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Journal articles on the topic 'Ancient Bengal'
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1
banerji, chitrita. "A Sweet Fragrance in Winter." Gastronomica 12, no. 1 (2012): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.12.1.83.
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This article is about the syrup derived from the Bengali date palm tree, Phoenix sylvestris, which is processed for use as a sweetener. This sweetener, called khejur gur, is an important item in Bengali gastronomy because of its distinctive aroma and flavor. References to the use of khejur gur and the date palm tree can be found in ancient Sanskrit texts. The trees are tapped in winter, between December and February, a process that requires considerable expertise. The harvested syrup (collected in clay pots suspended from notches cut in the trunk) is boiled down to achieve different consistencies ranging from liquid to solid. Most Bengali confectioners substitute khejur gur for cane sugar in making sweets during the winter months. The undying popularity of khejur gur has also given it a notable presence in the literature and culture of the Bengal region, including the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh.
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Chakravarti, Ranabir. "Early Medieval Bengal and the Trade In Horses: a Note." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 42, no. 2 (1999): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520991446839.
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AbstractThis essay brings into focus a relatively neglected aspect of economic life in early medieval Bengal. Like many other parts of India, Bengal during ancient and early medieval times did not have any indigenous, good quality war horses. The emergence of Bengal as a regional political entity to reckon with during the early medieval times (c. AD 600 - 1300) must have increased the demand for war horses. The paper analyses the epigraphic accounts of the procurement of these indispensable war animals from northern and northwestern India by the rulers of early medieval Bengal. The Tabaqat-i-Nasiri of the thirteenth century gives an indication of the availablity of northeastern horses - probably Tibetan ones - in Bengal. Chinese accounts of the fifteenth century and some Arabic accounts of the invasions of the Deccan by the Delhi Sultante have been utilised here to suggest that early medieval Bengal not only received regular supplies of imported horses, but also witnessed the transportation of some of these war machines to the Deccan and China.
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Banerji, Chitrita. "The Propitiatory Meal." Gastronomica 3, no. 1 (2003): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2003.3.1.82.
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This article is an analysis of the varied ways in which the meal has been used as a tool for appeasement and propitiation in Bengali Hindu society from ancient times. Bengal is a region that is naturally fertile and yet is often subjected to the fearsome destruction of floods and cyclones. The uncertainty of life has always been palpable here. The numerous rivers that make the region a delta also made Bengal the last hinterland of Aryan exploration and settlement in ancient times. Pre-Aryan inhabitants, whom historians describe as proto-Australoid, subscribed to animistic beliefs, which blurred the line between this world and the next. Their funerary practices involved serving food to supernatural creatures who inhabited the earth. In such a region, the imposition of the Hindu caste system, which attributed preeminence to the Brahmins and the males, further increased the sense of vulnerability on the part of a large section of the population'women and members of the lower castes. Mythic notions of food as something with which to appease a dangerous creature eventually translated into the social custom of serving carefully prepared meals to gods, Brahmins, males and other beings with power and superiority. The article presents examples from mythology, religious texts, literature and even film, to illustrate this custom. Widows were particularly vulnerable in Bengali Hindu society. They were not allowed to remarry and also blamed for the death of their husbands. The rituals and deprivations of a widow's life provide the most poignant instances of appeasement through food. One of the best-known rituals of propitiation is the Bengali feast of Jamaishashthi, when the son-in-law is invited by his wife's family and served an elaborate multi-course meal. He is also given expensive gifts. The purpose of the ritual was to ensure that he treats his wife well and protects her from being treated too abusively by his mother and sisters. The practice has survived in modern times even though it has lost much of its potent significance.
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Bhattacharya, Jayati. "Old Routes, New Dreams: Reminiscences of the Southern Silk Road and Bengal-China Connectivities." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 64, no. 3 (2021): 302–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341538.
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Abstract An increasing optimism at the prospect of “shared prosperity” has revived attention on ancient historical routes such as the Southern Silk Road compelling us to rethink notions of the “centre” and the “periphery” in comprehending binaries of nation-states and agencies of globalization. This article focuses on revisiting circulatory movements and networks from the past across land and sea between Bengal delta and China in strengthening the networks and a new alignment of communities and economic possibilities. It explores some of the lesser-studied historical routes in the region and different dimensions of “place making” in the popular imagination and new synergies to redefine the Bengal-China connections.
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Hossain, Md Kohinoor. "Influence of Religiopoliticology and Duressed Womankind: Perspective Bangladesh." International Journal of Islamic Business & Management 2, no. 2 (2018): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijibm.v2i2.217.
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The world is continuing at its own orbiting and fugitive for the adamboma or bomb of Adam in the womankind and mankind, who are classified into the four generations, and they are religious world, nonreligious world, scientist world and humanitarian world but the people of Bangladesh are in the same kind like the world people to find out God and how they use religions, which is that have discussed by this paper. Bangladesh is a land of ice-aged. It has ancient beliefs, fear, and faiths, which are convinced on the inter-ward eyes, concise and understanding. The original people of her are Non-Aryan. Aryans come to here from the Persian and Middle East countries in the caravan of the rules of the chronology, many foreigners who come to Bengal, they are Greeks, Europeans, and Africans, all of them capture Bengali and they rule Bengal. They snatch away their own land, language, culture, economics, politics, beliefs, and love-nets. Here makes up all official religions, someone is downtrodden by them who remake apartheid in the society of Bengal, this is why they are de-throne from their own land, and they try to live as a freedom where they make up folk-religions. Bengalees learn the foreigners’ religions and they convert into these official religions. The rulers of Bengal rule them as following the religious doctrines only for getting votes when they need to play political power playing and that is why they use them. They use many styles of God theory. The Bengalees, they can how to use the orders of God that will be sought out in this paper. This paper seeks that how the cultic dynamics radicalization runs in Bangladesh and what is the best concept of God in Bangladesh. All people live in equal in the land of God in Bangladesh that empirically applies, for the globe.
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Maloni, Ruby. "Surat to Bombay: Transfer of Commercial Power." Itinerario 26, no. 1 (2002): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300004940.
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The island of Bombay is the ancient property of the English East India Company; it hath hitherto been, of all her settlements, the most conducive to the greatness of the nation in Asia; yet, through the splendour of achievement, great acquisition of the territory, and immense harvests of wealth in Bengal and the Coast of Coromandel, it hath been in some measure overlooked, and, as if in a corner of the world, unnoticed.
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Ghosh, Abhishek. "Innate Intuition: An Intellectual History of Sahaja-jñāna and Sahaja Samādhi in Brahmoism and Modern Vaiṣṇavism". Religions 10, № 6 (2019): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10060384.
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This article is about sahaja-jñāna, or ‘innate intuition’, as a form of Brahmo and Vaiṣṇava epistemology—a foundational invention within the development of modern Hinduism. I examine its nineteenth-century intellectual history in Bengal in the works of the Vaiṣṇava theologian Kedarnath Datta Bhaktivinoda (1838–1914) and trace it back to two of his contemporaries, Keshub Chandra Sen (1838–1884) and a senior leader of the Brahmo Samaj whom they both knew, Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905). This relatively understudied yet epistemologically significant term within modern Hinduism has its roots in the pre-colonial sahajiyā movements and bears a conceptual resemblance to the idea of pratibhā in ancient Indian aesthetics, philosophy, and grammar. The idea of sahaja is key among the sahajiyā Vaiṣṇavas, a so-called heterodox group that Western-educated, middle-class Bengali bhadraloks, including Bhaktivinoda, vehemently disassociated themselves from due to the social stigma attached to its sexo-yogic practices. Furthermore, I argue that Bhaktivinoda’s concept of sahaja-jñāna departs significantly from both sahajiyā and Brahmo versions of sahaja-jñāna and represents an innovation within the ambit of Vaiṣṇava Vedanta, which accepts verbal testimony (śabda or śāstra) as the only valid form of epistemology. In documenting the intellectual history of a significant idea, I contend that the bhadralok Bengali Vaiṣṇava leaders arrogate, desexualize, and Vedānticize a term as a form of experimentation during the construction of modern Hinduism.
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Singh, Ajay Kr. "Bhabani Bhattacharya Vs ‘He Who Rides A Tiger’." Journal of Advanced Research in English and Education 05, no. 01 (2021): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.4370.202003.
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Bhabani Bhattacharya’s ‘He Who Rides a Tiger’ is yet another novel of man’s epic struggle against the unjust social equations which are as old as the ancient vedic civilization. It is the story of a blacksmith, Kalo, living in a small town, Jharana, in Bengal, and his daughter, Chandra Lekha. It is set against the backdrop of a widespread famine of Bengal of 1943. Though ‘He Who Rides a Tiger’ and ‘So Many Hungers’ treat the theme of hunger, exploitation and debasement of man, ‘He Who Rides a Tiger’ is no rehash of the latter novel. It launches a scathing critisism on the evil of caste system which has been the bane of Indian society. Arguably the writer’s best novel, it touches the pulse of the irony of Indian social life. The Indian social realities are presented with increasing bitterness within the perspective of the freedom movement. Its greatness as a piece of literature lies in its assertion of tremendous potentialities of the spiritual growth of man, and a thorough exposure of an imperfect social system.
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Podder, S., H. Biswas, G. K. Saha, and S. K. Gupta. "Life cycle of Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tea leaves in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India." Animal Biology 64, no. 4 (2014): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002449.
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The tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.), has been cultivated since ancient time and is host to several pest species that can significant reduce productivity. One such pest species is the tea red spider mite. The life cycle of this species, Oligonychus coffeae, Nienter was studied on tea leaves in Darjeeling under laboratory conditions at 20°C and 65% relative humidity. Observations were recorded on freshly laid eggs on tea leaves and continued until individuals reached adulthood. The eggs required an average of 16.17 days to develop into adults. The average longevity of adult was 28.67 days. Our findings contribute to the understanding of mite abundance and population fluctuations in different seasons and climates, and will hopefully help to devise a management strategy for this pest species.
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Ray, Himanshu Prabha. "Buddhist Monuments Across the Bay of Bengal: Cultural Routes and Maritime Networks." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 7, no. 2 (2019): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2018.17.
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AbstractReligious architecture, often called ‘monuments’ within the current understanding of ancient shrines, are prominent features of the landscape in South and Southeast Asia. Many of these sites are admired for their artistic and aesthetic appeal and are centres of tourism and travel. This paper traces the historical trajectory of three contemporary monuments of Buddhist affiliation across the Bay of Bengal, namely Nalanda in north India, Borobudur in Central Java, and Nakhon Pathom in Central Thailand to address both their distinctiveness and their interconnectedness. The paper also focuses on the extent to which these shrines reflect the religious theories that prevailed between the sixth and the thirteenth centuries AD and are currently known to us through religious texts. It is not often appreciated that ‘collections’ of religious texts, as well as the ‘discovery’ of monuments were mediated through the priorities and practices of European and Western scholars from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The history of the study of Buddhism shows that it centred on religious texts and philosophical doctrines produced by a small group of monastic elites, with little attention paid to the more difficult questions of the contexts underlying textual production and circulation. This paper suggests that it is important to factor in the colonization of South and Southeast Asia into any discussion on the understanding of religions and monuments, as well as current interest in these monuments, which are also World Heritage Sites and associated with present interests in maritime heritage.
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Shirajom Monira Khondker and Nuzaba Binte Kabir. "Architectural Conservation Proposal of Kashinath Bhaban: A Vivid Example of Colonial Architecture in Bengal." Creative Space 7, no. 2 (2020): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2020.72008.
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During the Colonial period, Bangladesh with a rich cultural heritage and cultural identity is vividly conveyed and navigated as an image of power, pride and creativity. For this research study, the authors carefully chosen a unique ancient building named “Kashinath Bhaban” of Panam Nagar. Panam Nagar is an old settlement as a part of Sonargaon area of Bangladesh. This edifice abides the evidence to the style and design of Colonial architecture in Bengal. It is absolute that the whole Panam city including the building Kashinath Bhaban play an important role to represent our cultural heritage or our glorious past. Therefore an urban conservation of Panam Nagar is needed. This study concentrates on the proposal for the architectural conservation of the building Kashinath Bhaban of Panam which have precious and research worthy documentation or information. The overall research study conducted here is focused on the demonstration of the possible directions of architectural conservation which is based on the building’s plan layout, elevations, sectional details, structure as well as construction materials, decoration and ornamentation. For the architectural conservation of the building, here the authors consider restoration procedure as a conservation technique which will help to represent own belief with historical value and cultural exclusivity to the architecture.
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Mahore, Nisha. "PAINTING MENTIONS IN ANCIENT INDIAN TEXTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 11 (2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i11.2019.984.
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Engish : In ancient Indian texts, the rules related to painting are mentioned in detail, in which texts of poetry, drama, epic, Puranas, Upanishads and various disciplines describe their popularity in ancient tradition and cultural methods of Indian painting and public opinion. Apart from this, there are some texts in which free and comprehensive painting has been explained in detail. For example, there are 269 chapters in this book composed by Vishnudharmottara Purana Markandeya. Under which, in the third section, Sanskrit subjects are especially important for the fine arts. In which chapters 1 to 118 are told about art. In this book, nine chapters from 35 to 43 are of Chitrasutra. It is very popular and most notable and well-known. In which detailed information related to the painting is given, which is not found in any other book before it.In the same way, in the epic, Ramayana, Mahabharata, there is a description of paintings on chitrashalas, palaces, chariots and the great dramatist Bhasa has described the paintings in his three plays Swapnavasavadattam, Pratigya Yogandharayana and Dutavakya. Apart from this, painting has also been mentioned in texts like Abhilachirtartha Chintamani, Mansar, Samranga Sutradhar.It is only through these ancient Indian texts that the painter has been able to study the artifacts microscopically. That is, following the rules related to the picture in these texts can be seen in miniature paintings of Ajanta, Mughal, Rajasthan. By following these rules, painters have been able to express their artistry by imbibing expressions like harmony, balance and cooperation, effectiveness in their artworks. The example of which can be seen in the artwork made by Bengal school and artists of Calcutta.
 Hindi : प्राचीन भारतीय ग्रन्थों में चित्रकला से सम्बन्धित नियमों का उल्लेख विस्तृत रूप से मिलता है जिसमें काव्य, नाटक, महाकाव्य, पुराण, उपनिषद् व विभिन्न विषयों के ग्रन्थों द्वारा भारतीय चित्र लेखन की प्राचीन परम्परा व सांस्कृतिक विधियों एवं जनमानस में उनकी लोकप्रियता का वर्णन मिलता है। इसके अतिरिक्त कुछ ऐसे ग्रन्थ भी हैं, जिनमें स्वतन्त्र व व्यापक रूप से चित्रकला की व्याख्या विस्तार रूप से की गयी है। उदाहरण स्वरूप विष्णुधर्मोत्तर पुराण मार्कण्डेय द्वारा रचित इस ग्रन्थ में 269 अध्याय हैं। जिसके अन्तर्गत तीसरे खण्ड में संस्कृत विषयों में विशेषकर ललित कलाओं के लिये सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण हैं। जिसमें अध्याय 1 से लेकर 118 तक कला के बारे में बताया गया है। इसी ग्रन्थ में 35 से 43 तक नौ अध्याय चित्रसूत्र के हैं। यह बहुत चर्चित व सर्वाधिक उल्लेखनीय एवं बहुचर्चित हैं। जिसमें चित्रकला से सम्बन्धित विस्तृत जानकारी दी गयी है, जो इससे पहले अन्य किसी ग्रन्थ में नहीं मिलती।
 इसी तरह से महाकाव्य, रामायण, महाभारत में चित्रशालाओं, महलों, रथों पर चित्रकारी का वर्णन मिलता है व महान नाटकार भास ने अपने तीन नाटकों स्वप्नवासवदत्तम्, प्रतिज्ञा योगंधरायण तथा दूतवाक्य में चित्रों के बारे में बताया है। इसके अलावा अभिलषितार्थ चिन्तामणि, मानसार, समरांगण सूत्रधार जैसे ग्रन्थों में भी चित्रकला का उल्लेख किया गया है।
 इन प्राचीन भारतीय ग्रन्थों के माध्यम से ही आज चित्रकार कलाकृतियों का अध्ययन सूक्ष्मरूप से करने में सक्षम हो सका है। अर्थात् इन ग्रन्थों में चित्र से सम्बन्धित नियमों का पालन अजन्ता, मुगल, राजस्थान के लघु चित्रों में देखा जा सकता है। इन नियमों का पालन करते हुये ही चित्रकार अपनी कलाकृतियों में सामंजस्य, सन्तुलन व सहयोग, प्रभाविता जैसे भावों को आत्मसात करते हुये अपनी कलाकृति को अभिव्यक्त कर पाने में समर्थ हो सके हैं। जिसका उदाहरण बंगाल स्कूल व कलकत्ता के कलाकारों द्वारा बनायी कलाकृतियों में देखा जा सकता है।
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Basak, Suresh Ranjan. "Canonizing the Drapaudis in Mahasweta Devi’s “Draupadi”." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education 9, no. 2 (2020): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jise.v9i2.2522.
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Draupadi, the classical heroine of the Mahabharata, in an unavoidable way, forms the praxis of reference, comparison, and contrast with Mahasweta Devi’s tribal heroine Draupadi. As part of the collective mytho-cultural memory, the ancient lady invokes a process of analogy, and “deconstruction,” to use Spivak’s phrase, as does Mahasweta Devi’s Santal Draupadi against the backdrop of the West Bengal government’s anti-Naxalite campaigns and military operations in the late 1960s and early 1970s (383). This article will initially examine the comparative and contrastive aspects of the two Drapaudis, then attend to Spivak’s notion of complementariness of the latter Draupadi—her being “at once a palimpsest and a contradiction” (388). Finally, it will reach the conclusion that Veda Vaysa’s Draupadi remains a canon like the epic itself while Mahasweta Devi’s unorthodox Draupadi, despite growing under the overpowering shadow of the earlier, canonizes herself in a prototypal way simultaneously recognizing her classical namesake.
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Pal., Mrinmoy. "Wood carving-A sculpturesque technique of ancient crafts and the panoramic view of socio-economic condition of natungram village, West Bengal." International Journal of Advanced Research 4, no. 6 (2016): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/844.
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Shirajom Monira Khondker. "Study of the Distinguishing Features of Mughal Mosque in Dhaka: A Case of Sat Gambuj Mosque." Creative Space 6, no. 2 (2019): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2019.62007.
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Mosque is the main focal point of Islamic spirit and accomplishments. All over the world in the Muslim settlements mosque becomes an edifice of distinct significance which is introduced by Prophet Muhammad (Sm.). Since the initial stage of Islam, Muslim architecture has been developed as the base point of mosque. Mosque architecture in medieval time uncovering clearly its sacred identity especially during the pre-Mughal and Mughal period in Bengal. Dhaka, the capital city of independent Bangladesh, is known as the city of mosques. The Mughal mosques of Dhaka are the exceptional example of mosque architecture wherever the ideas and used materials with distinguishing features have been successfully integrated in the medieval context of Bengal. In this research study, the author selected a unique historical as well as Dhaka’s most iconic Mughal era Mosque named “Sat Gambuj Mosque” (Seven Domed Mosque). The mosque, built in the 17th century, is a glowing illustration of Mughal Architecture with seven bulbous domes crowning the roof of the mosque, covering the main prayer area. It is undoubted that this magnificent ancient Mughal mosque is the material evidence of our glorious past with research worthy features and architectural details. This study is an attempt to identify the tangible distinguishing features of the Mughal mosque as well as the selected outstanding historical Mughal mosque. The overall research study conducted here is focused on the accomplishment of the findings in order to relate those distinguishing features with the Mughal mosque characteristics based on the morphological character, architectural features, structure and decoration which will be represented own belief, historical values and cultural exclusivity to the architecture.
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Sahu, Bhairabi Prasad. "Trade and traders: An exploration into trading communities and their activities in early medieval Odisha." Studies in People's History 6, no. 2 (2019): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448919875282.
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The article makes an effort to locate the emergence of merchant groups in the context of agrarian growth, availability of a marketable surplus, the rise of different types of exchange centres and political enterprises, which must have created their own requirements and facilitated the movement of goods and commodities. It also tries to factor in the transport and communication routes because coastal Odisha had a large hinterland moving up to the Chhattisgarh plains, as also access to southern Bengal and Jharkhand and beyond through the eastern littoral, especially Dandabhukti, among other routes. The rise of transregional states under the Somavaṁśīs and Later Eastern Gangas must have widened the orbit of activity for the regional mercantile groups. Practices and customs followed by the trading communities and their social competence are also investigated. The idea is to situate the developments in the region in the larger context of the issues and debates in the field of ancient and early medieval India. This essay is largely based on inscriptional sources and charts developments up to the fifteenth century.
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Conrad, Sebastian. "Greek in Their Own Way: Writing India and Japan into the World History of Architecture at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." American Historical Review 125, no. 1 (2020): 19–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhz1224.
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Abstract At the turn of the twentieth century, two architects—Itō Chūta in Japan and Rajendralal Mitra in Bengal—sought to counter Eurocentric accounts of aesthetic modernity by insisting on the inclusion of Japanese and Indian building traditions in the world history of architecture. In different and indeed opposing ways, they mobilized the idea of classical Greece; while Itō saw ancient Japanese buildings as directly influenced by Greek models, Mitra denied any such connections. Beyond these differences, however, both scholars were aligned in their effort to use references to “Greece” in order to claim equivalence for their native architecture on a world stage. While invoking a Eurocentric standard to battle Eurocentrism may sound paradoxical, this article shows that a confluence of global forces went into the making of this late Victorian moment of imperial universalism. The globality of the standards both actors referred to should not be imagined as the result of a gradual spread and diffusion from a European center. Rather, actors constantly invented and co-produced these standards as they resonated both with global change and with social dynamics locally.
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Sarker, Archishman. "Reflections on the material and making of an image in ancient/early-medieval northern Bengal (Varendrī region) during the Pāla-Sena period (6th-13th C.E.)." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2019): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.4.1.30.
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Shamsuddoha, Md, and Ms Rifat Jahan. "Santal Community in Bangladesh: A Socio-historical Analysis." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 5, no. 2 (2018): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v5i2.339.
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The Santals are one of the most ancient indigenous communities in Bangladesh. Many historians denote them as the earliest settlers in greater Bengal. They mainly belong to Austro-Asiatic group of pre-Aryan settlers. Being the indigenous community of the country, they should have been more influential and developed. But the reality is different. Santals are deprived of stately rights and privileges in many aspects. It has a historical legacy of isolation and clash. As Santals live isolated from mainland people, proper attention was never given to them. Rather they were tortured and oppressed both by colonial and post-colonial rulers, which led them to launch many resistances. But ultimately those resistances could not completely stop the deprivation. In spite of all these challenges, Santals are still struggling to uphold their socio-cultural tradition. The absence of written document in Santal society created a paucity of information in the reconstruction of their history. Therefore, secondary source was mainly used in this research. This study tries to explore the social customs, livelihood and cultural features of Santal community keeping a special focus on the historical development. It indicates that they have historically been deprived in many ways, but they are still able to uphold their distinct cultural features in most of the cases.
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Damodaran, Vinita. "Ancient Rights and Future Comforts, Bihar, the Bengal Tenancy act of 1885 and British rule in India. By Peter Robb. pp. 378. Richmond, Curzon Press, 1997." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 9, no. 1 (1999): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300016084.
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Chaudhuri, B. B. "Book Reviews : PETER ROBB, Ancient Rights and Future Comfort in Bihar: The Bengal Tenancy Act of 1885 and British Rule in India, Curzon Press, Richmond, 1997, pp. 378." Indian Economic & Social History Review 36, no. 4 (1999): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946469903600410.
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Shu'aibu, G. A., J. Kabir, J. U. Umoh, M. A. Raji, A. O. Tijjani, and G. A. Umaru. "Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in sheep in Maigana and Birnin Gwari agro-ecological zones of Kaduna State, Nigeria." Nigerian Veterinary Journal 39, no. 3 (2018): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v39i3.7.
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Brucellosis is an ancient and one of the world’s most widespread zoonotic diseases affecting public health and animal production. A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling was conducted between May and December, 2016 in Maigana and Birnin Gwari Agro-ecological zones of Kaduna State to determine the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in sheep. In addition the risk factors associated with sero-positivity in sheep were also assessed. A total of 400 sera samples comprised of 141 from males and 259 from females sheep were collected and screened for the presence of Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Sera analysis revealed that, 16.5% and 10.8% were seropositive to Brucella infection by RBPT and cELISA, respectively. There was statistically significant association between sex of the sheep and seropositivity to Brucella infection using RBPT (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, no statistically significant association between the age and breed of sheep and seropositivity to Brucella infection using RBPT and cELISA, respectively (P > 0.05). This study shows evidence of Brucella infection with high prevalence mainly among female sheep and the disease can be considered as a potential risk for both susceptible animals and humans in the study area. Therefore, creating awareness about brucellosis, interdisciplinary partnership and complementary effort between veterinary and public health professionals is very important to control the transmission of brucellosis.Keywords: Brucellosis, Kaduna State, Sheep, Sero-prevalence
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Liaqat, Qurratulaen. "War Afflicted Beings: Myth-Ecological Discourse of the Play Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo by Rajiv Joseph // Seres afligidos por la guerra: Discurso mito-ecológico de la obra Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo de Rajiv Joseph." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 9, no. 2 (2018): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2018.9.2.2306.
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Every war has grave repercussions for both the human and non-human elements in the geographical location where it erupts. Dramatic productions like Rajiv Joseph’s Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo (2009) highlight the consequences of war on the ecosystem of the conflict-stricken vicinity of Baghdad city. In the play, the chaotic world portrayed is an ecocentric site where the ghost of a tiger talks and the destruction of the garden, of Baghdad city and of human values are lamented. To illustrate the hazards of human conflict, Joseph incorporates ancient myths with the tragedy of the Iraq war to raise issues related to Eco-theology, Zoo-criticism, Speciesism, Green Criticism, Eco-Feminism and Environmental Racism against the backdrop of the Iraq War. The author integrates Grail legends, Greek mythology and monotheistic religious texts in the play’s structure to draw attention to the impending environmental doom. For example, the garden in the play reminds us of Biblical gardens, the assault of a virgin brings to mind Ovid’s story of Philomela’s rape, and the quest for a golden toilet seat in the desert is a clear indication of the Grail motif in the play’s narrative. All these instances insinuate the embedded mythical patterns and the current era’s indifference to the safety of our fellow species. Moreover, the play does not only hint at war crimes, but also refers to the overall structure of the world as an outcome of human negligence and insensitivity towards the environment. In short, the play is a myth-ecological narrative of the dilapidated ecology of the contemporary world. Resumen Toda guerra tiene graves repercusiones para los elementos humanos y no humanos de la ubicación geográfica en la que estalla. Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo (2009), de Rajiv Joseph, es una obra de teatro en la que se destacan las consecuencias de la guerra en el ecosistema de las zonas afectadas por conflictos en la ciudad de Bagdad. El mundo caótico retratado es un sitio ecocéntrico en el que habla el fantasma de un tigre, y en el que se lamenta la destrucción del jardín, la ciudad de Bagdad y los valores humanos. Joseph incorpora los mitos antiguos a la tragedia de la guerra de Irak para plantear temas relacionados con la ecoteología, la zoología, la crítica verde, el ecofeminismo y el racismo ambiental en el contexto de la guerra de Iraq. El autor integra las leyendas del Grial, la mitología griega y textos religiosos monoteístas en la estructura de la obra con el fin de llamar la atención sobre el inminente apocalipsis ambiental. Por ejemplo, el jardín de la obra nos recuerda a los jardines bíblicos; el asalto de una virgen en la obra nos hace recordar la historia de la violación de Filomela, narrada por Ovidio; y la búsqueda de un inodoro dorado en el desierto es una clara alusión al motivo del Grial en la narrativa de la obra. Todos estos ejemplos insinúan los modelos míticos incrustados en la obra, y la indiferencia de la era actual hacia la seguridad de los demás seres humanos. La obra no solo insinúa crímenes de guerra, sino que también se refiere a la estructura general del mundo como resultado de la negligencia humana y la insensibilidad hacia el medio ambiente. En resumen, la obra es una narración mito-ecológica sobre la ecología dilapidada del mundo contemporáneo.
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Bomer, Edwin J., Carol A. Wilson, and Dilip K. Datta. "An Integrated Approach for Constraining Depositional Zones in a Tide-Influenced River: Insights from the Gorai River, Southwest Bangladesh." Water 11, no. 10 (2019): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102047.
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The tidal to fluvial transition (TFT) of estuaries and coastal rivers is one of the most complex environments on Earth with respect to the transportation and deposition of sediment, owing in large part to competing fluvial and marine processes. While there have been recent advances in the stratigraphic understanding of the TFT, it is still unclear whether these findings are site-specific or representative of mixed tidal-fluvial systems worldwide. Yet, research from this depositional domain holds profound societal and economic importance. For instance, understanding the underlying stratigraphic architecture of channel margins is critical for assessing geomorphic change for fluvio-deltaic settings, which are generally vulnerable to lateral channel migration and resultant erosion. Findings would also benefit paleo-geographic reconstructions of ancient tide-influenced successions and provide an analog for hydrocarbon reservoir models. In the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta of Bangladesh, the Gorai River is one of two Ganges distributaries actively connected to the Bay of Bengal. With fluvial input from the Ganges and meso-scale (2–4 m range) tides at the coast, the Gorai exhibits a variety of hydrodynamic regimes across its 350-km reach, providing a unique opportunity to investigate along-channel depositional patterns across the TFT. This study integrates multiple datasets—core sedimentology, river channel bathymetry, and remote sensing—to provide a process-based framework for determining the relative position of sedimentary deposits within the tidal-fluvial continuum of the Gorai River. The results of this investigation reveal coincident, abrupt shifts in river channel morphology and sediment character, suggesting the occurrence of backwater-induced mass extraction of relatively coarse sediments (i.e., fine sand). Despite being situated in an energetic tidal environment, evidence of tidal cyclicity in cored sediments is relatively rare, and the bulk stratigraphy appears strongly overprinted by irregularly spaced cm- to dm-scale sediment packages, likely derived from monsoonal flood pulses. Such findings differ from previously-studied mixed tidal-fluvial systems and underscore the site-specific complexities associated with this depositional domain.
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ANITHA, B., and M. RAVICHAND. "A Mother! A Myth: Portrayal Of A Mother In Mahasweta Devi’s “Breast Giver”." Think India 22, no. 2 (2019): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8747.
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In Indian culture, Vedas and Upanishads take a prominent place and are considered as ancient. These ancient scriptures teach us that “Maathru Devo Bhava” (Web) which means a mother is thefirst god and ought to be given utmost respects. This verse proves to be absurd inMahasweta Devi’s short story “Breast Giver”. Mahasweta Devi was a Bengali Fiction writer. In her writings, subaltern predicaments occupy a central position in general and the woman in particular. Her most accolade works are Hajar Churashir Maa, Rudali, and Aranyer Adhikar. “Breast Giver” is originally written in Bengali and translated into English by a feminist critic, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. In the present story, Mahasweta Devi brings in the predicaments of a woman who sacrifices her life for bringing up the family as a bread winner and breathed her last as an orphan.The title of the story is used as a synonym for wet nurse. The present paper interprets “Breast Giver” from the point of view of power relations suggested by Michel Foucault (1926-1984) a Psychologist, a Philosopher, and a Historian.
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LEELANANDAM, C., K. BURKE, L. D. ASHWAL, and S. J. WEBB. "Proterozoic mountain building in Peninsular India: an analysis based primarily on alkaline rock distribution." Geological Magazine 143, no. 2 (2006): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756805001664.
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Peninsular India was assembled into a continental block c. 3 million km2 in area as a result of collisions throughout the length of a 4000 km long S-shaped mountain belt that was first recognized from the continuity of strike of highly deformed Proterozoic granulites and gneisses. More recently the recognition of a variety of tectonic indicators, including occurrences of ophiolitic slivers, Andean-margin type rocks, a collisional rift and a foreland basin, as well as many structural and isotopic age studies have helped to clarify the history of this Great Indian Proterozoic Fold Belt. We here complement those studies by considering the occurrence of deformed alkaline rocks and carbonatites (DARCs) in the Great Indian Proterozoic Fold Belt. One aim of this study is to test the recently published idea that DARCs result from the deformation of alkaline rocks and carbonatites (ARCs) originally intruded into intra-continental rifts and preserved on rifted continental margins. The suggestion is that ARCs from those margins are transformed into DARCs during continental, or arc–continental, collisions. If that idea is valid, DARCs lie on rifted continental margins and on coincident younger suture zones; they occur in places where ancient oceans have both opened and closed. Locating sutures within mountain belts has often proved difficult and has sometimes been controversial. If the new idea is valid, DARC distributions may help to reduce controversy. This paper concentrates on the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa, where alkaline rock occurrences are best known. Less complete information from Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Bihar and Rajasthan has enabled us to define a line of 47 unevenly distributed DARCs with individual outcrop lengths of between 30 m and 30 km that extends along the full 4000 km length of the Great Indian Proterozoic Fold Belt. Ocean opening along the rifted margins of the Archaean cratons of Peninsular India may have begun by c. 2.0 Ga and convergent plate margin phenomena have left records within the Great Indian Proterozoic Fold Belt and on the neighbouring cratons starting at c. 1.8 Ga. Final continental collisions were over by 0.55 Ga, perhaps having been completed at c. 0.75 Ga or at c. 1 Ga. Opening of an ocean at the Himalayan margin of India by c. 0.55 Ga removed an unknown length of the Great Indian Proterozoic Fold Belt. In the southernmost part of the Indian peninsula, a line of DARCs, interpreted here as marking a Great Indian Proterozoic Fold Belt suture, can be traced within the Southern Granulite Terrain almost to the Achankovil-Tenmala shear zone, which is interpreted as a strike-slip fault that also formed at c. 0.55 Ga.
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Senelick, Laurence. "Russian Enterprise, Bengali Theatre, and the Machinations of the East India Company." New Theatre Quarterly 28, no. 1 (2012): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x12000024.
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Was the father of Bengali theatre a Russian? Or were the brief adventures in India of Gerasim Stepanovich Lebedev (1749–1817) ‘a mere blip on the screen of Bengali performance history’? Already widely travelled in Europe, Lebedev, influenced by the then current belief that India was the cradle of civilization, arrived in Madras in 1785 during the virtual hegemony of the East India Company in the sub-continent. Inspired by his attempts to master the ancient Sanskrit tongue, he eventually set up a Bengali company in opposition to the New Playhouse in Calcutta, which staged English plays for audiences of colonists. Initial success was tempered when Lebedev's company found itself the target of attack from the Playhouse, and subject to continuous legal harassment. Forced to take flight from his supposed creditors, Lebedev found security only when, under the more tolerant regime which followed the accession of Tsar Alexander I in 1801, he returned to his native land, where he laid the foundations for the scientific study of India in Russia. Laurence Senelick here traces the many ups and downs of Lebedev's career, and argues that ‘his theatrical activities are a cynosure for the controlling urges of his age’.
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Sircar, Jawhar. "Rammohun Roy: His contribution to the making of India." Studies in People's History 7, no. 1 (2020): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448920908244.
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Rammohun Roy was the first Indian to use the English language to communicate his views on religious, social, and political issues. He also was possibly the first to make Bengali prose his vehicle to communicate his message. The essential message he wished to convey was that of rationalism and of an anxiety to convey Western advances in knowledge, especially science, to his fellow countrymen. He thus preferred English to Sanskrit education. His fight against sati was based not only on a call for humanity but also on a reform of traditional Hinduism and improvement of the position of women. His knowledge of Arabic and Persian made him appreciate the monotheistic message of Islam, which he also saw in ancient Hinduism, notably the Upanishads. Despite his own position as a large landholder, he wished to protect peasants from oppression and argued that rents payable by peasants should also be fixed at a low figure, just as the tax imposed on the landlord had been fixed under the Permanent Settlement.
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Basu, Ratan Lal. "ECO-ETHICAL VIEWS OF TAGORE AND AMARTYA SEN." Revista Científica Arbitrada de la Fundación MenteClara 3, no. 1 (2018): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32351/rca.v3.1.39.
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Desde que se otorgó el Premio Nobel de Economía a Amartya Sen, se han hecho muchos esfuerzos por destacar el pasado de Sen Shantiniketan y la afinidad de su visión mundial con la de Rabindranath Tagore. Desafortunadamente, es probable que un análisis más profundo revele que los puntos de vista de Amartya Sen -basados en el mundo occidental- sean diametralmente opuestos a los de Tagore -basado en la antigua perspectiva india mundial-, particularmente en lo que respecta al desarrollo sostenible y la vida ética humana. Este artículo se esfuerza por resaltar los aspectos contrastantes de las visiones del mundo de dos galardonados con el Premio Nobel de Bengala.AbstractEver since the Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Amartya Sen, there has been much endeavour to highlight Sen’s Shantiniketan background and affinity of his world outlook with that of Rabindranath Tagore. Unfortunately, a deeper analysis is likely to reveal that Amartya Sen’s views (based on western world-outlook) are diametrically opposed to that of Tagore (based on ancient Indian world-outlook), particularly as regards sustainable development and eco-ethical human living. This article endeavours to highlight these contrasting aspects of the world-outlooks of two Bengali Nobel Laureates.
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Reshu, Virmani, Virmani Tarun, Singh Satbir, Mahlawat Geeta, and Mittal Girish. "Hidden Potential of Doob Grass- An Indian Traditional Drug." Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences in Volume 4, Issue 3: July 2018- September 2018 4, no. 3 (2018): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2018.v04i03.13.
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Medicinal plants are rich in several potential drugs and it carries healthier and harmless alternate to synthetic system of drugs. Plant Cynodon dactylon (L.) (doob/ bermuda grass) family (Graminae/Poaceae) is one of them. It is a perennial grass circulated all over the world, and particularly it is native to the high temperate and tropical regions. In various states of India doob grass is known by different names like Durva (Marathi), Arukampillu (Tamil), Durba (Bengali), Dhro (Gujarati), Shataparva (Sanskrit), Garichgaddi (Telugu) etc. It is the second most holy plant of Hindu religious after Tulsi (Oscimum sanctum). It has various medicinal values and it is used in the treatment of various types of diseases in the form of various dosage forms like powder, paste or extracts. The plant of C. dactylon has a variety of biological activities like antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial and specially wound healing properties. Furthermore, it has been broadly used in ancient medicines to treat various problems such as hypertension, epilepsy, cough, diarrhoea, headache, cramps, dropsy, dysentery, hemorrhage, hysteria, measles, snakebite, sores, stones urogenital disorders, tumors, and warts (outer growth on the skin). The herb contains crude proteins, carbohydrates, and mineral constituents, oxides of magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, sodium and potassium. The herb has β-sitosterol and β-carotoene, triterpinoids, vitamin C, cartone, palmitic acid, alkaloids, ergonovine and ergonovinine. The aim of this review is to produce an interest for further investigations of the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of this herb.
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Yang, Ming, Jianghe Luo, Yan Li, and Limian Xu. "Systems Pharmacology-Based Research on the Mechanism of Tusizi-Sangjisheng Herb Pair in the Treatment of Threatened Abortion." BioMed Research International 2020 (July 21, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4748264.
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Threatened abortion (TA) is a common complication with high incidence in the first trimester of pregnancy, which will end in miscarriage if not treated properly. The Chinese herbs Cuscutae Semen (Tusizi in Chinese) and Herba Taxilli (Sangjisheng in Chinese) first recorded in the ancient classic medical book Shennong Bencao Jing are effective and widely used as an herb pair for the treatment of TA, while the active ingredients and the functional mechanism of Tusizi-Sangjisheng herb pair treating TA are still unknown. In order to exploit the relationship between those two herbs and TA, systems pharmacology analysis was carried out in this study. A total of 75 ingredients of Tusizi-Sangjisheng were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). 12 bioactive compounds were screened, and 153 directly related targets were predicted by systematic models. Besides, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to systematically explore the potential mechanisms of Tusizi-Sangjisheng treating TA. Meanwhile, Compound-Target (C-T), Target-Disease (T-D), and Target-Pathway (T-P) networks were constructed to further quest the underlying functional mechanisms of Tusizi-Sangjisheng. As a result, 31 targets and 3 key pathways were found to be directly related to TA that includes mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways. The results in this study may provide some valuable clues about the molecular mechanisms of the efficient Chinese herb pair Tusizi-Sangjisheng in the treatment of TA.
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Li, Chun, Xia Du, Yang Liu, et al. "A Systems Pharmacology Approach for Identifying the Multiple Mechanisms of Action for the Rougui-Fuzi Herb Pair in the Treatment of Cardiocerebral Vascular Diseases." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (January 13, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5196302.
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Cardiocerebral vascular diseases (CCVDs) are the main reasons for high morbidity and mortality all over the world, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, and so on. Chinese herbs pair of the Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Chinese name, rougui) and the Aconitum carmichaelii Debx (Chinese name, fuzi) can be effective in CCVDs, which is recorded in the ancient classic book Shennong Bencao Jing, Mingyibielu and Thousand Golden Prescriptions. However, the active ingredients and the molecular mechanisms of rougui-fuzi in treatment of CCVDs are still unclear. This study was designed to apply a system pharmacology approach to reveal the molecular mechanisms of the rougui-fuzi anti-CCVDs. The 163 candidate compounds were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). And 84 potential active compounds and the corresponding 42 targets were obtained from systematic model. The underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic effect for rougui-fuzi were investigated with gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Then, component-target-disease (C-T-D) and target-pathway (T-P) networks were constructed to further dissect the core pathways, potential targets, and active compounds in treatment of CCVDs for rougui-fuzi. We also constituted protein-protein in interaction (PPI) network by the reflect target protein of the crucial pathways against CCVDs. As a result, 21 key compounds, 8 key targets, and 3 key pathways were obtained for rougui-fuzi. Afterwards, molecular docking was performed to validate the reliability of the interactions between some compounds and their corresponding targets. Finally, UPLC-Q-Exactive-MSE and GC-MS/MS were analyzed to detect the active ingredients of rougui-fuzi. Our results may provide a new approach to clarify the molecular mechanisms of Chinese herb pair in treatment with CCVDs at a systematic level.
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Lahari.Sidde, Lahari Sidde, Motte Sushma Motte.Sushma, and Bandi Jayanthi Bandi.Jayanthi. "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND IN-VITRO PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF OCIMUM KILIMANDSCHARICUM EXTRACT." World Journal of Current Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, July 4, 2020, 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37022/wjcmpr.vi.143.
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Ocimum kilimandscharicum is a short herb, native to India. In traditional medicine, it is used to treat various ailments including colds, coughs, abdominal pains, measles and diarrhea. Medicative plants, the “back bone” of ancient medication which implies over 3.3 billion folks within the less developed countries utilize medicative plants on an everyday basis. Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke (Syn. Ocimum camphora Guerke) belongs to family Lamiaceae. It is a native of Kenya and distributed in East Africa, India, Thailand, Uganda and Tanzania. It is extensively grown in the Tropics. In India it is cultivated on a small scale, especially in West Bengal, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Dehradun. .The present study is aimed to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory, assessment was carried out on the basis of parameters such as heat induced protein denaturation, heat induced haemolysis, and Hypotonicity induced haemolysis. The standard drug was Diclofenac sodium. The findings of the present study showed that the 500 µg/ml of Ethanolic extraction of Ocimum kilimandscharicum ( EEOK) showed more percentage inhibition when compared to standard. On the basis of results, it can be concluded that Ethanolic extraction of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (EEOK) showed significant anti- inflammatory activity.
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Sukumaran, Prabhin, Dhananjay A. Sant, K. Krishnan, Govindan Rangarajan, Nathani Basavaiah, and Jean-Luc Schwenninger. "Multi-Proxy Records of Late Holocene Flood Events From the Lower Reaches of the Narmada River, Western India." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (April 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.634354.
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Analyses of a fluvial sedimentary sequence from the lower reaches of the Narmada River establish a record of rhythmic cycles of sediment facies that represent floods during the late Holocene. The south-west Indian monsoon strongly influences the study area, and heavy rainfall or cyclones which originate from either the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea, also affect the region. Optically stimulated luminescence dating places the 8 m thick sediment sequence in the climate transition phase which ranges from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. Multi-proxy analyses including high-resolution granulometry, magnetic susceptibility, ferromagnetic mineral concentration, facies major oxide geochemistry, and micro-fossil records (from two sedimentary units) are used to study these late Holocene flood events. The latter are characterised by multiple sediment facies, depositional events, changes in channel morphology, and distinctive flood signatures. Integration of these records enables to identify two distinct aggradations viz. phase I and phase II, as well as a relative change in channel morphology. The study describes 11 flooding events and their imprints over multi-proxy records. Historic documents and instrumental records from the town of Bharuch referring to floods, movement of channel sand, channel shallowing, and the dysfunction of the ancient port of Bharuch further validate the inferences drawn from the sedimentary sequence. The study exemplifies the need to use high resolution and multi-proxy studies to interpret paleoflood records and climate signatures in order to build archives of monsoonal rivers.
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Ahmed, B. S., M. G. Osmani, A. K. M. A. Rahman, et al. "Economic impact of caprine and ovine brucellosis in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, January 10, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33109/bjvmjd1805.
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Background: Brucellosis is one of the ancient re-emerging zoonotic diseases which play a significant economic impact on public health and livestock sector. Many studies were carried out on the epidemiology of the disease recently but economic importance was not focused on those studies. This study was conducted to determine the true prevalence and economic impact of caprine and ovine brucellosis in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study covering all upazilas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh was conducted during the period from January to December, 2016. The data related to age, sex, abortion record and reproduction disorders were also collected on the sampling day using a questionnaire. Blood samples ( n=2593) were collected from randomly selected native goat and sheep where Rose Bengal Test, Rapid Brucella AB test kit and MAb-ELISA (Monoclonal antibody based blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) were used to identify the positive reactors. Results: The prevalence of caprine and ovine brucellosis was estimated to be 1.6% whereas it was found to be 1.56% and 1.64 % in goats and sheep respectively. The prevalence data was incorporated to the economic model to quantify the financial loss due to brucellosis. The total losses attributed to the disease was 48436400 taka (605455 US$) annually in the district whereas 46462900 taka (580786.25 US$) and 1973500 taka (24668.75 US$) in goat and sheep respectively. Conclusions: The study concluded that brucellosis silently constitutes economic loss to the economy of the country and the producers due to insufficient knowledge and inadequate diagnostic facilities, lack of awareness and an effective prevention and control strategy.
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"RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT STORAGE CONTAINERS IN RICE GENOTYPES DURING STORAGE." American International Journal of Agricultural Studies, February 1, 2021, 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijas.v4i1.277.
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Rice is the staple food of more than half the world’s population and is being cultivated in Asia since ancient time’s generation after generation. Good quality seeds are the seeds of the green revolution, it has been assertively and emphatically shown that 15-20% increased yield could be achieved by the use of good quality seeds alone. Good quality seed is one of the most important requirements for production and supply to achieve higher production and productivity in any crop. The seed quality is depended on various factors Viz. genetic, edaphic, environmental, biotic, etc. Good quality seed production depends on complex conditions evoking the most favorable interactions between the genetic makeup of the seed and the environment, under which it is produced, harvested, processed, and stored. Seeds undergo deterioration at various levels during storage resulting in a decline in vigor and viability. With the above considerations, the present investigation has been undertaken to observe the potentials of ten rice genotypes and observed its seed quality after harvesting in 2016-2017 at Seed Testing Laboratory, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India. Just after harvesting G2 (Gobindabhog) and G9 (IR-36) showed highest germination percentage (97.66) and G9 (IR-36) showed highest Vigor index (3204.13). But most of the varieties germination and vigor were nearer to G2 & G9. Among the containers with seed moisture content aluminum foil packet with seed moisture content, 8% is the best storage container for rice among the other containers as up to one-year storage vigor index was observed highest in that conditions.
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Rabha, Bhupen. "Edible Insects as tribal food among the Rabhas of Assam." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 3, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v3.n2.p16.
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Insects are highly specialized group belonging to the largest animal phyla, Arthropoda. It is in folk mind of the people that they are enemies of mankind but there are number of insects which are beneficial to man in a number of ways so much so that same can be considered more or less indispensible to man. Edible insects are a natural renewable resource that provides food to many ethnic groups abroad and North East India too. Some of these species are overexploited because of increased consumption, caused by the huge human population growth in the area. The rural people hunt or collect different kinds of resources, in order to have more means to satiate their hunger, but the quantity or quality of foods found is unequal depending on the place, season and people seeking these foods. Insects are a healthy, nutritious and a savoury meal. Species of insects are collectedaccording to their seasonal presence and abundance. Most people in developed countries dislike or hesitate to consume them – probably because they are repulsed by the appearance of insects, not their taste.Tribal people especially Rabha people of Assam have chosen to take entomophagy as a sustainable source of food as it has been using since ancient times, a knowledge which has been passed down from generation to generation through word of mouth. The Rabhas are a tribe belonging to the great Bodo family and scattered in parts of lower Assam, Kamrup district, Goalpara district, parts of West Bengal and Meghalaya. Some edible insects consumed by Rabha people in lower Assam in India are cricket, grasshoppers, water giant bug (Bellostoma) termites, red ants, beetle larvae, pupa of insects, water skater (Gerridaec) etc. Edible insects, among the Rabhas, are not used as emergency during food shortages, but are included as a planned part of the diet throughout the year or when seasonally available. Insects can be accepted favourably in the future by processing and mixing them with other foodstuffs.
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Roy, Debasish Singha, Subhasish Maity, Writtik Maity, Somnath De, and Dulal Chandra Das. "Evaluation of Phytochemical Content, Antibacterial Properties and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Andrographis echioidies (L) Nees." European Journal of Medicinal Plants, February 7, 2020, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i130199.
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Background: There is much investigation with the Andrographis paniculata which is a very well-known medicinal plant, people were using this plant from ancient years, but this another species Andrographis echioides was not explored too much for many years. In this study we tried to find out the important phyto constitiuents, antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory activity of this plant.
 Aim: The main aim of the present study, was to screen phytochemical derivatives from an Indian medicinal plant Andrographis echioides (L) Nees and to evaluate the antibacterial potential, and anti-inflammatory activity also.
 Study Design: Various tests or experiment was done in this study according to the review of the literature with little modification, a preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out in the plant extracts using qualitative methods. The whole plant of Anrographis echioides was subjected to soxhlet extraction using organic solvent of methanol, acetone, and petroleum ether. The antibacterial activity of acetone, methanol and petroleum ether whole plant extracts of Andrographis echioides was carried out using agar well diffusion method, anti-inflammatory activity was checked using fresh egg albumin method, and a statistical analysis was done using SPSS to prove that there is a strong correlation between the activity of our plant sample and a standard commercial drug (NASID).
 Place and Duration of the Study: The whole study was done in Panskura Banamali College, Vidyasagar University, Department of Biotechnology sponsored by BOOST, Louis Pasteur laboratory, West Bengal, India. The study was done between 17th August 2018 - 30th February 2019. 
 Results: All these tests were done triplicate and the mean value was taken. The phytochemical analysis reveals that the plant has some important phytoconstituents such as Tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides and terpenoids. The Acetone and Methanol extracts are showed the best zone of inhibition against the severe pathogens such as S. aureus (A.E-33 mm, M.E-28 mm), S. typhi (A.E- 26.67 mm, M.E-28.33 mm). The methanolic extract of Andrographis echioides showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity comparing to the NASID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Diclofenac sodium, it showed almost same activity.
 Conclusion: Experimental findings reveal Andrographis echioides is the best herbal to control specially S. typhi, E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae. The phytochemical constituents which are responsible for many pharmacological activities, may be useful for the evolution of pharmaceutical and for the therapy of ailments, and also can used as a an potent anti-inflammatory natural remedy without any side effect.
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Naicker, Suren. "Reflections on Decoloniality from a South African Indian Perspective: Conceptual Metaphors in Vivekananda’s Poem “My Play Is Done”." Education as Change 24 (December 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1947-9417/7819.
Full textAbstract:
Swami Vivekananda was an influential Indian saint, poet, philosopher and political revolutionary. His work can be seen as a conduit for South African Hindus who are part of the Indian diaspora, allowing them to connect with their historical, cultural and spiritual roots in the religious and conceptual world of India. The first step to decolonising those who have been subjected to colonial hegemony is to (re)connect them with their intellectual and spiritual roots, and it is argued here that this is precisely the zeitgeist behind Vivekananda’s life and mission in general. His poetry is particularly valuable because he wrote in English, instead of his native Bengali, and was thereby able to reach English-speaking Hindus all over the world. In 1936 Indians in South Africa decided to adopt English as a lingua franca, both as a language of teaching and learning, and as a home language. This article focuses on one of these poems, “My Play Is Done”, which Vivekananda composed in 1895 in New York. The poem presents the human condition from a Hindu perspective, which differs substantially from the Western way of thinking. This article explores these concepts within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory. With reference to metaphors used in the poem, various aspects of Hindu philosophical thought will be explored, showing how Oriental conceptual reality differs from Western thought. This provides a link to an ancient precolonial way of thinking, accessible to diasporas around the world.