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1
Hanum, Elfira. "Masyarakat Maju dalam Peradaban Islam Perspektif Said Ramadhan al-Buthi." Jurnal Al-Tatwir 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/altatwir.v10i1.75.
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There have been many civilizations that have existed and developed throughout the world in human history, including Ancient Egyptian civilization, Ancient Greek civilization, Ancient Persian civilization, Ancient Chinese civilization, Ancient Indian civilization, Islamic civilization in the Middle East and North Africa, and so on. This research uses the library research method. In this research, the author searches for reference sources such as books, journals, and theses related to advanced civilizations in the perspective of Sa'id Ramadhan al-Buthi. The purpose of this research is to understand advanced civilizations in the perspective of Sa'id Ramadhan al-Buthi. Said Ramadhan Al-Buthi is a Muslim scholar who argues that a good civilization must be able to provide happiness and prosperity for humans as a whole and must be based on good moral and ethical principles as well as positive religious values. Al-Buthi's view of civilization also emphasizes the importance of moral and ethical values in creating a quality civilization, as well as the importance of the contribution of civilization to the progress of humanity and the well-being of society as a whole.
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Akhter, Dr Naseem. "Analytical Study of the Socio- Religious Condition of Early Ancient Egyptian Civilization." Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/arjish.v5.3(21)e5.47-54.
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This paper is primarily deals and highlights the main characteristics of the Egyptian civilization which is considered the mother civilizations of the world. The world has been making progress for thousands of years and the people became gradually civilized. We found few major civilizations of the world. Among them Egyptian Civilization is one of them which considered the most historic and early civilization as compared to its contemporary civilizations i.e. Mesopotamian, Indus and Chinese civilizations of the world. Although it’s a common perception about the people of ancient time that they were savages and had no sense of life. But when we observe them they looked very elegant people who introduced the different socio-political concepts regarding way of life, education, living, philosophy, socio-cultural norms along with religious traditions and political thoughts. In this context we look the ancient Egyptian civilization as cradle of civilizations of the world which consequently given a birth to other civilizations. It was the influence of this civilization which created the opportunities of trade, harmony and mutual cooperation among the people. This research paper is an attempt to explore the prominent feature of the ancient Egyptian civilization and how this civilization nourished.
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Jun. "Historical Review of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappan Civilization in Pakistan." Pacific International Journal 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i2.185.
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The ancient Indus civilization, also known as Harappan civilization is famous for the ruins of two ancient cities, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, which remained unknown for thousands of years due to little written record in human history. It was not in the 1820s, when archaeologists excavated a large number of stone tools, bronzes, seals and agricultural remains in the two cities, that the world began to learn about the secret of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappan civilization. The total number of Harappan civilization sites may be as many as 2,000, but most of them are still buried underground, awaiting further excavation. Nearly 200 sites have been excavated or are being excavated, ranging from ancient couple tombs to ancient city ruins. Mohenjo-Daro, which means "hill of death" in the local language, is an ancient city of the civilization of the Indus valley located on the right bank of the Indus River, northern Sindh province, southern Pakistan. It was built around 2500 BC and was abandoned in 1900 BC. In the sites of both cities, archaeologists discovered the advanced scientific and technological achievements of the ancient Indus civilization, but they were puzzled by the loss of the civilization. This paper starts with the introduction of the ancient Indus civilization before moves to the discovery process of Harappa and Mohendaro. Literature review on the studies on Harappa and Mohenjodaro is presented with a brief analysis in the end. After giving an outline of the civilization, the paper tries to solve the mystery of the loss of civilization, but so far no agreed understanding of the cause has been reached. By reviewing the civilizations of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, the paper presents to readers the ancient civilizations of Pakistan and enhance their understanding of human science, technology and culture in ancient times.
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Bakiyev, A. "Oxus Civilization and Migration Processes." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/66/59.
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The article on the basis of the civilizational approach analyzes the approaches of urban scientists about the development of society in chronological order. The role of Central Asia in the system of civilizations of the ancient East is discussed. On the basis of archaeological, anthropological, ethnographic sources, the influence of migration processes on the transformation of local cultures to the level of the first civilizations has been revealed. The nature of the migration processes of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (Oxus civilization).
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Strechie, Mădălina. "Alexander the Great and the “Clash” of Ancient Civilizations." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0126.
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Abstract Alexander the Great was not only a great political leader, but also an amazing general. He did not face only armies, but entire civilizations which he forced to merge, following his own example. We believe that his most lasting victory was the Hellenistic civilization, a new civilization that emerged after the “clash of civilizations” that Alexander, the great leader, had opposed, namely the Greek civilization versus the Persian civilization. His war was totally new, revolutionary, both in terms of fighting tactics, weapons, and especially goals. Alexander became the Great because of his ambition to conquer the world from one end to the other. Beginning with the pretext meant to take revenge for the Persian Wars, his expedition to the Persian Empire was in fact a special “clash of civilizations”. With Alexander, the West fully demonstrates its expansionist tendencies, conquering at first an empire and civilization after civilization. Thus, in turn, the Greek crusher of the new half-god of war defeated the Phoenician, Egyptian, Persian civilizations (the coordinator of the empire that initiated for the first time the process of assimilation of the defeated ones, namely Persanization).From the military point of view, Alexander the Great was the initiator of the lightning war, of course mutatis mutandis, forming a military monarchy within the conquered civilizations, turning for the first time in history, generals into important politicians, we think here of the Diadochi. Alexander the Great forced the limits beyond human possibilities, beyond the map and beyond fate. He is the most original general of history, precisely in his manner of making war and imposing peace, being the toughest “shock of civilizations”
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Vakhromeeva, Oksana B. "The role of the discourse of museum collections in the distance course on the history of ancient civilizations." Issues of Museology 13, no. 1 (2022): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu27.2022.105.
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Distance education is a hotly debated subject in the scientific and pedagogical environment of the newest period; in the methodological literature, issues of practical and theoretical nature are actively discussed (from the effectiveness of remote servers to ethical issues that arise during classes). As a positive experience, the article presents the materials of practical classes of the course “History of civilizations”, which is read by the author at St Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, in a distance format as well. The material is built according to the problem-chronological principle, that allows students to consolidate what they have learned in lectures, supplement their knowledge using various visualization and illustration methods, thus deepening their understanding of the topic as a whole. An indirect appeal to historical sources is possible when analyzing monographic studies on the cultures of ancient ethnic groups, the 18-volume encyclopedia “Disappeared Civilizations”, and the content of the official websites of world museums that store the heritage of ancient civilizations. M.Montaigne in “Experiments” used the term ‘civilization’ (1581). Descartes in “Discourse on Methods” contrasted the concepts of “wild” and “civilized”; Herder was one of the first to connect civilization with the development of culture, pointing to the civilization of the East as the most ancient. In the 19th century, the concepts of “civilization” and “culture” were synonymous. In the 20th century, anthropological understanding of culture as a result of acquired behavioral skills began to be replaced by the concept of civilization. The article is devoted to a thematic review of individual historical monuments of a number of ancient civilizations, stored in various museums around the world, which can serve as illustrations for the educational discipline “History of Civilizations” in a distance format. The choice fell on some ancient “disappeared civilizations” that arose in various historical and geographical conditions.
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Shahidul Islam, Muhammad, and Anup De. "Ancient Boxing: A Narrative Discussion from Archaeological and Historical Evidences." Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 11, no. 2 (2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.220909.
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Boxing is one of the most popular and ancient striking combat sports where two athletes, generally wearing protective gloves, throw punches at each other in a boxing ring for a specified amount of time. Boxing has a golden history that dates back thousands of years, not just hundreds. The most famous evidence of fighting sporting competitions goes back to ancient civilizations: the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt Civilization, Minoan Civilization, Greece Civilization, and Roman Civilization. The present investigation was designed to un- derstand the evolution and pattern of boxing games in the ancient world. This study finds that one of the ear- liest ancient boxing depictions appeared in a terracotta relief based on ancient Eshnunna, a limestone plaque based on the early Dynastic periods of Sumeria, a terracotta tablet was discovered in a tomb near Larasa in southern Iraq, and many more. The study analyzes the extensive literature on the Greek statue of a sitting nude boxer and explains its existence, face, cauliflower-like ear. The study reported some distinguished observations concerning winning rules, awards, gloves, and injuries in ancient boxing. In essence, the current investigators believe that the most notable findings of this study were that no boxing ring was mentioned in literature, the majority of boxers (males) wore beards, and the majority of ancient battles were depicted on ancient Greek pottery. There was bleeding and facial injuries as the sport was very brutal at that time.
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Faisal Mosa Al Nawab, Ruwaida. "The art of adornment and make-up in the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and the old country of Yemen as a model." Al-Academy, no. 106 (December 15, 2022): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35560/jcofarts106/149-166.
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This research sheds light on those discrepancies in the use of ornaments, adornment and perfumes, as well as the art of cosmetics, in two important civilizations, namely, the Mesopotamian civilization as the earlier civilization, and the civilization of Yemen, which represents the first Arab civilization. Through the foregoing, our research includes two topics, the first topic included the history of the use of decorations, ornaments and perfumes in the civilization of Mesopotamia, while the second topic included the study of ornaments, adornment and cosmetic art in the ancient civilization of Yemen. And then the research came out with a number of conclusions that the researcher considers very important to highlight the differences and formal methods for the use of adornment, ornaments and cosmetic art between the two civilizations above, and at the end of the research included a list of sources and references adopted by the researcher, which was characterized by the richness of its information about the civilization of Mesopotamia, and said about the ancient civilization of Yemen.
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Mustaqim and Muhbib Abdul Wahab. "Ilmu dalam Berbagai Peradaban." Mimbar Kampus: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/mk.v23i2.1591.
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The history of science has a long journey. The progress of science is in line with the development of human civilization at that time. In the history of Ancient Civilizations such as Ancient Rome, Ancient Yuanani, Ancient India have given birth to very brilliant works and philosophers. The progress of science and technology today is evidence of the glory of past science. The purpose of this research is to describe the role of science in society and its development in ancient civilizations as well as the influence and contribution in the world of science today. The results showed that ancient civilizations have contributed greatly to world civilization, such as advances in science and technology, medicine, astronomy, mathematics and others. However, science in its journey experienced challenges and controversies including contradictions in religious and political beliefs but still developed to give direction to the world. And the legacy of science is a legacy of intellectual property to prepare ourselves to be more advanced in the future.
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Manan, Nuraini A. "MESOPOTAMIA DAN MESIR KUNO: Awal Peradaban Dunia." Jurnal Adabiya 22, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/adabiya.v22i1.7452.
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The existence of civilization cannot be separated from the existence of human beings. Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were the centers of the oldest civilization in the world. Both Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt had typical characteristics. Mesopotamian civilization was more non-physical compared to Egypt. Sciences were emphasized more in Mesopotamia, while Egypt emphasized religious aspects. Political systems in both areas were almost the same, that is, absolutism and considered the king as god. Mesopotamia was more humanist than Egypt. The effectiveness of both civilizations was determined much by political power and economy.
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Zheleznyakov, A. S., and G. Chuluunbaatar. "Russia and Mongolia in the civilizational and geopolitical paradigms of Central Eurasia development." RUDN Journal of Sociology 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-3-612-622.
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The relationship between Russia and Mongolia in the civilizational and geo-political paradigms of Central Eurasia development is extremely important for political science, sociology and regional studies. The authors’ definition of Central Eurasia differs from the generally accepted neutral interpretation due to its connection with a specific civilizational space - three local civilizations - the historically summarized limits of their dominant influence. The article considers the following limits of the influence of the Mongolian, Russian and Chinese civilizations from ancient times to the present: the great steppe empires (from the state of the Xiongnu to the Great Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan) with the center in Mongolia, the Russian Empire and the socialist camp with the center in Russia (USSR), and the economic corridor Russia-Mongolia-China with centers in three countries. The recognition of the taxonomic equilibrium of Russia, China and Mongolia as the cores of the Russian, Chinese and Mongolian civilizations, united by the space of Central Eurasia, allows to reconsider the Russian-Mongolian relations from ancient times to the present. The authors admit the existence of the world civilization hidden in Inner Asia and based on more than two thousand years of the nomads’ written history - the Mongolian civilization. The authors develop a new scientific direction - civilizational political science which considers the interaction between societies through the intertwined civilizational world order. The authors believe that civilizations cover the entire global space; introduce the concept “cascade of the civilizational boundaries”, which requires a combination of modeling methods and geoinformation technologies with cultural-historical ideas; consider the historical tradition of relations between Russia, Mongolia and China in the Eurasian region as being revived in the new context of trilateral cooperation.
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Bordilovska, O. "THE PRINCIPLES AND VALUES OF INDIAN CIVILIZATION: SINCE ANCIENT TIME TO CURRENT STAY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 136 (2018): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2018.136.1.01.
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One of the world’s oldest civilizations India is an unique one, with uninterrupted tradition for centuries. It has given birth to four religions – Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism, which are known mainly due to the principles of peaceful coexistence and non-violence. Geography, history, ethnic and linguistic variety and social structure, together with religious principles shaped this amazing civilizational pluralism, which required tolerance. Exactly these values will shape the conduct of the Republic of India after independence, both in internal and external affairs. Author deals with this continuity of civilizational values and also examines the challenges to this extremely traditional civilization in contemporary Indian development.
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Yasin, Shabana, and Gull-i. Hina. "WOMEN'S EDUCATION IN ANCIENT INDIA IN THE LIGHT OF HINDU SCRIPTURES AND SCHOLARS." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 02 (June 30, 2023): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1155.
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India has been the cradle of the ancient civilizations of the world, such as the Indus Valley civilization and the Gandhara civilization. No civilization develops and flourishes without the arts, crafts, and sciences, Nor the development of any civilization can be imagined without the vital role of women. women in ancient Indian society were not allowed to receive education. This misconception not only existed in the past but also persists today. While the Hindu scriptures, old writings and Books on Hinduism spotlight this concept that women in ancient Indian society were not only well-educated but also an important segment of society. They have the right to receive education in all fields of knowledge. Women in ancient Indian society showed their talent in different positions. As religious scholars, Preachers, teachers, Philosophers doctors, artists and in many capacities, women played positive and useful roles in society. Women in the static and traditional society of ancient India were successful in gaining respectable and honourable positions. This opportunity was not confined to the women of the upper class, women belonging to other classes had equal rights and chances to receive all kinds of education. Keywords: Education, India, Women, Vedas, Hindu society.
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Paribok, Andrei V. "Super-concise theses on the linguistic aspects of the theory of civilization-specific rationality." Philosophy Journal 16, no. 2 (2023): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2023-16-2-54-61.
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The article describes the linguistic conditionalities and correlations of four civilization-specific types of rationality: (1) The Great West (BZ), the heir of the ancient civilization. (2) The Afro-Asian (AA) civilization, in its current state represented by the populous Arab-Islamic world and a more ancient version of the Jewish culture. (3) The South Asian (SA) civilization, which is originated in the central part of the northern India, which defined the cultures of Indochina (except Vietnam) and earlier Indonesia. (4) The Far Eastern (DV) civilization formed in China, which spread to its neighboring countries. The author explores the correlations with the types of a developed writing based on the tiers of the linguistic structure of each of the civilizations, as well as the results of the ultimate semantic-ontological transition. The only related theory belongs to Andrei Smirnov and is called the Logic-of-sense theory. Some of its results have found their application in the thoughts expressed in this paper.
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ALHADI, Hasanain Abdulrazzaq. "THE IMPACT OF METHODS OF PREVENTION OF ENVY IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF SUPERSTITIONS AMONG THE ARABS BEFORE ISLAM، IRAQ AS A MODEL." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 08, no. 03 (November 1, 2021): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.8-3.23.
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The Iraqi civilization in the pre-Islamic eras inherited the beliefs and concepts of the ancient Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations that preceded it, as it was taken from the unseen thought - in magic, envy and sorcery - that was prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, until the community of modern Iraqi civilization became ideological, stemming from An ancient civilization, and its neighboring civilizations. The ancient Iraqis believed in envy, and they tried to remove that fear and anxiety from it, because of their belief in the destructive effect on them, especially the preparations of their minds in revealing the scientific reasons behind a strong human being, and their inability to know secrets, without having a reason to be wrapped in other reasons, moved their priests. And their masters of charlatans, to invent superstitious ways and methods, printing their cultural reality, and in harmony with their religious thought, so they used spells and magical rituals, to control the envious eye, and they carried precious stones and amulets and beads and fortified several behaviors in order to distract the envious eye and ward off its danger from them.
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Fasail Mosa, Dr Ruwaida. "History of Greek Architecture: (Influence and Influence)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 13, no. 02 (2023): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v13i02.034.
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The Greek civilization is considered one of the most important and oldest civilizations of the ancient world because of the human, intellectual and cultural data it provided that contributed to the advancement of ancient societies and civilizations, especially those that later came under the control of the Greeks in Asia Minor, Egypt, Mesopotamia and others. Greek architecture enjoyed a uniqueness and identity that is unparalleled, as the ancient Greeks made their capital (Athens) a radiant center of thought, philosophy and culture to suit those human values until that architecture became a special feature of the beauty of construction and formation and what it possesses of sculptural supplements, murals and others The current research dealt with those bright stations of Greek architecture and on three scientific topics. The first topic included the study of civilization and architecture, and the city and civilization arose that distinguished the Greeks from others. Studying the architecture of the Greek temples in the early periods, including the Temple of (Apollo), the Temple of (Parthenon) and others. As for the civil architecture, the researcher classified it into the architecture of palaces, including the study of the well-known (Knossos) palace, the architecture of houses, and theaters. As for the third topic, the researcher dealt with the study of Greek architecture and the civilizations of the ancient world, especially after the conquest of Alexander the Great to many vast areas within the Nile Valley and the Mesopotamian Valley up to Persia. Civilization between East and West and the definition of the most important of those architectural influences that were accomplished during the rule of Alexander the Great until the end of the rule of the Seleucids. Then I included the most important conclusions that came out of the research and a list of the sources and references that the researcher relied on in her study
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Iqra Ashraf, Attiya Khanum, and Sohail Akhtar. "An Analytical Study of the Mesopotamian Civilization." PERENNIAL JOURNAL OF HISTORY 3, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/pjh.v3i1.112.
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One of the most ancient myths is that the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the abomination of civilization and nature, numerous wars, the number of love stories and legends that carry the world which is the holiest sea are among the places where it is located. Like the other contemporary civilizations i.e. Egypt in west and Indus in east the Mesopotamian civilization is also considered one of the important ancient civilizations of the world Tigris and Euphrates. The civilization remained as center of socio-political activities. Egypt is a safe haven for little to no war?The Egyptians deny that, contrary to a lush interest, the attack will take center stage. Different ethnic groups often experience key combat battles. Thousands of years ago, the two rivers opened to show that people who are interested in the history of fertility are a sign of life on the other side of the rivers. There are two different seas of origin, the center of which is the genus Alma, Assyria, Babylon, Samir, Akkad, and other notable tribes of Egypt. Tigris and Euphrates
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Chitralekha Kotian, Chitralekha Kotian. "Metallurgical Extraction of Copper in Ancient Egypt." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2024): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240210.
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The origins of chemistry in ancient civilizations can be traced back to the initial human endeavors aimed at producing an elixir and transmuting base metals into gold. The discovery and utilization of metallic elements have played a pivotal part in the advancement of human civilizations, since they have facilitated the production of sturdier and longer-lasting materials. The ancient Egyptians were among the oldest civilizations to engage in metallurgical practices. The primary metallic elements employed in ancient Egyptian civilization encompassed copper, gold, silver, and iron. The utilization of copper in ancient Egypt was widespread and constituted a significant aspect of Egypt's industrial endeavors. The current paper investigates the many modes, procedures, and technologies employed in the metallurgical extraction of Copper in ancient Egypt. Keywords: Egypt, Copper, Metallurgy, Ore, Furnace.
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Milentijevic, Lazar. "Dialogue with Ancientry: V.Rozanov on the Ancient Egyptian Civilization." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 39, no. 4 (2023): 750–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2023.412.
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In this paper, the author aims to analyze the cultural and historical view of religious, philosophical, and mystical searches of Ancient Egyptian in the works by V.Rozanov. The interest in the Egyptian civilization, as an important feature of the turn of the-century era, shows V.Rozanov’s desire to carry out a dialogue with ancientry, from which all religious and philosophical concepts originate. The purpose of the research is to represent the views of V.Rozanov concerning the themes of immortality and deities in Ancient Egypt, the principles of astrology and cosmogony in the culture of ancientry, as well as the relationship of the Ancient Egyptian and Christian religions. According to V.Rozanov, Ancient Egypt was a land, where the principle of silence hided life force and vitality, which has found expression in the longevity of civilization. V.Rozanov focuses on the idea that the Ancient Egyptians were the most religious people that presented the developed doctrine of immortality, which became the fundamental thought of their religion. Rozanov shows the role of stellar astrology, physical and natural phenomena, and also underlines varieties of the religious cult that existed in Egypt, in which he highlights the images of Osiris and Isis. Rozanov particularly notes that, despite the belief in spells and wizardry, the Ancient Egyptian overcame the fear of the mysterious and unknown at a certain stage of development, and then made efforts to build a connection with It.
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Samir El-Badrawy, Sahar. "REASONS OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION." مجلة کلیة السیاحة والفنادق. جامعة المنصورة 11, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 221–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mkaf.2022.241698.
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Satpathy, Chinmayee. "RELIGIOUS PRACTICES OF THE TEMPLES IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND PURI SHRI JAGANNATH TEMPLE IN INDIA: COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW." MAN, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY 3, no. 1 (2022): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/mes.2022.v03i01.15.
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Since ancient times, two ancient civilizations of the world such as the Indus Valley Civilization and the Egyptian Civilization though geographically fall apart from one another; they were well connected through the sea routes for maritime trading and cultural exchange as described in the ancient texts and archival records. The maritime trading also resulted in the social and cultural exchange between the two civilizations as well. The article focuses primarily on the striking resemblances observed between the Puri Shri Jagannath temple in India with that of the temples of ancient Egypt in terms of the religious worship of the deities, ritual practices in the temples, arts and architecture, celebration of temple festivals, religious record keeping, the role of king as the first servitor, humanisation of God and daily offering rituals, the concept of the state deity and God-King relationship etc. Though it is very difficult to trace the origin and evolution of the religio-cultural system and ritual practices in the temples of both the regions Odisha in India and ancient Egypt, however this similar system and arrangements might have been originated and evolved at one place at some point in time, might have gradually spread over to the other places in course of time.
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Sahay, Vijoy S. "An Anthropologist Looks at History: An Enquiry into the Anomalies of Ancient Indian History and Culture." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 15, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x1501500101.
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There are altogether nine ancient civilizations in the world, viz. the Babylonian or Mesopotamian, the Indian and the Chinese (in Asia), the Egyptian (in Africa), the Greek, the Roman, and the Cretan (in Europe), the Mayan (in Mexico, North America), and the Inca (In Peru, South America). Of all the above, it's only the Indian and the Chinese civilizations are such that the elements of their ancient cultures and traditions could be found still perpetuating among the contemporary populations. And among the rest; it could to be found in their ruins only. The dimensions of ancient Indian civilization have been interpreted mostly by the historians; and primarily by the British ones. Such interpretations are found necessarily loaded with all sorts of biases. In the present paper, the author has attempted to point out some of the anomalies of ancient Indian history and culture generated by the biased interpretation of some eminent historians and Indologists. Such interpretations have done great injustice with the pre-eminence of Indian civilization on the one hand; and on the other, they have also given rise to the divisive forces in the society that still plagues the country.
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Sow, Mahamadou Imrane. "L’apport de la religion égypto-africaine aux religions révélées. Le cas du monothéisme." Afrosciences Antiquity Sunu-Xalaat 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.61585/pud-asasx-v1n33.
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The Egyptian civilization is known to have been one of the oldest civilizations the world. Today, it is attested that this civilization has a direct relationship with contemporary black Africa and, it also played an important role in the rise of Eastern civilization. I the field of religion, the contribution of Africa, particularly ancient Egypt, in the development of monotheism in the revealed religions is so highly probable. It is this contribution that this present study attempts to show through written sources, epigraphy and certain data provided by biblical and koranic texts.
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Nebylitsyn, Y. S., and A. A. Nazaruk. "HISTORY OF PHLEBOLOGY (Part I)." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 25, no. 2 (September 25, 2017): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20172214-222.
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The article is devoted to the history of the development of pathology of the venous system. It presents the most important ancient discoveries, which allow to understand the degree of development of science, the study of venous pathology at different stages of history in various ancient civilizations. It also provides a number of historical facts, including the history of development of surgery and medicine in general, in various civilizations of the ancient world, which were obtained in the study of ancient, ancient medical treatises and museum exhibits. Given is the illustration that in each ancient civilization ways of dealing with varicose veins were completely unique and different from methods used by people of other civilizations. Of course, with time, some views were rendered incorrect. In particular, for a long time the treatment of patients with venous pathology was limited to medical assistance for varicose and treatment of venous ulcers. However, the development of medicine has gradually extended the range of surgical interventions.
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Kang, Jinoon, and Sujung Kim. "A Study on the Analysis of the Interrelationship between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Bible Using Text Mining." JAHR 13, no. 2 (2023): 371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/j.13.2.9.
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The development of human civilization is a continuous process of imitation and creation based on exchange. Most historical research is performed qualitatively, so consequently, historical interpretations tend to be biased with personal or subjective viewpoints. In this context, Bible is the most-read book in history and comparative studies are steadily conducted owing to its similarities with the myths of ancient civilizations. This study combines qualitative and quantitative analysis to analyze the interrelationship between a myth and the Bible. Specifically, intertextuality analysis was performed around the great flood episode in Mesopotamia’s Epic of Gilgamesh and the Bible’s Genesis. Text mining–based association rule analysis and word cloud analysis were combined to verify this. Intertextuality analysis revealed the interrelationship between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Bible; moreover, text mining helped verify the association in intertextuality analysis. Through this, the study proposes a research method for civilization exchange studies by objectively approaching the flow and directionality of exchanges among civilizations in the ancient Mediterranean regions. Furthermore, along with civilization exchange studies, a practical convergent research method for studies in the areas of humanities, regional studies, and history was suggested.
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Eid, Salah. "Moving Curve of Civilization." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 5 (June 2, 2021): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.85.10140.
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One glance to the map of the Earth shows us that the main centers and sub centers of civilization are distributed on the surface of the Earth according to a very accurate geometrical system: the main ones are located on a strait line from Egypt to Greece to western Europe. From Egypt in the ancient times , and from Western Europe in modern times a curve extends to the right and left on which the sub centers are located, this curve moved completely from its northern position in ancient times to its southern position in modern times where one thousand years separates the two ancient and modern stages of civilization, this period had been filled by Greeks and Arabs through which we are going to tell the story of this moving curve between its two ancient and modern positions. Briefly seven hundreds of years had been filled by Greeks : one century in Athena, six centuries in Alexandria of Egypt,( where the curve returned to its southern position), and three centuries by Arabs in Bagdad in Iraq before the third stage of modern civilization began its role in its main center , western Europe.
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Lapaev, Nikita. "Copper face of ancient America: representation of Mesoamerican civilizations in American pulp-magazine Weird tales in the interwar period." Latin-American Historical Almanac 41, no. 1 (March 27, 2024): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2024-41-1-56-78.
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In the Interwar period different form of Ancient civilization had been one the most frequent theme in American popular culture. Lost Indian civilization wasn’t exception, but this is-sue is still poorly investigate in the popular culture’s field. The article examines, based on John Cavelti's theory of for-mular fiction and John Saler’s “imaginary worlds”, the repre-sentation of pre-Columbian civilizations in one of the most significant American pulp magazines, Weird tales, and the ways in which their heritage is appropriated by American popular culture. We come to conclusion that representation of pre-Colombian indian civilization was within the general nar-rative of the ancient (like Egypt and Babylon), but had differ-ence in tropes. This concerned attention to the phenomenon of sacrifices. Also, the authors were anxious about issues of race, since the racist view of Latin Americans was a constitu-tive stereotype for many Americans. To prevent this problem from interfering with the appropriation of the Indian ancient heritage as uniquely American, the writers excluded the in-termediary in the person of a modern resident of Mexico. Mexico was represented as a poor, unstable country, just an epigone of its magnificent ancestors.
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Fiizha, Berliana Fatihatuz, Mohammad Robby M, and Rizky Apria Bakti. "Dinamika Perkembangan Kebudayaan di Persia dan Mesir Kuno." SINDANG: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Kajian Sejarah 2, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/sindang.v2i2.789.
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The ancient persians and egyptians were known as the originators and beginnings of modern civilization today in the world, from these two civilizations close to the great rivers. Early in its civilization, Persia developed through warfare and conquest of other areas without war powers and fertile areas the expansion of territory was the only way to make progress. The education of the era was still one of harsh military education and extremely high discipline, because the persians were the main military force to conquer the land rather than technological or scientific advancement. The ancient egyptians are enjoyed a greater cultural and educational culture than the persians because military forces of both land and sea are rather popular. The ancient egyptians were extremely wealthy, supported by natural resources, because they lived along the Nile's regular flood course and caused the region around the river to become fertile and suitable for cultivation.
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Park, Sun-Hee. "Redefining Ancient Joseon Civilization and Ancient History Through Clothing." Journal of Gojiseon & Dangun Studies 26 (May 31, 2012): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18706/jgds.2012.05.26.81.
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Tarasevych, Viktor. "Ancient civilization: Mycenaean evolution and the revolution of Dark Ages." Ekonomìčna teorìâ 2020, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/etet2020.04.025.
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This article continues the series of publications devoted to the universum evolution of ancient civilization and its sub-civilizations. The author analyzes the evolution of the Mycenaean civilizational area and the revolutionary changes of the dark ages. It is shown that the Mycenaean civilizational range, like Crete-Cyclades, belongs to the Middle subtype of the Eastern type of social evolution; however, unlike the latter, the coastal and inland continental subareas are quite clearly identified. With the prevalence of their common Middle-East-West (MEW) characteristics, the first component has a comparatively high significance of the Western type, and therefore, the Middle-Western subtype of the Eastern type is inherent in it, while the Middle subtype prevails in the second component, which is typical for the Middle-Middle subtype of the Eastern type of evolution. The Dorian conquests of the Sub-Mycenaean period interrupted the dominance of the Eastern line of social evolution in Ancient Greece. The palace farms were destroyed, and so were the corresponding social forms. The "Iron Revolution" of the X-XI centuries catalyzed the processes immanent to the Middle type of social evolution. In the Homeric era, on the one hand, the components of the universal Middle ground “declared their claims to dominance”, in particular, in the form of technological patterns of non-irrigated agriculture, cattle breeding, river and sea fishing, community military democracy, collective-individual community appropriation of indivisible land, basic tools and proto-ins titles. On the other hand, components of a new, special Middle type appear, for example, collective-clan (family) private exo-appropriation of land and tools, and collective-clan (family) personal endo-appropriation of essential human powers and institutions. Unfortunately, the shortage of historical data prevents accurate definition of the evolution subtype of Homer's society.
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Nuri, Janan, and Khayal Hamad. "Resurrection after death between religious myths and the Old Testament." Islamic Sciences Journal 11, no. 5 (March 17, 2023): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jis.20.11.5.6.
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Religious myths are an essential part of the formation of human thought and civilization,Thus, a group of ancient religions and beliefs arose, which were rituals, legends, magic and sorcery, and an attempt to control hidden forces and draw closer to them using certain rites, such as offering sacrifices and offerings. Then, human religions such as, religion appeared in Mesopotamia civilization, Hammurabi canons, Greek and Zoroastrian divine philosophies in Persia, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the Far East, Hinduism in India, Ammonia and Akhenatene in the Pharaohs and others, until the revelation of monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam .
The books of the Torah contained a lot of important historical information of ancient civilizations. The Hebrews of that civilization took a lot in the field of myths, stories, and acquaintances and included them in their Torah through translation. The impact of the Jews on the etiquette of the Mesopotamian civilization was reflected in the development of their basic religious beliefs through what They quoted and translated from that civilization. This was clearly beyond doubt, through what came in the biblical texts that carried many books and religious poems among its Asfar of the Torah.
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Umair, Muhammad, Dr Muhammad Khubaib, and Abubakar Siddique. "Origination of Islamic Civilization from Non-Muslim Civilizations: Analytical Study." ĪQĀN 3, no. 02 (June 28, 2021): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v3i02.261.
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When the moon of Islam was appeared on the horizon of Arabia, at the time there were Jews and Christians who had their own civilization. When Muhammad (PBUH) started the preaching of Islam, people started to embrace Islam and it is commonly understood that initially, Muslims started to follow Islamic worship while living in the ancient Arab civilization and culture. Then gradually Islam spread in remote areas of Arabs and Islamic civilizations used to color its own on the face of the society, but much of the culture was still based on famous Arab culture. As the series of Islamic victories started, Islam also dominated other civilizations. The point of debate is that when Islam dominates the civilizations of other areas, nations, or religions, Meanwhile, Islam borrowed many social customs and cultures from other civilizations. In this article, the main point of research and analysis will be discussed getting affected of Islamic civilization by other civilizations and It will be concluded that how to understand this discussion for civil harmony in the distant future.
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Angelakis, A. N., and D. S. Spyridakis. "A brief history of water supply and wastewater management in ancient Greece." Water Supply 10, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 618–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.105.
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The evolution of urban water management in ancient Greece begins in Crete during the Middle Bronze and the beginning of the Late Bronze Ages (ca. 2000–1500 B.C.) when many remarkable developments occurred in several stages as Minoan civilization flourished on the island. One of its salient characteristics was the architectural and hydraulic function of its water supply and sewerage systems in the Minoan Palaces and several other settlements. These technologies, though they do not give a complete picture of water supply and wastewater and storm water technologies in ancient Greece, indicate nevertheless that such technologies have been used in Greece since prehistoric times. Minoan water and wastewater technologies were diffused to the Greek mainland in the subsequent phases of Greek civilization, i.e. in the Mycenaean, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods. The scope of this article is the presentation of the most characteristic forms of ancient hydraulic works and related technologies and their uses in past Greek civilizations.
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Klimczyk, Wojciech. "Cywilizacja jako proces, część 1: Korzenie idei." Polish Journal of the Arts and Culture New Series, no. 15 (1/2022) (October 21, 2022): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24506249pj.22.001.16022.
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Civilization as a process. Part 1: The roots of the idea. The article is the first installment in the series reconstructing the history of the idea of civilization seen as process and discussing its usefulness for contemporary civilizational studies. The first part of the text analyzes two roots of the term using the latin words civilitas and civitias. After pointing out ancient antecedents of the notion of civilization, the article analyzes in detail the civilizational discourse of the Enlightenment, emphasizing Victor de Mirabeau’s and Immanuel Kant’s con-tributions. This leads to the conclusion that civilization can on the most general level be defined as refinement of society by ordering it by law. In the process of attaining civilization, civil society, understood as a collective bonded by mutual respect and prefering peaceful regulation over violence, becomes the lawgiving subject. Even though civilization, as the cult of good manners, can become an emp-ty formalism, mutual courtesy and respect are still necessary conditions for civil society’s existence. If we understand the process of civilization along such lines, it remains worthy of consant research, especially comparative studies, today.
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Janssen, Jac J., and Barry J. Kemp. "Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 78 (1992): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3822089.
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Berggren, J. L. "Geometry and Algebra in Ancient Civilization." Ancient Philosophy 5, no. 2 (1985): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil1985527.
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Patch, Diana Craig, and Barry J. Kemp. "Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 28 (1991): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40000583.
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Davis, Whitney, and Barry J. Kemp. "Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization." American Journal of Archaeology 94, no. 4 (October 1990): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505133.
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Bard, Kathryn, and Barry J. Kemp. "Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization." Journal of Field Archaeology 17, no. 4 (1990): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/530011.
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Schulman, Alan R., and Barry J. Kemp. "Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization." Classical World 84, no. 3 (1991): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4350783.
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Astour, Michael C. "Ancient Greek Civilization in Southern Italy." Journal of Aesthetic Education 19, no. 1 (1985): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3332556.
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Robinson, Andrew. "Ancient civilization: Cracking the Indus script." Nature 526, no. 7574 (October 2015): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/526499a.
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Graham, Mark, Charles Gallenkamp, and Regina Elise Johnson. "Maya: Treasures of an Ancient Civilization." African Arts 19, no. 3 (May 1986): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336429.
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Gutiérrez Solana, Nelly. "Maya treasures of an Ancient Civilization." Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas 14, no. 56 (August 6, 1986): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iie.18703062e.1986.56.1316.
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Bakiyev, A. "On the Fifth Civilization of Ancient East." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 541–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/66/60.
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In the article, on the basis of the civilization approach, the approaches of urban scientists about the development of society in a chronological order are analyzed and the culture of the Bronze Age in Central Asia is studied. The problem of introducing the cultures of the Bronze Age of Central Asia into the system of the ancient civilization is investigated. On the basis of archaeological, anthropological, ethnographic sources, the main characteristics of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (Oxus civilization). The scientific discourse of the concepts of culture and civilization in the development of society is commented.
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Demchuk, R. V. "Formation of Eastern Christian civilization (religious context)." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 17 (March 20, 2001): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2001.17.1122.
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At one time, A.J.Toynby regarded as civilizations of the "third generation" three civilizations that were formed during the transition from the Old City to the Middle Ages on the basis of the sociocultural, in particular, the religious, property of the ancient and Middle Eastern peoples: Western Christianity, Eastern Christianity, and Muslim. The first two, as is known, had two spiritual Christians, which resolutely differed only in the middle of the XI century. But at the civilization level, the distinction between the East Christian and Western Christian worlds began with the final antiquity.
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Ahmed, Abdelkader T., Fatma El Gohary, Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, and Andreas N. Angelakis. "Egyptian and Greek Water Cultures and Hydro-Technologies in Ancient Times." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 9760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229760.
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Egyptian and Greek ancient civilizations prevailed in eastern Mediterranean since prehistoric times. The Egyptian civilization is thought to have been begun in about 3150 BC until 31 BC. For the ancient Greek civilization, it started in the period of Minoan (ca. 3200 BC) up to the ending of the Hellenistic era. There are various parallels and dissimilarities between both civilizations. They co-existed during a certain timeframe (from ca. 2000 to ca. 146 BC); however, they were in two different geographic areas. Both civilizations were massive traders, subsequently, they deeply influenced the regional civilizations which have developed in that region. Various scientific and technological principles were established by both civilizations through their long histories. Water management was one of these major technologies. Accordingly, they have significantly influenced the ancient world’s hydro-technologies. In this review, a comparison of water culture issues and hydro-structures was adopted through the extended history of the ancient Egyptians and Greeks. The specific objectives of the work are to study the parallel historical cultures and hydro-technologies, assessing similarities and differences, and to analyze their progress since primitive times. The tools adopted for the research include visits to historical aeras and museums, comments, consultations, correlation and exhibitions available in the cyberspace. Review results herein showed that dams and canals were constructed in ancient Egypt to manage the flood of the Nile river and develop irrigation systems from ca. 6000 BC. In the second millennium BC, Minoans managed the flow of the streams via two dams, to protect arable land from destruction after intense rainfall and to irrigate their farms. Additional results showed that ancient Egyptians and Greeks invented many devices for lifting water for plant irrigation such as the shadouf, sakia and tympanum and pumps, of which some were already in use in Mesopotamia for irrigating small plots. The ancient Egyptians were the first who discovered the principle and the basis of coagulation (after ca. 1500 BC). They used the alum for accelerating the settlement of the particles. Additionally, the ancient Greeks developed several advanced water treatment technologies since the prehistoric times. To sum up, the study captured many similarities between two civilizations in water technologies. In addition, it confirmed the sustainability and durability of several of those hydro-technologies since they are still in use up to now in many places.
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Christopher Binetti. "Epi-Olmecs and Epi-Romans: The Unified Theory of Politics, History, and the Power of Analogies." Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics 4, no. 2 (May 22, 2024): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/polit.v4i2.427.
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Scholars are not using the proper analytical tools for comparing polities and cultures even within the same Civilization. The Unified Theory of Politics is a new approach to History and Politics that allows for comparison across the four Civilizations of the world (Western, Central, Eastern, and Mesoamerican). Mesoamerica is a Civilization made up of numerous civilizations. These civilizations are not compared to each other properly, with Mayans, Olmecs, and Epi-Olmecs all considered as equal units of analysis, which is not true. At the same time, within the Western Civilization, ancient Italy is not being properly analyzed either. The Latins, Romans, and Oscans are equal units of analysis either, yet the categorization of cultures and polities here is little better than in ancient Mesoamerica. The Unified Theory of Politics allows us to bridge seemingly impossible differences in culture, time, and place. This gives us the analytical and comparative tools to analogize between Civilizations. This article will show how the Unified Theory of Politics works by demonstrating not only that the Mayans and the Oscans are comparable with each other, but also that Olmecs and Romans are comparable with one another. This leads to the analogy of: “The Mayans are to the Oscans as the Olmecs are to the Romans”. Also, the article will demonstrably prove that Italians are Epi-Romans. This article will thus show that the Unified Theory of Politics allows us to compare any polity or culture with writing to any other polity or culture with writing, regardless of culture, place, or time.
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Ahmad, Ishaq. "The Endurance and Evolution of Ancient Civilizations: Insights for Today's Challenges." Fall 2023 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i4.393.
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The article explains the complexities of ancient history, exploring the driving forces behind the rise and fall of ancient civilizations. It discusses key characteristics and factors contributing to their rise, such as geographical advantages, agricultural surplus, technological innovations, social organization, trade networks, strategic location, religious and ideological factors, military strength, intellectual and cultural achievements, and environmental adaptation. The article also presents case studies of notable ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, the Indus Valley Civilization, and China. Furthermore, it highlights challenges faced by ancient civilizations, including environmental factors, resource scarcity, climate change, political instability, economic pressures, health epidemics, cultural encounters, technological limitations, environmental degradation, and social inequality. Lessons learned from the decline and fall of ancient civilizations emphasize environmental sustainability, political stability and governance, economic resilience and diversification, social cohesion, and inclusivity, adaptability and innovation, respect for the rule of law and human rights, and learning from history. Parallels with contemporary societies are drawn to provide insights into addressing current challenges related to environmental sustainability, political stability and governance, economic resilience and diversification, social cohesion and inclusivity, adaptability and innovation, and respect for the rule of law and human rights.
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Kalberg, Stephen. "Max Weber’s Sociology of Civilizations: The Five Major Themes." Journal of China in Global and Comparative Perspectives 8, no. 2022 (2022): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24103/jcgcp.en.2022.1.
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As is well known, Max Weber’s three-volume Economic Ethics of the World Religions on China, India and ancient Israel yields ‘contrast case’ analyses that isolate the uniqueness of ‘Western’ and ‘modern Western’ rationalism. Less well known is the sociology of civilizations contained in these volumes and in Economy and Society. This study identifies five themes that, taken in combination, are central to this project. Uniquely, Weber’s approach to the study of civilizations stresses a) the researcher’s capacity to understand the subjective meaning of action by persons in groups quite different from those familiar in the modern West, b) the constitution of the distinct ‘rationalisms’ of varying civilizations past and present, and c) the capacity of values to ‘rationalize’ action beyond utilitarian calculations. Comprehension of each civilization on its own terms comes here to the forefront, as does the unusually broad – civilizational – range of Weber’s sociology.