotherid genera lack epipodites on maxilliped 2. Plumodenticulate setae similar to those found in other Crustacea represent the majority of grooming setae found on maxillipeds, maxillae, and maxillules in pinnotherids. Structurally more complex setae with anchor-shaped outgrowths were found in 7 of 19 investigated genera. Plumodenticulate setae with anchors are located on maxillules, maxillae, and maxilliped 1 epipodites of Opisthopus and Dissodactylus, whereas Pinnaxodes and Pinnotherelia carry them also on maxilliped 2 and 3 epipodites. In Anomalifrons and Xenophthalmus, some plumodenticulate setae on maxilliped 3 epipodites are armed with facing unequal recurved hooks, resembling ship chocks, in addition to anchors. Only one pair of chocks occurs per seta. Plumodenticulate grooming setae with long double prongs were found exclusively on four different mouthparts in Mortensenella. Larvae and early postlarval instars of Dissodactylus have a particular type of plumodenticulate grooming seta. These setae cover most of maxilliped 1 epipodite and the distal part of maxilliped 3 epipodite and are clustered on the anteroventral surface of maxillules and medially on maxillae. Some of these plumodenticulate setae develop anchorlike outgrowths between setules and denticules in larger crabs. Anchors appear about 2 months after hatching as a single pair per seta, with more pairs being added proximally to the first pair during consecutive stages. On maxillules, anchor setae become twice as numerous as plumodenticulate setae. On maxilliped 1 epipodites, proportions remain about constant. All anchor setae grow at about the same rate as the appendage on which they originate. Anchor setae on maxilliped 1 epipodites of the largest adult crabs may be over 2 mm long and with up to nine pairs of anchors, whereas those on maxillules are less than 1 mm long, bearing no more than six pairs of anchors. On maxillules, setae with two pairs of anchors remain the most common. On maxilliped 1 epipodites, the most common anchor seta for almost every third instar carries an additional pair of anchors, starting with one pair in instar 6 to seven pairs in instar 27. Anchor setae are also found proximally on the protopodite of maxillae in the smallest juvenile crabs but do not develop anchors until close to maturity. On average, each maxilla carries one anchor seta equipped with a single pair of anchors. Anchor setae were not found on any other appendages or cuticular surfaces. Grooming setae seem to lack chemosensory characteristics. Plumose and denticular outgrowths are interpreted as brushing and combing devices. Anchors, chocks, and double prongs seem particularly suited for dislodging of larger objects or organisms, introduced as larvae by the respiratory current, and also might aid in stripping other plumodenticulate setae of accumulated debris.
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Liao, Hung-Jiun. "Ground anchors corrosion - the beginning of the end." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819503001.
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Ground anchor corrosion is a common problem for anchored slopes in Taiwan. It is partly due to the humid climate condition and abundant groundwater in the slope and partly due to poor corrosion protection of anchor design and construction. In 2010, an anchored slope at Taiwan National Freeway No. 3 failed suddenly after 13 years of service. It buried 3 cars and killed 4 people. It caught the public’s attention and initiated the island-wide program on over hauling the anchors slopes in Taiwan. Since this event, the Ministry of Transportation and Communication (MOTC) of Taiwan government had launched an extensive inspection and maintenance program for the existing anchored slopes along the freeways, highways, and railways. Totally, more than 100,000 ground anchors had been inspected. This paper will evaluate the findings from this inspection program. It includes (1) the status quo of the anchors regarding the corrosion condition and the residual load that remained on the existing anchors; (2) remedial measures taken to sustain the serviceability of existing corroding anchors; (3) measures taken to enhance the long-term durability of new anchors without changing the strand material and the practice of anchor construction commonly used by the local contractors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anchois commun"
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Bacha, Mahmoud. "Ichtyofaune de la région de debejaia [i. E. De Béjaïa] : étude de la biologie de l'anchois Engraulis Encrasicolus L. : "croissance, régime alimentaire et reproduction"." Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0259.
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L’étude de la biologie (écologie alimentaire, croissance et reproduction) de l’anchois Engraulis encrasicolus a été réalisé dans trois régions de la côte algérienne. Les variations spatiales, ontogénétiques et saisonnières de l’alimentation des anchois ont été étudiées au moyen d’analyses multivariées et en relation avec la température de surface de la mer et de la chlorophylle-a. La croissance des juvéniles d��anchois a été étudiée dans le golfe de Bejaia. L’anchois du golfe de Bejaia atteint 46% de sa longueur asymptotique (L∞) en trois mois, ce qui suggère que ce stock dépend essentiellement des premiers groupes d’âges et qu’il dépend fortement du succès du recrutement. Des différences significatives dans les taux de croissance des adultes d’anchois entre les trois régions étudiées ont été observées. L’étude de la morphométrie des otolithes (sagittae) a montré que ces dernières constituent de bons descripteurs de la croissance somatique, de bons prédicateurs de l’âge et un véritable outil de discrimination des stocks. L’étude de la reproduction de l’anchois du golfe de Bejaia a montré que la première maturité sexuelle est atteinte à de très petites tailles. Quant à la période de reproduction, elle s’étale de mars à novembre, avec deux pics : en mai et en août. Cette étude a montré également que l’intensité de l’activité de ponte et les pics de ponte sont tributaires de la taille des anchois. D’autre part, l’inventaire des poissons des eaux continentales algériennes permet d’établir une liste de 45 espèces dont 29 autochtones et 16 introduites, quant à la rivière de la Soummam, elle renferme près de 36% de ce patrimoine ichtyologiqueThe study of biology (feeding ecology, growth and reproduction) of anchovy Engraulis Encrasicolus was performed on samples from three regions of the Algerian coast. Spatial, ontogenetic ans seasonal variations of diet were studied using multivariate analysis and in relation to the temperature and chlorophyll-a. The growth of juvenile anchovy was studied in the Gulf of Bejaia. In the Gulf of Bejaia anchovy reached 46% of its asymptotic length (L∞) in three months, suggesting that this stock depends mainly for the first groups of ages and it depends on recruitment success. Significant differences in growth rates between the three regions studied were observed. The study of the morphometrics of otoliths (sagittae) shows that they are good descriptors of somatic growth , good predicators of age and a real tool for stocks discrimination. The study of the reproduction of anchovy in the Gulf of Bejaia showed that the first sexual maturity is reached at very small sizes. The reproduction period is from March to November, with two peaks : in May and August. This study showed that the intensity of spawning activity and the spawning peaks depends on the size of anchovies. A review based on available literature, has been undertaken on the freshwater fishes of Algeria, with the aim of establishing a list of native and introduced fish species followed by a preliminary study of the biodiversity of fish fauna of the Soummam River. The Soummam River contains about 36% of freshwater fish species of Algeria
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Pecquerie, Laure. "Modélisation bioénergétique de la croissance du développement et de la reproduction d'un petit pélagique : l'anchois du golfe de Gascogne." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARH072.
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Comprendre la variabilité du recrutement est une problématique majeure en halieutique. Dans ce travail, nous explorons une nouvelle approche pour étudier les facteurs qui déterminent le recrutement dans la modélisation biophysique. Le schéma de ponte des adultes peut influencer la survie des larves car il détermine les conditions environnementales qu'elles rencontrent pendant cette période critique. Notre cas d'étude est l'anchois du golfe de Gascogne Engraulis encrasicolus, qui est une espèce à pontes multiples. L'objectif de la thèse est de comprendre l'effet de l'environnement vécu par un individu i) sur l'énergie disponible pour la reproduction et ii) sur l'étalement des pontes et ses conséquences sur la croissance, le développement et la survie des larves. Pour appréhender les processus métaboliques en jeu, la théorie Dynamic Energy Budget est un outil particulièrement adapté. Cette théorie permet d'identifier les processus communs et les spécificités de chaque stade. Nous apportons tout d'abord une révision de la courbe de croissance de l'anchois du golfe de Gascogne. Nous reproduisons la croissance des juvéniles en tenant compte du fait qu'ils expérimentent en moyenne une température plus élevée durant cette phase que celle vécue ensuite par les adultes. La croissance larvaire diffère de la croissance des juvéniles et des adultes. Nous proposons de considérer la relation entre prise de nourriture et longueur de l'individu pour expliquer cette croissanceUnderstanding the recruitment variability of fish populations is a major challenge in fishery sciences. In the present work, we explore a new approach to study the potential factors that determine this recruitment in the context of biophysical modelling. The adult spawning pattern might influence the survival of the larvae as it determine the environmental conditions they experience during this critical period. We apply our study to the Bay of Biscay anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, which is a multile-batch spawner. The objective of the study is to understand the effect of the environmental conditions experienced by an individual i) on the energy available for reproduction and ii) on the temporal distribution of the spawning events and its consequences on larval growth, development and survival. To study these processes, the Dynamic Energy Budget (BEB) Theory is particulary suitable. This theory allows us to identify the common processes and the specifities of each life stage. Fisrt, we actualise the growth curve of Bay of Biscay anchovy. Juvenile growth is reproduced by taking into account they experience in average a higher temperature during this stage than the adults therafter. Larval growth in fish typically deviates from later juvenile and adult growth. Larval growth in fish typically deviates from later juvenile and adult growth. We suggest to consider how food intake depends of body length to explain the observed growth patterns
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Khemiri, Sana. "Reproduction, âge croissance de trois espèces et téléostéens pélagiques des côtes tunisiennes : Engraulis Encrasicolus, Sardina pilchardus et boops boops." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NSAMH067.
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Malgré l'importance des stocks de peptis téléostéens pélagiques des côtes tunisiennes, les données concernant leurs paramètres biologiques sont rares et peu de mesures de réglementations ont été prises pour la gestion de ces stocks sur le long terme. Des expériences plus anciennes de pêcherie de ces petits pélagiques dans d'autres pays ont montré que cette ressource est fragile et particulièrement sensible à la surexploitation. C'est pourquoi la connaissance de leur biologie est indispensable pour prendre les décisions nécessaires à la gestion des pêcheries et à l'exploitation durable de ces ressources. Notre étude qui s'intègre dans un programme de recherche pluridisciplinaire mis en œuvre par le Laboratoire de Ressources Marines Vivantes de l'Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer de Salammbô, a porté sur trois espèces de petits pélagiques particulièrement abondantes le long des côtes tunisiennes : l'anchois Engraulis encrasicolus, la sardine Sardina pilchardus et la bogue Boops boops collectées à partir de quatre régions : les régions Nord, Est, Sud et le Golfe de Tunis durant la période 2000-2002. Les paramètres biologiques suivants ont été étudiées : la sex-ratio, la taille de première maturité sexuelle, la période de reproduction, la croissance journalière, la croissance en longueur ainsi que la relation taille-poids. Le sex-ratio global pour toute la côte tunisienne est voisin de 1,0 pour l'anchois et la sardine et de 1,1 en faveur des femelles pour la bogue. La taille de première maturité sexuelle est acquise au cours de la première année de vie pour l'anchois et la sardine et entre 14 et 16 mois pour la bogue. Les périodes de reproduction ont lieu du printemps à la fin de l'été (avril-octobre) pour l'anchois, de l'automne à la fin de l'hiver (octobre-mars) pour la sardine et de l'hiver à la fin du printemps (janvier-mai) pour la bogue. Dans cette étude l'estimation de l'âge et de la croissance journalière et annuelle a été réalisée par otolithométrieDespite the important stocks of small pelagic teleosts along the Tunisian coasts, only ponctual data concern their biology and few regulations control their long-term exploitation. In other countries previous studies on small pelagic fisheries have highlighted their vulnerability and their sensitivity to over exploitation. Data on the biological paramaters of exploited species are required for rational management of fisheries. The present study is a part of a multidisciplinary research program of th eLiving Marine Resource Laboratory of the National Institute of Sea Science and Technology of Salambo concerns three species of small pelagic teleosts that are particularly abundant along the Tunisian coast : the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, the sardine Sardina pilchardus and the bogue Boops boops collected in four areas : North, East, South and Gulf of Tunis during the 2000-2002 period. The following biological parameters were studied : sex-ratio, length at first maturity, spawning period, daily growth in length and length-weight relationships. The overall ratio of male and female along the Tunisian coasts was of 1. 0 for the anchovy and the sardine, and of 1. 1 for the bogue in favour of females. The first maturity occurred during the first year of life for the anchovy and the sardine, and between the 14th and 16th months for the bogue. The spawning periods took place from spring to late summer for the anchovy from autumn to late winter for the sardine and from winter to spring for the bogue. In this study the age and daily and annual growths were determined by ololithmetry
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Jemaa, Sharif. "Étude de la structure des populations et du régime alimentaire de l'anchois européen (Engraulis encrasicolus) et de la sardine européenne (Sardina pilchardus) : relations avec l'environnement." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0391/document.
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L'anchois européen et la sardine européenne sont sujets à de fortes pressions de pêche et les stocks sont soit pleinement exploités soit surexploités. Cette situation tient au partie au fait qu'un grand nombre de pêcheries d'anchois et de sardines sont gérées sur la base de zones géographiquement délimitées par le CIEM, le CGPM ou d'autres organisations régionales sans qu'il y ait nécessairement de véritable cohérence entre ces limites administratives et les processus biologiques. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif principal de la thèse a été d'explorer à partir de l'analyse de la forme de l'otolithe la structuration des populations de sardines et d'anchois à petite (régionale) et grande (aire de répartition) échelles spatiales. À petite échelle spatiale, nous avons essayé d'analyser comment les structures océanographiques et géographiques comme les fronts hydrologiques et les détroits peuvent affecter la structure des populations. À grande échelle spatiale, les structures des populations mises en évidence par l'analyse de la forme de l'otolithe sont comparées et discutées avec les résultats des études génétiques. Les résultats montrent des structurations plus complexes chez l'anchois que chez la sardine. Contrairement à la sardine, les caractéristiques hydrologiques comme le front hydrologique Almeria-Oran (AOF) et le détroit de Gibraltat constituent des barrières à la dispersion et au mélange des anchois. En matière de gestion des stocks de sardines et d'anchois, nos résultats proposent de nouveaux découpages et suggèrent une révision des limites des stocks actuellement retenus. Les populations de petits poissons pélagiques sont connues pour être particulièrement sensibles aux fluctuations de l'environnement. La deuxième partie du travail de thèse a été consacrée à l'étude de l'écologie alimentaire de la sardine et de l'anchois à grande échelle spatiale en Méditerranée et en Atlantiqu NE. Anchois et sardines sont essentiellement zooplantonophages. Ils consomment majoritairement des copépodes (59.4% des proies identifiées pour la sardine et plus de 78% chez l'anchois). La comparaison des régimes alimentaires suggère un faible chevauchement entre les deux espèces particulièrement dans les zones de fortes productivités biologiques. Toutefois, en Méditerranée, où les eaux sont connues pour être oligotrophiques et donc peu productives, il peut y avoir chevauchement des niches trophiques des 2 espècesThe European anchovies and sardines are subject to heavy fishing pressure and their stocks are either fully exploited or overexploited. This is partly because many anchovy and sardine fisheries are managed on the basis of geographical areas bounded by ICES, GFCM and other regional organizations without necessarily true coherence between these administrative boundaries and the biological processes. In this context, the main objective of the thesis is to explore the population structure of sardines and anchovies at small (regional) and large (distribution range) spatial scales from the analysis of the otolith shape. At a smaller spatial scale, we tried to analyze how oceanographic and geographic structures, such as, hydrological fronts and Strait, can affect population structure. At larger spatial scales, population structures revealed by the analysis of otolith shapes were compared and discussed with the results of genetic studies. The results showed more complex population structure in anchovies than in sardines. Unlike sardines, hydrological characteristics, such as, the hydrological Almeria-Oran Front (AOF) and the Strait of Gibraltar constitute barriers that limit the dispersal and mixing of anchovies. In managing stocks of sardines and anchovies, our results suggest new division and suggest a readjustment of stocks currently held. Population of small pelagic fish are known to be particularly sensitive to changes in the environment. The second part of the thesis is devoted to studying of the feeding ecology of sardines and anchovies at large spatial scale in the Mediterranean and North-eastern Atlantic. Anchovies and sardines are essentially zooplantonophages. they mainly consume copepods (59.4% of identified prey for sardines and over 78% for anchovies). Comparing diets suggests little overlap between the two species, particularly in areas of high biological productivity. However, in the Mediterranean, where the waters are known to be oligotrophic and thus unproductive, the trophic niches of the two species may overlap
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Queiros, Quentin. "Mechanisms underlying the bottom-up control of sardine populations in the Gulf of Lions : insights from experiments and modeling." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG073.
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Le golfe du Lion a été confronté à une forte baisse des captures de ses deux principales espèces exploitées, la sardine Sardina pilchardus et l’anchois Engraulis encrasicolus depuis le milieu des années 2000, malgré des populations abondantes. Cette situation est due à une forte diminution de la condition corporelle et de la taille des individus causée par une croissance plus faible et la disparition des individus les plus âgés. La surpêche, la prédation ou les épidémies ayant été rejetées pour expliquer cette situation, une hypothèse majeure reste à étudier. Un changement du régime alimentaire de ces espèces pour des proies plus petites suggère un contrôle bottom-up comme principal facteur régissant la dynamique de ces populations. Le premier objectif de la thèse était d'étudier si un contrôle bottom-up pouvait expliquer les diminutions de croissance et de condition chez la sardine suite à des modifications de taille et/ou de quantité de nourriture et de comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents. Le deuxième objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les facteurs potentiels conduisant à la surmortalité des adultes. Pour cela, nous avons combiné approches expérimentales et modélisation. Les expériences ont montré que la taille et la quantité de nourriture avaient un impact significatif sur la condition, la croissance et le stockage des lipides. Ainsi, les sardines nourries sur de petites proies devaient en consommer deux fois plus que celles nourries sur de grandes proies pour atteindre la même condition et la même croissance. Ces résultats semblent être liés à une dépense énergétique plus élevée des sardines filtrant les petites proies par rapport à une chasse à vue sur de grandes proies. Nos résultats suggèrent plusieurs adaptations pour faire face à des petites proies et à une restriction calorique. L'étude des branchies suggère une augmentation entre 2007-2009 et 2016 de la capacité de filtration des sardines. Ensuite, les sardines nourries avec des petites proies ont montré plus grande efficacité et abondance en mitochondrie, suggérant une adaptation permettant des économies d'énergie. Enfin, les sardines habituées à se nourrir sur de petites proies ont réduit leur activité pour limiter les dépenses énergétiques. Néanmoins, toutes ces stratégies peuvent engendrer des surcoûts ou ne pas suffire à compenser les besoins énergétiques élevés imposée par la filtration, la croissance et la condition des sardines filtrant les petites proies étant restées plus faibles au cours de toutes nos expériences. En outre, les sardines nourries avec de grosses proies présentaient une fréquence de ponte plus élevée que les sardines nourries en même quantité mais sur des petites proies. La faible production d'œufs de ces sardines pourrait s'expliquer par une condition trop élevée pour engendrer un changement de compromis énergétique. Pour les mêmes raisons, les petites proies ne semblent pas avoir d’impact sur leur immunité et leur stress, les concentrations en leucocytes et en cortisol étant similaires quel que soit le traitement utilisé. L’étude de l’hypothèse de surmortalité adulte a permis de montrer que la probabilité de survie chute fortement quand la condition devient inférieure à 0,75 et que le seuil de 0,72 correspond à l'entrée en phase III du jeûne. Alors que la proportion de sardines atteignant de tels seuils dans la nature reste faible, elle a récemment doublé, pour atteindre environ 10% en hiver. Un modèle DEB paramétré à l’aide de données in situ et expérimentales a mis en évidence une plus faible probabilité de survie des individus les plus grands. Ainsi, ceux de plus de 14 cm, c-à-d âgés de plus de 2-3 ans, ont une probabilité inférieure à 50% de survivre un mois après la période de reproduction. En conclusion, ces résultats confortent les hypothèses d'un contrôle bottom-up et d'une surmortalité des sardines adultes après la reproduction pour expliquer la dynamique et la troncature démographique de la population de sardinesThe Gulf of Lions has faced a sharp drop in the catches of its two main small pelagic exploited species, the sardine Sardina pilchardus and the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus since the mid-2000s, despite both population abundances remaining high. This situation has been due to a severe decrease in individual body condition and size as a result of both lower growth and the disappearance of the oldest and largest individuals. While overfishing, predation or disease outbreaks have been refuted to explain this situation, one major hypothesis remained to be investigated. A potential shift in sardine and anchovy diet towards smaller planktonic prey indeed suggested bottom-up control as the main driver of these populations in the Gulf of Lions. The first aim of this thesis was to investigate whether bottom-up processes could explain the changes in sardine growth and condition through changes in both food size and/or quantity and to understand the behavioral and physiological mechanisms involved in this control. The second objective of this PhD thesis was to identify the potential underlying drivers leading to adult overmortality. To do so, we combined an experimental approach on wild sardines maintained in captivity with a modeling approach. Experimentations showed that body condition, growth and storage lipids were significantly impacted by both food size and quantity. Thus, sardines fed on small particles needed to consume twice as much as those feeding on large particles to achieve the same condition and growth. Such results seemed to be linked to higher energy expenditures of sardines while filtering small prey compared to particulate feeding on large prey (sardines being able to shift between two feeding modes according to the prey size). Moreover, our results suggested several adaptations to cope with small food and caloric restriction. The study of the gill raker apparatus involved in the filtration of small prey suggested an increase of the filtration capacity for a given length between 2007-2009 and 2016. Then, sardines fed on small particles exhibited higher mitochondria efficiency and abundance suggesting energy-saving adaptation. Finally, sardines accustomed to feed on small pellets showed lower activity to limit energy expenditure. Nevertheless, all these strategies might incur other costs or may not be enough to compensate the high energy demands of filtration on small prey, as growth and condition remained lower for sardines filtering small prey in all our experiments. Further, sardines fed on large pellets exhibited higher spawning frequency than sardines fed with the same quantity of small ones. The low egg production of these sardines might be explained by a too high body condition of these individuals to observe a change in energy trade-off towards reproduction. For the same reasons, small particle meals did not seem to impact their immunity and stress, leucocyte and cortisol concentrations being similar whatever the feeding treatment. Furthermore, to investigate the hypothesis of adult overmortality, we first studied whether individual could die from starvation and low body reserves. The survival probability sharply decreased when the body condition index became lower than 0.75 and the threshold of 0.72 was identified as the entry in phase III of fasting. While the proportion of sardines reaching such thresholds in the wild remains low, it still increased two-fold in the recent period, reaching about 10% in winter months. A DEB model parameterized using a combination of in-situ and experimental data suggested a lower survival probability for larger fish. Individuals larger than 14 cm, i.e. older than 2-3 years, had a lower than 50 % probability to survive 1 month after the reproduction period. In conclusion, these previous results comforted the two hypotheses of a bottom-up control and an overmortality of adult sardines after reproduction to explain the dynamic and demographic truncation of the sardine population
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Cheung, Pui-yin Jason, and 鍾培言. "Biomechanical comparative study of the JuggerKnotTM soft anchor technique with other common mallet finger fracture fixationtechniques." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48273892.
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Introduction
Mallet finger is a common injury involving either an extensor tendon rupture at its insertion or an avulsion fracture involving the insertion of the terminal extensor tendon. It is usually caused by a forceful blow to the tip of the finger causing sudden flexion or a hyperextension injury. Fracture at the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx is commonly associated with palmar subluxation of the distal phalanx. Most mallet finger injuries are recommended to be treated with immobilization of the distal interphalangeal joint in extension by splints. However, surgical fixation is still indicated in certain conditions such as open injuries, avulsion fracture involving at least one third of the articular surface with or without palmar subluxation of the distal phalanx and also failed splinting treatment. This study was designed to identify the strongest peak load resistance among four mallet finger fracture fixation methods, namely Kirschner wire fixation, pull-out wire fixation, tension-band wire fixation and the JuggerKnot? (Biomet) soft anchor fixation and to assess the role of the JuggerKnot? technique in mallet finger fixation.
Materials and method
Four different fixation techniques were assigned among twenty-four specimens (all fingers, no thumbs) from six cadaveric human hands in a randomized block fashion. Only one technique was performed on each finger. A downward load was applied to flex the distal phalanx and the maximum loading force was recorded. The load was tested at 30 degrees, 45 degrees and 60 degrees of flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint. Two separate data sets were performed for each finger before and after the osteotomy and fixation. The data underwent Shapiro-Wilk normality testing before analysis. The values of the mean peak load of the four groups were compared using the one-way analysis of variance test in SPSS version 19.0.
Result
All data points passed the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality. The mean peak load of the tension-band wiring group was 67.8N at 60 degrees of flexion which was significantly higher than the other three groups (p=0.008). The JuggerKnot? fixation had mean peak loads of 13.35N (30°), 22.51N (45°) and 32.96N (60°) which were all above the required load for mobilization. No complications of implant failure or fragmentation of the dorsal fragment was noted.
Discussion
The tension-band wire fixation was the strongest fixation method among the four. However it was cumbersome and it had the most soft tissue trauma among the four. No major difficulty was encountered during the testing. No fragmentation of the dorsal fragment was encountered during the procedures. The JuggerKnot? soft anchor fixation was a simple and easy technique and did not require trans-articular Kirschner wire fixation for protection. It could reduce and immobilize a grossly displaced dorsal fragment easily and allowed for safe immediate mobilization of the joint after operation as indicated by the peak load results. This fixation technique was a viable option for treating mallet finger injuries with a dorsal bony fragment size at least one-third of the articular surface with or without palmar subluxation of the distal phalanx.published_or_final_version
Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Kim, Han Yi. "A comparison of smoothing methods for the common item nonequivalent groups design." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1344.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the relative performance of various smoothing methods under the common item nonequivalent groups (CINEG) design. In light of the previous literature on smoothing under the CINEG design, this study aimed to provide general guidelines and practical insights on the selection of smoothing procedures under specific testing conditions.
To investigate the smoothing procedures, 100 replications were simulated under various testing conditions by using an item response theory (IRT) framework. A total of 192 conditions (3 sample size × 4 group ability difference × 2 common-item proportion × 2 form difficulty difference × 1 test length × 2 common-item type × 2 common-item difficulty spread) were investigated. Two smoothing methods including log-linear presmoothing and cubic spline postsmoothing were considered with four equating methods including frequency estimation (FE), modified frequency estimation (MFE), chained equipercentile equating (CE), and kernel equating (KE). Bias, standard error, and root mean square error were computed to evaluate the performance of the smoothing methods.
Results showed that 1) there were always one or more smoothing methods that produced smaller total error than unsmoothed methods; 2) polynomial log-linear presmoothing tended to perform better than cubic spline postsmoothing in terms of systematic and total errors when FE or MFE were used; 3) cubic spline postsmoothing showed a strong tendency to produce the least amount of random error regardless of the equating method used; 4) KE produced more accurate equating relationships under a majority of testing conditions when paired with CE; and 5) log-linear presmoothing produced smaller total error under a majority testing conditions than did cubic spline postsmoothing. Tables are provided to show the best-performing method for all combinations of testing conditions considered.
Books on the topic "Anchois commun"
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Schneller, Robert John. Anchor of resolve: A history of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command/Fifth Fleet. Washington: Naval Historical Center, Dept. of the Navy, 2007.
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Dave, Stuart. A non-freaked out guide to teaching the common core: Using the 32 literacy anchor standards to develop college and career ready students. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass & Pfeiffer Imprints, Wiley, 2014.
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Naval Historical Center (U.S.) (Producer), ed. Anchor of Resolve: A History of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command Fifth Fleet. Dept. of the Navy, 2007.
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Anchor of Resolve: A History of U. S. Naval Forces Central Command/Fifth Fleet. Independently Published, 2019.
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Stuart, Dave, and Dave Jr Stuart. Non-Freaked Out Guide to Teaching the Common Core: Using the 32 Literacy Anchor Standards to Develop College- and Career-Ready Students. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Stuart, Dave, and Stuart Dave Jr. Non-Freaked Out Guide to Teaching the Common Core: Using the 32 Literacy Anchor Standards to Develop College- and Career-Ready Students. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Chun, Chaesung. The State and regional Order in East Asia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828945.003.0010.
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Lacking strong multilateral institutions, the East Asian regional order essentially seems to function along the lines suggested by realist perspectives on international relations. However, growing economic interdependence has transformed the conflictual landscape in ways that facilitate international cooperation. This may help to explain why in East Asia no major war has taken place since 1979. In the future, US–China rivalry will likely affect all aspects of East Asian regional order, but this competition will take place within the framework of a heavily institutionalized regional order offering some anchors to hold the power shift within the bounds of certain norms and principles. This might leave room for maneuver for middle and small powers in the region. Both the USA and China have also tried to find a common basis on which they can pursue mutual interests and sustain cooperation, thus steering clear of the fearsome “Thucydides trap.”
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Bocquet, Lydéric, David Quéré, Thomas A. Witten, and Leticia F. Cugliandolo, eds. Soft Interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.001.0001.
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Many of the distinctive and useful phenomena of soft matter come from its interaction with interfaces. Examples are the peeling of a strip of adhesive tape or the coating of a surface or the curling of a fibre via capillary forces or the electrically driven ow along a microchannel, or the collapse of a porous sponge. These interfacial phenomena are distinct from the intrinsic behaviour of a soft material like a gel or a microemulsion. Yet many forms of interfacial phenomena can be understood via common principles valid for many forms of soft matter. Our goal in organizing this school was to give students a grasp of these common principles and their many ramifications and possibilities. The school comprised over fifty 90-minute lectures over four weeks in July 2013. Four four-lecture courses by Howard Stone, Michael Cates, David Nelson, and L. Mahadevan served as an anchor for the program. A number of shorter courses and seminars rounded out the school.This volume presents lecture notes prepared by the speakers and submitted for publication after the school. The lectures are grouped under two main themes: Hydrodynamics and interfaces, and Soft matter.
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Gessler, Anne. Cooperatives in New Orleans. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496827616.001.0001.
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Cooperatives in New Orleans: Collective Action and Urban Development intervenes in southern labor, civil rights, and social movement histories to counter the misconception that cooperatives are merely proto-political entities serving as training grounds for or as ancillary to institutionalized social justice movements critiquing capitalism and its fraught connections to gender, race, and class. To historically and theoretically anchor the book, the book examines seven neighborhood cooperatives, spanning from the 1890s to the present, whose alliances with union, consumer, and social justice activists animated successive generations of locally-informed, regional cooperative networks stimulating urban growth in New Orleans. Debating alternative forms of social organization within the city’s plethora of integrated spaces, women, people of color, and laborers blended neighborhood-based African, Caribbean, and European communal traditions with transnational cooperative principles to democratize exploitative systems of consumption, production, and exchange. From utopian socialist workers unions and Rochdale grocery stores to black liberationist theater collectives and community gardens, their cooperative businesses integrated marginalized residents into democratic governance while equally distributing profits among members.
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Lustig, Jason. A Time to Gather. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197563526.001.0001.
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A Time to Gather: Archives and the Control of Jewish Culture examines Jewish archives in Germany, the United States, and Israel/Palestine and argues that historical records took on potent value in modern Jewish life as both sources of history and anchors of memory, precisely because archives presented one way of transmitting Jewish culture and history from one generation to another. Creating archives was one means for Jews to take control of their history, especially after the Holocaust, when efforts at archive restitution removed looted archives from the hands of perpetrators. Such efforts also raised complex questions of who could actually “own” this history. This book contends that twentieth-century Jewish archival efforts served as a proxy for wide-ranging struggles over the meaning and control of Jewish culture: whether in Israel’s claims to be a successor to European Jewry, the reality of American Jewry’s rising prominence, or the question of the continued vitality of Jewish life in Germany after the Holocaust, gathering archives was a means to assert dominance over Jewish culture by making claims of ties to the past and constituting a kind of “birth certificate” or legitimization of communal life. A Time to Gather presents archive making as a metaphor with the dispersion and gathering of documents falling in the context of the Jews’ long diasporic history. In the end, a rising urgency of archival memory in Jewish life and the importance of history’s traces meant archives were powerful but contested symbols of control of the past, present, and future.
Book chapters on the topic "Anchois commun"
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van Vuuren, Sanne, and Rina de Vries. "Chapter 16. Common framework, local context, local anchors." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 353–70. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.243.16vuu.
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Sluiter, Ineke. "Old Is the New New: The Rhetoric of Anchoring Innovation." In Argumentation Library, 243–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52907-9_13.
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AbstractIn life, language, and argument, we need to feel at home. “Anchoring” connects whatever seems “new” to what is considered familiar. This paper studies the argumentative use of “anchoring” in the wider context of its role in language use. “Anchoring” provides a unifying perspective in analyzing linguistic and rhetorical elements identified by different schools of thought (Sect. 2). Several features of language, elsewhere studied in the context of “discourse linguistics”, direct the addressee on how to anchor new information to the common ground. Categorizing, labeling and naming (topics from philosophy and psychology) can be considered anchoring functions. And formal linguistic iconicity anchors linguistic representations in evolutionarily older senso-motor systems. Section 3 discusses the anchoring effects of some specific discourse types: genealogy, mythology, aetiology, and etymology. All of these frequently take the form of narrative and are used in affective, “engaged” argumentation. Finally, the rhetorical and argumentative implications of the terminology of “new” and “old” itself are discussed, and one specific “anchoring trope” is analyzed, which sets up an anchor as a reference point for something new: the phrase “X is the new Y” (Sect. 4).
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Nguyen, Lan Chau, Tuan-Nghia Do, and Quoc Dinh Nguyen. "Characteristics and Remedy Solutions for a New Mong Sen Deep-Seated Landslide, Sapa Town, Vietnam." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 403–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_29.
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AbstractLandslides govern the evolution of landforms and pose a serious threat across the globe, especially in mountainous areas. In the northwestern area of Vietnam, a deep-seated landslide occurred near the new Mong Sen bridge in Trung Chai commune, Sapa town, Laocai province. In October 2020, some serious cracks were observed above a natural slope near a road, which was under construction to connect the Noi Bai-Laocai highway to Sapa town. The crack area was divided into two zones. Since this phenomenon could not only cause loss of life but also damage to the properties located downhill, the construction was stopped until the slope was rehabilitated. In this study, geological investigations, laboratory tests, and stability analysis were conducted to understand the failure mechanism. The analysis results showed that cutting activities during the construction of the road contributed to the sliding of the sloping soil mass. The following rehabilitation works at the failed area were conducted: (1) removing the soil above the natural slope; and (2) constructing the retaining system, including ground anchors and soil nails to retain the remaining slope. Results of stability analysis demonstrated that the retained slope would be stable after treatment.
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Bordner, Autumn. "Equity Must Anchor the BBNJ Treaty." In Common Currents, 185–206. Brill | Nijhoff, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004514218_010.
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Davis, David J. "‘Pictures are … not for Worship’." In Experiencing God in Late Medieval and Early Modern England, 56–92. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834137.003.0004.
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This chapter expands the discourse of divine revelation beyond the literary/linguistic to include the visual and pictorial. It examines the continued prevalence of images of God in early modern England, despite many reformers’ prohibitions and objections, and considers how these images were used. The chapter anchors different, popular representations of God in the widely published engravings of divine revelation printed in the Book of Common Prayer after the Restoration in 1660, demonstrating a continuity in the ways that God was visually depicted across several centuries. Furthermore, elaborating on the common themes of images serving as objects to stir the memory, the chapter demonstrates that in Protestant and Catholic contexts, images of God’s self-disclosure could offer people various topics for meditation, including divine immanence, divine providence, and spiritual consolation.
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Coghlan, J. Michelle. "Barricades Revisited – the Commune on Campus from FSM to SDS." In Sensational Internationalism. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474411202.003.0007.
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This epilogue examines the Commune’s re-ignition in the 1960s. Returning to Endore’s likening of the uprising to a “free-for-all,” I argue that this conjuration—lacking the top down organization of a party, prone to spring up anywhere unannounced—would survive the reign of McCarthy and the crackdown that did so much to dissipate radical memory and, with it, 1871’s resonance in the U.S. I show how the story of the Commune that would survive the 1950s offered future radicals not so much a program as a promise—a memory of a revolutionary future that might be “vomited up” at any moment. I anchor my discussion in two pivotal eruptions of the Commune on campus: Mario Savio’s invocations of it during the Free Speech Movement demonstrations at UC Berkeley as a model of campus activism and taking “only what is ours,” and its more literal restaging five years later as student protestors at Columbia University turned to 1871 to make sense of their own cultural moment, dubbing themselves “Communards” as they reoccupied this once again vital and viral revolutionary past.
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Wenzel, Jennifer. "From Waste Lands to Wasted Lives: Enclosure as Aesthetic Regime and Property Regime." In The Disposition of Nature, 141–94. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823286782.003.0004.
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This chapter traces relationships between material processes and cultural logics of enclosure. Waste land—land not under cultivation, producing no revenue for the state—was the raw material of colonial capitalism. Waste also names the by-products of such transformations: lives and lands laid waste. These processes entail ways of seeing and knowing; aesthetic regimes help to naturalize property regimes. The literary personification of nature (as in the pathetic fallacy) is bound up with the objectification of humans: aesthetic renderings of landscape can reinforce a dehumanizing, anti-commons common sense. These resource logics understand nature as separate from humans, disposed for their use, and subject to their control. The chapter considers the role of European imperialism in consolidating ideas about nature and natural resources, situating new materialist accounts of non-human agency within a broader historical context. Mahasweta Devi’s “Dhowli” anchors an examination of a worldwide history of waste, which begins (for John Locke) when “all the world was America.” Devi’s story bears the traces of successive waves of conquest and enclosure in India and offers an Anthropocene allegory avant la lettre—which the chapter juxtaposes with East India Company officials’ observations of the effects of deforestation, a foundation for modern climate science.
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Li, Siqiwen. "The “Smart” Regulatory Framework." In Standards and Standardization, 706–27. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8111-8.ch033.
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Based on the recognition that neither the command-and-control nor the self-regulation mode based regulation can accommodate the ever growing complexity of the financial market, this chapter argues that a new regulatory regime is needed. This chapter discusses the four theoretical concepts -- governmentality, reflexivity, responsive regulation and ‘smart' regulation – that anchor a proposed alternative “smart” regulatory framework.
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Reynolds, R. "Web Credibility Measurment." In Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurements, 296–98. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-792-8.ch035.
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Several researchers (e.g., Carter & Greenberg, 1965; Flanagin, & Metzger, 2000; Fogg, 2002; Johnson & Kaye, 2004; Newhagen & Nass, 1989) discuss or mention the concept of media or web credibility. The classic concept of credibility (typically attributed to Aristotle’s Rhetoric) identifies credibility as a multidimensional perception on the part of the receiver that the source of a message has a moral character, practical wisdom, and a concern for the common good. Warnick (2004) points out that the “authorless” nature of the online environment complicates the use of traditional analyses of credibility. The most common set of web credibility scales cited in the research are the Flanagin and Metzger (2000) items. The five Flanagin and Metzger scale items address the believability, accuracy, trustworthiness, bias, and completeness of the information on the web site. Other researchers have added other items such as fairness or depth of information. Flanagin and Metzger used a 7-point response format with anchors for each term (e.g., “Not At All Believable” to “Extremely Believable”). Other researchers have used a 5-point response format.
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Flippo, Rona F. "Appendix C. COMMON CORE ALIGNMENT: COLLEGE AND CAREER READINESS (ENGLISH/LANGUAGE ARTS ANCHOR STANDARDS)." In Studying and Learning in a High-Stakes World, 127–34. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9781475812497-127.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Anchois commun"
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Poukalova, Mariya, Christopher M. Yakacki, Robert E. Guldberg, Angela Lin, and Ken Gall. "The Influence of Trabecular Microstructure on Mechanical Properties and the Pullout Strength of Suture Anchors." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19118.
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Suture anchors provide soft-tissue fixation, often tendons and ligaments, to bone. The most common type of surgery in which suture anchors are used is in rotator cuff repairs, where the anchor is implanted into the humerus to create a point of fixation for the supraspinatus.[1–2] Pullout strength, or the force necessary to pull the anchor from the bone, has been previously used as a metric to compare suture anchor performance. In investigating suture anchor performance, it has been suggested that pullout strength is positively correlated to bone mineral density (BMD).[2]
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Bartolini, Lorenzo, Lorenzo Marchionni, Antonio Parrella, and Luigino Vitali. "Advanced FE Modelling Approach for Pipeline Hooking Interaction of Dragged Anchors." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77473.
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Offshore pipelines, located in areas with high/medium ship traffic, are exposed to threats such as dragged anchors, dropped objects, sinking ships, etc.. In the last years, there have been a few accidents where subsea pipelines or cables have been hooked and damaged by dragged anchors. These incidents have been caused both by emergency and accidentally dragged anchors. Two of the most serious incidents to pipelines caused by an accidentally dragged anchor involved the Trans Mediterranean gas pipelines in 2008 and the Kvitebjørn gas pipeline in the North Sea in 2007. The interaction mechanism between the pipeline and an anchor dragging on the seafloor is affected by different parameters (i.e. anchor size, chain length, water depth, soils geo-technics, anchor speed, incident angle between the pipeline and the anchor dragging direction). In common practice, the occurrence of hooking events is assessed by implementing specified interpretative model involving basically typical anchor dimensions for the different ship classes and expected soil pipe interaction scenarios. Major efforts have been made to develop a 3D Finite Element model with the aim of improving the simulation capabilities of engineers to address and anticipate the mechanism of pipeline and dragged anchor interaction. The model presented in this paper is based on the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) technique. With respect to typical simplified FE models, implementing the seabed as an analytic surface, this advanced technique (i.e. CEL) allows one to model the seabed as a deformable Eulerian domain, in which the anchor (and the pipeline) can penetrate. The seabed settlement and the displacement of soil particles due to anchor motion can be fully calculated. The FE Model includes the steel pipeline geometry and the external concrete coating, the surrounding water, the deformable seabed and the 3D anchor geometry with its chain. Scope of this assessment is to improve the understanding of the pipeline and anchor interaction event. In particular the focus is on the mechanisms and dynamics of accidental events which lead to the occurrence of anchor engagement with the pipeline. Eventually, the final goal is to refine and take into due account the contribution of accidentally dragged anchor scenario in the overall procedure for pipeline design against threats posed by commercial ship traffic. In this paper: • The state of the art about the classical analysis methodology recommended by standards to evaluate the interaction between the pipeline and the accidental dragged anchors is briefly described; • A FEM based analysis methodology is drawn and proposed to address the potential for pipeline hooking by the accidentally dragged anchor event; • A typical application is presented.
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THURMER, CLAYTON, JASON RAY, MATTHEW GLASSCOTT, and BRIAN EICK. "EVALUATION OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE (EMI) FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING (SHM) OF POST-TENSIONED GROUND ANCHORS." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/36762.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers has demonstrated a need to monitor ground anchors within their large civil works portfolio in order to avoid structural damage to critical infrastructure. Ground anchors (ie, “tiebacks”) are used for securing loose soil or rock by placing a tendon (such as seven wire strand) into a predrilled hole, pulling it into tension against an anchor plate or block, then typically grouting it into place. A common failure mode of these ground anchors is tendon degradation due to corrosion resulting in tension loss. However, the tendons are difficult to monitor due to embedment in material limiting visual inspection to exposed anchor plates, wedges, and strand ends. Furthermore, retrofitting sensors onto existing anchor installations is limited to the exposed components. Therefore, instrumentation is desired to detect and quantify corrosion and/or tension loss of the embedded tendon as part of a comprehensive Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) plan. An effort to evaluate instrumentation to this end was undertaken by the authors. A process for inducing accelerated corrosion of cable sections using additively manufactured corrosion cells was developed in order to facilitate a more time-efficient evaluation of sensing modalities’ ability to detect corrosion induced material loss. Literature reveals that electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) using PZT (Lead zirconate titanate) patches (i.e. piezoelectric transducers) has been previously experimentally evaluated for both corrosion monitoring of steel components and cable tension respectively, although not concurrently. This paper presents an experimental methodology and laboratory results of corrosion detection and tension monitoring using PZT patches affixed to seven strand steel wire rope. Preliminary results from separate experiments indicate an ability to detect material loss due to corrosion and changes in tension using EMI.
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Chandra Ghosh, Bishakh, Dhinakaran Vinayagamurthy, Venkatraman Ramakrishna, Krishnasuri Narayanam, and Sandip Chakraborty. "Privacy-Preserving Negotiation of Common Trust Anchors Across Blockchain Networks." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbc54727.2022.9805532.
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Eltaher, Ayman, Jason Sun, and Paul Jukes. "Design of Suction Piles for Deepwater HPHT Subsea Pipelines." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57417.
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Thermal expansion management of high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) pipelines using buckle initiators and anchors has proven to be a viable approach for projects in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. In this study, using suction piles as pipeline anchors is discussed, as suction piles represent the most commonly used anchoring technology in deepwater. Considerations and issues particular to the pipeline anchoring application are discussed and possible solutions are presented. In this study, the traditional suction pile analysis and design procedures (based on simple calculations and/or the finite element method) are discussed, and modifications and simplifications are proposed to suit the new application. In particular, applying the anchor loads at the mudline level, long-term loading and the absence of significant axial loading are examples of issues and particulars that are common to pipeline anchoring that would either simplify analysis or put restrictions on the validity of current suction pile design procedures. Different types of connections to pipelines and subsea structures are also proposed and addressed. This study extends the applicability of suction piles from mooring applications to thermal buckle and walking management for HPHT pipeline applications. It presents solutions to connection and design issues particular to suction piles as anchoring means for HPHT pipeline thermal management.
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Cheah, B. C., A. J. Keating, and J. M. Dell. "Tailoring anchor shape during release of MEMS microbeams using microfluidic flow." In 2012 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials & Devices (COMMAD). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/commad.2012.6472366.
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de Araujo, Jairo B., Antonio C. Fernandes, Joel S. Sales, Mario Jorge C. dos Santos, and Ana Clara S. Thurler. "Efficient Anchoring System for FPSO in Arbitrary Waters." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96575.
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Abstract Oil offshore Brazil, as well as in other continents, has demanded floating units for oil production. Typical anchored production units are the semi-submersible platforms, FPSO, Spar Buoys and TLPs. All of them use several anchoring lines for station keeping. In the offshore Brazil scenario, the last twelve years the FPSOs adopts the torpedo piles and polyester ropes in the anchoring lines in deep and ultra-deep waters. The FPSO “Cidade de Angra dos Reis” was the first to operate in pre-salt area in October 2010. From then on, it became common the production units with VLCC size, oil production of 150,000 barrels per day and 24 anchoring lines. The reason for such large number of anchors is the 1,200 tonnes torpedo piles holding power restriction. The proposition developed in this paper reduces the number of anchor lines using well know offshore equipment such as: driven piles, mooring chains, polyester ropes and conventional anchoring deck equipment. The main difference is the use of driven piles with holding power above 1,800 tonnes and anchor lines with a breaking strength of more than 2,000 tonnes. It is shown that a decrease of number of anchoring lines from 24 to 12 can be achieved. Consequently, it will decrease also the space occupied by the anchoring lines in the seabed by reducing the subsea layout of risers, flow lines and well head. This allows a technical and economical scenario more feasible when compared with the currently used on the Brazilian oil & gas market.
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Guiwu, Han, Cai LIYun, and Wang DaWei. "Discussion on the treatment scheme of pipelines in common anchor pier." In 5th International Conference on Traffic Engineering and Transportation System (ICTETS 2021), edited by Yongkang Xing. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2620215.
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ALMEIDA Jr, Sálvio A., and Serhan Guner. "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Non-Structural Components Anchorage under Extreme Wind Loads." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1905.
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<p>Steel anchors are widely used to fasten structures and non-structural components (NSC) to rooftop concrete slabs, especially in high-rise buildings. However, several NSC anchorage failures have been observed in the last decades upon the incidence of hurricanes, resulting in loss of service in essential buildings, detachment of the component, and water intrusion, all of which significantly delayed the recovery of the affected communities. From the observed failures, three main mechanisms were identified: steel rupture, concrete breakout, and bond failure. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element methodology using a concrete damaged plasticity approach is developed to predict the response of steel anchors installed into a concrete slab. The methodology is verified with experimental results for each failure mechanism and subsequently used to study the effect of service-load concrete cracking and elevated temperatures – common conditions at rooftop level – on the response of the anchors. In addition, a first-of-its-kind multi-scale model of an NSC and its anchorage is created using the proposed methodology to investigate its behavior under dynamic hurricane load application. The findings suggest that these conditions can compromise the performance of NSC or promote its failure.</p>
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Wang, Yutao, Hugh Wolgamot, Phillip Watson, Christophe Gaudin, Wenhua Zhao, and Ian Milne. "Preliminary Investigation of a Shared Mooring Arrangement for a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Farm in Deep Water." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-81245.
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Abstract In recent years, floating wind has been attracting increasing attention due to its ability to be deployed in greater water depths, which are usually associated with higher wind energy. At present, floating wind technology is more expensive than fixed offshore wind, with higher cost being driven by challenges such as the extended length of mooring lines, installation of anchors in deep water etc. For floating wind to become more competitive it will be necessary to devise methods that are able to bring down the overall cost by addressing areas such as these. This paper presents a relatively novel concept that may help reduce the capital cost by using an arrangement of ‘shared mooring lines’. This arrangement is able to significantly reduce the number of anchors used in a windfarm, compared to the current common industry practice of using 3 mooring lines to moor each individual turbine, by connecting some of the turbines to their neighbours, rather than the seabed. Furthermore, this study aims to address a scenario in which shared mooring lines are expected to be more favourable, i.e. deep water (1000 m) and large (10 MW) turbines. This numerical study provides some insights to a cost-saving mooring concept for a FOWT wind farm, by investigating loads in mooring lines and anchors, as well as relative displacement of the FOWTs in the windfarm. The cost saving is roughly estimated in terms of number of anchors and length of mooring line saved — serving as preliminary guidance for shared mooring line arrangements to be applied on larger windfarms or other geometric layouts (e.g. staggered rectangular array or hexagonally shared mooring connection).
Reports on the topic "Anchois commun"
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Bond, Robert Bailey. Design of steel headed stud anchors in concrete-filled steel composite deck. Northeastern University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20473849.
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This paper reports common failure mechanisms of steel headed stud anchors (shear studs) in concrete-filled steel composite decks found in the literature comprised through an extensive database of push-out tests representing multiple shear stud configurations used in composite construction around the world. Monotonically and cyclically loaded push-out test specimens perpendicular or parallel steel deck, or in solid slabs, are included in the evaluation. Comparisons to experimental strengths are made with the steel headed stud anchor strength prediction methods from various international Codes and Standards along with other mechanics-based design provisions proposed in the literature. It was found that the prediction for concrete failure modes is often over-predicted, especially in deck perpendicular configurations. Two alternative design equations are presented within the context of the AISC Specification to address consideration for concrete related failures and are validated through comparisons both with push-out tests and composite beam tests found in the literature.
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Briggs, Nicholas E., and Jerome F. Hajjar. Cyclic Seismic Behavior of Concrete-filled Steel Deck Diaphragms. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20593269.
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Earthquake disasters in the United States account for $6.1 billion of economic losses each year, much of which is directly linked to infrastructure damage. These natural disasters are unpredictable and represent one of the most difficult design problems regarding constructing resilient infrastructure. Structural floor and roof diaphragms act as the horizontal portion of the lateral force resisting system (LFRS), distributing the seismically derived inertial loads out from the heavy concrete slabs to the vertical LFRS. Concrete-filled steel deck diaphragms are ubiquitously used in steel construction worldwide due to the ease of construction and cost-effective use of material. This report first presents a series of concrete-filled steel deck push-out tests that explores the effect of cyclic loading on the strength of steel headed stud anchors. The effect that cyclic loading has on structural performance is explored across different concrete densities, steel headed stud anchor placements and groupings, steel deck orientations, and edge conditions. As compared to prior tests, the push-out tests conducted in this work included four rows of studs along the length rather than the typical two rows, and an ability to impose cyclic loading. This provided novel insight into force flows, failure mechanisms, and load distribution between studs and stud groups. Most of the specimens also used lightweight concrete, as is common in high seismic zones.Secondly, this report describes a full-scale experimental concrete-filled steel deck diaphragm specimen which explored the cyclic behavior and capacity of this structural system. This experiment builds on previously reported experimental studies. This specimen demonstrated force distribution and flows in an indeterminant floor system and captured realistic boundary conditions and construction practices that affect the performance of this system in building structures. The results showed that concrete-filled steel deck diaphragms fail as expected and may have significant overstrength. Furthermore, a finite element framework is presented that can simulate cyclic fracture through the use of a high-fidelity steel material model. This framework was used and validated against nine experimental push-out specimens tested and documented as part of this research. The simulation capacity provides an avenue to further investigate this structural system through simulated parametric study.
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Abbott, Albert G., Doron Holland, Douglas Bielenberg, and Gregory Reighard. Structural and Functional Genomic Approaches for Marking and Identifying Genes that Control Chilling Requirement in Apricot and Peach Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591742.bard.
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Structural and functional genomic approaches for marking and identifying genes that control chilling requirement in apricot and peach trees. Specific aims: 1) Identify and characterize the genetic nature of chilling requirement for flowering and dormancy break of vegetative shoots in Prunusgermplasm through the utilization of existing apricot (NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (Clemson University) genetic mapping populations; 2) Use molecular genetic mapping techniques to identify markers flanking genomic regions controlling chilling; 3) Comparatively map the regions controlling chilling requirement in apricot and peach and locate important genomic regions influencing chilling requirement on the Prunus functional genomic database as an initial step for identification of candidate genes; 4) Develop from the functional genomics database a set of markers facilitating the development of cultivars with optimized chilling requirements for improved and sustained fruit production in warm-winter environments. Dormant apricot (prunus armeniaca L.) and peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees require sustained exposure to low, near freezing, temperatures before vigorous floral and vegetative bud break is possible after the resumption of warm temperatures in the spring. The duration of chilling required (the chilling requirement, CR) is determined by the climatic adaptation of the particular cultivar, thus limiting its geographic distribution. This limitation is particularly evident when attempting to introduce superior cultivars to regions with very warm winter temperatures, such as Israel and the coastal southern United States. The physiological mechanism of CR is not understood and although breeding programs deliberately manipulate CR in apricot and peach crosses, robust closely associated markers to the trait are currently not available. We used segregating populations of apricot (100 Fl individuals, NeweYa'ar Research Center, ARO) and peach (378 F2 individuals, Clemson University) to discover several discreet genomic loci that regulate CR and blooming date. We used the extensive genomic/genetic resources available for Prunus to successfully combine our apricot and peach genetic data and identify five QTL with strong effects that are conserved between species as well as several QTL that are unique to each species. We have identified markers in the key major QTL regions for testing in breeding programs which we are carrying out currently; we have identified an initial set of candidate genes using the peach physical/transcriptome map and whole peach genome sequences and we are testing these currently to identify key target genes for manipulation in breeding programs. Our collaborative work to date has demonstrated the following: 1) CR in peach and apricot is predominantly controlled by a limited number ofQTL loci, seven detected in a peach F2 derived map comprising 65% of the character and 12 in an apricot Fl map comprising 71.6% and 55.6% of the trait in the Perfection and A. 1740 parental maps, respectively and that peach and apricot appear in our initial maps to share five genomic intervals containing potentially common QTL. 2) Application of common anchor markers of the Prunus/peach, physical/genetic map resources has allowed us not only to identify the shared intervals but also to have immediately available some putative candidate gene information from these intervals, the EVG region on LG1 in peach the TALY 1 region in apricot on LG2 in peach; and several others involved in vernalization pathways (LGI and LG7). 3) Mapped BACcontigs are easily defined from the complete physical map resources in peach through the common SSR markers that anchor our CR maps in the two species, 4) Sequences of BACs in these regions can be easily mined for additional polymorphic markers to use in MAS applications.
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Weller, Joel I., Harris A. Lewin, and Micha Ron. Determination of Allele Frequencies for Quantitative Trait Loci in Commercial Animal Populations. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586473.bard.
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Individual loci affecting economic traits in dairy cattle (ETL) have been detected via linkage to genetic markers by application of the granddaughter design in the US population and the daughter design in the Israeli population. From these analyses it is not possible to determine allelic frequencies in the population at large, or whether the same alleles are segregating in different families. We proposed to answer this question by application of the "modified granddaughter design", in which granddaughters with a common maternal grandsire are both genotyped and analyzed for the economic traits. The objectives of the proposal were: 1) to fine map three segregating ETL previously detected by a daughter design analysis of the Israeli dairy cattle population; 2) to determine the effects of ETL alleles in different families relative to the population mean; 3) for each ETL, to determine the number of alleles and allele frequencies. The ETL on Bostaurusautosome (BT A) 6 chiefly affecting protein concentration was localized to a 4 cM chromosomal segment centered on the microsatellite BM143 by the daughter design. The modified granddaughter design was applied to a single family. The frequency of the allele increasing protein percent was estimated at 0.63+0.06. The hypothesis of equal allelic frequencies was rejected at p<0.05. Segregation of this ETL in the Israeli population was confirmed. The genes IBSP, SPP1, and LAP3 located adjacent to BM143 in the whole genome cattle- human comparative map were used as anchors for the human genome sequence and bovine BAC clones. Fifteen genes within 2 cM upstream of BM143 were located in the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4q22 and HSA4p15. Only a single gene, SLIT2, was located within 2 cM downstream of BM143 in the orthologous HSA4p15 region. The order of these genes, as derived from physical mapping of BAC end sequences, was identical to the order within the orthologous syntenic groups on HSA4: FAM13A1, HERC3. CEB1, FLJ20637, PP2C-like, ABCG2, PKD2. SPP, MEP, IBSP, LAP3, EG1. KIAA1276, HCAPG, MLR1, BM143, and SLIT2. Four hundred and twenty AI bulls with genetic evaluations were genotyped for 12 SNPs identified in 10 of these genes, and for BM143. Seven SNPs displayed highly significant linkage disequilibrium effects on protein percentage (P<0.000l) with the greatest effect for SPP1. None of SNP genotypes for two sires heterozygous for the ETL, and six sires homozygous for the ETL completely corresponded to the causative mutation. The expression of SPP 1 and ABCG2 in the mammary gland corresponded to the lactation curve, as determined by microarray and QPCR assays, but not in the liver. Anti-sense SPP1 transgenic mice displayed abnormal mammary gland differentiation and milk secretion. Thus SPP 1 is a prime candidate gene for this ETL. We confirmed that DGAT1 is the ETL segregating on BTA 14 that chiefly effects fat concentration, and that the polymorphism is due to a missense mutation in an exon. Four hundred Israeli Holstein bulls were genotyped for this polymorphism, and the change in allelic frequency over the last 20 years was monitored.