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Journal articles on the topic 'Ancient object'
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1
Lloyd, James. "Composition, Comparison, and Concept." Greek and Roman Musical Studies 8, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22129758-bja10010.
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Abstract While recent discussions of music archaeology have emphasised the importance of context for the study of the art and archaeology of ancient music, there has not been much theoretical engagement with the objects themselves. This paper takes recent arguments concerning two objects identified as strobiloi to propose an object-based framework for the study of ancient art and archaeology in relation to ancient music. Contexts are not infallible. Being mindful of composition, comparisons, and concepts (the three core elements of the proposed framework), I argue that there is, as yet, no certain artistic or archaeological evidence for interpreting objects identified as strobiloi as musical devices, and that the Asteas Phrynis vase cannot be used as a reliable source for organological detail.
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Keller, Vera. "Storied Objects, Scientific Objects, and Renaissance Experiment: The Case of Malleable Glass." Renaissance Quarterly 70, no. 2 (2017): 594–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/693182.
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AbstractThe career of storied objects can help highlight the agency of absence and historicize the notion of scientific objects more generally. Until the sixteenth century, lost, ancient flexible glass was studied separately from malleable glass. The latter appeared as a claimed chymical product and craft recipe. The bridging of social and epistemic registers merged these accounts. Malleable glass became a prestigious scientific object. Appearing in numerous utopias, it stimulated a participatory public of scientific amateurs. Such storied objects served as vectors for spreading experimental culture, yet declined as new professions emerged. The charisma that made malleable glass a seventeenth-century scientific object led to its rejection by newly professionalized eighteenth-century chemists and its replacement by a less evocative scientific object, “malleability.”
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Tilley, Christopher. "Excavation as theatre." Antiquity 63, no. 239 (June 1989): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00075992.
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Everyone who has dug up anything knows the excitement of bringing an ancient object to its first light for centuries. Everyone who has directed an archaeological excavation knows the excitement of finding sense in the pattern of many ancient objects revealed. Why is it, then, that the publication of that pattern in a site report is a more wearisome business when—if ever—it take place? Is that just the nature of the business, or is there more to be revealed?
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Guha–Thakurta, Tapati. "“For the Greater Glory of Indian Art”: The Life of an Endangered Art Treasure in Modern India." International Journal of Cultural Property 11, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739102771555.
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The essay narrates the biography of a single art object—acclaimed in recent history as a “masterpiece” of ancient Indian sculpture—to invoke the larger spectrum of practices and discourses that came to constitute the field of art history in modern India. It explores the shifting locations and aesthetic trajectories that marked the transformation of this artifact from a curious archaeological “antiquity” into a national “art-treasure” and icon of Indian femininity, and later even into “a travelling emissary of ancient Indian art and culture.” On the one hand, the spectrum of travels of this object provides an ideal instance for mapping over the twentieth century the changing colonial, national and international stature of Indian art. On the other hand, its career also pointedly reveals the clash of contending claims and the politics of “return” and “restitution” that have attended the nationalization and artistic consecration of many such objects.
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Shakhnovich, Mark М., and Marianna A. Kulkova. "Experience in identifying Sami sacred objects in Russian Lapland: “bratya”of the Srednii Peninsula, Murmansk coast of the Barents sea." Transaction Kola Science Centre 11, no. 6-2020 (December 25, 2020): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2020.6.19.013.
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The article is devoted by field investigations of stone natural object “Bratya”located in the Srednii Peninsula of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea which were in 2011. At the first the special study of objects-“sieidas”of theRussian Lapland was carried out in the Murmansk region. The geochemical investigations supported the speculation about some ancient rituals like sacrifices that has been performed around rock pillars. Apparently it was perceived as expressive natural object possessing sacred properties what named in historiography of the Sami ethnography as “sieid”.
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Britto, M. John. "A Thing-Oriented Perspective of Ancient Indian Philosophy." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455–2526) 4, no. 2 (August 22, 2016): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v4.n2.p1.
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<em>With the emergence of thing-oriented doctrines in the recent times, there is a gradual shift of attention from human subjects to material objects in the contemporary educational realm. Thing theory and object-oriented ontology, as thing-oriented doctrines, are in equilibrium with their primary concern with things. Both of them are pertinent to each other in multifarious ways. While thing theory is concerned with the significance of things in relation to literature and culture, object-oriented ontology focuses on the centrality of things in philosophy. The study made by thing-oriented scholars divulges that the worth of corporeal things has been overlooked by humans down the ages. However, there are a few instances here and there wherein things were said to gain some attention. This research paper seeks to make a study of how things were understood in the schools of ancient Indian philosophy, and it looks at the views of those schools on things from a thing-oriented perspective. It explores the general philosophy of the Upanishads concerning the reality of things in the world. It also attempts to identify and elucidate the constructive views on things which could be traced in the doctrines of the philosophical schools of the Nyāya, the Vaisheshika, the Sāṃkhya, the Mīmāṃsā and the Cārvāka. These schools’ realist approach to things is contrasted with the monistic idealism of the schools of the Advaita Vedānta and the Yoga. The paper also examines how things are undermined and overmined in ancient Indian philosophy. </em>
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Jackson, Sarah E. "FACING OBJECTS: AN INVESTIGATION OF NON-HUMAN PERSONHOOD IN CLASSIC MAYA CONTEXTS." Ancient Mesoamerica 30, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536118000019.
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AbstractResearch on Classic Maya personhood confirms that personhood was extended to non-human entities; however, questions about its operation and impact remain. What is the nature of the linkage between human beings and object persons, and how does personhood pass between them? What is the impact on an object of becoming personed? I approach these questions through depictions in Classic Maya iconography of faces shown on non-human objects, indicating potential to act in person-like ways. Close examination of “faced” objects reveals that Classic Maya personhood represents a substance that does not require humans as a source, and acts, instead, as an untethered resource accessed by entities able to act in social, relational ways. Furthermore, object personhood represents a state of identity in which essences of persons and objects co-exist, opening possibilities for complicating categories of being in the ancient Maya world.
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Wang, Yiqun. "Bodily Contemplation: On the Question of the Truth of the Perception of Physical Objects in Chinese Landscape Painting." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 25, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2021-25-2-298-310.
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This article analyzes the views of representatives of the scientific community on ancient Chinese landscape painting, emphasis is mainly placed on views that concern the spiritual qualities of landscape painting, as well as rethinking concepts that ignore the significance of sensual perception. Landscape painting is usually considered as a spiritual work of Taoism: landscape painting developed from Taoist thought, Taoist philosophy determined the identity of the artistic style and the inherent spirit of landscape painting. Moreover, some researchers even believe that bodily contemplation of landscape painting means setting the very original nature of mountains and waters, and the "knowledge of the truth" is a spiritual process that is more blocked by the human capacity for sensual perception. Some of the scientists completely deny the possibility and truth of sensual perception of physical objects in landscape painting. The author of this article believes that the spiritual component of landscape painting lurks precisely in the value of sensual perception, and bodily contemplation of mountains and waters is impossible without the participation of the body, clear confirmation of which we find in the ancient Chinese theory of arts. Ancient Chinese works of art traditionally had a close connection with sensual perception through bodily contemplation. This process is not simply about capturing object information, but when the subject takes an active part in the vision of the object, when the subject gives feedback to the object, and through acquiring the object its meaning is transmitted. Only through bodily contemplation, the individual can fully feel the artistic value of landscape painting, and Taoist philosophy thus gains a real existence in landscape painting, becoming a kind of emotional thinking.
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KOLESNIKOV, S. A., and E. E. KOZLOVA. "THE EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING OBJECT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MASS PERFORMANCES." Urban construction and architecture 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2013): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.02.4.
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The article presents the evolution of architectural and urban planning object in the context of the spatial organization of the mass performances. By the architectural and urban object we mean a certain environment or building intended for mass events. The first types of mass performances appeared in ancient Greece. Various forms of mass celebrations existed in ancient Rome, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, etc. Each type of mass performances had its own certain architectural structure or entertaining area. For example, a gladiatorial combats in ancient Rome were held in the Coliseum, and the medieval carnivals generally took place in town squares and streets.
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Dormidontova, V. V., and K. S. Kasabova. "ON SOME EXAMPLES OF USE ANTIQUE FORMS IN THE CITIES OF THE CAUCASIAN MINERAL WATERS RESORT." Landscape architecture in the globalization era, no. 3 (2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37770/2712-7656-2020-3-13-21.
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Abstract. The appearance of the resort towns of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, formed during the 19th - 20th centuries, was determined by remarkable monuments of architecture and landscape architecture, dating back to the traditions and forms of ancient Greece and Rome. Rational, respectable and aesthetic order forms of Classicism determined its wide typological applicability and during the 19th-20th centuries they continued to form significant urban planning and park ensembles. When creating resort facilities, architectural monuments of antiquity are models for studying, repeating and interpreting the methods of organic inclusion in the natural environment. The article examines the importance of ancient forms in the process of formation of the cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters resort. A full-scale survey of two objects selected for study, typologically and stylistically different, was carried out – the architectural structure of the mud baths in the city of Essentuki and the monument of landscape art – the park's Main Staircase of the sanatorium named after S. Ordzhonikidze. Literary sources were studied, landscape-visual and compositional analysis of objects was carried out. The first object – a mud bath in the city of Essentuki – a medical building, one of the most famous architectural monuments of the city of the eclectic period, was built according to the project of the architect Eugene Shretter. The second object is the famous Main Staircase of the sanatorium named after S. Ordzhonikidze in the city of Kislovodsk, built by the architect – constructivist Ivan Leonidov, is an object of cultural heritage of federal significance – a monument of urban planning and architecture. The analysis showed that ancient forms successfully pass the test of time, change of political systems and social conditions, are able to transform plastically and functionally under the influence of stylistic changes and today retain their attractiveness and relevance.
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Freeman, Michael. "Religion, nationalism and genocide: ancient Judaism revisited." European Journal of Sociology 35, no. 2 (November 1994): 259–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000397560000686x.
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Following the Cold War, nationalism has rapidly established itself at the centre of the world's political stage. This has had the immediate effect of increasing the importance of nationalism as an object of sociological investigation and this effect can confidently be expected to continue and expand.
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Eaton, Jeffrey C. "Berkeley's Immaterialism and the Scientific Promise of the Christian Doctrine of Creation." Harvard Theological Review 80, no. 4 (October 1987): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000023774.
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In a rather well-known article published half a century ago Michael Foster argued that modern science is rooted in the Christian doctrine of creation. Ancient science, on the other hand, was, according to Foster, the product of Greek metaphysics. The goal of ancient science was the definition of the essence of its object of investigation. The Greeks assumed that the essence of an object was its form and that the form of a thing was intelligible. The task of science, then, was to bring this intelligibility to light.
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Hopkins, Burt C. "UNITY IN ANCIENT AND MODERN PHILOSOPHY AND THE HYPOTHESIS OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY." Problemos 82 (January 1, 2012): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2012.0.726.
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The paper argues for three things. First, that the abstract concepts of ancient Greek and modern mathematics are fundamentally different. The general treatment of mathematical things in ancient Greek mathematics manifestly does not presuppose a general mathematical object, while in modern mathematics the generality of the method presupposes precisely such a general mathematical object. Two, that this difference in abstract concepts of mathematics makes a difference in our understanding of a discipline other than mathematics, specifically, in the discipline of history. And, three, that what is at issue in this difference is whether it is necessary for human beings to understand themselves from the perspective of history in order to understand themselves properly as human.Keywords: mathematical objects, concept of number, history, self-consciousness.Vienumas antikos ir naujųjų laikų filosofijoje ir visuotinės istorijos hipotezėBurt C. HopkinsSantraukaŠiame straipsnyje ginamos trys tezės. Pirma, kad abstrakčios antikos ir naujųjų laikų matematikos sąvokos yra fundamentaliai skirtingos. Bendras matematinių dalykų traktavimas antikos matematikoje akivaizdžiai nesuponuoja tokios matematinio objekto sąvokos, kokią numato naujųjų laikų matematikos metodas. Antra, šis abstrakčių matematikos sąvokų skirtingumas turi įtakos kitos, nematematinės disciplinos, o būtent – istorijos, supratimui. Trečia, šio skirtumo esminis aspektas yra klausimas, ar savęs kaip žmogaus suvokimui būtina suprasti save iš istorijos perspektyvos.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: matematiniai objektai, skaičiaus sąvoka, istorija, savimonė.
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Dan, Roberto. "A Short Note on an Unusual Artefact which May Constitute a Link between Urartu and Etruria." Iran and the Caucasus 20, no. 1 (May 2, 2016): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20160102.
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Not long ago, during excavation in the domestic area of the Urartian fortress of Ayanis, a cylindrical object made of gold was discovered. Objects of this kind were completely unknown in Urartu before this discovery and it is not possible to compare it with any other items in the Ancient Near East. However, a possible parallel can be found with some golden objects discovered in central Italy in the work of Etruscan metallurgists. These items from Iron Age Italy are made of precious metals, especially gold, and have been interpreted as clasps; they are generally considered to have been used mainly to secure the men’s cloaks on the shoulder. This type of object is generally dated to the 8th-7th century B.C. and comes mainly from a series of archaeological contexts in central Italy.
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Gerstenblith, Patty. "Provenances: Real, Fake, and Questionable." International Journal of Cultural Property 26, no. 3 (August 2019): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739119000171.
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Abstract:Provenance, the ownership history of an artifact or work of art, has become one of the primary mechanisms for determining the legal status and authenticity of a cultural object. Professional associations, including museum organizations, have adopted the “1970 standard” as a means to prevent the acquisition of an ancient object from promoting the looting of archaeological sites, which is driven by the economic gains realized through the international market. The Association of Art Museum Directors (AAMD), one of the museum world’s most influential professional organizations, requires its members to list the ancient artworks and artifacts that they have acquired after 2008 that do not conform to the 1970 standard in an online object registry. The study presented here of the AAMD’s Object Registry for New Acquisitions of Archaeological Material and Works of Ancient Art analyzes the extent to which AAMD member museums do not comply with the 1970 standard and, perhaps of greater significance, the weaknesses in the provenance information on which they rely in acquiring such works. I argue that systematic recurrences of inadequate provenance certitude are symptomatic of the larger problem of methodology and standards of evidence in claiming documented provenance. A museum’s acceptance of possibly unverifiable provenance documentation and, therefore, its acquisition of an object that may have been recently looted, in turn, impose a negative externality on society through the loss of information about our past caused by the looting of archaeological sites.
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Martin, A. R., V. M. F. da Silva, and P. Rothery. "Object carrying as socio-sexual display in an aquatic mammal." Biology Letters 4, no. 3 (March 25, 2008): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0067.
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Amazon river dolphins or botos ( Inia geoffrensis Blainville) were observed carrying objects in 221 social groups over a 3-year study period. Sticks, branches and clumps of grass were taken from the water surface and often repeatedly thrashed or thrown. Lumps of hard clay were collected from the river bed and held in the mouth while the carrier rose slowly above the surface and submerged again. Carriers were predominantly adult males and less often subadult males. Adult females and young dolphins rarely carried objects. Groups of dolphins in which object carrying occurred were differentially large and comprised a greater proportion of adult males and adult females. Aggression, mostly between adult males, was significantly associated with object carrying. The behaviour occurred year-round, with peaks in March and July. A plausible explanation of the results is that object carrying by adult males is aimed at females and is stimulated by the number of females in the group, while aggression is targeted at adult males and is stimulated by object carrying in the group. We infer that object carrying in this sexually dimorphic species is socio-sexual display. It is either of ancient origin or has evolved independently in several geographically isolated populations.
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Gatzsche, Alexander. "Aus Zwei mach Eins – und wieder zurück! Die Restaurierung eines Pasticcio aus der Sammlung des Joseph-Ferdinand von Österreich-Toskana." Annals of the Náprstek Museum 41, no. 2 (2020): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/anpm.2020.006.
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The Osiris statuette P 6169 of the Prague Náprstek Museum has a very unusual appearance: In addition to a striking surface corrosion, its crooked shape in comparison to its fine surface details are not corresponding to the ancient Egyptian artistic ideal. Through consideration of comparative pieces of the Joseph Ferdinand of Austria-Tuscany collection came up the suspicion that it might be concerned as a pasticcio. The particular challenge of the object is to establish mainly the certainty that it was possibly composed of different ancient fragments in modern times. Objectives of the restoration project are, firstly, the identification of P 6169 as a pasticcio and, secondly, a conception of conservation and restoration treatments, which have to be derived from this knowledge. In addition to the scientific and cultural-historical analysis of the object, the focus of the work is mainly on the ethical discussion on how to approach such an object and the resulting demands of the object to its preservation for the future.
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Marqués Serra, David. "Des de la concepció medieval fins a la narració actual: El reliquiari a través de l’obra de Joan Millet." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 14 (December 26, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.0.16361.
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Resum: La present reflexió s’ocupa del tema del reliquiari, originàriament destinat a la veneració d’elements sagrats, i aprofundeix en la seua constant evolució fins a l’era contemporània, a través de la producció de Joan Millet Bonet. Així doncs, es tracta de fer una comparació inter-temporal amb la intenció d’extraure els possibles vincles que puguen oferir-nos les diferents claus discursives necessàries perquè aquest objecte continue mantenint la seua naturalesa inherent. De tal manera, i inevitablement, fem al·lusió a les tangencials qüestions espirituals que acompanyen l’objecte sacre, tant en l’antiguitat com en l’actualitat. Tot això, necessàriament, configura els entorns en els quals se circumscriuen els reliquiaris en els seus diferents temps i, al seu torn, per extensió, també condicionen i conformen les seues possibilitats formals i estètiques.Palraules clau: Reliquiari, objet trouvé, ready made, objecte trobat, art, disseny, artesania, Joan Millet, espiritualitat.Abstract: This investigation addresses the theme of the reliquary, originally destined to the veneration of sacred elements, and goes in depth in the study of its constant evolution to the contemporary era, through the production of Joan Millet Bonet. Thus, an intertemporal comparison is proposed with the aim of extracting the possible links that can offer us the different discursive keys necessary for the object to maintain its inherent nature. In this way and inevitably, we allude to the tangential spiritual issues that accompany the sacred object, both in ancient times and the present day. All this, necessarily, configures the environments in which the reliquaries are circumscribed in their different times and, in turn, by extension, also condition and shape their formal and aesthetic possibilities.Keywords: reliquary, objet trouvé, ready made, object found, art, design, crafts, Joan Millet, spirituality.
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Rayner, Georgina, Susan D. Costello, Arthur McClelland, Austin Akey, and Katherine Eremin. "Preliminary Investigations into the Alteration of Cadmium Orange Restoration Paint on an Ancient Greek Terracotta Krater." Heritage 4, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 1497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030082.
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In preparation for exhibition, an ancient Greek terracotta krater received treatment which included selective in-painting with cadmium orange (CdSSe). After one year on display the object displayed disfiguring alteration in select areas of restoration. Cross-section analysis of samples taken from the object revealed that alteration only occurred in areas where the paint was in direct contact with darkened and abraded areas of the terracotta surface, in which analysis found the presence of chlorine. The alteration was recreated in mock-ups for more in-depth analysis. Using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-rays (SEM-EDS) it was discovered that selenium-rich structures were forming throughout the paint films. The observed alteration is the result of degradation of the CdSSe pigment which occurs in the presence of chlorine and light. This research highlights the need for careful selection of restoration materials when dealing with objects suspected to contain residual chloride ions if desalination cannot be undertaken.
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Musacchio, T. "Object Worlds in Ancient Egypt: Material Biographies Past and Present. Lynn Meskell." Near Eastern Archaeology 69, no. 3-4 (September 2006): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/nea25067673.
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Braziewicz, Janusz, Maciej Karwowski, Marian Jaskóla, and Marek Pajek. "X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Ancient Glasses." Advances in X-ray Analysis 39 (1995): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800023338.
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Different analytical methods can be applied to the analysis of the chemical composition of archeological artefacts. The methods presently used to examine archeological artefacts include: emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and neutron activation. The use of these techniques is limited by several factors such as: the size of a sample that can be taken from the object, the availability of the method in the sense of easy access, and the cost of and time spent for the analysis.
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Bouchard, Elsa. "Ancient Etymology and the Enigma of Okeanos." Rhizomata 8, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rhiz-2020-0004.
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AbstractOkeanos is at once a mythological figure and a philosophical concept appearing in many ancient accounts of the world. A frequent object of allegoresis, his cosmological role and his name posed an enigma to Homer’s readers, especially those with a rationalizing bent. This paper proposes that the paradoxical representation of Okeanos as a primordial generative power and a geographical limit may be explained by the influence of etymological speculation, which was a popular heuristic method used by Greek intellectuals from the archaic period throughout antiquity.
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Taranenko, Serhiy. "BATH-HOUSES IN THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT KYIV-PODIL." City History, Culture, Society, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2016.01.129.
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The article presents archaeologically fixed objects of wooden architecture of ancient times in Podil Kyiv, which scientists first interpreted as baths. Although there have been attempts in the national scientific literature to interpret the structures as baths (a monumental stone building of the XI century in the yard of the Kyiv Metropolitan, a wooden structure on the site 34 in Petrovsky's estate), first, these interpretations provoked debates. Secondly, they involved data only from Upper Kyiv - there was no case of identifying as a bath an archaeologically fixed object of wooden architecture in Podil. In the article, based on the analysis of available written, ethnographic and archaeological sources, the author proves the possibility of the existence of similar structures in the largest area of Ancient Kyiv.The author addresses several issues regarding the mass development and planning structure of the ancient Russian hem. The first is the selection of more than 300 fixed objects of wooden architecture of this period, actually a bath. In doing so, it is proposed to use the technique of Khoroshov, which he proposed and implemented at the excavations of Ancient Novgorod. The second question concerns the revision and re-interpretation of the functional purpose of the investigated objects of ancient Russian architectural architecture recorded at the hem of Kyiv. Three buildings of the XII century are presented for consideration. (building No. 4, Obolonskaya St., 4, 1989, building No. 1, Pochayninska St., 27/44, 2003, building No. 8, Nizhniy Val St., 43, 1989), which the author proposes considered as baths that were part of the city planning structure. The author states that confirmation of the existence of bath-houses will allow to investigate the objects related to hygiene in the Old Rus and to expand not only the life of ancient Kyiv significantly. Also, it will be possible to make adjustments to the general reconstructions of the ordinary old-Russian manor and quarter.
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Peng, Ji Chao, Song Lin Wang, and Peng Lv. "Activation Factors and Sliding Mechanism of Ancient Landslide in Huale Coal Mine." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.536.
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This paper sets the ancient landslide in Huale coal mine in Guizhou as the research object. The in-situ geological exploration and field survey to determine the nature and activity history of the landslide; By using the methods of drilling and pitting, geology structure characteristics of the ancient landslide could be determined; the sliding surface is obtained by field sampling test, rock and soil physical and mechanical characteristic; Through rationally designed dip tube, the paper repeatedly monitors the underground displacement with the borehole inclinometer, mastered the ancient landslide slip surface sliding depth and the location. On this basis, the paper analyzes the activation factors and sliding mechanism of the ancient landslide. Direct cause of the activation of the ancient landslide is mine industrial site construction of the damage to the front of the ancient landslide. Ancient landslide sliding mechanism of the ancient landslide itself exists the weakness of sliding surface, the front is damaged due to landslide, leads to landslide.
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Di Franco, Paola Di Giuseppantonio, Carlo Camporesi, Fabrizio Galeazzi, and Marcelo Kallmann. "3D Printing and Immersive Visualization for Improved Perception of Ancient Artifacts." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00229.
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This article investigates the use of 3D immersive virtual environments and 3D prints for interaction with past material culture over traditional observation without manipulation. Our work is motivated by studies in heritage, museum, and cognitive sciences indicating the importance of object manipulation for understanding present and ancient artifacts. While virtual immersive environments and 3D prints have started to be incorporated in heritage research and museum displays as a way to provide improved manipulation experiences, little is known about how these new technologies affect the perception of our past. This article provides first results obtained with three experiments designed to investigate the benefits and tradeoffs in using these technologies. Our results indicate that traditional museum displays limit the experience with past material culture, and reveal how our sample of participants favor tactile and immersive 3D virtual experiences with artifacts over visual non-manipulative experiences with authentic objects.
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Lazer-Pan’kiv O. V., Lazer-Pan’kiv O. V. "Peculiarities of Ancient Greek Proverbs with Dendronym Component." Studia Linguistica, no. 13 (2018): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2018.13.152-172.
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The article represents the results of ancient Greek proverbs’ with dendronym component peculiarities research (with tree species name, name of a part or a fruit of a tree and their derivates). On the basis of their linguocultural and semantic analysis the characteristics of their inner form were described. On this ground an assertion was made that dendronym FIG TREE has the greatest potential for proverb forming in ancient Greek language. The existence of different lexemes in ancient Greek language for certain types and parts of this tree designation attests the wide extent of this tree and its parts usage in everyday life of Hellenes. The proverbs containing dendronym OAK are also quite numerous, while dendronyms APPLE TREE, OLIVE TREE, MYRTLE TREE, LAUREL, MULBERRY TREE, PINE TREE, MASTIK TREE, THORN TREE, POMEGRANATE TREE, CORK TREE and PEAR TREE are used much less often. Such quantitative asymmetry is caused by the peculiarities of their everyday usage by Hellenes. The largest group consists of FU, in which the specific name of the tree (and not part of the tree or fruit) is used. The study of inner form of ancient Greek FU with the dendronym component allowed to determine the cognitive mechanisms of the secondary meaning formation. 62 % FU are formed on the basis of metaphorization (on models “specific → abstract”, “plant → human”, “plant → object”, “object → object”). An equally large group consists of proverbs with a dendronym component, based on metaftonimy, a complex cognitive mechanism of metaphor and metonymy combination (the type “metonymy within metaphor” is much more productive than the type “metaphor within metonymy”). The least numerous are FU formed on the basis of metonymy. The analysis of semantics of ancient Greek FU with the dendronym component made it possible to distinguish the following types of FU motivational basis: the physical characteristics of trees, their parts and fruits, associated with the experience of their practical usage; the practice of using trees, their parts and fruits in various rituals and customs; a historical event in which a certain tree or its part was involved; characteristics of tree parts and fruits concerning their consumption as food; the mention of trees in myths and legends.
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Barrile, V., G. Candela, and A. Fotia. "POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-187-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Modern surveying techniques, with the combined use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) with low-cost photographic sensors, and photogrammetric techniques, allows obtaining a precise virtual reconstruction of environment and object with centimetre accuracy. Recently, the diffusion of UAV allows the survey of extensive areas significantly reducing survey time and costs. The raw output obtainable from such survey operations consists of a three-dimensional point cloud. Numerous applications in architecture, monitoring and surveying and structural analysis require objects identification in the 3d scene to classify different element in the acquired scene and extract relevant information. Point cloud analysis, and in particular segmentation and classification techniques, are actually used to identify objects within the scenes, assign to a specific class and use them for subsequent studies. These techniques represent an open research theme and the key to add value to the entire process. Actual methodologies are based on 3d spatial analysis on the point cloud. In this paper, starting from photogrammetric reconstruction, a methodology for segmentation and classification of point cloud based on image analysis is presented. The object identification on the image’s dataset is performed using a Neural Network and subsequently the identified object on dataset are transfer into the 3d environment. This classification is performed to segment structural parts of bridges and viaduct, acquire geometric information, and perform a structural analysis to preserve relevant and ancient structure. A case study for the segmentation of the point cloud acquired with an aerial survey of a Viaduct is presented. The performed segmentation allows obtaining structural elements of different type of viaduct and bridges, is propaedeutic to verify the health of the structure and schedule maintenance intervention. The methodology can be applied to different type of bridges, from reinforced concrete to ancient masonry to preserve the state of conservation.</p>
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Ahn, Gi-seb, Sheng-im Jeng, and Eun-hee Kim. "About the omission of the object of ‘與’ ‘以’ In the ancient Chinese." JOURNAL OF CHINESE HUMANITIES 62 (April 30, 2016): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2016.04.62.23.
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Gibbons, Zoe. "Ancient matter, new‐fashioned shapes: Time as object in Shackerley Marmion's The Antiquary." Renaissance Studies 33, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rest.12502.
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Trever, Lisa. "A Moche Riddle in Clay: Object Knowledge and Art Work in Ancient Peru." Art Bulletin 101, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043079.2019.1602449.
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Bounia, Alexandra. "Collectors, Scholars, and Forgers in the Ancient World: Object Lessons by Carolyn Higbie." American Journal of Philology 139, no. 4 (2018): 716–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2018.0042.
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VASILIEVA, Daria Igorevna, Margarita Nikolaevna BARANOVA, and Andrey Valentinovich MALTZEV. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FACTORS ON CONSTRUCTING SAMARA FORTRESS OF THE XVIII CENTURY." Urban construction and architecture 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2015.03.1.
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The paper goes into the questions of environmental safety and structures protection from hazardous geological phenomena and processes taking Samara fortress of the XVIII century as an example. The authors studied the effects of geological and geomorphological characteristics of the territory on the construction of Samara fortress of the XVIII century. The main object of the study are cultural layers, earth mounds and ancient wooden structures in the archaeological excavations of 2013-2014. The researches analyzed the structure and properties of ancient cultural layers and peculiarities of fortification structures. They also investigated the possible effect of ancient cultural layers and their properties on the use of the town site nowadays.
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Nikoloutsos, Konstantinos P. "Helen’s semiotic body: ancient and modern representations." Nuntius Antiquus 12, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3636.12.1.187-213.
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The paper draws on theoretical work on the representation of the female body as an object of the male gaze in modern narrative, in order to decode and analyze Helen’s portrayal as a physical vacuum in ancient literature. I argue that the negation of Helen’s corporeality emphasizes the semiotic duality of her body, allowing it to be deployed both as a sign and as a site for the inscription of signs. The paper, then, proceeds to show how Helen’s Iliadic depiction has provided the eighteenth-century philosopher Edmund Burke with a rhetorical platform upon which to theorize the aesthetic dichotomy between the beautiful and the sublime. I close my analysis by illustrating how the eclecticism, compromises, and pastiches that inform Helen’s cinematic recreations find a parallel in, and thus perpetuate, ancient pictorial techniques.
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Koh, Andrew, and Kathleen Birney. "Ancient Organic Residues as Cultural and Environmental Proxies: The Value of Legacy Objects." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 27, 2019): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030656.
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Often treated as an accessory science, organic residue analysis (ORA) has the capacity to illuminate otherwise hidden aspects of ancient technology, culture, and economy, and therein can play a central role in archaeological inquiry. Through ORA, both the intact vessel freshly excavated from a tomb and the sherd tucked away in a museum storage closet can offer insights into their contents, their histories, and the cultures that created them—provided the results can be carefully calibrated to account for their treatment during and after excavation. The case study below presents ORA data obtained from a range of artifacts from Late Bronze Age Crete, setting results from freshly-excavated and legacy objects alongside one another. Although legacy objects do tend to yield diminished results from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective, our comparative work has demonstrated both their value and untapped potential when their object biographies are carefully considered. It also sheds light on biomarker degradation processes, which have implications for methodologies of extraction and interpretation of legacy objects. Comparative studies such as these broaden the pool of viable ORA candidates, and therein amplify ORA’s ability to reveal patterns of consumption as well as ecological and environmental change. They also highlight the role and value of data-sharing in collaborative environments such as the OpenARCHEM archaeometric database.
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Chen, Zhong, and Tingting Yao. "Chuang Tzu’s selflessness: mind-state and the cultural semiotics of jingshen." Chinese Semiotic Studies 17, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2021-2004.
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Abstract The cognitive paradigm of symbols in ancient Chinese philosophy is quite distinct from that of Western semiotic circles. Chuang Tzu, one of the most influential ancient Chinese philosophers, concentrates his study on exploring the state of the subject’s selflessness and establishes his own cognitive paradigm of jingshen. This paper uses his statements of “I lost myself” and “The Perfect Man uses his mind like a mirror” in The adjustment of controversies of The Chuang Tzu, to investigate the ideal selfless mind-state and selflessness. It attempts to transfer the relationship between subject and object in symbolic cognition into the connection of intersubjectivity to construct jingshen’s cognitive paradigm of releasing symbolic meaning. The task of this research is to overcome the limitation created by the subject–object relation and finally to be “the Perfect Man” who can know the Dao.
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Bi, Zhongsong, Chun Chen, Yunzhang Li, and Peng Cheng. "Analysis on the Human Settlement Environment of Huizhou Ancient Villages Based on the Heritage of Ancient Roads - a Case Study of Chengkan Village." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 04025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123704025.
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The ancient road cultural route is an important part of Huizhou cultural heritage, which is closely related to Huizhou tradition. Huizhou ancient villages are important historical and cultural heritage. The important features of their locations and layouts are the high integration with nature, forming a traditional residential environment pattern of “backing mountain, surrounding water and facing screen”. From the perspective of Huizhou Ancient Road, this paper selects Chengkan ancient village, which is an important cultural route of “Shuyuan Lingshan Chengkan ancient road”, as the research object, and takes the construction of human settlements as the main research content. From the natural environment and cultural background, and the formed human environment as the starting point, the paper focuses on the village agglomeration spatial pattern, the village water system, the street space environment, the architectural environment and the Shuikou landscape environment to analyze the characteristics and concepts of traditional residential environment construction in Huizhou ancient villages represented by Chengkan village, so as to make a beneficial discussion on the regional rural revitalization, the protection and development of traditional village human settlement environment.
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Sherwin-White, S. M. "Ancient archives: the edict of Alexander to Priene, a reappraisal." Journal of Hellenic Studies 105 (November 1985): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/631523.
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‘The historical value of an object depends not so much on the nature of the object as on its associations, which only scientific excavation can detect.’ The full significance of an inscription may equally rely on knowledge of its archaeological context. In practice, however, users of inscriptions often neglect this aspect. The standard commentaries, new and old, on Alexander's famous ‘edict to Priene’ (hereafter ‘AE’) tend to ignore the physical context of the inscription (I.Priene I) and to treat the text as an isolated or one-off document. Consequently no-one reading Dittenberger, Tod or now Heisserer would learn that it is one of a series of public inscriptions with a consistent theme belonging to an ‘archive’ of connected texts. The inscription is not discussed as one of a group of documents, its monumental setting is largely ignored and the rich corpus of Prienian inscriptions is not exploited fully as a control and source for the historical background of the AE. It is the purpose of this article to try to show that the AE cannot be properly studied in this archaeological limbo. ‘The associations’ of the AE are vital. They provide a new perspective from which to study the text.
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Tan, Rong. "Styles and Fabrics of Trousers in the Images of Song Dynasty." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.236.
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There are extremely little records of clothes in the ancient times materially or documentarily, yet the series images of Song Dynasty provide the costume researchers with precious image data. In the past, some researchers believed that children’s clothes in the ancient times just acted as the scaled-down version of the adults’; however, the analysis conducted on the images has demonstrated that it is not the case. This paper tries to take the images of children of Song Dynasty as its research object, to conduct an analysis on the styles, materials and patterns of the trousers dressed by children in the early China, aiming at having a clearer understanding of children’s apparel back in the ancient China.
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Halchuk, O. "Woman-character and woman-author in ancient Greek and Roman literature: an attempt at the typology." Science and Education a New Dimension IX(253), no. 45 (June 25, 2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-hs2021-253ix45-05.
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The article proposes a typology of female characters of ancient literature. The typology is based on the dominant categories of «moral» (expressed by the dichotomy of «moral – immoral»), «heroic» («achievement – offence») and «aesthetic» («beautiful – ugly»). Through the prism of mythology, the semantics of the figurative gallery «woman-character» and «woman-author» reflects the specifics of the position of women in the ancient world. Misogyny is typical for the male world of antiquity. This determined the emphasis in the interpretation of women's masks, which were mainly given the role of the object of erotic posing. This, however, does not diminish the reception potential of female images of ancient origin in the subsequent world literary discourse.
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BALBUZA, Katarzyna. "TRAVIS DURDEN, MYTHS AND IDOLS. GWIEZDNE WOJNY W ARTYSTYCZNYM ENTOURAGE’U." Historia@Teoria 1, no. 7 (June 27, 2019): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ht.2018.7.1.02.
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The project Myths and Idols, by the French photographer Travis Durden, came into being in 2015 by means of digital technology. The artist processed photos of nine selected modern sculptures, mostly related to ancient matters, in order to provide them with the attributes or heads belonging to the heroes of the famous Star Wars saga. The sculptures chosen by Durden for his project had been created by European artists (French sculptors and one Italian master) and they are exclusively of an early modern provenance (arising from the Renaissance, Classicism, and Neoclassicism). Not a single work of ancient art is included. However, the classical (ancient) art itself became an object of the Parisian sculptor’s interest in terms of taking early modern art into account as the artists of the latter patterned themselves on ancient samples and picked up ancient subject matters. Likewise, Star Wars in turn constitutes a product of the American pop- culture frequently referring to motifs which had originated in ancient culture. The article discusses all nine photo collages and the whole project is being interpreted. Myths and Idols offers an example of the double reception of ancient culture – the early modern and contemporary ones.
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Vistoli, Fabrizio. "Una nuova acquisizione di ceramica "white-on-red" dall'ager Veientanus." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 1 (November 2008): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-01-05.
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This paper presents an unpublished clay plate with painted decoration found during field surveys conducted in 1994 inside the area of a new Etruscan settlement discovered in the district of “Acquatraversa”, nearby the ancient route of via Veientana (Rome). The analytical study of this important and typical object, besides comparison with related pottery, makes it possible to assign its date exactly to the beginning of the last quarter of seventh century BC, as well as to suggest that it was manufactured in the territory of ancient Capena.
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Ulchitckii, Oleg Aleksandrovich. "Bolshekaraganskaya Valley – a Proto-Indo-European boundary of ancient civilization." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 2 (February 2020): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.2.30112.
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The object of this research is the territory of formation of fortified settlements of the Bronze Age in Southern Ural – Bolshekaraganskaya Valley and adjacent territory within the Chelyabinsk Region. The subject of this research is the territorial-geographic complexes and historical-theoretical approaches towards studying the fortified settlements of ancient Ural in dynamics of their development. The author explores such aspects of the topic, as the formation of the center and core of resettlement of the Bronze Age in the basin of Bolshaya Karaganka River, which joins Ural River in southern part of Chelyabinsk Region, the territory also known as Arkaimskaya Valley. Special attention is given to localization and layer-wise fixation of the fortified settlements, as well as typology of their morphogenesis. Research methodology is built on the theory of historical-architectural comparativism and comparative analysis of patterns of the fortified settlements in their layer wise fixation. The main conclusion is defined by the most comprehensive review of the typology of fortified settlements of South Ural of the Bronze Age. The analysis of planning analogues determined the typological and morphological similarity of the objects, succession of construction traditions in territories with the advanced urban development systems of Middle Asia. The results of analysis provided certain clarifications in determining the unique morphology of the plans of fortified settlements related to multi-functionality of the objects, virtually first known in history at the moment of research, living and industrial fortified structures with the dominant metallurgical function. The research results allow suggesting the origin of Sintashtinsko-Petrovsky city-forming fortification system in compliance with the ancient architectural and urban traditions in Middle Asia at the early development stages of Indo-European states.
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Lau, George F. "The work of surfaces: object worlds and techniques of enhancement in the ancient Andes." Journal of Material Culture 15, no. 3 (September 2010): 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183510373986.
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Mair, Esther Le, Cynthia A. Johnson, Michael Frotscher, Thórhallur Eythórsson, and Jóhanna Barðdal. "Position as a behavioral property of subjects." Indogermanische Forschungen 122, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2017-0006.
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AbstractA subject analysis of oblique subject-like arguments remains controversial even across modern languages where the available data are not finite: while such arguments are considered syntactic subjects in Icelandic, they have more often been analyzed as objects in Lithuanian, for example. This issue has been left relatively neglected for the ancient Indo-European languages outside of Sanskrit (Hock 1990), Gothic (Barðdal & Eythórsson 2012), and Ancient Greek (Danesi 2015). In this article, we address the status of oblique subject-like arguments in Old Irish, whose strict word-order enables us to compare the position (relative to the verb and other arguments) of nominative subject arguments of the canonical type to oblique subject-like arguments. We first establish a baseline for neutral word-order of nominative subjects and accusative objects and then compare their distribution to that of oblique subject-like arguments under two conditions: i) on a subject analysis and ii) on an object analysis. The word-order distribution differs significantly across the two contexts when the oblique arguments are analyzed as syntactic objects, but not when they are analyzed as syntactic subjects. These findings add to the growing evidence that oblique subject-like arguments should be analyzed as syntactic subjects, although their coding properties are non-canonical.
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Dubovtseva, Е. N. "SETTLEMENT BARSOVA GORA II/42 (NEOLITHIC, ENEOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE COMPLEXES)." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2021-3-2-122-136.
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The settlement Barsova Gora II/42 is located in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, 15 km west of Surgut, on the high bank of the Ob' River. The settlement is being actively destroyed due to the activities of oil companies. More than 20 objects and structures were investigated in 2011 during rescue excavations, some of them are pits of ancient dwellings (sites 1, 2, 6, 15, 19), some are household outbuildings and pits (sites 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20), two objects have a cult purpose (sites 5, 12). An important feature of the monument is that archaeological structures of different epochs and cultures overlap each other, allowing us to trace the sequence of settlement of this part of the Ob River bank. During the Neolithic Age the constructions of Bystrinsky and Barsovogorsky cultural types were located here, the cultural layers containing ceramics of Vakhovsky type belong to the Eneolithic Age, and the constructions and household pits of Kulugansky type belong to the Bronze Age. An ochre storage pit and a ring ochre structure represent a unique object, which is probably related to ancient rituals. The revealed objects (Nos. 15, 19, 18, 2, 1, 5, 17, 13) are partially investigated and require further excavations.
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Beatriz Borba Florenzano, Maria. "Cities And Peripheral Areas In The Ancient Word." Heródoto: Revista do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Antiguidade Clássica e suas Conexões Afro-asiáticas 4, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/herodoto.2019.v4.10083.
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The interview with Professor Maria Beatriz Borba Florenzano of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnology of the University of São Paulo (MAE-USP), discusses the professional and academic career and the transition of her object of study made between numismatics and the ancient city. The interview highlights the history and importance of the Labeca laboratory in achieving the research objectives. The interview also focuses on the new perspectives and contributions of history and archeology that reveal the complexity and diversity of ancient Greek cities, beyond Athenocentrism and concepts of polis, city-state, colony and periphery. Finally, Maria Beatriz Borba Florenzano considers the relationship and importance of these debates in contemporary Brazil, also speaking also about the reception of the MAE exhibition “A Pólis: viver na cidade grega”.
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Zhao, Jun Lan, Ran Wu, Lei Wang, and Yi Qin Wu. "The Application of 3D Laser Scanning Technology in Ancient Architecture Protection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 3476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.3476.
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The study of 3D laser scanning technology in Category Conservation is one of the hot researches in recent years. Through the high-speed laser scanning, catching the 3D data of an object in large-scale with high efficiency, high accuracy and excellent resolution, is a new way in 3D reconstruction and image data acquisition. The method has achieved good results through the experiment.
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Гурская [Hurskaia], Юлия [IUliia]. "К истории формирования древних фамилий современного белорусского ареала." Acta Baltico-Slavica 34 (August 31, 2015): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2010.003.
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To the history of the ancient family names format on of modern Belarus arealThe aim of the article is investigation of the ancient family names formation of the modern Belarus areal covering three aspects: areal topological, comparatively historical and lingua cultural.The Object Subject of the article is the etymological reconstruction of the anthroponymycal archetypes, cultural possibilities and modes of ancient family names conceptualization. We understand the term “ancient family names” as family naming in the XIV–XV centuries when this territory belong to the Great Principality of Lithuania. We attributed to the ancient family names’ nuclear composite and formed out of them short onomastic units that go back, regarding X. Krae, to the ancient European areal. Many anthroponymycal roots entering into the composition of ancient complex names are referred by investigators to the category of relict proper names.Methods of investigation is areal‑typological, comparatively‑historical and descriptive. Some methods of onomastic investigation such as etymological, structural and word‑formative analysis were also used.The scientific novelty of the investigation lies in the fact that we propose the concept of the ancient family names formation in Belarus areal in the context of the formation of the European anthroponymycal systems; singled out and systematize the corpus of ancient anthroponymycal and toponymycal lexemes of investigated areal and their etymological conceptual analysis was carried out.
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Tomkowska, Anna. "Conservation and restoration of a votive mask from Jiyeh in Lebanon." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 25 (May 15, 2017): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1871.
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A terracotta mask discovered at the site of Jiyeh (ancient Porphyreon) in Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast between Beirut and Sidon, underwent conservation and restoration in 2014. A silicone cast of the object was made as part of the process, which included reconstruction of the losses and final retouch. The state of preservation of the object was assessed during the course of the conservation. A study of the production technique permitted the mask production process to be reconstructed to a large extent.
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Knutson, Sara Ann. "When Objects Misbehave." Fabula 61, no. 3-4 (November 25, 2020): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2020-0014.
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AbstractThis article explores new possibilities for the interpretation of myths. It asks how people in the past configured their world and its complex interactions, to which their orally-constructed stories bear witness. It is assumed here that myths contain structures of belief, cognition, and world-making beyond their immediate subject matter. This article focuses specifically on the preservation of material objects in myths throughout their transmission from changing oral narratives to written form. We should not assume that objects in oral traditions simply color the narratives; rather, these representations of materials can provide clues into the mentalities of past peoples and how they understood the complex interaction between humans and materials. As a case study, I examine the Old Norse myths, stories containing materials that reinforced Scandinavian oral traditions and gave the stories traction, memory, and influence. In doing so, this article hopes to help bridge materiality studies, narrative studies, and folklore in a way that does not privilege one particular source type over another. The myths reveal ancient Scandinavian conceptions of what constituted an “object,” which are not necessarily the same as our own twenty-first century expectations. The Scandinavian myths present a world not divided between active Subject, passive Object as the Cartesian model would enforce centuries later, but rather one that recognized distinctive object agencies beyond the realm of human intention.