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Poletti, Neto Walter. "The rime of the ancient mariner” em diferentes narrativas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8141.
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The main objective of this dissertation is to investigate the dialogue between the romantic poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798, and its transcreation – concept proposed by Haroldo de Campos – in the homonymous song released by the heavy-metal group Iron Maiden. Based on three levels of analysis of both texts, according to Fredric Jameson dialectical critic, this interpretation will make evident or clear, in the very first moment, which elements of the poem are approached or neglected in Steve Harris’ adaptation, leader, founder and main songwriter of the British group; simultaneously, a comparison between the form of the texts will be made to list important elements such as rime and meter, verses and stanzas, fable, “characters”, and others. In the second moment, the analysis must point out how nature and religion, illustrated in elements such as the sea, rain, snow, fog and mist, Sun and Moon, wind and breeze, beautiful or slimy living things, prayers, sin and “shrieve” made critics such as Franca Neto, John Lowes, Alexander Silva and Tania Asnes to interpret the poem as imaginative, subjective or religious, connected to what Fredric Jameson calls strategies of containment. The third level of reading will bring up the History hidden under the surface of the work of arts, or in other words, an social-aesthetical reading or an “political interpretation of the literary texts” (JAMESON, 1992, p. 15) supported specially in the concepts of mediation – “the establishment of relationships between, say, the formal analysis of a work of art and its social ground, or between the internal dynamics of the political state and its economic base” (ROBERTS, 2000, p. 78, 79), verifying acts socially symbolic revealed in a final analysis.
O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar o diálogo entre o poema romântico The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, de Samuel Taylor Coleridge, publicado originalmente em 1798, e sua transcriação – conceito proposto por Haroldo de Campos – na música homônima do grupo de heavy-metal Iron Maiden. A análise dos textos se dá em três níveis, de acordo com a crítica dialética de Fredric Jameson. Em primeira instância, a análise evidenciará quais elementos do primeiro são abordados ou negligenciados na releitura de Steve Harris, líder, fundador e principal compositor do grupo britânico; simultaneamente, caberá uma comparação entre a forma dos textos, elencando elementos fundamentais da estrutura como rima e métrica, versos e estrofes, fábula, “personagens”, entre outros. Num segundo momento, a análise deverá salientar como a natureza e a religião, a partir de elementos como mar, chuva, neve, névoa, Sol e Lua, ventos e brisas, criaturas divinas belas ou assustadoras, orações, pecado e absolvição levaram críticos como Franca Neto, John Lowes, Alexander Silva e Tania Asnes interpretaram o poema como imaginativo, subjetivo ou religioso, prendendo-se àquilo que Fredric Jameson denomina estratégias de contenção. Traremos à tona a História oculta por debaixo da superfície das obras a fim de ampliar nossa leitura ao plano estético-social ou, segundo proposto por Fredric Jameson em “O Inconsciente Político”, uma “interpretação política dos textos literários” (JAMESON, 1992, p. 15) apoiada especialmente nos conceitos de mediação – “relações entre a análise formal de uma obra de arte e seu chão social” (JAMESON, 1992, p. 35), verificando atos socialmente simbólicos a serem revelados à luz de uma análise final.
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Engdahl, Max. "Iron Maiden, Coleridge, and the Ancient Mariner : A comparative analysis of stylistics in Iron Maiden's and Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80500.
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This essay is a comparative analysis of stylistics in Iron Maiden’s adaptation of Samuel T. Coleridge’s Rime of the ancient mariner. The essay employs the following concepts: the poetic function of language, the referential function of language, parallelism, and meter to investigate stylistic differences and conformity between the two texts. Furthermore, the essay also discusses how the stylistic elements affect meaning, especially regarding the theme of sin and redemption, and the extent to which the meaning of Iron Maiden’s text conforms to, differs from, or is informed by Coleridge’s poem.
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Pacheco, Katie. "The Buddhist Coleridge: Creating Space for The Rime of the Ancient Mariner within Buddhist Romantic Studies." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/937.
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The popularization of academic spaces that combine Buddhist philosophy with the literature of the Romantic period – a discipline I refer to as Buddhist Romantic Studies – have exposed the lack of scholarly attention Samuel Taylor Coleridge and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner have received within such studies. Validating Coleridge’s right to exist within Buddhist Romantic spheres, my thesis argues that Coleridge was cognizant of Buddhism through historical and textual encounters. To create a space for The Rime within Buddhist Romantic Studies, my thesis provides an interpretation of the poem that centers on the concept of prajna, or wisdom, as a vital tool for cultivating the mind. Focusing on prajna, I argue that the Mariner’s didactic story traces his cognitive voyage from ignorance to enlightenment. By examining The Rime within the framework of Buddhism, readers will also be able to grasp the importance of cultivating the mind and transcending ignorance.
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Remblance, Michelle. "'All this 'pother about a bird' : consciousness and conscience in The Rime of The Ancient Mariner by S.T. Coleridge." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/42358/.
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This PhD consists of a novel entitled Shooting the Albatross and a thesis entitled 'All This ‘Pother About a Bird': Consciousness and Conscience in The Rime of The Ancient Mariner by S.T.Coleridge. The novel is an interpretation of The Rime of The Ancient Mariner in the context of the poem’s forerunner The Wanderings Of Cain. The thesis is a discussion of my interpretation, in the context of a range of academic readings of the poem. In Part One of my thesis I discuss how the albatross came to be incorporated into the poem, what the albatross has signified to various critics in the last two hundred years, and what range of explanations have been given for the shooting of the bird. I then offer my own examination of the shooting of the albatross, as a conscious act of the diseased will, discussing how and why I have incorporated this interpretation into Part One of my novel. In Part Two of my thesis I discuss Part Two of my novel with reference to Coleridge’s poem as a journey from a state of the ‘impure will,’ or a diseased consciousness and disconnection from God, towards temporary reconnection and increased consciousness through the act of blessing the snakes. Part Three of the novel is discussed in the third part of the thesis, where I examine critical reactions to the message in The Rime of The Ancient Mariner ‘to love all creatures great and small’. I discuss my interpretation of the message in relation to the novel, and in the context of twenty-first century environmental concerns.
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Heller, Caroline. "EQUIVOCAL LIFE:LYRICS OF (NON)LIVINGNESS IN S.T COLERIDGE'S "RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER" (1798) AND CHARLOTTE SMITH'S BEACHY HEAD (1807)." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1374066876.
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Resende, Helena Maria Pereira. "Percursos irónicos da escrita poética de Samuel Taylor Coleridge : Para uma leitura da Biographia Literaria e de "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"." Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2000. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000105220.
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A dissertação procura apresentar uma leitura do poema "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" à luz da ironia romântica. Dado que o autor do poema - Samuel Taylor Coleridge - desenvolveu uma teoria poética na sua obra Biographia Literaria, que se considera fundamental para esta leitura da procura, o primeiro capítulo aborda a auto-reflexão consciente do autor em relação aos filósofos idealistas alemães que o influenciaram. Este capítulo analisa ainda um autor simultaneamente crítico da sua obra, da sua vida e das tradições que o rodeiam a partir de uma enunciação em primeira pessoas. O segundo capítulo centra-se no poema "The Rime" numa perspectiva interna ao poema e o terceiro capítulo aborda a sua recepção numa perspectiva externa e sua relação com a recepção interna do poema.
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Resende, Helena Maria Pereira. "Percursos irónicos da escrita poética de Samuel Taylor Coleridge : Para uma leitura da Biographia Literaria e de "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"." Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/13028.
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A dissertação procura apresentar uma leitura do poema "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" à luz da ironia romântica. Dado que o autor do poema - Samuel Taylor Coleridge - desenvolveu uma teoria poética na sua obra Biographia Literaria, que se considera fundamental para esta leitura da procura, o primeiro capítulo aborda a auto-reflexão consciente do autor em relação aos filósofos idealistas alemães que o influenciaram. Este capítulo analisa ainda um autor simultaneamente crítico da sua obra, da sua vida e das tradições que o rodeiam a partir de uma enunciação em primeira pessoas. O segundo capítulo centra-se no poema "The Rime" numa perspectiva interna ao poema e o terceiro capítulo aborda a sua recepção numa perspectiva externa e sua relação com a recepção interna do poema.
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Waldbauer, Jacob Richard. "Molecular Biogeochemistry of modern and ancient marine microbes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57991.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Biological activity has shaped the surface of the earth in numerous ways, but life's most pervasive and persistent global impact has been the secular oxidation of the surface environment. Through primary production - the biochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to synthesize biomass - large amounts of oxidants such as molecular oxygen, sulfate and ferric iron have accumulated in the ocean, atmosphere and crust, fundamentally altering the chemical environment of the earth's surface. This thesis addresses aspects of the role of marine microorganisms in driving this process. In the first section of the thesis, biomarkers (hydrocarbon molecular fossils) are used to investigate the early history of microbial diversity and biogeochemistry. Molecular fossils from the Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, document the presence in the oceans of a diverse microbiota, including eukaryotes, as well as oxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic biochemistry, by ca. 2.7Ga. Experimental study of the oxygen requirements of steroid biosynthesis suggests that sterane biomarkers in late Archean rocks are consistent with the persistence of microaerobic surface ocean environments long before the initial oxygenation of the atmosphere. In the second part, using Prochlorococcus (a marine cyanobacterium that is the most abundant primary producer on earth today) as a model system, we explored how microbes use the limited nutrient resources available in the marine environment to make the protein catalysts that enable primary production. Quantification of the Prochlorococcus proteome over the diel cell-division cycle reveals that protein abundances are distinct from transcript-level dynamics, and that small temporal shifts in enzyme levels can redirect metabolic fluxes. This thesis illustrates how molecular techniques can contribute to a systems-level understanding of biogeochemical processes, which will aid in reconstructing the past of, and predicting future change in, earth surface environment
by Jacob Richard Waldbauer.
Ph.D.
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Khan, Abdul Salam. "Sedimentology of some ancient and modern deep marine lutites." Thesis, Keele University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315422.
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Clark, Julian David. "Architecture and processes in modern and ancient deep-marine channel complexes." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35001.
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Quantitative analysis of modern submarine channels has permitted a more rigorous classification than has hitherto existed. Channel sinuosity varies with slope gradient, reaching a maximum sinuosity at an optimum gradient. Modern submarine channels may be classified by maximum sinuosity and slope gradient giving high-sinuosity, low-gradient, to low-sinuosity, high-gradient channels. This study highlights similarities between the geometry of submarine meanders and those of large terrestrial rivers. An architectural element analysis scheme is presented in this thesis to enable qualitative comparisons between modern and ancient channels. For submarine channels, using this architectural element scheme, two end-member models are proposed for modern and ancient systems. This thesis examines the classic channel-complex deposits of the Eocene Hecho Group, south-central Pyrenees, Spain, to emphasise the range of channel architectural styles found in a foreland basin. Seven distinct channel types are recognised in this basin, generally representing different levels of erosional and depositional architecture and facies. A variety of modern and ancient submarine channel elements have been studied to show that channel architecture is strongly controlled by the type of channelised flow process. Synthesising data from modern and ancient channels provides some predictions about preferential sites of sand accumulation within channel-levee complexes, e.g., at channel bends associated with flow stripping; channel confluences; point bar deposits; channel benches and terraces; channel thalwegs; and other hitrachannel hydraulic jump sites, such as cross channel growth faults.
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French, Katherine L. (Katherine Louise). "Testing the ancient marine redox record from oxygenic photosynthesis to photic zone euxina." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97336.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Tracing the evolution of Earth's redox history is one of the great challenges of geobiology and geochemistry. The accumulation of photosynthetically derived oxygen transformed the redox state of Earth's surface environments, setting the stage for the subsequent evolution of complex life. However, the timing of the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis relative to the Great Oxidation Event (GOE; -2.4 Ga) is poorly constrained. After the deep ocean became oxygenated in the early Phanerozoic, hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic to most aerobes, may have transiently accumulated in the marine photic zone (i.e. photic zone euxinia; PZE) during mass extinctions and oceanic anoxic events. Here, the molecular fossil evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis and eukaryotes is reevaluated, where the results imply that currently existing lipid biomarkers are contaminants. Next, the stratigraphic distribution of green and purple sulfur bacteria biomarkers through geologic time is evaluated to test whether these compounds reflect a water column sulfide signal, which is implicit in their utility as PZE paleoredox proxies. Results from a modern case study underscore the need to consider allochthonous and microbial mat sources and the role of basin restriction as alternative explanations for these biomarkers in the geologic record, in addition to an autochthonous planktonic source.
by Katherine L. French.
Ph. D.
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Kemp, Lucy Valeska. "Ancient stonewall fish traps on the south coast of South Africa : documentation, current use, ecological effects and management implications." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6485.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-54).Ancient intertidal stonewall fish traps are found world-wide and those along the SouthAfrican south coast are the focus of my thesis. These fish traps, known locally as 'vywers', have recently enjoyed much media attention as interest increases in both South Africa's cultural heritage and its diminishing fish stocks. Two pioneering studies, by Goodwin (1946) and Avery (1975), provided the only documented knowledge of these vywers. My study aimed to locate, survey and document the main concentrations of vywers within a 300-km stretch along the south coast. A total of 43 sets of vywers was located by aerial surveys, 30 of which are only accessible through private land. This affords them some measure of protection, together with five located off reserves, but diminishes their educational and tourism value. Four sets of vywers were mapped in detail using aerial photogrammetry, a method that provided a rapid, extensive, accurate survey record in the form of geo-rectified ortho-images of these sites. The vywers are built in both exposed and sheltered environments, constructed from in situ rock material built into walls with either angular or curved shapes. These walls may occur singularly or in complexes of up to 25 traps. Vywers are prone to decimation by wave action and storm damage and so require maintenance to retain their characteristic form and associated cultural information. Tensions have, however, arisen between those who maintain and fish the vywers, and fisheries managers. Data from a questionnaire survey compared with records from the literature showed that species composition has not changed significantly in the last five decades. The fish are caught most frequently during new-moon spring-tides, especially in the winter months. The vywer fishery, currently active at only two sets of vywers, targets primarily mullet species (mostly Liza richardsonii) but infrequently enjoys 'bonanza' catches of over-exploited linefish stocks such as galjoen Dichistius capensis. It is these latter catches that concern managers, in addition to the noncompliance of fishers in terms of catch composition and size, permits and gear.
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Millington, John Justin. "Morphology and architecture of confined-to-unconfined flow transitions in modern and ancient deep-marine systems." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35071.
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Confined-to-unconfined flow transitions in deep-marine systems occur in areas where either a submarine channel passes into a depositional sheet/lobe or a submarine canyon passes into a submarine channel or basin plain. Transition zones are areas of complex interplay between erosive and depositional processes. Much recent research has concentrated on submarine channels or depositional lobes. This thesis attempts to identify characteristic features and deposits associated with zones of confined-to-unconfined flow transition. GLORIA sidescan data from the Bering Sea is studied here in detail to investigate the role of basin configuration in relation to the development of different styles of transition zone within a modern deep-sea environment. A high-resolution study of the channel-mouth of the Petit Rhone Channel in the NW Mediterranean reveals that channel-mouth areas are candidates for an hydraulic jump to occur (Komar 1971). Breaks-in-slope (up to 3) occur in the mouth of the Petit Rhone Channel and have produced a characteristic channel- mouth erosion facies associated with increased flow turbulence. This study used ancient analogues from the Eocene Hecho Supergroup (Mutti et al. 1989) to make detailed investigations into facies and facies associations in areas of inferred transition from channel-to-lobe and from canyons-to-slope. All but one of the turbidite systems of the Hecho Supergroup exhibit submarine channel development The Arro Sandbody does not exhibit features characteristic of a submarine channel deposit. A detailed study of this system illustrates the importance of structural control on turbidite fan development. Uplift in the shelf region associated with the Arro Sandbody may have produced a break-in-slope in the canyon area which allowed flows to become highly turbulent due to hydraulic jump conditions. Other turbidite systems of the Hecho Supergroup exhibit vertical facies variation from a highly erosive facies at the base of the sections to a more depositional facies higher in the sequences. This temporal facies variation can be attributed to slope degradation processes active contemporaneous with sedimentation acting to reduce slope angle and breaks-in-slope. This inferred change in topographic conditions is thought to have direct relevance to transition zone processes. In conclusion, conceptual frameworks for transition zones have been developed, both for modern deep-marine systems and ancient deep-marine systems. The data collected in this study indicates that young fan systems with irregular sea-floor topography, are more likely to develop erosive facies and faces associations in transition zone areas as the irregular topography can cause turbidity flows to hydraulically jump. More mature systems tend to have a smooth sea-floor topography, and this produces more gradual transition zone facies as flows tend not to hydraulically jump.
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Dunn, Philip James Harris. "Marine resource exploitation and consumption amongst ancient human populations : unravelling the carbon isotope signal of bone collagen." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547841.
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Leone, Agostino. "Genetic characterisation and global comparison of ancient Mediterranean Great White Sharks population (Carcharodon carcharias, L.1758)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5115/.
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This study poses as its objective the genetic characterization of the ancient population of
the Great White shark, Carcharodon carcharias, L.1758, present in the Mediterranean
Sea. Using historical evidence, for the most part buccal arches but also whole, stuffed
examples from various national museums, research institutes and private collections, a
dataset of 18 examples coming from the Mediterranean Sea has been created, in order to
increase the informations regarding this species in the Mediterranean.
The importance of the Mediterranean provenance derives from the fact that a genetic
characterization of this species' population does not exist, and this creates gaps in the
knowledge of this species in the Mediterranean.
The genetic characterization of the individuals will initially take place by the extraction
of the ancient DNA and the analysis of the variations in the sequence markers of the
mitochondrial DNA. This approach has allowed the genetic comparison between
ancient populations of the Mediterranean and contemporary populations of the same
geographical area.
In addition, the genetic characterization of the population of white sharks of the
Mediterranean, has allowed a genetic comparison with populations from global "hot
spots", using published sequences in online databases (NCBI, GenBank).
Analyzing the variability of the dataset, both in terms space and time, I assessed the
evolutionary relationships of the Mediterranean population of Great Whites with the
global populations (Australia/New Zealand, South Africa, Pacific USA, West Atlantic),
and the temporal trend of the Mediterranean population variability.
This method based on the sequencing of two portions of mitochondrial DNA genes,
markers showed us how the population of Great White Sharks in the Mediterranean, is
genetically more similar to the populations of the Australia Pacific ocean, American
Pacific Ocean, rather than the population of South Africa, and showing also how the
population of South Africa is abnormally distant from all other clusters. Interestingly,
these results are inconsistent with the results from tagging of this species.
In addition, there is evidence of differences between the ancient population of the
Mediterranean with the modern one. This differentiation between the ancient and
modern population of white shark can be the result of events impacting on this species
occurred over the last two centuries.
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Alberic, Marie. "Etude chimique et structurale de l'ivoire d'éléphant moderne et ancien." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066258/document.
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L'ivoire d'éléphant est un matériau biologique composé de fibres de collagène (CF) à 30 % massique et de particules d'hydroxyapatite carbonatées et enrichies en Mg à 70 % massique (Mg-carb-HAP). Il présente une structure hiérarchique complexe de la macro à la nano-échelle. La relation entre le motif macroscopique de Schreger observé à la surface des sections transverses des défenses et la micro-morphologie de l'ivoire en 3D (réseau tubulaire et orientations secondaires des CF) a été établie. Les marqueurs chimiques (Ca, P, Mg, Sr) et structuraux (épaisseurs et organisation des particules de Mg-carb-HAP) témoins des processus de formation de l'ivoire ont été déterminés. La diagenèse précoce en milieu marin a ensuite été étudiée par une approche physico-chimique combinant les analyses MEB, PIXE/RBS-EBS et SAXS. Les mécanismes d'altération identifiés sont les adsorptions des ions du milieu extérieur (Cl, Sr, Fe, Cu) à la surface des défenses, les échanges entre les ions exogènes et endogènes de l'ivoire et l'augmentation de la cristallinité des Mg-carb-HAP. Bien qu'immergées dans le même environnement diagénétique, les trois défenses du site des Poulins présentent différents états d'altération. Un bon état de préservation macroscopique ne reflète pas forcément un bon état de conservation de la dentine à l'échelle moléculaire. Finalement, l'ancienne polychromie et la dorure d'origine des ivoires d'Arslan Tash (Syrie, 800 av. J.C.) ont été restituées par des analyses non-invasives par FX en plein champ et PIXE/RBS-EBS. Les couleurs identifiées sont: le bleu et le vert égyptiens (Cu), avec des teintes plus ou moins claires (Pb), le rouge et l'orange (Fe)Elephant ivory is a biological material composed of collagen fibers (CF) at 30 wt. % and Mg-enriched carbonated hydroxyapatite particles at 70 wt. % (Mg-carb-HAP). It has a complex hierarchical structure from macro- down to nano-scale. The relationship between the macroscopic Schreger patterns observed on the surface of transverse sections of tuks and the 3D micro-morphology of ivory (tubular network and CF secondary orientations) has been established. Chemical (Ca, P, Mg, Sr) and structural markers (thickness and organization of particles Mg-carb-HAP) which control the formation of ivory have been determined. Early diagenesis in the marine environment was then studied by means of SEM, PIXE/RBS-EBS and SAXS analyses. Diagenetic mechanisms were identified, as ionic adsorptions from marine environment to the tusk surfaces, ionic substitutions between exogenous and endogenous ivory ions and increased crystallinity of Mg-carb-HAP. Different states of preservation were observed among three tusks coming from the same submarine archaeological site. Good macroscopic preservation states of the surface does not necessarily reflect good preservation states of the dentin at the molecular level. Finally, the former polychromy and gilding of ivories from Arslan Tash (Syria, 800 BC.) have been reconstructed by non-invasive FF-FX and PIXE/RBS-EBS analyses. Egyptian blue and green (Cu) with different shades (Pb), as well as red and orange (Fe) have been identified. The gilding technique consisted of applying a 2 µm thick gold leaf. Over time, these decorations altered ivory surfaces inducing, among others, the formation of Au nanoparticles derived from the weathering of the gold leafs
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Bergonzini, Caterina. "Molecular taxonomy and specific diversity of Mediterranean museum collections of ancient sawfish's finds (Chondrichthyes, Pristidae)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Human impact has led to degradation of different marine ecosystems, especially coastal, estuary and river environments, causing the decline of many marine fish populations. Among elasmobranchs one of the most threatened ones are sawfishes (Chondrichthyes, Pristidae), resulting extinct in many coastal areas around the world. In the Mediterranean Sea they occurred with two species, Pristis pristis and P. pectinata, until the second half of the last century. To better understand the baselines and the past distribution of sawfish populations, historical rostra available in the museum collections demonstrated to be value resource.
This study aimed to identify new short genetic markers and a new functional amplification protocol suitable for the specific identification of ancient sawfish’s finds.
A total of 78 rostra specimens, dated 1700-1900 and catalogued as unknown or Mediterranean origin, were collected from 10 European museums and were properly prepared for ancient DNA genetic analysis. Small fragments (118-266bp) of the mitochondrial COI and the NADH2 genes resulted to be useful for the taxonomic identification of 69 rostra at the species level. All the analyses computed in this study, NJ tree reconstruction, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, Characteristic Attribute analysis and P-distance computed between species, showed in full concordance the identification of four sawfish species: P. pristis, P. zijsron, P. pectinata and Anoxypristis cuspidata. A high frequency of mismatches was found between molecular identification and species museum cataloguing, especially between P. pectinata and P. zijsron (72%). Specimens were identified mostly as P. zijsron, even among Mediterranean samples and the presence of two sequence sub-clusters was highlighted in this poorly barcoded species.
In conclusion, this new knowledge requires further investigations on the structure of sawfish populations and on their evolutionary dynamics to identify a suitable conservation policy.
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Gilbertson, Theresa Jane. "A Comparative Analysis of Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Stable Isotopes in Assessing Ancient Coastal Peruvian Diets." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5951.
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This dissertation explores a cross-cultural analysis of the dietary signatures of four coastal cultures of prehistoric Peru. A combination of elemental analysis based on portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF), testing trace elements presented in 209 individuals’ skulls representing the Nazca (38), Cañete (33), Lima (40), and Moche (98) valleys and/or cultures of the first millennium AD, is weighed in conjunction with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to analyze human bone collagen and bone apatite derived from a portion of the individuals represented in the Nazca, Cañete, and Lima cranial samples.
Evidence from the results of both tests are weighed using descriptive statistics supported with bivariate correlations and linear regression to determine that the pXRF data on the trace elements strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and iron (Fe) from the Moche collection do present potential for accurately portraying diet of those individuals represented in this sample. Additional hypotheses tested include potential for preferential diets based on sex, age, and status as well as attempting to place the valley of Cañete in the cultural sphere of either Lima or Nasca during the Early Intermediate Period. While there was no significant statistical difference in diet based on age in any of the individual valley datasets, there was one valley, Nazca, which showed a considerable variation in diet based on sex. From data derived from this particular sample set, there are mixed results in attempting to apply status to a diet of preferential high nitrogen sources such as marine mammals and large fish. In attempting to place Cañete in the cultural sphere of either Lima or Nasca, it was determined that cultural remains appear to be linked predominately to artifacts and practices of the Lima Culture, but the dietary difference in both stable isotope and trace elements signatures combined with the samples which instead aligned more closely with the Nasca Culture suggests that perhaps Cañete was a marginal space which allowed for the settlement and interaction of peoples from both neighboring cultures without prejudice. Overall, results indicate it would be premature to suggest pXRF replace destructive analysis in determination of diet. Due to the small sample size of stable isotopes deemed viable in testing, it is suggested that a larger sample of stable isotopes should be considered in similar testing and that the major elements from pXRF should also be used before a suggestion that destructive analysis was no longer warranted in many cases for deducing diet in ancient populations.
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Fabre, David. "L' organisation du commerce maritime dans l'Egypte Ancienne." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30018.
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Esposito, Serena. "Marins et bateliers dans l'Égypte du IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. : histoire institutionnelle, économique et sociale." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL056.
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Pendant l’Ancien Empire et la Première Période intermédiaire, l’augmentation progressive des activités nautiques individuelles et l’accès à des embarcations privées s’accompagnent d’opérations navales mises en place par le pouvoir central. Ces missions impliquaient le recrutement de chefs d’équipes spécialisés dans la navigation, mais aussi dans la gestion humaine des diverses catégories d’officiers présents à bord. En effet, l’activité de l’ensemble de l’équipage ne se limitait pas à la navigation à proprement parler : les marins étaient aussi directement impliqués dans les différentes phases des misions terrestres. Ils étaient présents dans des opérations militaires et commerciales extérieures ; ils pouvaient aussi intervenir dans le cadre des grands chantiers royaux et dans l’extraction de matières premières dans les mines et carrières. Les sources épigraphiques montrent la capacité d’adaptation de ces fonctionnaires dans différents contextes d’opération. Cette thèse propose une analyse nuancée du rôle administratifs de ces hommes. L’objectif principal est d’illustrer les relations horizontales entre les différents officiers de la marine (hiérarchie interne) et leurs liens verticaux avec les hautes institutions de l’État. La perspective générale est celle d'une institution maritime temporaire dont les acteurs - issus de milieux sociaux différents - étaient occasionnellement et périodiquement impliquésDuring the Old Kingdom and the First intermediate period, in addition to a progressive increase of individual nautical activities giving access to private property of boats and skiffs, an institutional control of some nautical operations implied the recruitment of specialized bureaucrats controlling different categories of crew officials. Their activities were not limited to those on board of the ship: sailors and boatmen were indeed involved in different kinds of land missions. They participated in military and commercial operations in the peripheral regions; they were also in charge of seasonal and periodical tasks in building projects and in quarries, organising the boarding and the transportation of heavy materials from the point of extraction to the point of use. This PhD thesis suggests a nuanced analysis of the administrative role of the most important categories of officials involved in the naval sphere. The main goal is to illustrate the horizontal relations between naval officers and their vertical links with the high state institutions. The general perspective is that of a “temporary” maritime institution whose actors – stemming from different social milieu – were occasionally involved
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Di, Fusco-Le Doussal Josy. "La Difficile insertion d'une commune ancienne dans une ville nouvelle Ris-Orangis et la ville nouvelle d'Evry /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376131895.
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Massari, Francesco. "Species identification of archived fish bones collected from the Mediterranean Sea 100 years ago using molecular techniques." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8085/.
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With the discovery that DNA can be successfully recovered from museum collections, a new source of genetic information has been provided to extend our comprehension of the evolutionary history of species. However, historical specimens are often mislabeled or report incorrect information of origin, thus accurate identification of specimens is essential. Due to the highly damaged nature of ancient DNA many pitfalls exist and particular precautions need to be considered in order to perform genetic analysis. In this study we analyze 208 historical remains of pelagic fishes collected in the beginning of the 20th century. Through the adaptation of existing protocols, usually applied to human remains, we manage to successfully retrieve valuable genetic material from almost all of the examined samples using a guanidine and silica column-based approach. The combined use of two mitochondrial markers cytochrome-oxidase-1(mtDNA COI) and Control Region (mtDNA CR), and the nuclear marker first internal transcriber space (ITS1) allowed us to identify the majority of the examined specimens using traditional PCR and Sanger sequencing techniques. The creation of primers capable of amplifying heavily degraded DNA have great potential for future uses, both in ancient and in modern investigation. The methodologies developed in this study can in fact be applied for other ancient fish specimens as well as cooked or canned samples.
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Mézin-Bourgninaud, Véronique. "Les gouverneurs des colonies sous l’administration royale, de 1763 à 1792." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040089.
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Le personnel des gouverneurs des colonies sous la période royale regroupe les gouverneurs généraux et particuliers qui administrent les colonies françaises de 1763 à 1792 sous l’autorité de la couronne. Le gouverneur est un homme de guerre, choisis par le ministre de la Marine et nommé par le roi. Il s’agit pour lui de défendre un empire, de contrôler les pratiques locales et de veiller à l’exécution des lois du royaume. La nature de la charge et l’étendue des pouvoirs s’adaptent aux circonstances locales, sans oublier la personnalité et l’envergure du titulaire, sa position sociale, les cumuls de fonctions dont il peut bénéficier. Si la place de premier personnage de la colonie, l’appartenance à l’élite administrative et la prérogative de représentant du roi laissent supposer un poste brillant, la réalité est moins reluisante. L’autorité du gouverneur est affaiblie par de nombreux obstacles à un exercice efficace du pouvoir. Le gouverneur tente d’asseoir sa puissance sur d’autres marqueurs distinctifs, mais la réalité de la charge reste peu enviable, faite d’un mélange d’insalubrité et de déplacements, en proie à la méfiance des élites locales ou des autres administrateurs métropolitains. Les compensations financières et l’argument de promettre une place plus avantageuse après le gouvernement sont de plus en plus illusoires au fur et à mesure que le climat se complique à l’approche de la Révolution. La charge de gouverneur des colonies, poste de passage dans une carrière à forte dimension coloniale, est une charge isolée des cercles d’influence de la cour, atypique dans son recrutement et limitée dans les perspectives de carrière qu’elle offre à la fin du XVIIIe siècleThe executive staff of colonial governors under royal period comprises governors-general and individuals who rule the French colonies from 1763 to 1792 by appointment of the crown. The governor is a man of war, appointed by the King on the advice of the Navy Minister. It is for him to defend an Empire, to control local customs and to enforce royal laws. The importance of the position and the range of power that comes with it depend on local circumstances, not to mention the personality and the scale of the holder, his social ranking, and the combining of functions he can benefit from. If being the ruler of the colony, being part of the administrative elite and representing the King suggest both a prestigious and exotic job, reality is less rosy. The governor's authority has to face numerous obstacles, which results in the weakening of the effective ruling of the country. The governor tries to assert power over other distinctive markers, however the office remains unenviable, as it implies squalor and constant travel and is plagued by distrust of local elites or other metropolitan administrators. The financial perks and the promise of a more prestigious position after serving as Colonial governor are increasingly unrealistic as the French Revolution approaches. The office of Colonial governor, one of several steps in a colonial career, is actually isolated from the power and influence which rule the court, atypical in its appointment and provides very few career opportunities
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Vorenger, Justine. "L’exploitation des faunes marines à Qal’at al-Bahreïn (île de Bahreïn, Golfe persique), du Bronze Ancien à l’époque islamique : Etude diachronique et comparaison avec les sites du Golfe." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2030/document.
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Localisé sur l'île de Bahreïn, le tell de Qal'at al-Bahreïn fut un grand port occupant une position géographique stratégique, au milieu du Golfe persique, entre le Proche-Orient et le reste du continent asiatique. Grâce à cette position littorale, le site joua pendant plusieurs millénaires (du 3e millénaire avant J.-C., jusqu'au 17e siècle de notre ère), un important rôle commercial et maritime, entre la Mésopotamie, les côtes iraniennes et arabes, l'Oman, le sous-continent indien ou encore l'Extrême-Orient.Fouillé depuis près de soixante années, ce site d'habitat offre aux archéologues une stratigraphie exceptionnelle, unique dans la Péninsule arabique, qui s’étend du Dilmoun Ancien (c. 2200 av. J.-C.) jusqu’à la période islamique (c. 13e-16e siècle ap. J.-C.) et permet l’étude comparative des occupations successives du site. Au-delà de ce statut de référence régionale, Qal'at al-Bahreïn présente par ses monuments (résidentiels, administratifs, commerciaux, religieux et militaires) un véritable témoignage du développement historique de Dilmoun, culture la plus importante du Golfe antique.Les nombreux vestiges architecturaux sont associés à un matériel archéologique diversifié (céramique, métal, représentations figurées, inscriptions, sceaux, macrorestes végétaux et fauniques, incluant un grand nombre de restes de poissons). La présente étude porte sur les restes osseux de poissons exhumés lors des différentes campagnes de fouilles conduites par la mission archéologique française, de 1989 à 1996, puis de 2000 à 2004, complétés par les résultats obtenus lors des fouilles danoises, menées entre les années 50 à 70.Ce matériel osseux, abondant, et généralement bien conservé, est très bien stratifié, ce qui a permis une étude diachronique de cet échantillon.La détermination des os de poissons a permis de mettre en évidence un spectre constant de quatre familles tout au long de l’occupation du site : les Serranidae (mérous), les Carangidae (carangues), les Sparidae (sars) et les Lethrinidae (empereurs). Leur importance varie au sein de chaque occupation et il est alors intéressant de noter la corrélation entre les espèces consommées et les habitants du site.Si la période du Dilmoun Ancien montre un spectre assez varié, l’arrivée sur l’île des Kassites (c. 1450 av. J.-C.) met en avant une pêche très orientée, avec la capture des empereurs. Il semble qu’il y ait une préférence pour cette famille. Les périodes suivantes montrent un spectre à nouveau plus diversifié, qui s’étoffe d’avantage lors de la diffusion de l’Islam sur l’île. Les espèces consommées se rapprochent alors de celles commercialisées de nos jours. Cette grande variété s’accompagne d’une diminution des tailles des poissons, qui peut s’expliquer par un nouveau territoire de pêche et la capture de nouvelles espèces afin de diversifier la consommation de poisson.Malgré ces différences notables au cours des occupations qui peuvent être liées aux habitants et à leur préférence alimentaire, il apparait que les populations successives de Qal’at al-Bahreïn ont intensément exploité les ressources côtières et avaient une parfaite connaissance du milieu marin et des comportements des espèces capturéesLocated on the island of Bahrain, the tell of Qal’at al-Bahrain was a main port occupying a strategic geographical position, in the middle of the Persian Gulf, between the Middle East and the rest of the Asian continent. Thanks to its coastal position, the site played during several millenia (from the 3rd millenium BC, until the 17th century AD), an important commercial and maritime role, between Mesopotamia, the Iranian and Arab coasts, Oman, the Indian sub-continent or the Far East.Excavated since nearly sixty years, this coastal settlement offers to the archaeologists an exceptional, unique stratigraphy in the Arabian Peninsula, which extends from the Early Dilmun (c. 2200 BC) to the Middle Islamic period (c. 13-16th centuries AD), and provides the opportunity to study and compare the successive occupations at the site. Beyond this regional reference status, Qal’at al-Bahrain presents by its monuments (residential, administrative, commercial, religious and military) a true testimony of the historical development of Dilmun, the most important culture of the ancient Gulf.The numerous architectural vestiges are associated with a diversified archaeological equipment (ceramic, metal, figurative art, inscriptions, seals, vegetal and faunal macro-remains, including a large number of fish remains). The present study is devoted to the fish remains unearthed during the various excavation seasons led by the French archaeological mission, from 1989 to 1996, then from 2000 to 2004, and completed by the results gathered at the time of the Danish excavations, carried out since the 1950s. The bone material, which is abundant and quite well preserved, allows a diachronic study of this sample.The determination of the fish bones reveals a constant spectrum of four families throughout the occupation of the site: Serranidae (groupers), Carangidae (carangues), Sparidae (seabream) and Lethrinidae (emperors). Their importance varies within each occupation and it is then interesting to note the correlation between the consumed species and the inhabitants of the site.If the Early Dilmun period shows a rather diversified spectrum, the arrival of the Kassites on the island (c. 1450 BC) suggests a much more directed fishing activity, with the capture of the emperors. It seems that there is a preference for this family. The following periods show again a more diversified spectrum, which increased at the time of the spread of Islam on the island. The consumed species approach those marketed then nowadays. This large variety is linked with a reduction in the sizes of the fishes, which can be explained by a new fishing territory and the capture of new species to diversify the fish consumption.In spite of these notable differences during occupations which can rely on the inhabitants and their food preference, it appears that the successive populations of Qal’at al-Bahrain exploited intensely the coastal resources and had a perfect knowledge of the marine environment and behaviours of the captured species
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Bernier-Monod, Agathe. "Les anciens de Weimar à Bonn. Itinéraires de 34 doyens et doyennes de la seconde démocratie parlementaire allemande." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040130.
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Cette thèse explore la continuité entre le Reichstag de Weimar et le Bundestag de Bonn à travers les itinéraires de 34 élus ayant siégé dans les deux chambres. L’élaboration du portrait socio-politique du groupe considéré aboutit au constat d’une diversité fondamentale, mais aussi à l’identification de milieux socio-moraux structurant la vie politique de l’Allemagne impériale. Ces acteurs vécurent différemment leur passage au Reichstag avant 1933, suivant leur parti, leur genre, la date et circonscription de leur élection ou les fonctions qu’ils exercèrent au parlement. La mise au pas du Reichstag et l’effondrement de la République marquèrent un tournant dans leur existence. La recherche des causes de l’échec weimarien les accompagna toute leur vie. Les personnalités étudiées réagirent différemment à la dictature nazie. Si leurs situations varient considérablement entre 1933 et 1945, ces années se résument globalement à une expérience de la perte. Les anciens du Reichstag furent les cibles privilégiées de persécutions visant à briser toute opposition au nazisme. L’expérience de l’oppression les mua en démocrates attentifs et favorisa leur retour en politique dès 1945. La plupart participèrent à la refondation institutionnelle de l’Allemagne de l’Ouest entre 1945 et 1949. Leurs retrouvailles avec le parlement à partir de 1949 furent difficiles dans la mesure où ils percevaient le Bundestag à travers le filtre de leur souvenir du Reichstag. Au Bundestag, ils mirent à profit leur connaissance du travail parlementaire, contribuant ainsi à stabiliser le nouvel État. Certains y perpétuèrent une culture politique forgée avant 1933 qui peut être qualifiée d’« esprit de Weimar »This PhD thesis studies the continuity between the Weimar Reichstag and the Bundestag in Bonn from the perspective of 34 representatives who were elected in both chambers. Constructing the socio-political portrait of this group reveals an essential diversity while at the same time leading to the identification of the socio-moral backgrounds that structured political life in imperial Germany. These men and women experienced their time in the Reichstag differently, depending on their party, gender, constituency, the period in question, and the place they occupied in parliament.The neutralisation of the Reichstag and the fall of the Republic marked a turning point in their lives. The question of why the Weimar Republic had failed would follow them for the rest of their lives. The members of this group reacted differently to the Nazi dictatorship. If their situations varied considerably between 1933 and 1945, the period was generally marked by the experience of loss. The former members of the Reichstag were the main targets of Nazi persecutions aimed at opponents of the regime. Living through oppression turned them into considerate democrats and encouraged their return to politics. Most took part in the institutional reconstruction of West Germany between 1945 and 1949. Their reunion with the parliament from 1949 onward was difficult, since they perceived the Bundestag through the prism of their past experience in the Reichstag. In the Bundestag, they built on their knowledge of parliamentary work, thereby contributing to stabilising the new state. Some of them perpetuated a political culture that had been shaped before 1933 and which can be described as “the Weimar spirit”
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Boichot, Nicolas. "Les amphores Lamboglia 2 de production adriatique et campanienne." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2114.
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Les amphores italiques de type Lamboglia 2 sont parmi les plus diffusées à l’époque tardorépublicaine, dans le bassin méditerranéen et parfois bien au-delà. Elles sont également présentes sur près de 150 épaves en Méditerranée. Cette thèse s’intéresse plus particulièrement à deux d’entre elles, les épaves de Qaitbay 1 et de Sa Nau Perduda. Elles apportent un éclairage nouveau sur deux thèmes : la typologie des amphores adriatiques, à une période charnière de leur évolution, et l’existence d’une production de Lamboglia 2 en Campanie. La première partie synthétise les données disponibles sur les questions de typo-chronologie, sur les ateliers et sur la diffusion des Lamboglia 2 par voie maritime, au travers d’un inventaire des épaves. La deuxième partie porte sur l’étude de la cargaison de l’épave dite Qaitbay 1, située au large d’Alexandrie. Elle se compose principalement de Lamboglia 2 du Picenum, accompagnées par un lot de Dressel 6A de la même région, d’amphores de Brindes et de Lamboglia 2 campaniennes. La troisième partie concerne ce dernier type d’amphore, encore mal connu. Elle repose notamment sur une approche comparative de plusieurs épaves, dont celle de Sa Nau Perduda, située dans la province de Gérone. Elle est le seul exemple connu à ce jour d’une cargaison principale de Lamboglia 2 campaniennesLamboglia 2 are among the most common Italic amphorae of the late Roman Republic in the Mediterranean basin and sometimes far beyond. They have also been found on nearly 150 shipwrecks in the Mediterranean. This thesis focuses on two such shipwrecks, known as Qaitbay 1 and Sa Nau Perduda. They shed new light on two themes: the typology of Adriatic amphorae during a transition period in their evolution, and the existence of a production of Lamboglia 2 in Campania. The first part of my thesis summarises the available data on typo-chronological issues, workshops and the spread of Lamboglia 2 by sea routes, through an inventory of shipwrecks. The second part deals with the study of the cargo of the Qaitbay 1 shipwreck lying off Alexandria. The cargo consists mainly of Lamboglia 2 produced in Picenum, accompanied by Dressel 6A from the same region, Brindisian amphorae and Campanian Lamboglia 2. The third part concerns this last type of amphora, which is still poorly known. It is based on a comparative approach of several shipwrecks, including that of Sa Nau Perduda located in the province of Girona. To this day, it is the only known example of a principal cargo of Campanian Lamboglia 2
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Auger, Fernand. "Altération des roches sous influence marine, dégradation des pierres en oeuvre, simulation accélérée en laboratoire." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2018.
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Etude des facteurs de degradation des batiments et ouvrages anciens en pierre calcaire sous influence marine le long de la facade littorale atlantique francaise, en examinant deux situations : zone de marnage, et milieu aerien. Datation des ouvrages et localisation de la provenance des materiaux (carrieres a ciel ouvert et souterraines). Essais divers sur echantillons provenant des carrieres et d'une digue ancienne soumise au marnage, ainsi que de divers batiments historiques en refection (carottage, essais physiques et mecaniques, technique particuliere de mesure de la vitesse du son dans les carottes). Developpement d'un appareil pour la simulation acceleree de l'alteration aerienne, reproduisant les phenomenes naturels observe sur les monuments et sur les falaises naturelles
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Bulman, Julie Catherine. "L'Habit en Révolution: Mode et Vêtements dans la France d'Ancien Régime [Revolution in Style: Dress and Fashion in Pre-Revolutionary France]." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/533.
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Thesis advisor: Ourida MostefaiThis thesis addresses the role of dress in the blurring of social class lines in pre-revolutionary France. The Ancien Régime had a set code for costume, in accordance with rank and birth. I outline this particular order, and the resulting disorder from this social structure through factual evidence and literary examples. The second part will discuss the creation and practice of fashion in the 18th century, leading up to the Estates General of 1789. This building significance of appearance in France made dress both a political and social tool that became incredibly useful during the French Revolution
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Romance Languages and Literature
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Calament, Florence. "Les Fouilles d'Albert Gayet à Antinoé : étude du matériel archéologique dans les collections publiques françaises." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040036.
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Antinoopolis, fondation de l'empereur Hadrien en 130 de notre ère, apparait comme un site majeur de l'Égypte de l'antiquité tardive par la magnificence de son architecture, image d'un souverain évergète guidé par un ambitieux dessein politique, et par son incontestable aura tant intellectuelle que religieuse. Ses vastes nécropoles, fouillées dès la fin du XIXe siècle par l'archéologue Albert Gayet (1856-1916), ont livré une moisson extraordinaire de documents de tous ordres, d'époques romaine et byzantine, devant laquelle on demeure aujourd'hui déconcerté. Une certaine confusion dans la conduite des fouilles et l'éclatement des collections dans une centaine de musées en France, imposaient d'abord un état des lieux à la lumière de témoignages littéraires anciens ou modernes et à partir d'archives, en grande partie inédites. La reconstitution des faits historiques, archéologiques et muséographiques apporte un éclairage nouveau sur les caractères propres de la cité et sur les priorités données à son exploration. La confrontation entre ces données et le matériel exhume révèle des pièces souvent méconnues et des aspects ignorés, dont l'analyse est fragilisée par les manques et pertes, tant d'informations sur le contexte archéologique que de pièces elles-mêmes (problèmes de conservation et de destruction). Ce matériel reflète à la fois le quotidien des habitants d'Antinoë et leurs croyances à travers les usages funéraires ; le bilan dégagé permet, par comparaison avec d'autres sites, de retenir certaines particularités et singularités qui n'appartiennent qu'à la métropole hadrienne ou n'ont été reconnues qu'ici.
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Baika, Kalliopi. "Neosoikoi : installations navales militaires en méditerranée : les neoria de Corcyre." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010625.
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Partant du matériel archéologique du port fermé et surtout de l'arsenal militaire de Corfou, une des plus grandes puissances maritimes en Méditerranée du 7e au 5e siècle avant notre ère, cette étude retrace l' évolution de l'infrastructure portuaire spécialisée dans la marine de guerre dans l'espace méditerranéen autour de deux axes comparatifs. Premièrement, la notion du port militaire et la catégorie du port fermé - kleistos limen - et ses éléments de fortification portuaire. Deuxièmement, le neorion et surtout les complexes des neosoikoi, les installations portuaires liées à la remise à sec et à la maintenance des flottes de guerre. La recherche est centrée sur l'architecture et la typologie des hangars à bateaux, leur répartition chronologique et géographique, l'opération du halage, les dimensions des navires de guerre logés, l'urbanisation, l'organisation et l'administration de la zone portuaire militaire, tout en prenant en considération les chantiers navals et les skeuothèques.
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Tessier, Bernadette. "Enregistrement des cycles Tidaux en accretion verticale dans un milieu actuel (la Baie du Mont Saint Michel) et dans une formation ancienne (la molasse marine miocène du bassin de Digne) : mesure du temps et application à la reconstitution des paléoenvironnements." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804950.
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Dans la baie du Mont Saint-michel, seuls les sédiments du domaine intertidal supérieur ont fait l'objet d'observations. Ces dépôts montrent des alternances de lits sableux et de lits silto-argileux. Le doublet lit sableux/ lit silto-argileux correspond à l'apport d'une marée; c'est le cycle de marée. Grâce à des marquages permettant de suivre la sédimentation, on constate que les cycles de marées successifs se dilatent et s'amincissent progressivement en fonction de l'augmentation puis la diminution des coefficients de marée. Cette evolution atteste de l'enregistrement en accrétion verticale du cycle de morte-eau/vive-eau. La molasse marine miocène de Digne est une puissante formation qui s'est deposée dans un bassin d'avant-pays, au front des chaines subalpines. L'étude sédimentologique de cette série montre qu'il s'agit d'un megacycle transgressif puis regressif. L'étape transgressive est marquée par un remaniement sous l'influence de la houle et du matériel détritique issu d'appareils fan-deltaiques alimentés par les zone internes. Lors de phase régressive, ce remaniement est au contraire d'origine essentiellement tidale et plus de 1000 m de sédiments se déposent grâce à la forte subsidence de ce bassin d'avant-pays. Ces sédiments tidaux sont principalement représentés par des mégarides, des vagues de sables et d'épaisses passées à alternances gréso-silteuses dont le milieu de dépôt est attribué à un environnement deltaique. Dans ces alternances gréso-silteuses, à lits plans ou a flaser-,wavy- et lenticular-bedding, le cycle de marée a pu être identifié et même différencié selon les conditions hydrodynamiques de flot dominant ou de jusant dominant. Les mesures d'épaisseur des cycles de marée successifs font apparaitre, de façon parfois très spectaculaire, l'enregistrement des cycles de morte-eau/vive-eau, de grande vive-eau/petite vive-eau (pleine lune/nouvelle lune), et eventuellement, de solstice
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Le, Bris Daniel. "L'element breton dans le glossaire nautique de jal." Paris, EPHE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPHE4050.
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Le glossaire nautique d'augustin jal (1795-1873) est publie a paris en 1848. Cet ouvrage est un dictionnaire encyclopedique et polyglotte (60 langues) de la marine. Le vocabulaire breton de ce glossaire est une documentation en partie de premiere main, puisqu'il repose, non seulement, sur une compilation des dictionnaires bretons disponibles a cette epoque, mais aussi sur une enquete orale menee en 1841 aupres de francois ezou, marin originaire de lampaul-plouarzel, dans le nord-finistere. Jal reflete les prejuges des societes savantes de son temps : il a plus d'estime pour les sources imprimees que pour les sources orales. Il adopte sans reserve le point de vue de le gonidec. Ce dernier est un lexicographe puriste qui souhaite regenerer le breton en rejetant les mots provenant du francais. Le materiau oral, element original de la nomenclature bretonne de jal, est donc sousutilise. Afin d'etudier la valeur de ces informations orales, nous avons minutieusement releve tous les termes bretons du glossaire nautique. D'apres nos calculs, nous reunissons 1709 locutions et mots bretons. Nous avons systematiquement verifie leurs occurrences dans les trois dictionnaires bretons utilises par jal (ii s'agit des dictionnaires de gregoire de rostrenen, 1732, de le gonidec, 1821, et de troude, 1842). Nous avons confronte l'ensemble du vocabulaire breton du glossaire nautique au breton vivant de lampaul-plouarzel et aux principales donnees de terminologie nautique bretonne, disponibles dans les imprimes bretons (glossaires, autobiographie de jean conan, roman de bilzig, emgann kergidu. . . ). Nos enquetes dialectologiques de terrain ont permis de rassembler une precieuse et abondante documentation sur le parler nautique de cette commune. Nos ethnotextes tiennent compte de la variation des debits phonologiques du locuteur (lento, allegro, presto), selon la methode de wolfgang dressier.
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Mercier, Benjamin. "Les contrôleurs généraux des finances de Machault d’Arnouville à Etienne de Silhouette (1745-1759)." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040166.
Full textAbstract:
« Quel est le contrôleur général de quartier en France? » se serait demandé le roi de Prusse, Frédéric II. Cette remarque illustre l'échec des dirigeants de l'administration centrale et est particulièrement valable pour les années 1745-1759. Cinq contrôleurs généraux se succédèrent : Machault d’Arnouville (1745-1754) fut présenté comme un ministre compétent, contrairement à ses successeurs – Moreau de Séchelles (1754-1756), Peyrenc de Moras (1756-1757), Boullongne (1757-1759) et Silhouette (1759). Ces renouvellements ministériels rapides sont généralement expliqués par l’incompétence de ces hommes enrichis rapidement et parvenus au pouvoir malgré leur incompétence. L’objet de ce travail est de s’intéresser aux raisons de l’échec politique. Ce dernier est facilement mesurable : bien peu nombreuses sont les décisions politiques ayant marqué cette période de l’histoire économique et financière. Cette mesure de l’échec doit conduire à s’interroger sur la manière dont travaillait le contrôleur général des finances. Avec ses auxiliaires, la relation était placée sous le signe de la soumission et de l’autonomie. Cependant ce ne fut pas une nouveauté au XVIIIe siècle : cette méthode n’explique donc pas l’échec des contrôleurs généraux. Les raisons doivent en être cherchées dans un changement de leur position sociale. Le départ de Machault du contrôle général marqua la fin du contrôleur général en tant que chef de clan à la Cour. Ses successeur furent uniquement des membres de factions. Leur poids politique diminua au profit des tâches administratives, ce qui permit l’apparition et l’échec des ministres spécialistes, comme l’illustre les carrières de Boullongne et de Silhouette“Who is the contrôleur général of this quarter in France ?” would have asked Frederic the IInd, king of Prussia,. This comment exemplifies the failure of the leaders of the Administration and is especially true for the period from 1745 to 1759. Five contrôleurs généraux succeeded: Machault d’Arnouville (1745-1754) who is generally regarded as a competent minister contrary to his successors – Moreau de Séchelles (1754-1756), Peyrenc de Moras (1756-1757), Boullongne (1757-1759) and Silhouette (1759). This rapid ministerial turn over is generally explained by the incompetence of this rapidly enriched men who reached their political positions in spite of their incompetence. This essay takes an interest into the reasons for this political failure. It is easy to measure it: there are few economic and financial decisions which are outstanding. This failure’s gauge brings to take an interest in the way the contrôleur general of finances worked. With his assistants, submission and autonomy were the keynotes of the work. This fact was not new in the 18th century: however it is not sufficient to explain the failure of the contrôleurs généraux. The reason of this failure should rather be sought into the alteration of the social standing of these financial leaders. When Machault left the contrôle general fitted with the contrôleur général’s end as factions leader. His successors were only members of these. Their political importance reduced while the administrative works increased. It resulted into the apparition and failure of the specialist ministers as demonstrated by the careers of Boullongne and Silhouette
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Giaime, Matthieu. "Géoarchéologie des ports antiques en contextes deltaïques : quelques exemples de Méditerranée et de mer Noire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3091.
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Les deltas ont débuté leur édification il y a environ 7000 ans suite à la stabilisation du niveau de la mer. Ils offraient durant l’Antiquité une mosaïque d’environnements, plus ou moins protégés, favorables aux activités maritimes. Nous montrons que plusieurs types de ports deltaïques peuvent être identifiés en raison des différents contextes géomorphologiques offerts par les deltas. La mise en relation des résultats bio-sédimentologiques, avec les données archéologiques nous ont permis de détailler l’évolution des environnements portuaires de plusieurs sites antiques situés dans des deltas. La première étude a été menée à l’échelle du delta de la Kouban (Péninsule de Taman, Russie). Un carottage réalisé à l’extrémité orientale de la péninsule et sa comparaison avec d’autres études géoarchéologiques menées récemment dans le delta nous a permis de restituer l’évolution paléogéographique de la péninsule. Nous avons pu confirmer que cette dernière a constituée, suite à la remontée postglaciaire du niveau marin, un large archipel articulé autour de quatre îles. À Tel Akko (Baie de Haifa, Israël), notre étude nous a permis de restituer l’évolution côtière du site depuis l’Âge du Bronze. À Pollentia, cité romaine des Baléares, nous avons été en mesure de démontrer que le port était situé dans une lagune de faible profondeur située en marge distale d’un petit delta côtier. Enfin à Halmyris (Danube, Roumanie) nous avons été en mesure de démontrer que la forteresse romaine, installée sur un promontoire, était protégée des crues tout en bénéficiant d’un accès facilité au fleuve par l’intermédiaire d’un chenal secondaire au sein duquel son port aurait pu être installéRiver deltas began forming around 7000 years BP because of the stabilisation of the mean sea-level. The natural variety of wetland environments on clastic coasts, in particular deltas, explains in major part the important disparities in harbour contexts. The combination of earth sciences with archaeological tools allows us to investigate the environmental evolution of four ancient sites located on deltas. We investigate 7000 years of environmental changes on the Kuban delta (Taman Peninsula, Russia). A coring, from the eastern limit of the peninsula, and its comparison with other geoarchaeological studies undertaken on the delta, allow us to confirm that the Holocene marine transgression created an archipelago of four islands around 6000 years ago in the area of the present-day Taman Peninsula. In Antiquity, natural factors such as delta progradation and the evolution of spits and sand bars have considerably affected the landscape evolution and therefore human occupation of the peninsula. At Tel Akko, (Haifa Bay, Israel), we reconstruct the evolution of the coastal zone of the site since the Bronze Age. We propose different harbour locations over time. At Pollentia, a Roman city of Mallorca, we have been able to demonstrate that the harbour was situated in a shallow lagoon, probably dredged at the time of its foundation. At Halymris (Danube delta, Romania), our research supports the presence of a secondary fluvial-channel located close to the fortress where the harbour may have been installed. The fortress, located at the foot of a promontory, was protected from floods and provided easy access to the main channel of the river
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Perrier, Amandine. "Le commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3024.
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Dans le cadre de cette thèse en archéologie grecque, j’ai entrepris de travailler sur l’organisation du commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C., et principalement sur la nature et l'intensité des échanges qui s'opéraient dans cette partie de la Méditerranée à l'époque. Pour mener à bien mon travail, j'ai constitué un nouveau catalogue des épaves grecques que j'ai ensuite confronté aux sources textuelles, épigraphiques, et archéologiques existantes. L'étude attentive des cargaisons des bateaux à laquelle je me livre participe à une meilleure compréhension des acteurs commerciaux de l'époque, des réseaux d'échanges et surtout du véritable rôle joué par AthènesIn this present thesis concerning Greek Archaeology, I undertook to work on the organization of Greek maritime commerce in Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea during the 5th and 4th century BC. I worked mostly on the trade's nature and intensity occurring in this part of the Mediteranean in this time. In order to carry out my work properly, I established a new catalog of greek shipwrecks, that I then confront with textual, epigraphic and archaeological sources. The careful study of the ship's cargo takes part in a better understanding of the commercial actors, trading network and above all of the importance of Athens at this time
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Blevin, Pierre-Alexis. "Les micro-Etats européens." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G014.
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« Si les Vallées d’Andorre jouissent de certains privilèges et franchises et ont une organisation judiciaire distincte de celle de la France, elles ne constituent ni un État, ni une personne de droit international ». La lecture de cet arrêt rendu par la Cour de Cassation le 6 janvier 1971 laisse entrevoir les nombreuses difficultés rencontrées par les micro-États dans l’affirmation de leur souveraineté. L’Europe est le théâtre à la fin du XIXe d’une véritable refonte des États. Nombreux furent les vestiges de l’époque féodale qui disparurent absorbés dans de grands ensembles à caractère étatique à l’origine des grand États européens. L'État en droit international est une personne souveraine, c’est ce qui le singularise par rapport aux autres sujets de droit international. Il bénéficie d’une souveraineté interne qui fait de lui l’autorité suprême sur son territoire et d’une souveraineté internationale qui ne le subordonne à aucune autre autorité. Cette souveraineté lui confère une personnalité juridique et une capacité juridique qui lui permettent d’être reconnu comme un sujet de droit, distinct des habitants qui le composent. De facto, un micro-État dispose des mêmes caractéristiques qu’un État mais s’identifie comme tel par l’exiguïté de son territoire et la faiblesse de sa population. Nombreux furent les auteurs qui s’essayèrent dans l’élaboration d’une définition précise et qui échouèrent tant les critères démographiques et de superficies peuvent s’apprécier différemment. Pour cette présente étude seront pris comme critères, les États européens de moins de 500 km2 avec une population de moins de 100.000 habitants. La question qui se pose dès lors, laquelle n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une thèse de doctorat sur ce sujet, est celle de savoir : dans quelle mesure les micro-États européens sont ils arrivés à résister à une évolution historique européenne qui a amené de grosses entités étatiques à disparaître ?« If the Valleys of Andorre enjoy certain privileges, franchises and a judicial system different from that of France, they are neither a state nor a person of international law ». The reading of this decision by Cour de Cassation, January 6th, 1971, shows the many challenges faced by micro-states in claiming their sovereignty and their legal status. Europe is considered to be the oldest continent in the world because of its history. Designed over the centuries, after wars and monarchical alliances, it gathers many people who have both a common heritage and many cultural differences. Fragmented during many centuries into various estates and other entities with official status. At the end of the nineteenth century, Europe was modified. The estates of feudal period disappered and gave birth to large groups which became the states today. The State in international law has a sovereign status, that makes it different from the other public international entities. Moreover, the states has an internal sovereignty that makes it be the autority over its territory and an international soverignty that subordinates any authority from other states. The sovereignty confers legal personality that allows it to be recognized as a matter of right in itself, separate from the people who compose it and benefiting from international legal capacity and heritage. The micro-state has the same characteristics as a state but it has a small territory and low population. There were many writers who tried to give a precise definition of micro-states but they failed because of the different number of the populations and the different areas. For this research work, we will take into account the European states which have less than 500 km2 with a population under 100.000. The question which has never been the matter of doctoral thesis is that : « micro-states, micro-sovereign states ? Are constitutional and institutional garantees developed on national and international stages by micro-states sufficient to ensure their sovereignty, independence and integrity ? How do the european micro-states resist to the european historical developement which led the large states entities to disappear ? » If the protection of large states was necessary for their construction, micro-states had to defend their full sovereignty. In order to assert their existence in a world of globalization, they are guaranteed a sovereignty reinforced by the constitutionalism which is not recognized by the other states. But this was compensated by international agreements and international organisations
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Reboul, Guillaume. "Metabarcoding and metagenomic approaches to decipher microbial communities in suboxic environments Microbial eukaryotes in the suboxic chemosyn- thetic ecosystem of Movile Cave, Romania Hyper- diverse archaea near life limits at the polyextreme geothermal Dallol area Performance of the melting seawater-ice elution method on the metabarcoding characterization of benthic protist communities Core microbial communities of lacustrine microbialites sampled along an alkalinity gradient Environmental drivers of plankton protist communities along latitudinal and vertical gradients in the oldest and deepest freshwater lake Ancient Adaptive Lateral Gene Transfers in the Symbiotic Opalina-Blastocystis Stramenopile Lineage Marine signature taxa and microbial community stability along latitudinal and vertical gradients in sediments of the deepest freshwater lake." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL041.
Full textAbstract:
L’écologie microbienne concerne l’étude des microorganismes et de leurs interactions biotiques et abiotiques dans un écosystème donné. Ces vingt dernières années, l’avancement des techniques moléculaires pour analyser la diversité microbienne et, notamment, les nouvelles technologies de séquençages (NGS) ont permis de surmonter les limitations associées aux approches traditionnelles basées sur la culture et la microscopie. Ces approches moléculaires ont conduit à une accumulation des données de diversité microbienne et de potentiel métabolique dans des communautés microbiennes des écosystèmes variés.Cependant, ces efforts ont été principalement appliqués sur des environnements facilement accessibles ou liés à l’humain, comme le plancton (marin principalement) et la flore intestinale. Néanmoins, ceci a conduit à une très forte augmentation de données environnementales et au développement de la bioinformatique par le biais de nombreux outils. Parmi les environnements délaissés des études, les environnements faibles en oxygène sont probablement également porteurs de nouveautés phylogénique ou métaboliques.Afin de palier à cela, nous avons choisi d’explorer deux environnements suboxiques relativement peu étudiés : la cave Movile (Roumanie) et les sédiments du lac Baikal (Sibérie, Russie). Notre but étant de montrer les diversités phylogénétiques et fonctionnelles des microbes de ces biotopes.Pour cela, j’ai d'abord développé un pipeline d’analyse de données métabarcoding (petite sous-unités ribosomique). Ensuite, j’ai appliqué cet outil sur des données de métabarcoding de protistes provenant d’échantillons d’eau et de tapis microbiens de la cave de Movile, un écosystème chemosynthétique pratiquement fermé. Nous avons montré que la diversité des protistes de la cave s’étendait à quasiment tous les grands groupes eucaryotes et provenait à la fois d’origine d’eaux douces et marines. De plus, la plupart ont été affiliées à des groupes d’organismes typiquement anaérobies, ce qui est concordant avec les paramètres abiotiques de la cave. Écologiquement, ces protistes sont des prédateurs mais aussi vraisemblablement des partenaires symbiotiques avec des espèces procaryotes de la cave.Dans une deuxième étude, j’ai eu l’opportunité d’appliquer ce pipeline de métabarcoding sur des données procaryotes et eucaryotes provenant des couches superficielles des sédiments du lac d’eau douce Baikal. Comme attendu, les communautés microbiennes dans ces sédiments sont particulièrement diverses et relativement enrichis en archées. Nous avons aussi pu mettre en évidence des lignées que l’on pensait exclusivement marines dans ces sédiments. Ces lignées sont probablement planctoniques mais s’accumulent au fond par sédimentation. Enfin, les échantillons ont été prélevés dans le but de tester les influences de la profondeur, du bassin et de la latitude sur les communautés. Aucune d’elles ne s’est révélée significative.Dans une troisième étude, j'ai utilisé une approche métagénomique afin de révéler les acteurs écologiquement majeurs dans les sédiments, leurs rôles et de reconstruire leurs génomes. Cela nous a permis notamment de mettre en évidence le rôle primordial des Thaumarchaeota dans le cycle de l’azote et la production primaire de molécules de carbone. Les chloroflexi et les protéobacteries ont aussi un rôle important dans la surface des sédiments du lac Baikal. Ce travail de thèse participe à la connaissance globale de la diversité microbienne sur la planète en mettant en lumière des environnements peu étudiés. De plus, l’étude de la surface des sédiments du lac Baikal apporte de nouvelles données sur le sujet de la transition eau douces/eau marines des microbes. Enfin, la métagénomique a permis de révéler le cycle des nutriments et les microorganismes y participant dans ces échantillons de sédiment. En résumé, ce travail vient mettre en lumière l’écologie microbienne d’écosystèmes suboxiques, notamment la surface des sédiments du lac BaikalMicrobial ecology is the science of micro-organisms and their biotic and abiotic interactions in a given ecosystem. As technology has advanced, molecular techniques have been widely used to overcome the limitations of classical approaches such as culturing and microscopy. Indeed, the development of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies in the past twenty years has largely helped to unravel the phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of microbial communities across ecosystems.Nonetheless, most of the environments studied through these techniques concentrated on relatively easily accessible, tractable and host-related ecosystems such as plankton (especially in marine ecosystems), soils and gut microbiomes. This has contributed to the rapid accumulation of a wealth of environmental diversity and metagenomic data along with advances in bioinformatics leading to the development of myriads of tools. Oxygen-depleted environments and especially their microbial eukaryote components are less studied and may lead to future phylogenetic and metabolic discoveries.In order to address this, we conducted analyses on two poorly studied suboxic ecosystems: Movile Cave (Romania) and lake Baikal sediments (Siberia, Russia). In this task, we aimed at unveiling the taxonomic and functional diversity of microorganims in these environments.To do so, I first evaluated the available bioinformatics tools and implemented a bioinformatics pipeline for 16S/18S rRNA gene-based metabarcoding analysis, making reasoned methodological choices. Then, as a case study, I carried out metabarcoding analyses of the water and floating microbial mats found in Movile Cave in order to investigate its protist diversity. Our study showed that Movile Cave, a sealed off chemosynthetic ecosystem, harbored a substantial protist diversity with species spanning most of the major eukaryotic super groups. The majority if these protists were related to species of freshwater and marine origins. Most of them were putatively anaerobic, in line with the cave environment, and suggesting that in addition to their predatory role, they might participate in prokaryote-protist symbioses.In a second study, I applied my metabarcoding pipeline to explore unique and relatively unexplored environment of Lake Baikal sediments. I first applied a metabarcoding approach using 16S and 18S rRNA genes to describe prokaryotic as well as protist diversity. Overall, the communities within these ecosystems were very diverse and enriched in ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota. We also identified several typical marine taxa which are likely planktonic but accumulate in sediments. Finally, our sampling plan allowed us to test whether differences across depth, basin or latitude affected microbial community structure. Our results showed that the composition of sediment microbial communities remained relatively stable across the samples regardless of depth or latitude.In a third study, we applied metagenomics to study the metabolic potential of communities associated to Baikal sediments and to reconstruct metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of dominant organisms. This revealed the considerable ecological importance of Thaumarchaeota lineages in lake Baikal sediments, which were found to be the major autotrophic phyla and also very implicated in the nitrogen cycle. Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria-related species also appeared ecologically important.This PhD thesis reveals the taxonomic diversity of poorly studied suboxic ecosystems and therefore contributes to our knowledge of microbial diversity on Earth. Additionally, the analyses of surface sediment samples in lake Baikal adds new light on freshwater-marine transitions. The metagenomic analyses reported here allowed us to postulate a model of nutrient cycle carried out by microorganismsin these sediments. Overall, this work sheds light on the microbial ecology of oxygen-depleted environments, and most notably lake Baikal surface sediments
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Pan, Ya-Wei, and 潘雅瑋. "Coleridge and His Ancient Mariner: Autobiographical Writings and Persona Construction." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74979433013774026477.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
外國語文學研究所
101
This thesis seeks to examine how Coleridge fashions his public persona as the Ancient Mariner in autobiographical writings: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” Notebooks, and Biographia Literaria. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is firstly modeled after the contemporary travel writings, where Coleridge appropriates its generic conventions so as to assert his own poetics. This poem does not become autobiographical until Coleridge’s Continental travels to Germany and Malta and Italy, where he as a traveler comes to identify with his Mariner. The Continental travels as his aesthetic education help fashion Coleridge’s intellectual identity as “clerisy”— the intelligentsia responsible for the cultivation of the nation. Recording his aesthetic experiences and formulating aesthetic theories in his Notebooks during the travels, Coleridge aspires to cultivate the British society as a literary critic. The Mariner as a ready symbol for the ideal of clerisy resonates throughout Notebooks and Biographia Literaria. The Biographia showcases “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.” Coleridge constructs and stages a persona who tells his life story with a purpose to enthrall and enlighten his reader-audience. The educational agenda centered in Coleridge’s aesthetics wins him the followers who are not unlike the Wedding Guest. Finally settling down in Highgate as a literary critic and improvising lecturer, Coleridge consciously aligns his public persona with the Ancient Mariner, creating the legend of the “Sage of Highgate.”
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黃雅婷. "Sound and Sense in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and Its Application to English Teaching." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27382757399834060233.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
英語學系
92
Abstract The close relationship between music and poetry can be traced back to the Middle ages. However, in the Renaissance, due to the different essences between music and poetry, they gradually separated. It is not until the Romantic stage that music and poetry begin to interact again. This thesis aims to explore the interaction between musical elements and sense in English Romantic poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” and the appropriateness of applying “sound and sense” to English teaching. The whole thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter One explains the motivation why the Romantic stage, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” are selected as the subjects and meanwhile it also indicates that literature, especially poetry, is appropriate as the teaching material. Chapter Two discusses the musical elements in “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.” In the beginning, Coleridge’s sensitivity to music which influences his arrangement of sound of words is illuminated. Then, the musical elements such as distorted stanzas, arrangement of words and rhythmic variation related to the sense of the content are analyzed. Chapter Three provides an analysis of the teaching material. Questionnaires are used in the pilot study in order to investigate senior high school teachers and students’ opinions about applying the concept of “sound and sense” to English teaching. In the pilot study, 5 teachers and 218 students participated. Chapter Four is the application of “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” including the teaching plan and the teaching procedures. In designing the teaching plan, students and teachers’ opinions in the questionnaires are taken into consideration. Besides, clear teaching process and complete achievement tests are also provided. Chapter Five is the results and discussion of the teaching application. In the study, 92 students participating in the experimental study were selected in order to manifest the appropriateness of applying “sound and sense” in “the Rime of the Ancient Mariner” to English teaching. The results showed that teaching “sound and sense” in the poem helped the students to revise the stereotyped opinions about English poetry. Most students agreed the appropriateness and helpfulness of employing “sound and sense” in “the Rime of the Ancient Mariner” as the teaching material. Besides, the results also revealed that the audio-visual teaching aids are required and necessary in poetry teaching. In Chapter Six, major findings and limitations of the study and suggestions for further study are proposed. Key words: Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, sound and sense, English teaching
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Wu, May-hong, and 吳美虹. "Nature in the Romantic Quest in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Christabel," "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and "Kubla Khan"." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20744150838706980304.
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碩士國立中正大學
外國語文研究所
89
The romantic imagination in nature for the Romantic poets zeroes in on a special topic in English Romanticism during the 19th century. In a word, the romantic imagination for Samuel Taylor Coleridge actually stands for the esemplastic power, which goes into the central parts of his poems. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, one of the top and eminent poets, fathered the Modern Poetry and the Romantic Revolution in English Literature, since the Romantic Revolution was giving the spirit of new birth to Modern Literature that spreads the emotional experience and the spiritual ecstasy. For instance, M. H. Abrams has commented, "Colerigde's poetic talent and insight are the seminal and excellent contributions to literature, and also regards him as the intellectual center of the English Romanticism movement." This thesis is divided into 5 parts, including the introduction, three chapters as the main body and the conclusion. First, this thesis aims to analyze the poetic mind and nature, as G. Wilson Knight has acclaimed, the quester has come to the world of "Hell, Purgatory and Paradise" in "Christabel," "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and "Kubla Khan." Second, this thesis focuses on how the poet-speaker explicates the poetic mind and nature in the romantic quest, and how the romantic imagination forms the poem as an organic whole. By its inward-looking journey, the poet-speaker, readers and the characters at the end have adopted the enlightenment of the moral indoctrination when they are on their road to seek after the grand central truth. After experiencing the spiritual odyssey, the poet-speaker, readers and the characters become "sadder and wiser" men. In addition, understanding the essence of good, evil, love, and moral, they reconstruct the spirit of internalization of the romantic quest, and are inspired by the enlightenment of the moral indoctrination. In Chapter One, firstly, what is Romanticism? Generally speaking, Romanticism is a "rebellion in a number of senses" that contains a wide freedom and the personal imagination, as which acts a perfect element in the poetic writings. Next, what is Coleridge's imagination? The poet-speaker in the "Conversation Poems" has explicated the poetic mind and nature, in which readers have touched with the variant forms of breathing of the romantic imagination, as "Nature's self is the breath of God." Chapter Two focuses on how the poet-speaker deals with nature in the romantic quest. The demonic group is close to the idea of Christian myth, which bases on the central spirit of the "apocalypse of imagination," just as Harold Bloom has mentioned, "the Romantics tended to take Milton's Satan as the archetype of the heroically defeated Promethean quester." So readers, the dreamer and the characters have experienced the metamorphic allusion of good, evil, moral, innate sin, misunderstanding, and understanding. They must go into the happiness and terror of "Hell, Purgatory and Paradise," respectively, which already reflect to the world of nature and the world of super-nature. Chapter Three copes with one thematic level of love and seeking after the grand central truth. As Harold Bloom has mentioned, "The higher Imagination shapes truth; the lower merely takes it, through nature, from the Shaping Spirit of God, and the Mariner's quest came to duplicate of his creation." The spirit of internalization of quest-romance is regarded as the central spirit of romantic quest, and also manifests it as the poet's higher imagination. Therefore, in my conclusion, the poet-speaker is an expert who deals with the dark world of nature, in which the poet-speaker has performed man's anxiety and guilt. However, at the end, human beings can discover love, truth and light, and also experience that the romantic imagination reshapes the poem as an organic whole.
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KUDRLOVÁ, Jana. "The religious symbolism in the work of S.T.Coleridge The Rime of the Ancient Mariner/Náboženská symbolika v díle S.T.Coleridge Píseň o starém námořníku." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-175186.
Full textAbstract:
Since The Rime of the Ancient Mariner was published in 1798, the disputes about its interpretation have been held. Some of the critics described it as a poem about morality; the other voices turned it into the political parallel. This thesis aims to show a different approach, namely through the religious overtones. The theoretical part consists of a general introduction to the interpretation of the symbols and of the insight into Romanticism and life of the author. The practical part includes a detailed analysis of the poem and interpretation of symbols. The thesis will also compare the author's view of certain aspects with those of his contemporaries. A comprehensive view of the extraordinary work meaning a significant milestone in the history of English literature and indicating a shift to modern poetry will be achieved by using several resources.
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Johnson, Daniel Lee. "Sulfur Isotopic Insights into the Modern and Ancient Marine Sulfur Cycles." Thesis, 2021. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/13982/1/johnson_daniel_2020.pdf.
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The marine sulfur cycle plays a key role in regulating Earth's surface oxygen (O₂) levels through its interactions with the carbon and iron cycles. Our understanding of the sulfur cycle has traditionally come from measurements of the sulfur isotopic compositions of marine sulfate (SO₄²⁻) and sulfur-bearing materials in marine sediments. Because the residence time of SO₄²⁻ in seawater is long (Myr) compared to the mixing time of Earth's oceans (kyr), the concentration and sulfur isotopic composition of marine SO₄²⁻ are homogeneous in modern seawater and are assumed to have been homogeneous throughout most of the Phanerozoic Eon (541 Ma to the present). This assumption of homogeneity, when combined with sulfur isotopic composition measurements, has enabled box model reconstructions of the relative fluxes of oxidized versus reduced sulfur leaving the oceans at times in Earth's past. Such reconstructions have informed our understanding of the interactions between Earth's tectonics, climate, and elemental cycles.
This thesis tests some of the key assumptions made in sulfur cycle box models and attempts to better understand sulfur isotopic variability in geologic archives using a combination of measurements and modeling. Measurements of the sulfur isotopic composition (i.e., δ³⁴S) of SO₄²⁻ in Permo-Carboniferous brachiopod shells demonstrate that more precise records of SO₄²⁻ δ³⁴S may be generated via careful sampling that avoids diagenetically altered phases (Chapter II). Furthermore, measurements of heterogeneous carbonate associated sulfate (CAS) δ³⁴S within carbonates deposited across the End-Permian mass extinction (EPME) in South China show that a lack of careful sampling can substantially alter our understanding of the marine sulfur cycle at times in Earth's past (Chapter III). Simple models constructed in each of these studies indicate that changes in the δ³⁴S of the sulfur input to the ocean, the δ³⁴S offset (i.e., Δδ³⁴S) between the oxidized and reduced sulfur output fluxes, and the amount of SO₄²⁻ incorporated during diagenetic alteration - all assumed to be negligible in many studies of the marine sulfur cycle - may viably explain these data. Development of a sediment diagenesis model that includes sulfur isotopic species demonstrates that variations in organic matter rain rate, ferric iron input, sedimentation rate, bottom water O₂ concentration, and bottom water SO₄²⁻ concentration may all affect Δδ³⁴S in a given sedimentary environment (Chapter IV). Application of this model to pore water SO₄²⁻ and hydrogen sulfide H₂S δ³⁴S data from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 361, IODP Expedition 363, and R.V. Knorr cruise KN223 sites shows that Δδ³⁴S is ubiquitously large in these deep ocean sedimentary environments (Chapter V). Cluster analysis of pore water [SO₄²⁻] profiles collected during previous deep ocean cruises successfully extracts and groups profiles that are similar to those observed on these three cruises (Chapter VI). Comparison of cluster data to a compilation of recent marine pyrite (FeS₂) δ³⁴S data confirms that pyrite burial in shelf sediments constitutes the majority of pyrite burial occurring globally in the modern day. However, changes in sea level or in other variables that affect sediment deposition may plausibly force an increase in deep ocean pyrite burial and a corresponding change in the global Δδ³⁴S. Future studies of the modern and ancient marine sulfur cycles must carefully consider the geologic and geochemical context of sulfur isotopic measurements - including sea level changes, sedimentation rate changes, and measured or presumed concentrations of other redox-active species - if interpretations of such data are to be robust.
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Pattison, Vivian. "A hidden Markov modelling approach to understanding Ancient Murrelet behaviour and foraging habitat." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11698.
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Seabird species are increasingly threatened around the world due to a range of anthropogenic impacts affecting at-sea and breeding habitat. One such species is the Ancient Murrelet, an Alcid species nesting on the Pacific Coast of Canada. Ancient Murrelets are an important species in Canadian waters as approximately 50 % of the world’s breeding population nest in a small region of the British Columbia coast. Ancient Murrelets are listed as a species of Special Concern, due to threats in their breeding colonies; threats to their at-sea habitat, such as disturbance from shipping traffic, oil pollution, and fisheries bycatch, are currently poorly- documented due to the challenges associated with studying seabirds in their offshore environments. Conservation efforts to protect this species require information on movements and habitat use at sea. Therefore, there exists a critical need for research that provides new knowledge on where murrelets are travelling and the habitats in which they are foraging.
The objective of this thesis research is to investigate movement behaviour and at-sea habitat of Ancient Murrelets during breeding season foraging trips. Movement modelling using hidden Markov models differentiated the tracks into behaviour states, and identified foraging locations at sea. Foraging locations were used in regression modelling to investigate the degree to which variability in Ancient Murrelet foraging locations could be explained by seafloor depth, slope and tidal current, and spatial measures such as distance from the breeding colony. From characteristics of movement paths, hidden Markov models identified three movement behaviour states, which were interpreted as transit, resting, and foraging behaviours. Logistic regression models suggested that depth, seafloor slope, tidal speed, and distance from the colony exhibited a negative influence on locations where birds chose to forage. Nevertheless, of the locations where foraging took place, foraging intensity was found to be higher in deeper areas suggesting Ancient Murrelets may be focusing efforts in areas of higher prey abundance. The combination of individual movement analysis and habitat analysis provides an important first step in gaining a greater understanding of Ancient Murrelet behaviour and foraging habitat at sea. These findings can inform marine management planning in this region and conservation of this vulnerable species.Graduate
2021-04-17
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Foster, Erin U. "Sea otter effects on soft sediment flora and fauna, and within ancient Indigenous maricultural systems." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13110.
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Most of what is known about the ways in which strongly interacting species affect ecological communities stems from changes to community structure revealed in contemporary research. However, trophic downgrading has limited the temporal extent to which inferences can be drawn. The aim of my Dissertation was to expand on the strongly interacting species concept by examining species interactions at a historical scale, in a textbook example of a strongly interacting and keystone predator. The sea otter, Enhydra lutris, was driven to near-extinction but is recovering in parts of its range, providing a mosaic of areas with and without sea otters. This mosaic allowed for a series of natural experiments, which I conducted using behavioural observations, genetic tools, and archaeological methods, to examine sea otter effects spanning contemporary (last ~40 yrs.), and late-Holocene (~3500-150 yrs. ago) timeframes, and on an evolutionary scale that inferred middle-Pleistocene interactions. In Chapter 2, my coauthors and I found that sea otter use of clam-based niches increased as occupancy-time increased, and that bachelor groups of male otters primarily inhabited these niches, findings that informed and inspired subsequent questions. In Chapter 3, we found that where sea otters were established for 20-30 years, the disturbance to eelgrass (Zostera marina), caused by sea otters digging for clams and other infaunal prey, was correlated with ~25% greater eelgrass allelic richness than where otters were present <10 yrs, or absent. We posit that sea otter digging has long-influenced the genetic diversity and resilience of eelgrass – perhaps since the middle Pleistocene. In Chapter 4, we asked how two strongly interacting species – people and sea otters – co-existed for millennia where they both consumed clams. We used assemblages of live and otter-cracked butter clams (Saxidomus gigantea), to confirm the ecological effects that sea otters exert today. We measured clams from archaeological assemblages in areas densely populated with clam gardens – terraced beaches that enhance clam habitat and productivity – and found that sea otters reduced the sizes of ancient clams, acting as ecologically effective predators in the mid-to-late Holocene. However, clam harvests were stable for thousands of years, with or without otters. We suggest that clam gardening supported coexistence of people and otters in the past, and could function the same way today. Collectively, we found that a few, perhaps long-forgotten, interactions increased the breadth of the strongly interacting species concept. In Chapter 5, I suggest that such rediscoveries could occur in other systems. Many large vertebrates have suffered population declines, but the most insidious losses accompanying these, are the losses of ecological interactions that become unknowable, and thus cannot be intentionally restored. By searching out ancient interactions, long-forgotten relationships have the potential to be recovered, and to inform our understanding of contemporary systems.Graduate
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März, Christian [Verfasser]. "Inorganic geochemical redox proxies : indicators for rapid paleoenvironmental changes and related diagenetic processes in recent and ancient marine sediments / vorgelegt von Christian März." 2008. http://d-nb.info/988931699/34.
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Ζούρα, Δέσποινα. "Παλαιογεωγραφική ανάπλαση των αρχαίων λιμένων Ζέας και Μικρολίμανου (Μουνιχία) με εφαρμογή γεωφυσικών μεθόδων." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/6183.
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Η αλλαγή στην στάθμη της θάλασσας καθώς και καταστροφικά φαινόμενα που έχουν συμβεί τα τελευταία 10.000 χρόνια έχουν οδηγήσει στην καταβύθιση αρχαίων λιμενικών εγκαταστάσεων. Μέρος των εγκαταστάσεων των αρχαίων λιμένων Ζέας και Μουνιχίας βρίσκονται σήμερα κάτω από το επίπεδο της θάλασσας. Για την μελέτη αυτών, είναι απαραίτητη η χρήση σύγχρονων συστημάτων θαλάσσιας γεωφυσικής διασκόπισης με σκοπό: (α) την κατασκευή λεπτομερούς βυθομετρικής αποτύπωσης στους αρχαίους λιμένες Ζέας και Μουνιχίας καθώς και των παράκτιων περιοχών πλησίον τους, (β) την μελέτη της στρωματογραφίας της ακολουθίας ιζημάτων (γ) τον προσδιορισμό της παλαιογεωγραφικής εξέλιξης της περιοχής Ζέας – Μουνιχίας και (δ) τον εντοπισμό στόχων, επιφανειακών και υποεπιφανειακών με πιθανό αρχαιολογικό ενδιαφέρον.
Οι θαλάσσιες γεωφυσικές έρευνες πραγματοποιήθηκαν τον Νοέμβριο του 2011 από το Ε.ΘΑ.ΓΕ.Φ.Ω σε συνεργασία με το Danish Institute και το Zea Project. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική αναλύθηκαν και επεξεργάστηκαν τα γεωφυσικά δεδομένα που συλλέχθηκαν με τομογράφο υποδομής πυθμένα 3.5 kHz, ηχοβολιστή πλευρικής σάρωσης (EG&G 272 TD) καθώς και βυθόμετρο (Elac Nautic Hydrostat).
Η μελέτη στης σεισμοστρωματογραφίας με τομογράφο υποδομής πυθμένα έδειξε τρεις σεισμικές ιζητογενείς ακολουθίες για κάθε έναν από τους αρχαίους λιμένες και οδήγησε στην κατασκευή χάρτη ισοπαχών. Οι τρείς ακολουθίες πιθανώς σχετίζονται με διαφορετικές χρονικές περιόδους των λιμένων. Τα δεδομένα του ηχοβολιστή πλευρικής σάρωσης εντόπισαν περιοχές του πυθμένα των λιμένων που πιθανώς σχετίζονται με αρχαίες κατασκευές. Επιπλέον από τα δεδομένα του ηχοβολιστή πλευρικής σάρωσης προέκυψαν χάρτες μορφολογικής αποτύπωσης του πυθμένα καθώς και στόχοι με πιθανό αρχαιολογικό ενδιαφέρον. Συγκεκριμένα εντοπίστηκε ένας μεγάλος αριθμός στόχων που χαρακτηρίζονται από εύρος τιμών όσον αφορά στις γεωμετρικές παραμέτρους και στις παραμέτρους ανακλαστικότητας. Το λογισμικό TargAn εφαρμόσθηκε για την παραμετροποίηση όλων των στόχων ενώ επιπλέον εφαρμόσθηκαν στατιστικές τεχνικές πολυδιάστατης ανάλυσης για την ταξινόμηση των στόχων σε ομάδες με βάση την αρχαιολογική τους σπουδαιότητα.Sea level change and catastrophic events that have occurred in the last 10.000 years have led to the submergence of ancient harbors and facilities. Parts of the facilities of Zea and Mounichia ancient harbors are now below sea level. This research was carried out with use of marine geophysical methods in order to: (a) map with detail the bathymetry of the two harbors and the near shore area, (b) map the seismic stratigraphy of the area, (c) determine the palaeogeographical evolution of the area and (d) to identify targets with possible archaeological interest. Marine geophysical survey took place in October 2011 by Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography in collaboration with the Danish Institute and Zea Harbour Project. Subbuttom profiler, side-scan sonar and echosounder were used. The processing and analysis of the subbuttom profiler data revealed three distinctive acoustic units for each of the ancient harbours and led to a detailed map of isopachs. Those three different units can be related to the two different faces of the harbor. The side-scan sonar data identified areas of the harbors that are related to ancient structures and facilities. From the same data set 65 targets were detected and analyzed with the use of TargAn software in order to classify them based on their archaeological valuation.
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Lalancette, Louis. "Les capitaines des troupes de la Marine de 1683 à 1739 : la carrière militaire en Nouvelle-France." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13458.
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En 1683, la monarchie française expédie en Nouvelle-France trois compagnies d’infanterie de la Marine afin de mettre un terme à la guerre contre les Iroquois qui menace la colonie sous juridiction de la Marine. Ce premier contingent se montrant incapable de mater l’ennemi, le roi envoie d’autres compagnies dirigées par des officiers qui détiennent soit une expérience dans le service de la Marine ou dans les régiments d’infanterie. La guerre dorénavant ouverte avec les colonies britanniques, force l’enracinement de ce corps d’armée au Canada. Les administrateurs vont l’appeler troupes de la Marine.
Un autre facteur d’enracinement est la permission que les autorités royales accordent aux nobles de la colonie canadienne de s’engager dans le corps d’officiers. Les Canadiens y deviennent majoritaires quelques décennies plus tard. Plusieurs de ces officiers, notamment nés en colonie ont fait l’objet de biographies. Quelques études se sont penchées sur le corps d’officiers en tant qu’acteur social. Cependant, l’ensemble de la carrière militaire d’un officier des troupes de la Marine en Nouvelle-France n’a jamais été abordé. Les capitaines, étant parvenus au sommet de la hiérarchie des troupes de la Marine avant 1739, constituent le sujet de cette recherche. Ce sera donc les grandes étapes de leur expérience militaire coloniale que l’on tentera d’approfondir tout en prenant en considération le lieu de naissance de l’officier, ce qui nous permet dégager certaines tendances relatives à la carrière d’officiers militaires dans la société d’Ancien Régime.In 1683, the French monarchy decided to send three companies of infantry of the Marine to quell the Iroquois, who were waging war against the colony that was then under Marine jurisdiction. Unable to put an end to the threat, the king sent more companies whose officers had Marine or infantry experience. The war, now extended to the British colonies forced the Marine to station troops permanently in Canada. They called by the administrators : troupes de la Marine. Another sign that this colonial army had become permanent is the opening of the officer corps to the local nobility. A few decades later, the officier corps nearly entirely consisted of Canadian noblemen. Some of the officers, most of them born in Canada, have been the subject of biographies. Some historians have studied the military noblesse as a social group. The military career of the officers of the troupes de la Marine has not, however, been studied has a whole. The captains, that is, the men who reached the top of the hierarchy of the troupes de la Marine before 1739, are the subject of this analysis. The study examines the main stages of their colonial military experience, while taking into account the officers birthplace, so as to highlight certain trends of Ancien-Regime society.
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Holeček, Jiří. "Římské importy v jižní Asii." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306637.
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- Jiri Holecek - Roman imports in South Asia Diploma thesis sums up the development of the maritime trade between the Mediterranean, especially Rome, and South Asia, especially India, in the time period between the first century BC and the fourth century CE. Emphasis is put mostly on the archeological proof of the trade in the both directions, such as coins or traded goods, and their relevance and conclusiveness. Furthermore, the works of ancient historians are used to obtain more precise context in the terms of geography and economy. Thesis will compare the development of the maritime trade and the trade using the overland routes, especially so-called Silk Road. In conclussion, the thesis summarizes relevant proofs, and with their help defines the extent of the influence of the Mediterranean in South Asia and compare it with the influence of the overland routes, and finally describes the reasons of this economical development.
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Petrisor, (Cursaru) Gabriela. "Structures spatiales dans la pensée religieuse grecque de l'époque archaïque : la représentation de quelques espaces insondables: l'éther, l'air, l'abîme marin." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3275.
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Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les façons dont la pensée et l’imaginaire grec de l’époque archaïque se représentaient quelques pans du réel qui ne se laissaient jamais voir ni atteindre: l’éther, l’air et l’abîme marin. Vu le caractère insondable de ces espaces, l’imagination et l’abstraction se sont ingéniées à les appréhender par un discours spécifique et à les intégrer dans le système de connaissances et de croyances propre à l’époque en leur assignant une place dans le système de l’univers, en les rattachant à une hiérarchie de l’ordre cosmologique, en leur donnant une forme, en classant leurs objets et en les rapportant aux modèles du monde connu, en les aménageant par les moyens les plus divers. Une étude des formes d’expression de la pensée grecque archaïque, autant littéraires qu’iconographiques, permet de cerner les diverses formes de représentation des domaines inaccessibles et les modèles d’organisation spatiale issus de ce type de pensée. Grâce à la dialectique particulière qui ressort du rapport entre espace et mouvement, cette thèse se propose également d’interroger le corpus des sources grecques archaïques sous des angles jusqu’ici peu explorés: comment maîtrise-t-on l’espace par les déplacements physiques en dehors des parcours terrestres? Comment les schémas du mouvement dans l’espace se sont-ils forgés? Comment les dichotomies issues de la logique spatiale archaïque (haut/bas, droite/gauche, est/ouest, en deça/au-delà, etc.) influent-elles sur la structuration spatiale? Quelles espèces d’espace révèlent les déplacements à travers les différents niveaux du monde, que ce soit ceux des dieux, ceux des mortels et d’autres entités, forces physiques et substances privilégiées dans le commerce avec le divin et le monde d’en haut? Ces analyses mettent en valeur les façons dont l’imagination et l’abstraction plutôt que l’expérience vécue ont contribué, à leur façon, à structurer l’espace et à forger l’image du monde comme κόσμος, monde mis en ordre et soumis autant aux lois physiques qu’aux lois divines.The present dissertation aims to study the ways in which archaic Greek thought symbolically came to grips with three elements of physical reality, which can never be thoroughly accessed by humans: the ether, the air, and the marine abyss. Due to the rather fathomless character of the different spaces underlying these elements, human imagination and abstract thought endeavored to apprehend them through a specific discourse and system of knowledge and beliefs. Both this discourse and its inherent epistemological system were specific to the abovementioned historical period. They assigned the spaces in question a place in the universe via a hierarchy of the cosmological order. Thus, these spaces acquired a definite shape, while their contents have been classified and connected with patterns of the known world, while being combined in multifarious ways. In my doctoral work, I argue that it is possible to define the various forms of representations of such inaccessible domains of being, together with the patterns of their spatial organization, by paying close attention to the manner in which the archaic Greek thought expressed itself through literature and iconography. Drawing on the particular dialectic that pertains to the relation between space and movement, this thesis wishes to analyze the corpus of ancient Greek sources from multiple vantages which so far have been only vaguely explored. To exemplify, I shall tackle the way, in which space is understood in view of journeys other than terrestrial. I also discuss how certain paradigms of movement in space have emerged in this regard. Another question I shall answer concerns the manner, in which certain dichotomies of archaic logic related to space (up/down, right/left, east/west, within/beyond, etc.) have influenced the structuring of space. With that in mind, I expand upon the issue of the types of spatiality revealed through the journeys across the different levels of the world, namely the journeys of the gods, mortals, and other forces involved in the human interaction with the divine and any other superior region. These analyses will jointly show that the philosophical structuring of space and the emergence of an image of the world understood as κόσμος – i.e., as a world ordered by and obeying both physical and divine laws – are the result of imagination and abstract reflective efforts rather than subjective experience.
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Tang, Andy chi-chung. "Pythagoras at the smithy : science and rhetoric from antiquity to the early modern period." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/27195.
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It has been said that Pythagoras discovered the perfect musical intervals by chance when he heard sounds of hammers striking an anvil at a nearby smithy. The sounds corresponded to the same intervals Pythagoras had been studying. He experimented with various instruments and apparatus to confirm what he heard. Math, and in particular, numbers are connected to music, he concluded. The discovery of musical intervals and the icon of the musical blacksmith have been familiar tropes in history, referenced in literary, musical, and visual arts. Countless authors since Antiquity have written about the story of the discovery, most often found in theoretical texts about music. However, modern scholarship has judged the narrative as a myth and a fabrication. Its refutation of the story is peculiar because modern scholarship has failed to disprove the nature of Pythagoras’s discovery with valid physical explanations. This report examines the structural elements of the story and traces its evolution since Antiquity to the early modern period to explain how an author interprets the narrative and why modern scholarship has deemed it a legend. The case studies of Nicomachus of Gerasa, Claudius Ptolemy, Boethius, and Marin Mersenne reveal not only how the story about Pythagoras’s discovery functions for each author, but also how the alterations in each version uncover an author’s views on music.text