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Whitehead, D. "Published work in ancient history (1980-2004)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419422.
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Wilkinson, Richard William. "A history of "Hymns ancient and modern"." Thesis, University of Hull, 1985. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8304.
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When the first Edition was published in 1861, Hymns Ancient and Modern Was just one of many collections of hymns. However, it rapidly established itself as the most popular of all. The subject of this thesis is the way that the Proprietors reacted to this success by bringing out enlarged and revised editions until the publication of the New Standard Edition in 1983. The background and the compilation of the First Edition is only briefly touched upon (I) although some attempt will be made to analyse its characteristics. The first major episode to be covered in detail will be the 1904 Edition, in which the Proprietors made a radical attempt to revise and reform the Victorian book which had developed from the First Edition. This attempt was, by Hymns Ancient and Modern standards, a failure. This failure will be explained and analysed, and its effect on future policies of the Proprietors will be assessed. To a remarkable degree the Proprietors swung over to a cautious conservatism by further enlarging the Victorian book, in order to produce the Standard Edition of 1922. The imperative need for change, however, could not be resisted for ever, in particular when the challenge of other books such as the English Hymnal had to be faced. The result was Hymns Ancient and Modern Revised, published in 1950. This was a new book, but far more limited in its innovations than mi9ht have been the case. No such criticism could, however, be levelled against the two supplements, A Hundred Hymns for Today and More Hymns for Today which were published in 1969 and 1980. The thinking behind these radical publications and the excision of nearly half the hymns in Hymns Ancient and Modern Revised to form the New Standard Edition will be discussed. The role of such key personalities as Baker, Frere and Nicholson will be evaluated, likewise the deliberations of the present members of the Council of Hymns Ancient and Modern as they look to the future.
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Toner, Jeremy Peter. "Leisure and ancient Rome." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272570.
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Wasef, Sally A. "Ancient Egyptian Sacred Ibis Mummies: Evolutionary Mitogenomics Resolves the History of Ancient Farming." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367796.
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Animal mummies were extremely important to the people of ancient Egypt. The extraordinary number of different animal species that were mummified is evidence of this importance. The vast majority of these mummies served as ritual offerings by pilgrims to please the gods. These are known as “votive offerings”, and are thought to have flourished from the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty (664-525 BC) to the Graeco-Roman Period (30 BC–300 AD). Of these, none are found in quantities as great as the Sacred Ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus) that were offered to the God of Wisdom and Writing, Thoth. It is estimated that 4 million Sacred Ibis mummies were deposited in dedicated catacombs throughout Egypt, with approximately 10,000 mummies interred each year. Such massive numbers suggest that ancient Egyptians perhaps kept and reared Ibis on an industrial-scale. However, there is limited evidence in ancient writings that support this suggestion. Sacred Ibis were once prevalent in Egypt but were driven to extinction as early as the mid 1800's.
Mummified Sacred Ibis specimens were collected from the main Sacred Ibis catacombs at Saqqara, Tuna el Gebel, Abydos and Thebes, as well as other mummified samples collected from worldwide museums. The aim of this research was to determine if there was evidence that Sacred Ibises were farmed for mummification purposes. If so, is there evidence for the existence of large central farm(s) from which mummies were distributed to the different catacombs by pilgrims? Alternatively, Sacred Ibises may have been reared in smaller enclosures adjacent to each of the main Thoth worshipping temples. Another possibility is that locals and / or priests may have caught wild Sacred Ibises each year from migrating populations? Alternatively, did the mummification industry source Sacred Ibis from a mix of both farmed and wild Sacred Ibises in order to meet the extraordinary demand?Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Isayev, Elena. "Inside ancient Lucania : Dialogues in history & archaeology /." London : Inst. of Classical Studies, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015512325&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Shapiro, Beth Alison. "Inferring evolutionary history and processes using ancient DNA." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288525.
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Trejster, Mihail Û. "The role of metals in ancient Greek history /." Leiden ; New York ; Köln : E. J. Brill, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35802035k.
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Fages, Antoine. "The genomic history of horse domestication and management : an ancient DNA perspective." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30329.
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Parmi tous les animaux domestiques, le cheval est sans aucun doute celui ayant le plus influencé l’histoire des peuplements humains. Le cheval domestique a d’abord fourni à de nombreuses civilisations des ressources primaires essentielles telles que la viande et le lait. Utilisé pour sa force physique et comme moyen de transport, il a eu de profondes conséquences sur les mouvements de personnes et de biens ainsi que sur la diffusion de cultures et d’idées à travers l’Eurasie. Le cheval a ainsi fortement contribué à l’expansion de sociétés et d’empires pendant des millénaires, et ce jusqu’au vingtième siècle. Les différentes étapes de la domestication du cheval restent cependant mal comprises d’un point de vue archéologique et sont complexes à retracer à partir des données génétiques recueillies sur les races chevalines actuelles. L’émergence de la génomique ancienne au début des années 2010 a révolutionné la biologie de l'évolution, en donnant un accès direct à l’histoire des populations anciennes et actuelles. Elle est donc particulièrement adaptée pour étudier la transition historique induite par la domestication du cheval. En s'appuyant sur les dernières avancées en matière d’extraction d'ADN ancien et des technologies de séquençage d’ADN à haut débit, ce travail de doctorat vise à décrypter les modifications génétiques sous-jacentes au processus de domestication du cheval. Pour se faire, nous avons généré le plus grand jeu de données génomiques anciennes jamais rassemblées sur un organisme non humain. Celles-ci ont révélé que les chevaux domestiqués pour la première fois à Botai, dans le nord du Kazakhstan, il y a environ 5 500 ans, ne sont pas les ancêtres des chevaux domestiques ayant vécu pendant ces dernières ~4 100 années. Ce sont les ancêtres des chevaux de Przewalski, que l’on pensait jusqu’alors totalement sauvages. Cette découverte inattendue suggère qu'un remplacement majeur de la population de chevaux domestiques a eu lieu au cours du troisième millénaire avant notre ère, contribuant probablement à faire entrer l'humanité dans l'âge du Bronze. En outre, ces trois années de recherche ont permis d'identifier les signatures génétiques associées à différentes stratégies d’élevage du cheval et ont révélé les dynamiques évolutives en jeu lors des étapes clés de la domestication. En particulier, il ressort des analyses de génomes anciens que les chevaux ibériques n’ont contribué que marginalement à la création du cheval domestique tel qu’on le connaît aujourd'hui. Ce travail de thèse a par ailleurs permis de détecter une influence croissante des chevaux perses dès le début du Moyen AgeAmong all domesticates, the horse can confidently be considered as the animal that most impacted the history of human dynamics. Once they domesticated the horse, human civilizations got hold of essential domestication products including meat and milk, but also invaluable secondary products, such as fast transportation and powerful workforce. The horse thus deeply enhanced the circulation of people, goods, culture and ideas, promoting the spread of vast military and political units across Eurasia up until the 1900s. The various steps underpinning horse domestication are however difficult to track in the archaeological record and still poorly understood based on patterns of DNA variation among modern breeds. In the last decade, the advent of ancient genomics has revolutionized evolutionary biology by providing a direct window into the past history of populations. Ancient genomics therefore provides the necessary time travel machine to investigate the key historical transition in the history of humankind that was induced by the horse domestication. Leveraging the latest advances in ancient DNA recovery and High-Throughput sequencing technologies, this PhD project aimed at deciphering the genetic changes underlying the horse domestication process by generating the largest ancient genome dataset for a non-human organism, spanning the whole temporal and geographic range of horse domestication. This dataset revealed that horses first herded at Botai in Northern Kazakhstan ~5,500 years ago are not the ancestors of modern domestic horses but instead of modern Przewalski’s horses, previously thought to represent last true wild population on Earth. This major discovery also suggests that a swift genomic replacement in the domestic stock took place in the third millennium BCE, probably contributing to precipitating humankind into a new metal era, the Bronze Age. Additionally, this PhD work identified the genetic signatures associated with different management strategies and the evolutionary dynamics at play within distinct domestication stages. In particular, we were able to rule out Iberia as a major contributor to the modern domestic stock and moving towards more recent times, we characterized the growing influence of Persian-like horses starting in the early Middle Ages
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Mwanika, Eva N. "Ancient Egyptian Identity." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1090531381.
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Ely, Joshua J. "Society and Science: Ancient Astronomy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/31.
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Astronomy is the oldest scientific field in human history. As such, it is linked heavily with Ancient History as a central part of understanding, scientific development and cultural appreciation in the world of antiquity. The goal of this thesis will be to investigate the importance of the ancient astronomers, their discoveries, the differences in cultural understandings of the universe due to environmental and political reasons, planets and the cosmos, and the impacts their discoveries had on the ancient world.
Primary sources will be various writings and documents by ancient astronomers and philosophers such as Eratosthenes, Hipparchus, Plato and the Pythagorean concept. Also to be consulted will be ancient documents that explain the cosmos and nature of this universe from the cultural aspect of the Egyptian, Maya, Mesopotamian, and Hellenistic civilizations. Secondary sources will a variety of modern historical and scientific writings about the history of astronomy. These will include Astronomy of the Ancients by Kenneth Brecher and Michael Feirtag, Ancient Egyptian Science by Marshall Clagett, and A History of The Ancient Mathematical Astronomy by Neugebauer. Also included will be modern sources that explain astronomical events and notions.
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Hoffman, Zachary Adam. "Neither This Ancient Earth Nor Ancient Rus' Has Passed On: A Microhistorical Biography of Ivan Bunin." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281218845.
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Zakrzewski, Sonia Ruth. "Continuity and change : a biological history of Ancient Egypt." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265607.
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The change in subsistence strategy, from hunting and gathering to agriculture, and the associated development of social hierarchy form a series of changes of particular biological interest. There are two main aspects to these changes, which interact and modify each other; the first relates to human biology and human variation, and the second to the history of population movements along the Nile. The emergence of Egyptian civilisation was preceded by the introduction of agriculture in the Nile Valley. The emergence of the First Dynasty was a major development in the political and sociocultural transformation of the agricultural communities inhabiting the lower Nile Valley. Human variation can act in terms of differing responses to diet and ecology, and can be recognised through trends in biological markers. This study has employed biological measures to ascertain the pattern of biological changes occurring in the Nile Valley through the Predynastic and Early Dynastic periods. A model was developed both to predict the pattern of physical changes expected to affect the individuals and to link these biological changes with the genetic structure of the local population. The first portion of the study concentrates on understanding the population affinities of the skeletal groups studied. These results suggest the local population continuity exists in Egyptian populations, but that there is also some evidence of changes in population structure, which may reflect immigration and admixture of new groups. The next sections of the study consider the actual biological effects of this migration, intensification of agriculture and the formation of the Egyptian state on the anatomy of the local population. Changes in growth outcome were found, with the differences being of a greater magnitude among the males than the females. These changes were associated with changes in the expression of cranial robusticity within the populations. Increasing levels of dental disease were found through time. The model developed in the study was therefore modified to explain the differences in expression of physical traits in males and females. The biological results were then linked with archaeological evidence to better understand the role of social ranking on human skeletal biology.
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Hereld, Shoshana. ""A living history" : ancient Rome on Wilson Barrett's stage." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62899.
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The toga dramas of late nineteenth-century British actor-manager Wilson Barrett provide important evidence on the relationship between the Classics and Victorian theater. In his depictions of ancient Rome, Barrett married the popularity of melodrama with the passion for classical antiquity, reflecting changes in the Victorian social world at the end of the nineteenth century: the increasing prominence of melodrama and the blurring of artistic genres; the increasing accessibility of classical knowledge; and obsessions with historicity. Drawing on scripts, contemporary reviews, and photographs, I investigate the ways in which Barrett’s work navigates the existing social scene in both theater and society at large. By exploring the splendor of Victorian melodrama, the British tastes for the Classics, and the relationship between authenticity and theatricality, this thesis uses Wilson Barrett’s work to demonstrate important features of both Victorian theater and society at large at the end of the nineteenth century.Arts, Faculty of
Theatre and Film, Department of
Graduate
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Clements, Joanna. "The creation of 'ancient' Scottish music history, 1720-1838." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4699/.
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This thesis examines the writing of Scottish music history from the 1720s to 1838. It concludes that the Scottish music histories written over this period were fundamentally shaped by the interaction of ideas about universal historical progress with ideas specific to the Scottish context of the work. Ramsay’s pioneering claims that Scots songs were ancient were supported by parallels between the features of song – simplicity, pastorality and naturalness - and ideas about the nature of the past held more widely. The contrasts he drew with Italian music and English verse further supported his claims in ways specific to the Scottish context. In the later eighteenth century the Enlightenment model of universal historical progress – simple and pastoral societies developed into complex and commercial ones over time - came to underpin the continued perception that Scots songs were ancient. This same universal model underpinned narratives of scalic development, and narratives of preservation. Contemporary perceptions of the place of the Scottish Highlands and rural societies in the universal model of historical progress resulted in the collection of more purportedly historic song from Highlanders and the rural poor of the Lowlands and Borders. These same perceptions also seem to have resulted in the differing use of written sources to create a picture of a gradually evolving Lowland/Border music history and a static Highland music history. Specifically Scottish destructive events were used to explain the lack of other forms of evidence of purportedly ancient songs in the past: the Reformation, defeudalisation, and the modernisation of the countryside form turning points in many of the narratives. Writers’ reasons for writing Scottish music history similarly reveal twin concerns with the universal and the particularly Scottish. In foregrounding the social and cultural factors which underpinned the construction of Scottish music history in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, this study challenges the continued inclusion of elements of the present-day received view. In addition, in demonstrating the parallels between music-historical and historical writings more broadly this thesis enriches our understanding of Enlightenment historical thought.
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Lam, Kwong-wai, and 林光偉. "Li Ji's contribution to research in Chinese ancient history." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953542.
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Vlassopoulos, Kostas. "Unthinking the Greek polis : ancient Greek history beyond Eurocentrism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615146.
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Lawrence, P. J. N. "Agents and masters in ancient Near Eastern history writings." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374420.
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Zedeño, M. Nieves, Alex K. Carroll, and Richard W. Stoffle. "Ancient Voices, Storied Places: Themes in Contemporary Indian History." Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277393.
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This collection of essays addresses the history of Numic-speaking American Indians of the Great Basin–Colorado Plateau–Mohave Desert area since these lands passed into the sovereign control of the United States after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The goal of this study is to revisit historical processes and events that transformed the lives of these Americans so profoundly that their effects are still being felt today.
The perspective of contemporary Indians who shared their views with the authors, wrote portions of this history, advised on its production, and reviewed its contents, informed the versions of history relayed throughout this book. The themes explored in this collection interweave oral histories, collected by the authors through interviews with Indian people, and data from primary archival sources and publications.
The essays that follow represent a small sample of themes that concern Indian people, who believe that their values, opinions, and version of historical processes and events are seldom portrayed fairly, if at all, in Western literature. This preoccupation with telling their history is all the more relevant in the context of government–to–government consultation between American Indian tribes and federal agencies, wherein productive debates about land management and resource preservation issues hinge on a shared understanding of why the land and its resources are important to Indian people and how Indian people lost control over them. It is precisely under the auspices of such a shared understanding between the Nevada Test Site and Nellis Air Force Base and several Indian tribes and organizations from Nevada, California, Arizona, and Utah that this historical study was conducted.
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Harthen, David. "The logistics of ancient Greek land warfare." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272587.
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Irwin, Amber. "The history of the Areopagos council from the origins to Ephialtes." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97034.
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The Areopagos Council was one of Athens' most archaic and respected institutions. Despite the efforts of historians in antiquity and today its origin, importance, and functions remain ambiguous. Most scholarship on the Areopagos focuses on isolated events in the council's history or the particularities of its powers. This has produced a series of specific studies, which in isolation do not help historians understand the Areopagos' greater role in Athens' political culture. This investigation will re-examine ancient literary accounts and epigraphic evidence in order to reassess the early history of the Areopagos from Athens' monarchical period to the reforms of Ephialtes. It will be demonstrated that the Areopagos originated as an informal council of elders during Athens' monarchical period and evolved into a powerful governing body whose importance waned only after Ephialtes' reforms. Assessing the changing role of the Areopagos over time will allow scholars to better understand the development of this institution and the changing nature of Athenian government.Le conseil de l'Aréopage était une des institutions les plus anciennes et les plus respectées d'Athènes. Son origine, son importance et ses fonctions demeurent ambigües en dépit des efforts des historiens anciens et modernes. La plupart des travaux modernes sur l'Aréopages se concentrent sur des événements isolés dans l'histoire de ce conseil ou sur les particularités de ses pouvoirs. Cela a donné lieu à une série d'études spécifiques qui, lorsqu'on les considère individuellement, ne sont pas d'un grand secours aux historiens pour apprécier le rôle d'ensemble de l'Aréopage dans la culture politique d'Athènes. Cette enquête réexaminera les sources littéraires et épigraphiques pour tenter de réévaluer l'histoire de l'Aréopage de la période monarchique jusqu'aux réformes d'Éphialtès. Il sera démontré que l'Aréopage avait ses origines dans un conseil de vieillards qui existait a l'époque monarchique d'Athènes et qui évolua jusqu'a devenir un puissant organe de gouvernement dont l'importance déclina seulement après les réformes d'Éphialtès. Examiner l'évolution du rôle de l'Aréopage à travers le temps permettra aux historiens de mieux comprendre le développement de cette institution et la nature changeante du gouvernement athénien.
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Rawls, Orlando Julius. "Bes: The Ancient Egyptian Way of Initiation." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2018. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/124.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore Osiris’s role in the Book of the Dead[1] to unearth the ancient Egyptian connotation for the term death. This study contends that western scholars have debased the arcane expression of death to literal interpretation. The basic function of ancient Egyptian scripture was to instruct man’s soul into deity—in the earthly realm. This investigation suggests the ancient Egyptian priesthood instituted this esoteric philosophy in scripture to adumbrate this grand idea death, which was Bes—to be initiated. The third century A.D. witnessed the development of Christianity in northeast Africa and subsequent rise of the Western world, delivering the fatal blow to ancient theology sending the art of esotericism into obscurity for centuries. The discovery of the Rosetta Stone would help to reestablish portions of this lost science. Thus, this inquiry aims to restore the sublime philosophy to the Book of the Dead so that its purpose is properly understood.
[1] The indigenous term for the Book of the Dead is prt m hrw or Book of Coming Forth by Day.
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Pitts, Audrey. "The Cult of the Deified King in Ur III Mesopotamia." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467243.
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The topic of divine kingship in Mesopotamia, and in the Ur III period (ca. 2112-2004 B.C.E.) in particular, has been the subject of studies focused on aspects such as its ideology, rhetoric, political motivation, and place in the history of religion. This dissertation is concerned with more pragmatic aspects of the phenomenon, and investigates what, if any, effect the institution of divine kingship had on day-to-day life. The Ur III period was selected both because four of its five kings were deified during their lifetime, and over 95,000 administrative, i.e. non-ideologically oriented, records dating to this period are available for analysis. The main focus of this thesis is on cult, the essential signifier of divinity in that society, and, specifically, on the manner in which the cult of the deified king was established, extended, and popularized. The primary source utilized was the Base de Datos de Textos Neo-Sumerios (BDTNS).
The first chapter demonstrates that at the center of the cult of the deified king were effigies that underwent numerous ritual treatments and were housed in both their own and in other deities' temples, and that in these respects the king's cult was identical to those of the traditional gods. A list of the individual statues and their locations is provided, in chronological order of attestation. Areas where ramifications of the king's godhood might be identified outside of cult are also addressed. The chapter is bracketed by discussions of divine kingship in the immediately preceding (Sargonic) and following (Isin-Larsa) periods, for comparative purposes.
The second chapter provides evidence that processions of cult statues by boat and chariot, and offering before them at specific festivals and sites outside of temples were relatively common events. As cult images of the deified kings were among those so treated, it is clear that the Ur III kings saw the benefit of these practices, with their concomitant festivities, banquets and entertainment, for publicizing their own cult among the largely illiterate populace. In addition, I analyzed the movements and activities of the king himself, as recorded in the administrative archives. These show that the kings were frequently in the public eye as they traveled, mainly by boat, among the cities of southern Babylonia, to ritual events both in- and outside of temple settings.
The third chapter addresses the issue of the effect of the concerted efforts to publicize the king's cult on the population at large. settling on onomastics as the best proxy for determining the public's reaction available. Two hundred and sixty-seven individual names in which the name of the deified king was used as a theophoric element are identified, with Šulgi, the second Ur III king and the first of that dynasty to be deified during during his life, the most popular honorée by far. I examine the statements that the holders of these names are making about a particular divine king, and show that virtually all such names have a counterpart incorporating the name of a traditional deity. I also provide a representative sampling of the people who were given or had adopted such names in terms of their sex, ethnicity, and job title or function in order to determine if this practice was limited to a particular demographic, and conclude that it was widespread, affecting all levels of society. From this I deduce that the deliberate efforts of the kings to popularize their cult may be termed successful.
An appendix contains two tables summarizing the onomastic material. Table A lists all of the names in which the king's was incorporated as the theophoric element, along with their translation. Table B provides the data that was used to differentiate among the individual persons who bore one of the names listed in Table A.Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
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Yirga, Felege-Selam Solomon. "The Chronicle of John of Nikiu: Historical Writing in Post-Roman Egypt." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594681955418996.
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Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd. "Women and veiling in the ancient Greek world." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251431.
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Edwards, Catharine. "Transgression and control : studies in ancient Roman immorality." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272621.
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Lee, Annie. "The History of Contraception: From Ancient Superstitions to Modern Science." The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626587.
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Moore, Megan Bishop. "Philosophy and practice in writing a history of ancient Israel /." New York [u.a.] : T & T Clark, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0610/2006007656.html.
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Zugl.: @Diss.Includes bibliographical references and index. Current philosophical issues in history writing -- Evaluating and using evidence -- Assumptions and practices of historians of ancient Israel -- In the mid-twentieth century -- Assumptions and practices of minimalist historians of ancient Israel -- Non-minimalist historians of ancient Israel.
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Marsden, James. "Ancient history in British universities and public life, 1715-1810." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:27429822-4a59-4608-ad69-4e6b1c9c4570.
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Over the eighteenth century, ancient history was increasingly read in English, appearing in new forms and interpretations. This reflected the development of history in universities as a subject not merely read, but taught. This teaching took on many forms: serving as a predecessor to other studies, building a knowledge base of case studies for 'higher' subjects, or (increasingly) an independent subject. What ancient history was taught, how was it taught, why was it taught, and what did students go on to use it for? Ancient history as an independent subject had a limited role in the curriculum despite the foundation of Chairs of History in most universities. When it was taught as such, the focus was on explaining modern institutions via ancient comparisons; on the training of statesmen by classical examples; or, more rarely, on demonstrating a particular conception of social development. These uses of history could be seen across both national and subject boundaries. Whilst differences between universities are evident, evidence in the teaching of history suggests the absolute dichotomy between the English and Scottish systems has been overstated. The interesting case of Trinity College Dublin suggests common features across Britain in how 'liberal education' was conceived of and how history fit into it. The practical application of ancient history to the education of statesmen may be seen in the variety of ways it was used in political discourse. This is explored mainly in Parliament, the ultimate destination of the "statesmen" in whose training history was supposed to play a large part, via debates over questions of empire and imperial rights in the second half of the eighteenth century. Superior knowledge of ancient history constituted a rhetorical claim to the twin statuses of gentleman, being classically-educated, and statesman - showing understanding of historical context and precedent.
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Elitzur, Yoel. "Ancient place names in the Holy Land preservation and history /." Jerusalem : Winona Lake, Indiana : the Hebrew University Magnes Press ; Eisenbrauns, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39200608c.
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Basé sur la thèse (Ph.D.) de l'auteur (Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim, 1993), dont le titre est : Shemot meḳomot ʻatiḳim she-nishtamru befi ha-ʻArvim ba-arets.Bibliogr. p. [388]-409. Index.
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Blouin, Baptiste. "Event extraction from facsimiles of ancient documents for history studies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0453.
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À l'heure de la numérisation massive des sources historiques, l'extraction automatique des événements est une étape cruciale dans le traitement des textes historiques. Le traitement des événements est un domaine de recherche actif dans la communauté du traitement automatique du langage naturel, mais les ressources et les systèmes sont principalement développés pour le traitement des textes contemporains.Dans ce contexte, cette thèse vise à extraire automatiquement des événements à partir de documents historiques.Cette thèse propose des échanges pluridisciplinaires afin d'adapter les ontologies récentes à des fins de recherche en histoire.Au-delà des besoins spécifiques des humanités numériques, les documents historiques OCRisés datant de plus d'un siècle sont loin de ce que les approches contemporaines ont l'habitude de traiter. Que ce soit au niveau de la diachronie, de la qualité et de l'adaptation au domaine, le traitement de ce type de document pose des problèmes majeurs en TAL. Nous proposons alors des techniques d'adaptation au domaine combinant l'utilisation d'architectures spécialisées récentes et des étapes de prétraitement, permettant de réduire l'impact de ces difficultés tout en tirant parti des ressources contemporaines.Enfin, sur la base d'un paradigme récent consistant à traduire des tâches comme un problème de questions-réponses, nous proposons un pipeline d'extraction d'événement adapté au traitement de documents historiques. De l'extraction d'un mot déclenchant un événement dans une phrase à la représentation de plus d'un siècle d'événements sous forme de graphes, nous proposons une exploration ciblée d'une grande quantité de sources historiquesIn the current era of massive digitization of historical sources, the automatic extraction of events is a crucial step when dealing with historical texts. Event processing is an active area of research in the Natural Language Processing community, but resources and systems are mainly developed for processing contemporary texts.In this context, this thesis aims at automatically extracting events from historical documents.This thesis proposes multidisciplinary exchanges in order to adapt recent ontologies to historical research purposes.Beyond the specific needs of the digital humanities, OCRized historical documents ranging from more than a century are far from what contemporary approaches are used to deal with. Whether in terms of diachrony, quality or adaptation to the domain, the processing of this type of document poses major problems in NLP. We then suggest domain adaptation technics combining the use of recent specialized architectures and pre-processing steps, allowing to reduce the impact of these difficulties while taking advantage of contemporary resources.Finally, based on a recent paradigm consisting of translating tasks as a question and answer problem, we propose an event extraction pipeline suitable for processing historical documents. From the extraction of a word triggering an event in a sentence to a representation of more than a century of events in the form of graphs, we propose a targeted exploration of a large quantity of historical sources
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Griffiths, William Rhys. "Deep Time Dreaming: Uncovering Ancient Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17562.
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This thesis charts the development of the modern discipline of Aboriginal archaeology and the shifting cultural and political climate in which it has emerged. It is a history of the people, places and ideas that have shaped our understanding of ancient Australia. Each chapter explores an individual’s relationship with an archaeological site or region, beginning with John Mulvaney’s excavation at Fromm’s Landing (Tungawa) and Isabel McBryde’s field surveys across New England. These interwoven portraits reveal the changes within the discipline from the 1950s through to the era of the Mabo and Wik decisions of 1992 and 1996. They also offer an episodic view of how archaeological insights have filtered into the public sphere. The chapters explore the controversy that engulfed Rhys Jones with the release of the film The Last Tasmanian and the tragic repercussions of Richard and Betsy Gould’s ethno-archaeological work in the Western Desert. They reflect on the place of the Willandra Lakes, Arnhem Land and the Franklin River in the national imagination and the powerful roles played by Aboriginal leaders such as Alice Kelly, Frank Gurrmanamana and Rosalind Langford in shaping research in these regions. The chapters also address the early history of rock art research in Australia, debates about social change over millennia and the discovery of Pleistocene dates for colonisation. Interspersed throughout are short ‘interludes’ that analyse the institutional development of the discipline and the rise of the parallel field of Aboriginal history. Although influenced by international ideas, Australian archaeology is distinctive for its close engagement with the culture and politics of the first Australians and their histories of invasion, dispossession, adaptation and self-determination. This thesis argues that the richness of Indigenous history is to be found not only in its depth, but also in its dynamism and diversity over time. It makes the case for the immense archaeological story that has been uncovered and interpreted over the past sixty years to be recognised as the opening chapters of Australian history.
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Bolis, Alessia Claudia. "A social history of the Campania in the fourth century." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286238.
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Dossani, Khairunessa. "Virtue and veiling| Perspectives from ancient to Abbasid times." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1547087.
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This thesis establishes a link between conceptions of female virtue and the practice of veiling by women from ancient to medieval times in the Mediterranean region. This is evidenced by the consistent advocacy and prescription of veiling in ancient and medieval theological texts, including Jewish, Christian, Zoroastrian, and Islamic texts. Veiling practices are shown to have a religious foundation, grounded in the ideas of honor and virtue. These notions were reflected in society over time with veiled aristocratic noblewomen and unveiled marginalized classes. While acknowledging class-based theories of female veiling, the thesis concentrates on the religious factors for veiling, particularly for medieval Muslim societies. The argument of this thesis is that while veiling did not originate in Islamic societies, Muslims validated the practice through their own literature and laws. The paper also includes evidence of female seclusion, which co-exists with the spread in the practice of veiling by women.
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Liedeman, Gwendolene Caren. "Magic in the ancient Near East with special reference to ancient Israel." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52924.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this investigation an anthropological and comparative approach was employed in the study of magic in the ancient Near East. Firstly, a survey was presented with regard to anthropological theories throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This forms the background against which evidence on magic with respect to the cultures of the ancient Near East is investigated. Secondly, examples of magic in the Ancient Near East was discussed, with reference to Egypt, Mesopotamia and Hittite Anatolia. Reference was made to categories such as magic spells, objects, rituals and magical experts (magicians) and various examples were discussed. Thirdly, an analysis was made about the phenomenon of magic in ancient Israel. In this context magic plays a somewhat different role in comparison to its other ancient Near Eastern neighbours. It was shown that so-called miraculous actions, miracle workers (prophets) and other religious actions (curses and blessings) in the Hebrew Bible could definitely be associated with magic. The frequent prohibitions against magical practises furthermore suggest that magic was indeed been practiced in ancient Israel.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie ondersoek met betrekking tot magie in die ou Nabye Ooste word gebruik gemaak van 'n antropologiese en vergelykende benadering. Eerstens word 'n oorsig aangebied van antropologiese teorieë met betrekking tot magie in die negentiende en twintigste eeue. Dit vorm die agtergrond waarteen die verskynsel van magie in die ou Nabye Ooste ondersoek word. Tweedens word voorbeelde van magie in die ou Nabye Ooste ondersoek, met verwysing na Egipte, Mesopotamië en die Hetiete. Spesiale aandag word gegee aan kategorieë soos magiese spreuke, magiese objekte, rituele en magiese spesialiste. Dit word toegelig met verskillende toepaslike voorbeelde. Derdens word 'n ondersoek gedoen na die aard van magie in Oud-Israel. In hierdie konteks het magie ietwat van 'n ander rol vervul in vergelyking met die ander ou Nabye Oosterse bure. Daar word aangedui dat sekere wonderdade, wonderwerkers (profete), en ander religieuse aksies (vervloekinge en seënuitsprake) in die Hebreeuse Bybel met magie geassosieer kan word. Die vele verbiedinge teen die beoefening van magie is 'n duidelike aanduiding dat magie inderdaad in Israel gepraktiseer is.
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Adali, Selim Ferruh. "Umman-manda and its Significance in the First Millennium BC." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4890.
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Umman-manda (literally “Troops of Manda”) is an Akkadian compound expression used to denote military entities and/or foreign peoples in a diverse number of texts pertaining to separate periods of ancient Near Eastern history. The dissertation initially discusses the various difficulties in ascertaining the etymology of the second component of the term Umman-manda. A very plausible etymology is proposed based on new research on the semantic range of the Sumerian word mandum. The thesis then focuses mainly on the references made to the Umman-manda in the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian sources, where it is used to denote the Cimmerians and Medes respectively. The starting point is that these references are making literary allusions to the Standard Babylonian version of the Cuthaean Legend. New information gained from these literary allusions provides insight into the significance of the term Umman-manda in the first millennium B.C.: it recalls the various attributes of the Umman-manda depicted in the Cuthaean Legend and applies these attributes to contemporary political events. The Cuthaean Legend envisions a powerful enemy that emerges unexpectedly from the distant mountains and establishes hegemony after a sudden burst of military power. This enemy will eventually be destroyed without the intervention of the Mesopotamian king. The thesis studies how the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian sources allude to the Cuthaean Legend and in this way they identify the Cimmerians and the Medes as the Umman-manda.
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Adali, Selim Ferruh. "Umman-manda and its Significance in the First Millennium BC." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4890.
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Doctor of PhilosophyUmman-manda (literally “Troops of Manda”) is an Akkadian compound expression used to denote military entities and/or foreign peoples in a diverse number of texts pertaining to separate periods of ancient Near Eastern history. The dissertation initially discusses the various difficulties in ascertaining the etymology of the second component of the term Umman-manda. A very plausible etymology is proposed based on new research on the semantic range of the Sumerian word mandum. The thesis then focuses mainly on the references made to the Umman-manda in the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian sources, where it is used to denote the Cimmerians and Medes respectively. The starting point is that these references are making literary allusions to the Standard Babylonian version of the Cuthaean Legend. New information gained from these literary allusions provides insight into the significance of the term Umman-manda in the first millennium B.C.: it recalls the various attributes of the Umman-manda depicted in the Cuthaean Legend and applies these attributes to contemporary political events. The Cuthaean Legend envisions a powerful enemy that emerges unexpectedly from the distant mountains and establishes hegemony after a sudden burst of military power. This enemy will eventually be destroyed without the intervention of the Mesopotamian king. The thesis studies how the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian sources allude to the Cuthaean Legend and in this way they identify the Cimmerians and the Medes as the Umman-manda.
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Swidzinski, Andrew. "Some minor magistrates of the Roman Republic: a political history of the quaestorship and the aedileship." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86897.
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This work deals with the evolution of the magistracies of quaestor and aedile in the Roman Republic (509-49 BC). The treatment of the subject is based primarily upon an analysis of the importance of these magistracies within the political realm and within the context of the political career of the individual aristocrat on the path of the cursus honorum. Firstly, the origins and the development of these magistracies during the first centuries of the Republic are discussed. Secondly, it turns to a discussion of the political role of the magistracies; the office of quaestor allowed its occupants to acquire important administrative experience and establish ties with the most important members of the Roman aristocracy. The post of aedile permitted its occupants to obtain the support of the electorate with the holding of games and spectacles, an advantage that was limited by the Senate with unexpected and perverse effects. Both magistracies contributed significantly to the administrative development of the city of Rome and its Empire, but most of all to the process of aristocratic competition which first defined it as a political community before weakening it critically.Cet ouvrage traite de l'évolution des magistratures de questeur et d'édile dans la République Romaine (509 à 49 avant J.C.). Le traitement du sujet est axé surtout sur une analyse de l'importance de ces magistratures sur le plan politique et dans le contexte de la carrière politique de l'aristocrate romain individuel sur la piste du cursus honorum. En premier lieu, les origines et le développement de ces magistratures durant les premiers siècles de la République sont discutés. Ensuite, il est question du rôle politique des magistratures; le poste de questeur a permis à ceux qui l'ont occupé d'acquérir une importante expérience administrative et de tisser des liens avec les membres les plus importants de l'aristocratie Romaine. Le poste d'édile a permis à ceux qui l'ont occupé d'obtenir l'appui de l'électorat avec la tenue de jeux et spectacles, un avantage qui fut limité par le Sénat avec des effets inattendus et pervers. Les deux magistratures ont contribué significativement au développent administratif de la ville de Rome et de son Empire, mais surtout à la concurrence aristocratique qui l'a défini comme communauté politique avant de l'affaiblir.
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Armstrong, Edward John. "Religion and Disaster in Thucydides’ History." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20671.
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This thesis investigates Thucydides’ representation of Greek religion in his account of the Peloponnesian War. It demonstrates that Thucydides did not suppress the ‘religious war for the hearts and minds’ of the Greeks (Hornblower, 1992). In Thucydides, religion informs the outlook of the historical characters by shaping their perception of the world around beliefs about the gods, hope, and fortune, among other religious concepts. In disastrous moments, religious language and ideas are manifested in the speeches and actions of his characters as they make sense of their situation and respond to the threat or impact of military defeat. Thucydides uses a tragic model of writing history to guide his audience into emotive and reflective readings of his disaster narratives. By drawing on tragic themes that support the dramatic portrayal of life in Attic tragedy, Thucydides presents the ancient Greeks’ experience of daily life as it was informed by their religious outlook. Thucydides reveals that he conceptualised structures of religious understanding in a manner similarly displayed in tragedy, and while he seems to encourage some tragic resonance, his method is independent. The accounts of four disasters exemplify Thucydides’ use of a tragic model: the siege and trial of Plataea, the Athenians’ fortification of the sanctuary of Apollo at Delium, the Melian Dialogue, and the Sicilian Expedition. Through these disaster narratives, Thucydides displays the religious dimension of the war that greatly influenced the lives of those involved.
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Wheat, Elizabeth Ruth Josie. "Terrestrial cartography in ancient Mesopotamia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4350/.
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Over one hundred and seventy maps and plans are preserved from the ancient Near East, drawn on clay tablets or inscribed in stone, though a full study of all the available cartographic material from Mesopotamia has never before been undertaken. This thesis offers a critical analysis of these maps and plans, with particular focus on their graphic conventions, typology and function in Near Eastern society. The text on many of these maps is also undeciphered and a number of examples are translated here for the first time, including an unpublished map of an irrigation network in the Schøyen Collection. By examining all this material in a single study, it becomes clear that there was a coherent documentary genre in Mesopotamia which was cartographic in nature, and which served a variety of administrative and planning purposes. The Near Eastern cartographic corpus is also contextualised within the wider history of cartography, so that its place in the global development of graphic mapping can be better understood.
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de, Varennes Philippe. "Exploitations agricoles en Provence du Ier au IIIe siècle : étude comparative des bâtiments." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5564.
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Thériault, Gaétan. "La déesse Concordia à l'époque républicaine." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5759.
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Chamberland, Guy. "Recherches sur les sévirs augustaux de la cité de Nîmes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6469.
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Lang, Alice. "The provisioning of the Ten Thousand." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7905.
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Imagine finding yourself and a group of thousands of fellow citizens stranded in the middle of a strange country, thousands of kilometres away from home. You have just lost your military leader in a battle. You have no provisions and little hope of finding any. There are no maps available and none of you have knowledge as to what type of terrain lies ahead. To complicate matters, you are surrounded by the army of the King whose territory you came to conquer. You are badly outnumbered and you have no cavalry to support you. This is exactly the situation in which the Ten Thousand found themselves in 401 B.C. The account of the courage and success of the Ten Thousand is told by Xenophon in his Anabasis. While much has been written in terms of literary criticism of Xenophon and his Anabasis, not much has been produced regarding the actual logistics of the retreat of the Ten Thousand. The purpose of this thesis is to address that lack by examining one aspect of the Anabasis, namely, the provisioning of the Ten Thousand. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Constant, Marie-Luce. "Recherches sur la condition personnelle et sociale des licteurs à Rome du premier siècle avant notre ère à la fin de l'époque des sévères." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10291.
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Par ce travail de recherche, j'ai tente de reunir les donnees necessaires pour brosser un tableau vraisemblable, sur le plan historique, de la condition personnelle et sociale d'un licteur romain, entre le Ier siecle av. notre ere et la fin du IIe siecle de notre ere. Nous manquons encore de donnees sur la mobilite sociale et la condition personnelle des tranches intermediaires de la population romaine. J'ai entrepris cette etude pour essayer d'apporter une modeste contribution a la connaissance de cet aspect encore flou. Le licteur, qui entre dans la categorie des appariteurs, differe toutefois des autres employes de l'administration publique (viateurs, herauts et scribes notamment) parce que pour les auteurs romains, il est d'abord et avant tout le symbole de l'imperium. Cet aspect a ete abondamment etudie par les chercheurs modernes, mais jusqu'a present, peu d'historiens se sont interesses au personnage qui se cache derriere le symbole, a l'homme, au "fonctionnaire". Qui devenait licteur? Pourquoi et comment devenait-on licteur? Dans quelles conditions un licteur exercait-il son metier? S'agissait-il d'un "metier" au sens habituel du terme? Le licteur pouvait-il s'interesser a d'autres activites? Quelle etait la place du licteur dans la societe romaine? J'ai exploite le materiel epigraphique, les sources litteraires et, dans une mesure moindre, les temoignages iconographiques pour tenter d'apporter des reponses a ces questions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Hendricks, David J. "Culturae Africae: Rural Labour and the Organization of Agriculture during the Principate." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22508.
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Huot, Patrizia. "The emperor, the army and the coinage, four quantitative studies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ26331.pdf.
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Dowsing, Susan. "Contraception and abortion in the early Roman Empire, a critical examination of ancient sources and modern interpretations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57109.pdf.
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Limoges, Sarah. "Reconstructing religion: Augustus and the «Fratres Arvales»." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95063.
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The following thesis is an examination of the underlying reasons for the re-establishment of the cult of the Arval Brothers under Augustus, the first Roman Emperor (31 BC-AD14). It aims to prove that the re-foundation of this archaic Roman cult fits within the parameters of Augustus' religious, as well as political reforms after the victory at Actium in 31 BC. Moreover, it seeks to determine the reasons behind the choice of this particular cult. Although Augustus had significantly reduced the number of men in the Senate, there was still a bottleneck for the few major political offices available. Thus, he decided to give out priesthoods as thanks to his loyal supporters, and to reward those that had crossed over to his side. The members of the brotherhood in 21 BC are highly prominent men both militarily and politically, and this shows that Augustus wanted to solidify his support among the members of the aristocracy.La présente thèse est une examination des raisons sous-jacentes du rétablissement du culte des Frères Arvales sous Auguste, le premier empereur Romain (31av. J.-C.-14 de notre ère). Elle propose de prouver que le rétablissement de ce culte romain archaïque s'accorde avec les paramètres des réformes politique et religieuse suivant la victoire à Actium en 31 av. J.-C. De plus, elle cherche à déterminer les raisons derrière le choix de ce culte en particulier. Malgré qu'Auguste avait réduit le nombre d'hommes siégeant au Sénat, il y avait toujours une route étroite menant aux offices les plus prestigieuses. Donc, il octroya des prêtrises pour remercier ses supporteurs et pour récompenser ceux qui avaient choisi de changer de camp. Les membres de la fraternité des Frères Arvales en 21 av. J.-C. sont des hommes très proéminent dans les domains de la politique ainsi que dans l'armée, et ceci démontre qu'Auguste voulait solidifier l'appui des membres de l'aristocracie.
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Kleinman, Brahm. "Ambitus in the Late Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.)." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107806.
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This study provides an analysis of the electoral practice of ambitus, usually translated as electoral bribery, during the last generation of the Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.). It offers a broader definition of ambitus as "an exaggeration of traditional electoral practices" and argues that it should not be considered a form of corruption in the context of late Republican politics. Ambitus had several important symbolic and practical functions that made it an indispensable part of canvassing, but was not primarily a method for candidates to obtain the votes of poorer citizens. Opposition to ambitus, whether in the form of legislation, prosecutions or invective, did not stem from moral outrage but from practical concerns and the specific political goals of individual aristocrats. Senators hoped to use legislation and prosecutions against ambitus to advance their own careers. At the same time, aristocratic competition had intensified due to the constitutional reforms enacted during Sulla's dictatorship. It was recognized that ever increasing expenditure was necessary to win elections. The political elite thus considered the rising scale of ambitus to be a destabilizing factor in late Republican politics and attempted to regulate it.Cette étude offre une analyse de la pratique électorale d'ambitus, traduit habituellement comme corruption électorale, au cours de la dernière génération de la république Romaine (80-50 avant J.-C.). L'auteur offre une définition plus large d'ambitus comme étant « une exagération des pratiques électorales traditionnelles » et affirme que cela ne devrait pas être considéré une forme de corruption dans le contexte de l'apogée de la politique républicaine. L'ambitus servait plusieurs importantes fonctions symboliques et pragmatiques qui en faisaient une partie indispensable du démarchage électoral. Néanmoins, ce n'était pas principalement une méthode d'obtention, pour les candidats, des votes des citoyens les plus pauvres. L'opposition à ambitus, que ce soit sous la forme de lois, de poursuites ou d'invective, ne parvenait pas d'une indignation morale de la population, mais plutôt des préoccupations et des objectifs politiques de certains aristocrates. Ces sénateurs espéraient approprier l'effort contre l'ambitus pour avancer leurs propres carrières. En même temps, alors que la compétition entre aristocrates s'intensifiait en raison des réformes constitutionnelles de la dictature de Sulla, il a été reconnu que ces dépenses, devenus de plus en plus nécessaires pour effectuer l'ambitus et gagner les élections, étaient une force de déstabilisation dans la politique républicaine. Les élites politiques donc essayaient de le réglementer.
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Vadan, Paul. "Ephesos after Alexander: Socio-Political transformations in Western Asia Minor during the early Hellenistic period." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103651.
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The present study deals with the socio-political transformations in the city of Ephesos in the early Hellenistic period. It shows that during the tumultuous months after the death of Alexander the Great, the Ephesian community sought to re-establish internal and regional stability by appealing to the Macedonian Successors for support. This was achieved at the meeting of Ephesos in the summer of 322 BC, as attested by a detailed epigraphic study of a series of local inscriptions (I. Ephes. 1430-1437). The meeting addressed issues over Ionian democracy and privileges, as well as Macedonian hegemonia, in conformity with the precedents set by Alexander. Its successful conclusion saw Ephesos emerge as the leading and representative member of the Ionian koinon.La présente étude a comme sujet les transformations sociopolitiques dans la cite d'Ephesos dans la haute période hellénistique. Elle montre que pendant les mois tumultueux après la mort d'Alexandre le Grand, la communauté d'Éphèse a cherché à rétablir la stabilité interne et régionale en appelant aux Successeurs Macédoniens. Ce but a été atteint lors de la réunion a Ephese pendant l'été de 322 av-JC, comme il est atteste par un étude épigraphique détaillé d'une une série des inscriptions locales (I. Ephes. 1430-1437). La réunion a abordé des questions concernant la démocratie et privilèges Ioniennes, aussi que la hegemonia Macédonienne, en conformité avec les précédents mis pas Alexandre. Son succès a vu émerger Ephese en tant que membre dirigeant et représentant du koinon Ionienne.