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Sapsford, M. "The use of sodium salt deposits in medical and medically associated industries in Ancient Egypt." Thesis, Department of Applied Science, Security and Resilience, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4009.
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The utilisation of minerals in Ancient Egyptian medicine from procurement
through to use is examined here in a case study investigating the role of sodium
salts. The sodium salts, salt and natron are two of the three most commonly
used minerals in the Egyptian pharmacopeia. The results of the project are
important to medical historians and archaeomineralogists alike in that they
formulate a systematic understanding of the way in which minerals were used in
medical and medically associated industries.
Key sources of salt and natron were examined and the Wadi Natrun was
identified as the probable main site of natrun exploitation. A comprehensive
study conducted of this area involved examining sources of a historical
geographical nature and analysis of mineralogical samples gathered from
fieldwork in the Wadi Natrun.
From the source of exploitation, natron and salt were sold to the Egyptians to be
used in a number of everyday industries as well as for their use in medical and
medically associated industries. Salt and natron were found to be used for their
astringent and cleansing qualities, and are still being used in traditional medical
formulations. Prescription replication showed that these substances worked
effectively. Additional research into medically associated industries showed
commonality between sodium salts use between all three industries
investigated.
The results of this research shows that a comprehensive study of the use of
minerals in medicine could be established. Primary sites of exploitation of both
salt and natron were identified, and minerals from theses sites were categorised
and identified. The results showed that the chemical nature of these deposits
had changed in the last 2000 years. The results also demonstrate reasons why the language surrounding the term natron needed to be revised. These results
have implications for both archaeology and the history of medicine.
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Ferreira, Andriette. "The legal rights of the women of ancient Egypt." Diss., [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://etd.unisa.ac.za/ETD-db/ETD-desc/describe?urn=etd-03112005-145236.
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Hvastija, Darka, and Jasna Kos. "Project work Is the Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome really the Cradle of European Civilization?" Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80221.
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In this paper the project for 15-year-old students with the title Ancient Greece and Rome and the sub-title Is the Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome really the Cradle of European Civilization? is introduced. It shows how to connect mathematics with art, history, physics, geography and philosophy by studying ancient Greek scientists
and their achievements. Collaborative teaching is introduced. The major aim of the project was to show mathematics as a part of human civilization and to follow its development through history. Some topics from theory of numbers and geometry were studied. One part of the project was also a theatre performance, which
should make the students aware of the difficulties of many dedicated mathematicians to find the answers to some problems from the ancient times.
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Bronn, Johanna Aletta. "Foreign rulers of the Nile : a reassessment of the cultural contribution of the Hyksos in Egypt." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1899.
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Thesis (MPhil (Ancient Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.The time between the Middle and New Kingdoms in Ancient Egypt is known as the Second Intermediate Period. It was the time during which Egypt, for the first time in its history, lost autonomy and the inhabitants of Egypt became the vassals of the Hyksos, a name transcribed by Manetho, a historian of the third century BCE as 'shepherd kings', but which actually designated 'princes of foreign lands'. The term 'Hyksos' at first referred to the rulers only, but later became the accepted word to indicate the rulers, the people themselves and everything pertaining to them. The Hyksos were not a homogenous race, but were a conglomerate of peoples from the Near East. For centuries people from the east had been filtering into Egypt. Transhumants and nomads came in search of pasture for their animals and elected to stay. Others were employed by the Egyptian administration as ship-builders and mining engineers or as workers in the copper and turquoise mines in the Sinai. These workers were all settled in the Delta, the hub of mining and shipbuilding activities. Others were slaves who were dispersed all over Egypt as workers in households and on farms. Despite Egypt's best efforts to keep out Asiatics who wanted to enter the country of their own volition, their fortresses on the border between Egypt and Sinai proved ineffective, especially when the Egyptian administration faltered and collapsed during the Seventeenth Dynasty. It is still a point debated by historians whether a strong military force from the East overran Egypt in c.1658 BCE or whether the transition from Egyptian rule to Hyksos rule was a gradual and comparatively peaceful process. There is evidence that the Hyksos were supported by many Egyptians who collaborated with the Hyksos and who even served in the Hyksos administration which lasted from c. 1658 – 1550 BCE. However, the vassal princes in Upper Egypt saw the Hyksos as usurpers and amassed forces to expel the enemy. This they achieved in c. 1550 BCE, after which it was possible to once again unite Upper and Lower Egypt. This thesis probes the rule of the Hyksos and the influence they might have had on Egyptian culture. Part One (chapters 2-7) deals with the Hyksos per se: their origin, their rise to power, their rule, and how they were expelled. Part Two (chapters 8-12) investigates the Hyksos culture and has a close look at their architecture, arts and crafts, burial practices, warfare and weapons, and religion. Part Three (chapter 13) examines the influence the Hyksos might have had on Egyptian culture, with special attention to architecture, burial practices, arts and crafts, warfare and weapons, and religion. Chapter 14 rounds off the thesis and comes to the conclusion that the Hyksos made very little impact on the Egyptian culture in general, but contributed greatly to Egypt's development in warfare and weapons, and also for a period exerted some influence on religious practices, especially in the Delta. Finally, the Hyksos contributed to Egypt's altered world vision by forcing them to shed their complacency, which in turn opened the way to expansionism in countries in the Near East.
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Barfoed, Signe. "Cult in context : the ritual significance of miniature pottery in Ancient Greek sanctuaries from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54772/.
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Several previously overlooked questions related to ancient Greek dedicatory practices are investigated in this thesis. The main questions addressed are: how do the contexts of Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic votive miniature vessels inform us about the Greek cults in which they are used, and the transmission of such cults? What role did miniaturisation play in the sanctuaries and the rituals in ancient Greek society, and why miniaturisation? A number of supplementary questions accompany the main questions, for example, what did miniaturisation mean in the context of votive dedications in sanctuaries? This thesis aims to demonstrate that earlier explanations arguing that miniatures are simply and profoundly cheap substitutes for more expensive objects do not work well, since many of these small objects are carefully made and some are elaborately decorated, and would thus not have been cheaper, or less time consuming to produce compared to full sized objects. The chronological time frame of the thesis is limited to the Archaic to the Hellenistic period, and its core is three case studies with different themes and different geographical locations in focus (Kalydon, Olympia, Kombothekra, various sites in South Italy, and other sites for comparison). The thesis addresses also issues relating to, for instance, miniaturisation, imitation and models, the functionality, and non- functionality of small votive objects, agency, trade, and colonization. The study of ancient Greek dedicatory practices within the scholarship of Classical Studies tends to concentrate on votive statues, religious architecture, inscribed metal dedications, and stelai. Little attention has been paid to less extravagant dedications even though these groups of material have been found in abundant amounts in sanctuaries throughout Greece. Moreover, in those cases where this material has been published interpretation and thoroughly analyses are often lacking. As a result, this study makes important contributions to two large questions within Classical studies: how did the Greeks view their gods and how did the Greeks interact with the gods. Miniature pottery contributes to our understanding of ancient Greek ritual practice as well of specific rituals. The work presented in this thesis accentuates that miniature pottery’s material meaning and symbolic importance can no longer be dismissed.
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Cagle, Anthony J. "The spatial structure of Kom el-Hisn : an Old Kingdom town in the western Nile Delta, Egypt /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6478.
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Johnson, Erika Diane. "Stealing the enemy's Gods : an exploration of the phenomenon of Godnap in Ancient Western Asia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3187/.
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When an ancient Near Eastern city was besieged and looted the statues and cultic appurtenances of the gods were often confiscated by the conquerors. Their loss was more than a heavy blow to the defeated people: the statue was the god‘s representation on earth and watched over and protected the city so his abandonment of his city was thought to have a lasting devastating effect. From the point of view of the conqueror the statue could be used not only as a tool of intimidation but for bribery and a crude form of diplomacy and as propaganda for his might and glory. In this thesis the history of the phenomenon of godnap is explored for the first time and there is also an investigation of related problems in religion and cultural history. At the outset a detailed investigation of the numinous character of an ancient Mesopotamian statue is given including an account of the ritual that imbued it with this divine quality. Special attention is given to Marduk of Babylon and the episodes in which even he found himself the victim of theft. The thesis includes an excursus on evocatio and parallels between Hittite and ancient Roman practices are drawn.
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Harris, Jones Nancy Lynne. "An Overview of the Evolution of Affect in the Music of Western Civilization from the Ancient Greek Period Through The Baroque." Thesis, University of Oregon, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23864.
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177 pagesMusicians, philosophers, historians, and composers through the ages have attempted to understand the relationship between musical modes and musical affections. The Greeks used the modes as prescriptives for healing diseases, based on the purgative power of the affections. Greek writings transmitted through Boethius were misinterpreted by well-meaning Renaissance music theorists who believed Boethius was relating the ethos of the affections to the church modes rather than to the Greek modes. This thesis begins with Plato's and Aristotle's beliefs about musical affect and ends with a discussion of the teachings of Johann Heinichen, Johann Mattheson, and C. P. E. Bach. Stories about using musical modes to bring about healing are also included.
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Barraclough, Alexa K. "The origins, rise, and demise of mummification in ancient Egypt." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/220.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
History
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Dodd, Rebecca. "Coinage and conflict : the manipulation of Seleucid political imagery." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/938/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to provide a thematic analysis of the historical, political, and economic context of Seleucid portraiture, namely that on coins, but with reference to gemstones, seals, and sculpture where evidence exists. No attention has been given to the aesthetic value of such items, as has been the habit of art historians, as a great deal of the evidence analysed here consists of bronze coins. Nor is this work intended to be a catalogue, as technical information on coins has been well documented in the many catalogues in this field. The first chapter provides a general survey of the issue of autonomy and its relationship to the Seleucids, whether among the Greek poleis of Asia Minor or other autonomous areas of the Seleucid empire. This is followed by an obligatory discussion of the influence of Alexander on the Seleucids, which has been kept deliberately short due to the amount of scholarship already completed in this field. The issue of warfare and its effect on Seleucid iconography follows this. The first three chapters cover issues affecting Seleucid iconography, whether for legitimate kings or otherwise, which leads on to a chapter covering the Seleucid usurpers. The function of this chapter within the thesis is twofold; firstly, it introduces the concept of usurpation and its effect on the iconography of legitimate kings; secondly, it contains extensive discussion of the coinages of the individual usurpers. The next four chapters serve to analyse the variation of the royal image for legitimate kings, assessing the effect of autonomy, warfare, Alexander, and usurpation on the changing royal image. The kings discussed in the respective chapters were chosen on similarities of iconography and factors affecting this. The final chapter is a discussion on Seleucid female iconography, affected by many of the same factors as male portraiture.
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Sabaté, Vidal Víctor. "Inscribed Lead Tablets from the Ancient western Mediterranean." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671458.
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This doctoral dissertation consists of a catalogue of those inscribed lead tablets found in the Western Mediterranean which can be dated to between the late sixth and the late first centuries BCE. In other words, it includes all the inscriptions on this medium that can be placed between the earliest examples and the end of the Roman Republic. The reign of Augustus represents a milestone in terms of epigraphic habits, generally speaking but also, in particular, regarding the use of lead tablets as a medium for inscriptions.
From a geographical point of view, the Western Mediterranean has provided us with inscriptions coming from Sicily, Italy, the coasts of Gaul and Spain, and the western part of the Roman province of Africa, namely the region of Carthage. As far as the language of the texts is concerned, it has to be reminded that, before the Roman conquest and much later after it, this whole area was inhabited by a series of peoples speaking very different languages, both Indo-European and non-Indo-European. The main part of the corpus is written in Greek and, more precisely, in the Doric dialects from Sicily and southern Italy, though there are also inscriptions in Ionic and in Koine Greek, alongside many instances of dialect mixing. The Italic branch has provided us with lead tablets inscribed in Oscan and Latin, as has the Celtic family, with a few texts in Gaulish and one in Celtiberian. Another important part of the catalogue entries come from non-Indo-European speaking regions. The second main contributor to the corpus is Iberian, a language in which more than one hundred lead sheets, coming from the coast between the River Hérault in southern France and the River Segura in Murcia and Alacant, are written. The Etruscans have also yielded several documents. In Punic there are only a handful of lead tablets, of which only one has been read so far, while three sheets from modern-day Andalusia, inscribed in the local, semi-syllabic script, does not appear to be in Iberian but in a language which might correspond to Turdetanian, still very badly known.
As for the type of inscriptions found on lead tablets, curses or defixiones continue to be the most numerous group of texts. They are written not only in the three colonial languages—Greek, Punic, and Latin—, but also in Oscan and Etruscan, whereas the use of binding màgic among the Iberians has not yet been confirmed. Other religious inscriptions, such as leges sacrae or abecedaria, are also attested. Besides, we cannot disregard the abundance of inscriptions on lead belonging to the sphere of everyday life, such as private letters, contracts, and, above all, a set of Iberian sheets concerning economic activities. In these, despite our difficulties in understanding the language, there is no doubt that numerals, measurement units, and words belonging to the lexical field of money are mentioned next to personal names.El nucli d’aquesta tesi doctoral està integrat per un catàleg de les làmines de plom inscrites del Mediterrani Occidental que poden datar-se entre la fi del segle VI i la fi de l’I ane, és a dir, dels primers testimonis fins a la caiguda de la República. D’un punt de vista geogràfic, la regió ens ha fornit inscripcions procedents de Sicília, Itàlia, les costes de la Gàl·lia i de la península Ibèrica, i l’àrea de Cartago. Quant a la llengua dels textos, la major part del corpus és escrit en grec i, més precisament, en els dialectes dòrics de Sicília i del sud d’Itàlia, encara que hi ha també inscripcions en jònic i en grec koiné, a més de nombrosos exemples de barreja de dialectes. La branca de les llengües itàliques ens ha proporcionat ploms escrits en osc i en llatí, com també la família cèltica, amb qualque text gal i un de celtibèric. Pel que fa a les regions de parla no indoeuropea, la segona llengua més emprada al corpus és l’ibèric, amb més de cent ploms provinents de la costa entre el riu Erau a Occitània i el riu Segura a Múrcia i Alacant. La resta dels documents estan en etrusc o en púnic, si bé resten tres làmines andaluses, inscrites en l’escriptura semisil·làbica local, que no semblen en llengua ibèrica sinó probablement turdetana, encara molt mal coneguda. Quant al tipus d’inscripcions presents als ploms, les tauletes de maledicció representen el grup més nombrós de textos. Es documenten encara altres inscripcions religioses, com les lleis sagrades o els alfabetaris. D’altra banda, no pot ésser menystingut el nombre de ploms enquadrables dins l’esfera de la vida quotidiana, com ara lletres privades, contractes i, sobretot, un conjunt de làmines ibèriques que testimonien activitats de tipus econòmic, làmines en les quals no hi ha dubte que s’esmenten numerals, unitats de mesura i termes del camp lèxic de la moneda al costat de noms personals.
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Sapsford, Francesca May. "The 'epic' of Martial." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3671/.
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This thesis explores the composition and arrangement of Martial’s twelve-book series, the Epigrams. I investigate the way in which key themes combine to create a pseudo-narrative for the reader to follow which connects not only individual books but the series as a whole. This twelve-book series creates an ’anti-epic’, something which is meant to be considered as a whole and read, and reread, as such. In the course of investigating the inter- and intratextual links within the Epigrams, we see how Martial’s corpus instructs its reader on how (and even where) to read the text. In doing so Martial is engaging with a literary discourse at the end of the first century on different patterns of reading. The key themes explored, oral sex and os impurum, food and dining, and a literary theme comprised of reading and writing, all form part of this programmatic literary instruction to the reader. I have identified the importance of ’orality’ within the Epigrams as part of the defined method of reading. Applying concepts from Reader-Response theory,and thinking about the way readers read, we can see that Martial’s books of epigrams are more than the sum of their parts.
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Olivetti, Paola. "Uses and interpretations of ritual terminology : goos, oimoge, threnos and linos in ancient Greek literature." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3009/.
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The purpose of my thesis is to study the lament in ancient Greek culture, and to show how its ritual meaning is interpreted by literature. The terms goos, oimoge, threnos and linos not only indicate the presence of different ritual attitudes to death but also the existence of different interpretations for each of them. The goos and the oimoge mirror an archaic religiosity and consist of sinister utterances aimed at summoning ghosts, requesting for divine revenge, etc. Aeschylus introduces them as aischrologic acts as he implies the presence of a god or a daimon. Sophocles and Euripides use them as dysphemic elements and censure an approach to death which implies that gods are vindictive, deceitful and unjust. However, they also introduce an euphemic goos consisting in an expression of feelings. The threnos only appears in funerary contexts in Homer while is often introduced as dysphemic in drama. The linos-song is mentioned as a vintage-song in Homer, it appears as a lament and then as a song for some hero’s apotheosis or return to life in drama. The poetic use of these terms serves to understand how the social and political meaning of the ritual was understood and codified by literature.
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Ray, Corey Carpenter. "Understanding the ancient Egyptians : an examination of living creature hieroglyphs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51538.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1999.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis an exploration is made into whether or not hieroglyphs reflect ideas of the ancient Egyptians themselves. By examining "living creature" hieroglyphs one may contemplate why the ancient Egyptian chose a particular manner of depiction. The manner of depiction can then be examined insofar as what ideas they may reflect. In this way study into other groups of signs such as those of the environment may be used to further illuminate the lives and our understanding of the ancient Egyptian(s). This thesis begins with an examination of both the problem inherent in such a task and an overview of some of the "processes" involved. By understanding that a reconstructed reality, that of the hieroglyph, reflects both real and perceived characteristics represented in glyphic form, one may seek out the mental impressions considered relevant to the people themselves. Next the role literacy played and still plays is discussed. This discussion includes a brief historical overview of both the history of decipherment and the "language" of the ancient Egyptians. The importance of "writing", artistic in nature in Egypt in regards to hieroglyphs, is then discussed as it relates to its use as symbol. Hieroglyphs are then discussed in their role as art, communication, and language emphasizing the multitudinous role(s) which they served. The importance is thus reiterated that hieroglyphs served as a communication of ideas to both the literate and the "illiterate" in at least a menial manner. After providing a "background" context of both the world and time of hieroglyphs and their subsequent "understanding" and interpretation, there is an analysis of the hieroglyphs for living creatures including the following Gardiner groupings: (1) mammals, (2) birds, (3) amphibians and reptiles, (4) fish, (5) invertebrates and lesser animals. The signs are examined in regards to their function and variations followed by some observations and comments related to the "structure" and perspective of the sign itself. Summary observations and comments are then made about each group. The thesis is then brought full circle by examining the implications of what hieroglyphs can tell us about the ancient Egyptians, via the perceptive and communicative role which they played. By understanding hieroglyphs as "fingerprints" of/from the mind of the people and subsequently their culture, this framework may provide a new mechanism into understanding the Egyptian via their own visualization and perceptive nature. A case is then proposed that this new "mechanism", if it is indeed considered feasible, can be applied to not only the physical world consisting of nature such as the environment, but also to groups which depict manmade objects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis is die moontlikheid ondersoek dat hierogliewe iets van die ideewereld van die antieke Egiptenare reflekteer. In die bestudering van "lewende wese" hierogliewe kom vrae op soos waarom die antieke Egiptenare juis 'n spesifieke vorm van voorsteIIing verkies het. Die vorm van voorsteIIing kan dan bestudeer word vir die idees wat dit moontlik mag reflekteer. Ander groepe/velde van tekens, soos die van die breër omgewing, kan gebruik word om verdere lig te werp op die lewe van die antieke Egiptenaar(e) en ons verstaan daarvan. Die tesis begin met 'n bestudering van die inherente probleme in die aanpak van so 'n taak en 'n oorsig oor sommige van die "prosesse" daarby betrokke. By die verstaan van die hieroglief as 'n gekonstrueerde realiteit, wat weklike sowel as afgeleide eienskappe reflekteer, ontdek die ondersoeker daarvan iets van die persoonlike/kulturele indrukke wat deur hierdie groep mense as relevant ervaar is. In die volgende afdeling kom die rol van geletterdheid aan die beurt. Hierdie bespreking sluit 'n bondige historiese oorsig oor die geskiedenis van ontsyfering asook die taal van die Egiptenare in. Die belang van die "skryfkuns" en veral die kunsaard daarvan in die Egiptiese hierogliewe word vervolgens bespreek. Dit is veraI waar soos dit in verhouding staan met die gebruik daarvan as simbool. Die veelsydige rol(le) en belang van hierogliewe in die kuns, kommunikasie en taal word dan ondersoek en bespreek. Die klem word daarop gelê dat hierogliewe as die kommunikasie van idees aan beide die geletterde en "ongeletterde" dien. Nadat 'n agtergrondkonteks van die wereld en tyd van die hierogliewe en die daaruitvloeiende "verstaan" en interpretasie daarvan gegee is, word 'n analise van die "lewende wese" hierogliewe gedoen. Dit sluit die volgende groeperinge van Gardiner in: (1) soogdiere, (2) voels, (3) amfibiee en reptiele, (4) visse, (5) invertebrata en kleiner diere. Hierdie hierogliewe word ondersoek in terme van hulle funksie en variasies, gevolg deur waarnemings en opmerkings aangaande die "struktuur" en die perspektief van die teken. Opsommende observasies en enkele opmerkings oor elke groep volg daarna. Die tesis word afgerond met 'n ondersoek na die implikasies van wat ons kan wys word uit die hierogliewe aangaande die antieke Egiptenare, via die perspektiwiese en kommunikatiewe rol wat dit vervuI. Deur hierogliewe te verstaan as die "vingerafdrukke" van die begrip van hierdie mense kan hierdie raamwerk 'n nuwe meganisme in die verstaan van die Egiptenaar via die visualisasie en waarneembare aard daarvan, vorm. 'n Voorstel word gemaak dat hierdie nuwe "meganisme", indien dit uitvoerbaar is, toegepas kan word, nie net op die hierogliewe van die fisiese wereld bestaande uit die natuur en die omgewing nie, maar ook op hierogliewe wat mensgemaakte voorwerpe voorstel.
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Urbano, Arthur P. "Lives in competition : biographical literature and the struggle for philosophy in late antiquity /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174686.
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Wilkin, Neil C. A. "Food vessel pottery from Early Bronze Age funerary contexts in Northern England : a typological and contextual study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5192/.
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This thesis demonstrates the significance of Food Vessel pottery and burial in Northern England during the Early Bronze Age (c.2200 to 1800 cal BC). It represents the first original and sustained study of this burial tradition for several decades. It is argued that the interwoven relationships between Food Vessels, other ceramic types, and trade and exchange networks are both a reason why the tradition has posed interpretative problems for prehistorians, and a central component of its significance during the Early Bronze Age. The chronological relationships between British Food Vessels and other ceramic and funerary traditions are reviewed using the first comprehensive and critically assessed dataset of radiocarbon determinations. Previous approaches to Food Vessel typology are critically reviewed and a new approach based on the ‘potter’s perspective’ and contextual studies is proposed. A contextual approach is applied to Food Vessels from three regions of Northern England: the Northern Counties; North-East Yorkshire, the central lowlands and North-West England; and South-East Yorkshire. Each study reveals significant inter- and intra-regional similarities and differences in how Food Vessels were used and understood. The significance of Food Vessel pottery and burial is then discussed at a national scale.
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Ponelis, I. A. (Isabella Annanda). "Maät : die god wat in elkeen is." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53490.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The concept of Ma'at is crucial to Ancient Egyptian culture. In Ancient Egypt, Ma'at has two closely related manifestations: the cultural principle and the goddess. Ma'at as general cultural principle relates to the perfect order that was present at the moment when the cosmos came into being. This order eliminated chaos and created perfect balance in every aspect of the cosmos: nature, mankind, the gods, life and death. According to Ancient Egyptian literature, people ordered their lives in terms of the principle to do Ma 'at. This principle amounted to living honestly and justly. In this way, order was maintained and chaos prevented. In religion, which should be considered a subdomain of culture, Ma'at functions as an Ancient Egyptian goddess. As a goddess, Ma'at was considered a being in her own right, with a characteristic appearance, a history, and a cult which was performed by the pharaoh and the priests. Though the conception ofMa'at developed considerably in the long history of Ancient Egypt, the idea was present at the beginning of Egyptian civilization, as is attested by a great variety of inscriptions. The concept played a significant role in this culture from beginning to end. Ma'at was of particular importance to Ancient Egyptian royalty. Royal office included the realization of Ma'at and the consequent destruction ofIsfet. This function was performed by the pharaoh as chief of all cults - by daily sacrifice for Ma'at --, as well as in his role as ruler - by ensuring that public office was performed according to the principle ofMa'at. The Ancient Egyptians maintained that Ma'at functioned not only in life but also in death. In the alternative reality that Ancient Egypt made of death, order obtained, just as in life. Hence Ma' at was present also in death. The essence of Ancient Egypt is not its structures, such as the pyramids, which never cease to fascinate. This essence has to be sought in the way Ma'at gave unity to this remarkable culture.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die begrip Ma'at is rigtinggewend vir die kultuur van Antieke Egipte. In hierdie kultuur het Ma'at twee verskyningsvorme wat ten nouste met mekaar saamhang: die kultuurbeginsel en die godin. Ma'at as algemene kultuurbeginsel het te doen met die volmaakte orde wat tot stand gekom het in die ontstaansoomblik van die kosmos. Hierdie orde hef chaos en wanorde op en skep volkome ewewig in elke aspek van die kosmos: die natuur, die mensdom, die godedom, die lewe en die dood. Die Antieke Egiptiese literatuur bring aan die lig dat mense hulle lewe ingerig het volgens die beginsel om Ma'at te doen. Waarop dit neergekom het om Ma'at te doen, was om eerlik en regverdig te handel. Op hierdie manier is die orde bewaar en die chaos verhoed. Op die terrein van die religie, wat as 'n besondere aspek van die kultuur in die breë beskou moet word, funksioneer Ma'at in Antieke Egipte as 'n godin. Hierdie godin was 'n veronderstelde wese in eie reg, met 'n kenmerkende voorkoms, 'n geskiedenis, en 'n kultus wat deur die farao en die priesters bedien is. Hoewel die siening van Ma'at in die loop van die lang geskiedenis van Antieke Egipte aansienlik ontwikkel het, was die idee van die begin van die Egiptiese beskawing aanwesig, soos 'n groot verskeidenheid inskripsies laat blyk. Die begrip het in hierdie kultuur van begin tot end 'n bepalende rol bly speel. Tussen Ma'at en die koningskap in Antieke Egipte was daar 'n besonder nou band. Ma'at was van wesenlike belang vir die uitvoering van die koninklike amp: dit was die opdrag van die farao om Ma'at te verwesenlik en daarmee Isfet te vernietig. Hierdie taak het die farao uitgevoer as hoof van alle kultusse -- deur die daaglikse offer wat hy in die belang van Ma'at gebring het --, maar ook in die staatsadministrasie -- deur toe te sien dat amptenare hulle werk doen volgens die beginsel van Ma'at. In Antieke Egipte is daarvan uitgegaan dat Ma'at nie net in die lewe nie, maar ook in die dood funksioneer. In die alternatiewe werklikheid wat Antieke Egiptenare van die dood maak, heers daar ook orde. Ma'at is dus ook daar teenwoordig. Die wese van Antieke Egipte is nie die strukture, soos die piramides, wat nou nog die belangstelling gaande maak nie. Dit moet veel eerder gesoek word in die wyse waarop Ma'at eenheid aan hierdie merkwaardige kultuur gegee het.
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Zamaron, Alain. "Représentation des civilisations disparues dans la littérature d'aventures fantastiques de la fin du XIXe siècle et du début du XXe." Villeneuve d'Ascq, France : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40674686.html.
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Feldman, Alex. "Ethnicity and statehood in Pontic-Caspian Eurasia (8-13th c.) : contributing to a reassessment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8619/.
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What is the line between the “ancient” world and the “medieval” world? Is it 476? 330? 632? 800? Most historians acknowledge there is no crisp line and that these are arbitrary distinctions, but they are made anyway, taking on lives of their own. I believe they are much the same world, except for the pervading influence of one flavor of monotheism or another. This thesis endeavors to study top-down, monotheistic conversions in Pontic-Caspian Eurasia and their respective mythologizations, preserved both textually and archaeologically, which serve as a primary factor for what we might call “state formation.” These narratives also function, in many cases, as the bases of many modern nationalisms, however haphazard they may be. I have attempted to apply this idea to Christian Rome (Byzantium)’s diachronic missionary policy around the Black Sea to reveal how what we today call the “Age of Migrations” (the so-called “Germanic” invasions of the Roman Empire), was actually in perpetual continuity all the way up to the Mongolian invasions and perhaps even later. In this way, I hope to enhance the context by which we understand the entirety of not only Western history, but to effectively bind it to a broader context of global monotheization.
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Теліженко, Людмила Вікторівна, Людмила Викторовна Телиженко, and Liudmyla Viktorivna Telizhenko. "Human integrity in ancient civilizations." Thesis, Lulu Press, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/70611.
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На культурологічному матеріалі проводиться антропологічний аналіз становлення та розвитку цілісності людини древніх цивілізацій. У роботі цілісність древньої людини аналізується як нерозривна єдність людини і її умов, які разом перебувають у спільній для них субстанційній основі.На культурологическом материале проводится антропологический анализ становления и развития целостности человека древних цивилизаций. В работе целостность древнего человека анализируется как неразрывное единство человека и его условий, которые вместе пребывают в общем для них субстанциональном основании.
An anthropological analysis of formation and development of human integrity in ancient civilizations is performed basing on culturological data. The paper analyzes the integrity of the ancient person as an inseverable unity of the person and their circumstances, that are in the common for both of them substantive basis.
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Mureddu, Nicola. "A barrier to be broken : change and continuity in the transition between Bronze and Iron Age Aegean, from the observation of burial contexts and grave goods." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7093/.
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This work discusses change and continuities taking place in the transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Ages in Greece. The geographical range will cover the eastern mainland (including Euboea), Naxos and Knossos, in a period starting from the final palatial culture of LH IIIB2/13th century and ending with the Proto-Geometric/10th century burial evidence. In order to collect and observe the archaeological evidence several tombs assemblages have been researched from both original reports and visits to relevant Greek museums. Finds have been tabulated, and continuities, innovations and losses have been identified. The major categories of material evidence analysed included pottery, metalwork and jewellery but also the form of the tombs and the manner of the burials were considered. The final analysis of these categories of evidence refutes theories of major and or abrupt change, whether caused by invasion or natural phenomena. It rather indicates social modifications following the loss of the palatial centres and their administration and culminating in their gradual replacement by new forms of social structure. Although not directly demonstrable from the existing evidence, a possible scenario is proposed to explain the frequent indications of influence from SE and Central Europe during this transition.
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Woodring, Kim. "The Role of Religion in Ancient Civilizations: Select Readings." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://www.amzn.com/151650061X.
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The Role of Religion in Ancient Civilizations: Select Readings addresses the importance of religion in ancient civilizations and encourages readers to evaluate these civilizations both historically and critically. The selected readings help readers understand civilizations as whole systems with not only social and political characteristics, but also religious ones. Topics include the establishment of patriarchal civilizations, Mesopotamian and Egyptian religion, and the early civilizations of Northwest India. Students also learn about the religions of ancient China and Japan, traditional African religions and belief systems, religion and burial in Roman Britain, and the great temples of Meso-American religions. The final selections are devoted to early Christianity, the Byzantine Empire, and Islam. Original introductions place the readings in context. Taken as a whole, these carefully curated articles demonstrate both the uniqueness of each religion and the traditions and practices that, over time, became interconnected and sometimes even fused to form new religions. The Role of Religion in Ancient Civilizations is well-suited to survey courses in world and ancient religions, as well as classes on religious history and the history of the ancient world.
Kim Woodring earned her M.A. in history at East Tennessee State University and her M.L.I.S. in library and information science at the University of Tennessee. She is now a faculty member at East Tennessee State University where she teaches courses in American and world history and digital history. In addition to teaching, Professor Woodring also serves as the history department's webpage administrator and social media editor. Her professional writing has appeared in The Social Science of War Encyclopedia and Historical Archaeology.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1162/thumbnail.jpg
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Müller, Enrico. "Die Griechen im Denken Nietzsches." Berlin : De Gruyter, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/62900863.html.
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Ferrigno, Laura. "Vers un nouveau parcours didactique du grec ancien." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL015.
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Notre thèse est une étude sur les méthodes didactiques du grec ancien. À travers l’analyse de la crise actuelle de l’enseignement des langues anciennes et de la méthode grammaire-traduction, nous essayons de démontrer qu’aujourd’hui il serait souhaitable d’aller vers des choix didactiques différents. Nous concentrons notre intérêt notamment sur les manuels appelés story-based courses, dont les plus connus sont la méthode Ørberg, le Cambridge Latin Course, Athenaze et Reading Greek. Ces ouvrages sont caractérisés par un récit ininterrompu rédigé en latin ou en grec concernant la civilisation ancienne ; ils proposent une approche inductive de la langue favorisant la lecture cursive et un apprentissage linguistique « naturel ». Nous traitons ainsi l’aspect des pratiques pédagogiques à adopter en classe, aspect qui demeure fondamental pour mettre en œuvre un enseignement cohérent avec ces outils. Des expériences passées (notamment celle de Rouse à la Perse school de Cambridge) mais aussi l’enquête que nous avons menée au liceo classico Francesco De Sanctis de Salerne, révèlent jusqu’à quel point notre enseignement peut être bouleversé et dans quelle mesure les réactions des élèves peuvent changer. Les réflexions issues de notre travail, qui s’adresse en particulier aux enseignant de langues anciennes, visent notamment à permettre une connaissance raisonnée de la méthode natura qui dépasse les préjugés qui souvent l’accompagnent et à en évaluer toutes les potentialitésOur thesis is a study of the teaching methods for Ancient Greek. Through an analysis of the current crisis in the teaching of ancient languages and of the grammar-translation method, we will attempt to demonstrate that nowadays it would be desirable to make different teaching choices. In particular, we focus our interest on manuals called “story-based courses”. The most widely known of these, are the Ørberg method, the Cambridge Latin Course, Athenaze and Reading Greek. These works are characterized by an ongoing tale written in Latin or Greek and concerning the ancient civilization. They offer an inductive approach to the language, that favors fast reading and a “natural” language learning. We also discuss the matter of the educational practices to adopt in class, which remain essential to create a teaching coherent with these tools. Past experiences (in particular the one led by Rouse at the Perse School of Cambridge), but also the research we have carried out at Liceo Classico Francesco De Sanctis of Salerno, have revealed just how much our teaching can be subverted and how much the students’ reactions might vary. The reflections from our work, which is addressed primarily to teachers of ancient languages, aim specifically to allow a reasoned knowledge of the natura method, overcoming the prejudices that often accompany it and evaluating all its potential
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Pérez, González Jordi. "El comercio de lujo en Roma. Elaboración y comercio de objetos de lujo en Roma en el Alto Imperio: joyería, vestidos, púrpuras y ungüentos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461167.
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La conquista romana del Mediterráneo oriental y de Egipto amplió los horizontes de los mercaderes ítalo-romanos como nunca antes. A los pocos años de ocupar el territorio, eran cientos las caravanas y barcos que partían anualmente hacia la India y el lejano Oriente desde las ciudades y puertos ubicados en los límites del Imperio romano. Será con Augusto cuando se sienten las bases de un mercado cada vez más globalizado, permitiendo la libre circulación de los productos más deseados por las élites urbanas de la metrópolis romana.
Esta investigación aborda mediante el análisis epigráfico de más de doscientas inscripciones funerarias quienes fueron los personajes ligados al comercio y fabricación de joyas, vestidos, tintes y ungüentos en la ciudad de Roma. Estos productos se comercializaron entre la élite de la capital y entre los consumidores selectivos que emulaban la conducta de la aristocracia romana. El marco cronológico de estudio comprende la etapa que va desde finales del periodo republicano a finales del siglo tercero d.C. Y es precisamente el momento relacionado con el cambio de era y el primer siglo d.C. cuando se ha podido relacionar cronológicamente un mayor número de inscripciones. A su vez, poder identificar la localización de sus tiendas o talleres nos ha permitido conocer de primera mano los diversos cambios en la topografía urbana de la ciudad.
Asimismo, con el objetivo de conocer los lugares de producción o extracción de estos bienes de carácter suntuarios se han descrito las diferentes rutas intercontinentales de aprovisionamiento de estos productos. En este punto, el análisis de los diferentes agentes implicados en este comercio permite conocer las diferentes áreas de actuación, cuáles fueron los mercados más visitados y cuál fue el rol que jugó cada una de las potencias implicadas en este intercambio. Para ello se ha estudiado cuál fue el marco común de entendimiento para establecer estas relaciones.
Los resultados obtenidos han permitido ampliar la descripción tenida hasta ahora sobre un comercio tan selecto, así como proponer nuevas hipótesis interpretativas del tema.With these words the Roman author Juvenal evokes the evils associated with unbridled lust which had pushed Rome after the conquest of the so far known world. In this sense, the conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean and the annexation of Egypt under direct control by Rome resulted in the restoration and improvement of trade routes to the East, place of origin of most luxury goods markets as valued in Rome. As part of our thesis about the luxury trade in the city of Rome during the Early Roman Empire, where we look specifically at luxury products, we wish to introduce how new access to these goods sparked a change in Roman society. In this respect, thanks to the study of lapidary inscriptions related with actors linked to the development and sale of exotic products can be examined a series of changes that occurred from the new Roman state-run establishment under the principality of Augustus. The classical tradition will oppose a new order marked by the Roman elites demand for expensive products, creating fashions and customs unexplored to date, trying to slow it down with the enactment of laws against excess and access. These changes will be accompanied by other observable also in this work, highlighting, the emergence of new commercial characters and their existential increase in Rome: margaritarii, coronarii, vascularii, vestiarii, etc. In this process, indirectly new terms will be minted for defining new jobs and others will vary depending on use. Also, there is a growing desire to show the life and personal work on the tombstones, making clear a new cultural fashion. Finally, this cultural transformation will extend to an urban modification of the Urbs, lifting exclusive spaces for the purchase and sale of these products.
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Feik, Jennifer. "An analysis of textile roles in pre-history Olmec and Chinese civilizations." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1419178.
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García, Muriel Rubén José. "Contaminación religiosa en la Grecia arcaica y clásica: estudio crítico de fuentes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672146.
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En esta tesis doctoral presentamos un estudio de la contaminación religiosa y los ritos de purificación en la Grecia arcaica y clásica a partir de la recopilación y el análisis exhaustivo de la documentación literaria y epigráfica disponible. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar cómo este concepto se desarrolla en las fuentes y va adquiriendo una relevancia cada vez mayor, a la vez que su gestión se desplaza progresivamente del ámbito estrictamente privado hacia el marco de las instituciones de la polis. Para ello se parte de un análisis filológico de los textos recopilados, con especial consideración de los datos procedentes de la epigrafía, una fuente de información a veces negligida y que, sin embargo, permite sacar conclusiones de calado sobre la percepción de la impureza y la forma como este fenómeno era gestionado en el seno de las comunidades griegas.
Los primeros capítulos del estudio están dedicados al análisis de la documentación literaria, que presentamos siguiendo un criterio cronológico. Los primeros textos que tratamos pertenecen a la épica homérica, no solo por ser la primera fuente conservada, sino por presentar un tratamiento peculiar de la impureza, aunque todavía muy ligado a la idea básica de suciedad física. A continuación, sigue un análisis de ciertos pasajes de la épica cíclica y la poesía hesiódica donde se aprecia ya una mayor complejidad en el concepto de contaminación religiosa, con una casuística más amplia y unos primeros ejemplos de ritos de purificación, sobre todo en relación con el crimen de sangre. Seguidamente, nuestro análisis nos lleva a tratar la historiografía del siglo V, donde se constata la consolidación de ciertos prototipos literarios relacionados con el homicida y la impureza, así como la importancia de algunos episodios (pseudo-)históricos en los que la pureza ocupa un lugar destacado en la consolidación de instituciones públicas e incluso de élites dominantes en algunas polis, particularmente en Atenas. En idéntica línea, el capítulo siguiente se centra en rituales y fiestas atenienses donde la pureza podía jugar un papel fundamental.
El sexto y último capítulo del estudio trata la documentación epigráfica y es la aportación más novedosa de la tesis, ya que incluye la traducción y el comentario pormenorizado y actualizado de algunas inscripciones poco conocidas, pero de gran interés para la temática aquí analizada. Tras admitir las muchas dificultades para clasificar estos
documentos, hemos optado por dividirlas en tres grandes apartados de acuerdo con su contenido: inscripciones ligadas a cultos o santuarios, inscripciones que se ocupan del proceso de purificación y, en su caso, de reintegración de los homicidas, e inscripciones fúnebres. Pese a encontrarse mayoritariamente en un estado fragmentario, estas inscripciones ofrecen un valioso testimonio de la sofisticación tanto de la impureza ritual como de los rituales de purificación. Asimismo, solo estos documentos permiten conocer y valorar el papel que las instituciones locales tuvieron a la hora de intervenir y delimitar los códigos de pureza ritual en una comunidad concreta.
Por último, el trabajo finaliza con un apartado de conclusiones en el que se sintetizan las aportaciones principales de las diversas fuentes y se plantean algunas aportaciones de mejora. La tesis incluye también las referencias bibliográficas, una tabla de concordancia de inscripciones y un apéndice.This doctoral thesis examines religious contamination as well as purification rites in archaic and classical Greece, based on the compilation and exhaustive analysis of all existing literary and epigraphic evidence. Our main aim is to study how this concept developed and gained an increasing significance, while its handling drifted from a strictly private environment towards the institutional framework of the polis. To do so, we begin with a philological analysis of our corpus paying special attention to the data collected from epigraphical sources, documentation sometimes neglected which, nonetheless, can provide valuable insight into the perception of impurity and the way this matter was handled among Greek communities. The first texts examined belong to Homeric epic, not only for being the most ancient source but also because they show a peculiar treatment of impurity, although it is still very linked to the basic idea of physical filth. Next to this, there is an analysis of some passages from Cyclic epic and Hesiodic poetry, where it is noticeable that religious contamination appears as a more complex concept: it shows a wider range of uses and there are also the first examples of purification rites, especially concerning bloodshed. After this, our analysis brings us to study 5th century historiography, where certain literary prototypes regarding homicides and impurity are consolidated. Moreover, there are relevant (pseudo-)historical episodes in which purity plays a significant role in the establishment of public institutions and even ruling elites in some poleis – most significantly in Athens. In this same line, the following chapter is focused on Athenian rituals and festivities where purity could play a fundamental role. The last part of our dissertation addresses epigraphic documentation and is the most innovative contribution of the thesis, since it includes a translation as well as a detailed and updated commentary on some inscriptions which are not so well known, yet highly relevant to our field of study. Having assessed the many difficulties in classifying these documents, we have resolved to divide them into three large categories, according to their content: inscriptions related to cults or sanctuaries; inscriptions on the purification process and, if so, the reintegration of homicides into society; and funerary inscriptions. Albeit mostly fragmentary, these inscriptions provide valuable evidence of how sophisticated ritual impurity and purification rites were. Besides, only these documents enable us to know and assess the role local institutions played in establishing and delimitating ritual purity codes among a certain community. Lastly, our dissertation ends with a conclusions section in which we synthesise the most remarkable contributions of the different sources and offer some possible improvements.
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Mohr, Kyle A. "The Mechanics of Imperialism in the Ancient World." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1210189238.
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Badinjki, Oubayda. "Histoire de la civilisation ancienne du monde arabe. Les figurines masculines en terre cuite en Syrie et au Liban au Néolithique et aux âges du Bronze. Etudes de cas." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H020.
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Pourquoi les figurines masculines ? Parce que les archéologues spécialistes des terres cuites ont ciblé d’une façon générale les figurines zoomorphes et, parmi les figurines anthropomorphes, les représentations de femmes. On ne trouve jusqu’à maintenant aucun catalogue exhaustif et détaillé des figurines masculines en terre cuite. Dans ce vaste champ d’investigation, j’ai sélectionné deux périodes. La préhistoire, pour remonter aux origines et réfléchir sur la création des figurines masculines en terre cuite. Et les âges du Bronze, période faste s’il en est pour ce type de production. Cette thèse porte donc sur l'étude des figurines masculines en terre cuite(figurinesmodelées, moulées, et moule). L’objectif de cette étude est de faire un corpus de figurines masculines en terre cuite, car il n’en existe pas de corpus satisfaisant, de les classifier, de les analyser techniquement, artistiquement, et de les interpréter, et enfin de publier les figurines inédites conservées au musée du Louvre. Les problématiques sont les suivantes : les figurines étaient-elles utilisées comme jouets, comme éléments décoratifs ou comme amulettes ? Doivent-elles être mises en rapport avec des coutumes ou des rites religieux ? Comment peut-on interpréter la découverte defigurines masculines dans des temples, dans des tombes et dans les maisons ? Quelle que soit la technique qui leur a permis de se répandre, la question générale est toujours la même : à quelle fin l’artisan ou l’usager les destinait-il ?Les réponses pourront varier en fonction de la chronologie, puisque le sujet couvre une très longue période ; en fonction des lieux et des contextes archéologiques, et aussi bien sûr en fonction de la typologie, car les figures masculines peuvent présenter différentes attitudes (assises/debout), différents gestes, différents types de vêtements, d’attributs (en particulier des armes). Les chercheurs ont proposé une grande variété d’hypothèses, parfois sur la base de comparaisons ethnographiques, ou d’un rapprochement avec les traditions littéraires ou artistiques. Sans aucun doute, quel que soit le rôle de ces figurines, elles ont été considérées comme des objets importants dans la vie quotidienne au cours de l'époque néolithique, comme la poterie, les outils de pierre et d'autres objets « utilitaires », et des objets importants, notamment dans les activités religieuses et magiques, au cours de l’âge du Bronze.Le plan est le suivant : typologie et répartition régionale, matériau et techniques de fabrication (modelage et moulage), spécificités des figurines masculines, contexte archéologique et fonctions plausibles, avec l’apport de l’iconographieWhy male figurines? Because archaeologists specializing in terracotta have generally targeted zoomorphic figurines and, among anthropomorphic figurines, representations of women. Until now, there is no exhaustive and detailed catalog of terracotta male models. In this vast field of investigation, I have selected two periods : Prehistory, to go back to the origins and think about the creation of terracotta male figurines, and the Bronze Age, the apogee time for this type of production. This thesis deals so with the study of terracotta male figurines (modeled figurines, molded figures and molds). The objective of this study is to make a corpus of terracotta male figurines, because there is no satisfactory body of work, to classify them, to analyze them technically, artistically, and to interpret them, and finally publishing the unpublished figures preserved in the Louvre Museum.The research problems are the following : the figurines were used as toys, as decorative elements in homes, or as amulets? Should they be related to religious customs or rites? How can one interpret the discovery of male figurines in temples? in tombs and houses, whatever thetechnique that has allowed them to spread, the general question is always the same : for what purpose did the craftsman or the user make them? The answers vary according to the chronology, since the subject covers a very long period. According to the places and archaeological contexts and of course depending on the typology, because male figures may have different positions (sitting/standing), different gestures, different types of clothing, attributes (especially weapons). Researchers have proposed a wide variety of choices, sometimes on a hypothetical basis, ethnographic comparisons, and reconciliation with literary, artistic or funerary traditions. Undoubtedly, whatever the role of these figurines, they were considered important objects in everyday life during the Neolithic period, such as pottery, stone tools and other "utilitarian" objects, and important objects, especially in religious and magical activities, during the Bronze Age
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Marimon, Ribas Pau. "Entre el Mediterráneo y el limes germánico: el río Ródano como factor de comunicación e integración económica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/420864.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis doctoral se centra principalmente en evaluar la importancia del río Ródano durante el alto imperio romano. Se tienen en cuenta de un modo especial las relaciones entre el Mediterráneo y el limes renano y se busca determinar de qué modo el eje formado por los ríos Ródano y Rin intervino en el modelo de distribución de los productos mediterráneos.
La mayoría de trabajos, que de una manera u otra han tratado este tema, se han basado únicamente en analizar el número total de ánforas presentes en un determinado lugar o, como mucho, a comparar determinados contextos, sin entrar en enjuiciar el valor histórico real de la vía del Ródano como nexo de unión entre el mundo mediterráneo y el germano. Asimismo, se ha dejado de lado el análisis de los principales personajes encargados de llevar a cabo buena parte de estos intercambios, por lo que las conclusiones a las que han podido llegar solamente reflejan una parte de la realidad.
De manera paralela esta investigación pretende averiguar en qué medida la intervención del Estado romano sobre el eje Ródano-Rin condicionó la organización del abastecimiento militar y hasta qué punto dicho suministro supuso un estímulo económico para el conjunto de las provincias galas y germanas y un motor para el crecimiento de la región.
Los resultados obtenidos han permitido ver cómo la reorganización administrativa de la Galia y la conquista de Germania supusieron un empuje fundamental para el eje Ródano-Rin en la distribución de productos mediterráneos. Las nuevas colonias establecidas a lo largo del río Ródano generaron todo un conjunto de dinámicas sociales y económicas que se fueron desarrollando bajo el amparo del Estado romano que, en todo momento, supervisó y reguló el funcionamiento de las actividades económicas en función de sus necesidades y en beneficio de sus conciudadanos.Cette thèse de doctorat a pour principal objectif de démontrer l’importance du Rhône au cours du Haut-Empire. Les liens entre la Méditerranée et le limes rhénan en forment le point fort, et notre enquête s’attache à déterminer dans quelle mesure l’axe Rhône-Rhin est intervenu dans le modèle de distribution des produits méditerranéens. La majorité des travaux traitant ce thème, de près ou de loin, s’appuie sur l’analyse des amphores d’un site particulier, ou, au mieux, sur la comparaison de divers contextes, sans apprécier toutefois la valeur historique réelle du Rhône en tant que lien entre le monde méditerranéen et le monde germanique. De la même manière, ces études s’intéressent peu aux personnages responsables de ces échanges, de sorte que leurs conclusions reflètent une réalité tronquée. Cette recherche vise en parallèle à évaluer de quelle manière l’intervention de l’État romain sur cet axe a conditionné l’organisation de l’approvisionnement militaire et jusqu’à quel point ce ravitaillement a constitué un stimulant économique pour les provinces gauloises et germaniques, et un moteur de croissance pour la région. Enfin, cette étude met en lumière le développement de la diffusion des marchandises méditerranéennes sur l’axe Rhône-Rhin, consécutif à la réorganisation administrative de la Gaule et la conquête de la Germanie. Les nouvelles colonies établies le long du Rhône ont généré un ensemble de dynamiques sociales et économiques, alimentées grâce à la protection de l’État romain qui, à tout moment, a supervisé et réglementé le commerce en fonction de ses propres besoins et au profit de ses concitoyens.
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Stremlin, Boris. "Constructing a multiparadigm world history civilizations, ecumenes and world-systems in the ancient Near East /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Price, Joe H. "Chastised Rulers in the Ancient Near East." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440145076.
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Pundt, Heather Ann. "Mining Culture in Roman Dacia: Empire, Community, and Identity at the Gold Mines of Alburnus Maior ca.107-270 C.E." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/800.
Full textAbstract:
Trajan conquered Dacia in 106 CE and encouraged one of the largest colonization efforts in the history of the Roman Empire. The new province was rich in natural resources. Immigrants from Dalmatia, Moesia, Noricum, Pannonia, Greece, Syria, Bithynia, Italy, indigenous Dacians, and soldiers from Legio XIII Gemina participated in the extraction of gold from the Apuseni Mountains. The inhabitants of mining settlements around Alburnus Maior and the administrative center Ampelum coexisted under Roman governance but continued to mark their identities in multicultural communities. At Alburnus Maior the presence of wage laborers with access to outside materials and ideas created the opportunity for miners to communicate identity through mediums that have survived. A series of wax tablet legal contracts, altars, and funerary monuments can be combined with recent archaeological data from settlements, burials, and the mines themselves to formulate the broad view necessary to examine the intricacies of group and self-expression. Through this evidence, Alburnus Maior offers a case study for how mobility and colonization in the ancient world could impact identity. Due to the pressures of coping within a multicultural community, miners formed settlements that were central to their daily lives and facilitated the embodiment of state, community, and personal identities. Identity changes over time and can simultaneously communicate several ideas that are hard to categorize. This study approaches this challenge by looking from macro to micro contexts that influenced several expressions of identity. Chapter 2 begins with a historical background that explores the expansion of the Roman Empire and considers how different experiences of conquest influenced the colonists who immigrated to Dacia. The circumstances that led to the massive colonization of Dacia are also considered. Chapter 3 describes how the mines at Alburnus Maior were exploited, who was present, and assesses the impact of state officials, legionaries, and elite entrepreneurs on the formation and expression of state identity through cult, law, and language. The formation of immigrant communities and the working conditions that permeated everyday life at the mines are then considered in the next chapter. Settlement, cult, and religious membership are evaluated for their role in creating and articulating community identities. Chapter 5 then analyzes the personal and sometimes private expression of identity that appears in commemoration, naming conventions, and burial. The three levels of state, community, and personal identities often overlap and collectively show that the hybridization of ideas from several cultures was central to how those at Alburnus Maior negotiated their identity in the Roman Empire.
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Percival, Irene. "Mathematics in history, integrating the mathematics of ancient civilizations with the Grade 7 social studies curriculum." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0026/MQ51447.pdf.
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VanDerPuy, Peter Joel. ""Uis Ingens Aeris Alieni": Agriculture and Debt in the Early Roman Republic, c. 450-287 BC." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149243759177081.
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Olivier, M. "Ghosts in the machine : nostalgia and technology under the Ancien Régime /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8290.
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Kilker, Laurie A. "Dining like Divinities: Evidence for Ritual and Marital Dining by Women in Ancient Greece." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1229092295.
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Godfrey, J. T. "Friends, Barbarians, Future Countrymen: Clientela and Caesar’s De Bello Gallico." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin158980165011195.
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Morton, Amanda S. "Unconventional Weapons, Siege Warfare, and the Hoplite Ideal." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313569557.
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Oxley, Eden Grace. "DAUGHTERS OF ROME." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1307996002.
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Kruse, Marion Woodrow III. "The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436456307.
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Neumann, Kristina Marie. "Mapping the Transformation of Roman Antioch: The Coin Evidence." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439304606.
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Swain, Brian Sidney. "Jordanes Redeemed: A Reconsideration of the Purpose and Literary Merit of the Getica." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245386187.
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Agrimonti, Simone. "Interstate Arbitrations in Hellenistic Messenia." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin162324155232152.
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Wenzel, Aaron Walter. "Pots of Honey and Dead Philosophers: The Ideal of Athens in the Roman Empire." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243876996.
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McIlvaine, Britney Kyle. "Greek Colonization of the Balkans: Bioarchaeological Reconstruction of Behavior and Lifestyle during Corinthian Colonial Expansion into Ancient Apollonia, Albania." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1331137365.
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Tadlock, Stephen Kyle. "Forging the Sword of Damocles: Memory, Mercenaries, and Monarchy on Sicily." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1522241831627667.
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Linebaugh, Troy M. "Shamanism and the Ancient Greek Mysteries: The Western Imaginings of the “Primitive Other”." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1512462129881859.
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Granitz, Nicholas. "Heracles and the Foundings of Sparta and Rome." Ashland University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=auhonors1324002404.
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Paule, Maxwell Teitel. "Canidia: A Literary Analysis of Horace's Witch." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343685076.
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