Journal articles: 'Ancient philosophers'

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Gustafson, Donald. "Philosophers Ancient and Modern." Teaching Philosophy 12, no. 2 (1989): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil198912241.

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Ahonen, Marke. "Ancient philosophers on mental illness." History of Psychiatry 30, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x18803508.

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This article explores how the ancient philosophers from Plato to late antiquity understood mental illness. It outlines when, how and in what kind of contexts the phenomenon of mental illness was recognized in the ancient philosophical texts, how mental illness was understood in terms of the body–mind interaction, and how mental disorders of the medical kind were distinguished from non-medical psychic disturbances. It establishes that, while the philosophers mostly understood mental illness along the lines of ancient medical thinking, their ideas, for example on the nature and location of the soul, informed their theories of mental illness.

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Bas, James Le, David Armstrong, Robert King, Jocelyn Dunphy Blomfield, and Neil Phillips. "A Discussion with D.M. Armstrong about the Nexus between Philosophy and Psychiatry." Australasian Psychiatry 10, no. 4 (August 2002): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2002.00489.x.

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Objective: To explore practical issues in the Mind-Body Problem through a discussion with philosopher D.M. Armstrong. Conclusions: Debate about the Mind-Body Problem stretches from the Ancient Greeks to the present time. Thanks to philosophers such as Armstrong and Smart, Australia has played a pivotal role in modern developments. Dialogues involving clinicians and philosophers hold the promise of opening up new fields of intersection.

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Marmodoro, Anna. "WHY STUDYING THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY MATTERS." Think 21, no. 60 (December 30, 2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175621000294.

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The debate over whether and how philosophers of today may usefully engage with philosophers of the past is nearly as old as the history of philosophy itself. Does the study of the history of philosophy train or corrupt the budding philosopher's mind? Why study the history of philosophy? And, how to study the history of philosophy? I discuss some mainstream approaches to the study of the history of philosophy (with special focus on ancient philosophy), before explicating the one I adopt and commend.

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Sesanti, Simphiwe. "Teaching Ancient Egyptian Philosophy of Education in Teacher Education." Filosofia Theoretica: Journal of African Philosophy, Culture and Religions 11, no. 2 (September 23, 2022): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ft.v11i2.8.

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In 2003, almost a decade after South Africa’s 1994 first democratic elections, an academic debate emerged about the need to include the indigenous African philosophy of education in teacher education. Subsequently, Ubuntu philosophy has been given attention in philosophy for teacher education. However, ancient Egyptian philosophy of education, an indigenous African tradition, is absent. On their part, European and Asian philosophies of education are centred, leaving space for some philosophers of education to falsely attribute the genesis of philosophy, in general, and philosophy of education, in particular, to Europe and Asia since the two are dated. In contrast, Ubuntu philosophy of education is not dated. In this article, I argue that ancient Egyptian philosophy of education must be reclaimed and centred on teacher education not only in South Africa but wherever Africans are. Such an approach will not only expose Africans to their rich philosophical heritage but will also help to reclaim African philosophy’s space as a leader of humankind in the history of philosophy.

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Kucharski, Janek, and Przemysław Marciniak. "The beard and its philosopher: Theodore Prodromos on the philosopher's beard in Byzantium." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 41, no. 1 (March 16, 2017): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2016.28.

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The following paper analyses Theodore Prodromos’ satire, Against the old man with a long beard. It argues that the text which is heavily based on the ancient tradition of ridiculing philosophers is in fact directed against the twelfth-century fellow teachers of Prodromos.

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Malik, Galym, and Shuga Abeuova. "THE PHENOMENON OF POWER IN THE CONCEPTS OF ARISTOTLE AND PLATO." Al-Farabi 81, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2023.1/1999-5911.02.

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The article examines the problem of managing society according to the principle of «the power of the best» in the system of socio-philosophical views of Plato and Aristotle. The main definitions of this concept in the political theories of prominent thinkers of antiquity are shown. The purpose of this article is to analyze the views of ancient philosophers on the problem of the social avant-garde. This problem in ancient philosophy is represented, first of all, by the works of two of its most prominent representatives: Plato and Aristotle. Both thinkers did not use the concept of «social avant-garde», and the advanced part of society, which played a leading role in its development, was designated by them by the term "the best people". Understanding the role of the best people in the structure of the state and power occupies one of the central places in Plato's philosophical system. Plato calls the best people philosophers. It is the philosophers, according to Plato, who should have a leading role in the state. Highlighting the main features inherent in philosophers, Plato proceeds from reasoning about the three basic principles of the human soul: reasonable, unreasonable (desiring), and rage of the spirit (anger). These principles, according to the philosopher, are inherent

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Yovanovich, Tamara G. "PHILOSOPHIC CONCEPTIONS OF BEAUTY IN ANCIENT AESTHETICS." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2023-15-1-205-218.

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The research work is devoted to the examination of the definition of beauty in ancient philosophers’ worldview conceptions such as Aristotle, Platon, Pythagoras and Stoics. The author studied the basis development of philosophic ideas in the period of the ancient philosophy applied to idealistic conception of world understanding the definition of beauty. Materials for research are based on works of ancient philosophers and scientific publications on the topic of research as well. The method of research is a comparative analysis that allows synthesizing theoretical and conceptual basis of definitions; the interpreting method of scientific and fiction philosophy works; synthesis method and analogy of receiving data for systematization and definition patterns of world view ancient philosophers positions’ conceptual basis. Results. The definition of beauty is examined consequently with words “soul”, “body”, “good’, so, it is morally oriented in the ancient philosophers’ work. It is used with strong relationship with idea about beauty in surrounding material and spiritual world. The conception of beauty was analyzed and generalized in the ancient philosophers’ treatises and arguments. The author evaluated aesthetics aspect of the idealistic conception of beauty. The period under consideration characterized by rising and formation of anthropological aesthetics replaced cosmological theory and made a great impact on the definition of beauty in nature and art. The author examined idealistic and subjective approach to the definition of beauty. The conclusion is that ancient philosophers enrich the definition of beauty in art and nature, focusing their statements on subjective side of the relationship between a person and surrounding world. The article presents the analysis and interpretation of Aristotle, Plato’s philosophical writings, defined idealistic concepts’ basis of beauty in ancient philosophy.

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Boeri, Marcelo. "Filosofía, historia de la filosofía y pensamiento antiguo." Síntesis. Revista de Filosofía 3, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 78–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15691/0718-5448vol3iss1a312.

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After physical reality began to be considered mathematically, and the Aristotelian conception of the world was abandoned one should accept that the world the Ancient Greeks were in the habit of considering has disappeared. One might also say that the world is not today what it used to be some decades ago. The technological revolution and its progress, the sophistication of methods of communication, the appearance of new illnesses and calamities indicate that our world is no longer the world that was known by the philosophers and scientists of the first decades of the 20th century. Ancient philosophers did not have to face these kinds of problems. My claim in this paper is that Ancient philosophy can be regarded as living thought and hence not as a “piece of archaeology”. I shall examine first some possible ways of considering the study of Ancient philosophy. Secondly, I will provide some examples of philosophical problems posited by Ancient philosophers that have been considered seriously by some distinguished contemporary philosophers. Finally, I will give some concluding remarks.

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Bo, Wang. "What Did the Ancient Chinese Philosophers Discuss?" Contemporary Chinese Thought 30, no. 4 (July 1999): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csp1097-1467300428.

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Chang, Hui-Ching. "Learning speaking skills from our ancient philosophers." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.11.2.02cha.

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Definitions and contents of interpersonal communication have undergone significant change in modern Taiwan, as can be observed from the production of an ever-increasing number of translated books that purport to teach people how to communicate. Since skills taught in these foreign texts unavoidably reflect a Western cultural orientation, a counter-balancing force that elevates and highlights Chinese cultural traditions can be readily observed. In response to challenges from the West, books by Chinese natives call for readers’ appreciation of speaking skills employed by ancient Chinese philosophers, politicians, and others. Through such rhetorical efforts that revitalize the image of eloquent ancient Chinese speakers, these popular media redefine “the Chinese cultural traditions,” (1) as embracing articulate and eloquent speaking skills rather than merely emphasizing humbleness; (2) as a guide for the future rather than something to be discarded; and consequently, (3) as a solution to the seeming struggle between modernity and tradition. This paper traces the development of popular books during 1994–1998, analyzing selected popular books written by Chinese to examine how Chinese authors fashion their own unique discourse about communication to challenge and supplement extra-cultural ideas introduced by translated popular books.

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Bilousova, Kira Oleksiivna. "ANCIENT VIEW OF LOVE PHILOSOPHY THROUGH THE THOUGHTS OF ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS." Perspectives. Socio-political journal, no. 2 (2023): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/spj1561-1264.2023.2.2.

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Zvonska, Lesia. "THE POETIC SPACE OF THE WORK OF DIOGENES LAERTIUS "LIVES AND THOUGHTS OF EMINENT PHILOSOPHERS"." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 35 (2024): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2024.35.03.

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The article examines the poetic component in the discourse of the work of Diogenes Laertius "Life and Thoughts of Famous Philosophers" in the aspect of ancient biography and doxography and in correlation with the cultural and historical realities of ancient Greek panegyrics and invective. The stylistic features of epigrammatic poetry about philosophers are characterized: apotheosis, heroization and glorification or, on the contrary, satire, invective and parody. Panegyristics is embodied in the form of deification, ascension to heaven to the Olympians, invective - in ridiculing human flaws and the shortcomings of philosophers and discrediting their teachings. In the studied epigrams, philosophers, along with prominent historical figures and winners of all-Greek competitions, became objects of public worship for the first time. The poetic works of the philosophers themselves (Solon, Xenophanes, Parmenides, Empedocles, Epicharmus, Plato, Arkesilaus, Cratetus, Bion) are also analyzed. , quotations by various philosophers of ancient Greek poetry, their paraphrases and parodies of famous poets. The poetic discourse is described, presented both in the diachrony of the authors involved by Diogenes, starting from Homer and ending with late Hellenistic epigrammatists (more than 250 poems by 32 well-known and little-known authors), and in their genre diversity (epic, lyric, elegy, tragedy, comedy, canticles, oracles , epigram, epitaph, dialogue-diatribe). The metric schemes of poetic works, both quoted by Diogenes and the author's original poetry (dactylic hexameter, pentameter, logaeds, in particular, Archebulian measure, meliamb, prokeleusmatic, holiamb) are indicated; the source base of poetic works used by Diogenes is indicated, from ancient and Byzantine collections (Palatine Anthology, Planudеa Anthology) to scholarly editions of ancient Greek poetry. The rhetorical devices of the panegyric and much more often mocking epigrams of Diogenes himself, of which there are 52 works, are considered.

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Wider, Kathleen. "Women Philosophers in the Ancient Greek World: Donning the Mantle." Hypatia 1, no. 1 (1986): 21–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1986.tb00521.x.

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This paper argues that there were women involved with philosophy on a fairly constant basis throughout Greek antiquity. It does so by tracing the lives and where extant the writings of these women. However, since the sources, both ancient and modern, from which we derive our knowledge about these women are so sexist and easily distort our view of these women and their accomplishments, the paper also discusses the manner in which their histories come down to us as well as the histories themselves. It discusses in detail the following women: the Pythagorean women philosophers of the 6th and 5th centuries B.C., Aspasia and Diotima of the 5th century B.C., Arete, Hipparchia, Pamphile and the women Epicureans—all from the 4th century B.C. the five logician daughters of a famous Stoic philosopher of the 3rd century B.C., and finally Hypatia who lived in the 4th century A.D.

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熊, 辉. "Study of Time-Space for Ancient Chinese Philosophers." Advances in Philosophy 01, no. 02 (2012): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/acpp.2012.12002.

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Steinmetz, David C. "Calvin as Biblical Interpreter Among the Ancient Philosophers." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 63, no. 2 (April 2009): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002096430906300204.

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God providentially guided the ancient classical authors into the perception of truths and the unmasking of errors. Even the errors they never caught are instructive. For Calvin, the only proper response to this rich intellectual heritage for a devout Christian people called to love God with their minds as well as with their hearts must always remain profound gratitude.

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Hassan, Aminuddin, Norhasni Zainal Abiddin, and Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub. "Associating Great Ancient Philosophers to Current Mathematical Practice." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 8 (2010): 745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.103.

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Dorofeev, Daniil Yu, Roman V Svetlov, Mikhail I Mikeshin, and Marina A Vasilyeva. "Iconography of Plato in antiquity and in medieval orthodox painting." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 15, no. 1 (2021): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-1-31-52.

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The article is devoted to the topic of visualization, which is relevant for the modern world in general and scientific knowledge in particular, investigated through the image of Plato in Antiquity and in medieval Orthodox painting. Using the example of Plato’s iconography as a visual message, the authors want to show the great potential for the development of the visual history of philosophy, anthropology and culture in general, as well as the new visually oriented semiotics and semantics of the image. This approach reveals expressively and meaningfully its relevance for the study of Plato’s image, together with other ancient philosophers’ images, in Orthodox medieval churches in Greece, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and, of course, ancient Russia in the 15th-17th cc, allowing to see the great ancient Greek philosopher from a new perspective.

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محمد حماد النور, د/ عرفه. "جهود الكندي في التوفيق بين الفلسفة والإسلام." Omdurman Islamic University Journal 11, no. 2 (November 22, 2021): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/oiuj.v11i2.1709.

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In this research, I tackled the Arab philosopher Alkindi, the pioneer of Islamic philosophy, who is one of Islamic scholars. I tackled the meaning of word philosophy in the first chapter; then I tackled the conception of philosophy in ancient Greeks including naturalists, Stoics and Atheists as well as I tackled the way that Greek wisdom (philosophy) extracted by Arabs; particularly translation method which was used in translating many books of logic, philosophy and others. The second chapter includes Alkindi’s life; his birth, education, ancestry, his work in translation and philosophy. In the third chapter, I tackled the efforts that were done by Alkindi to harmonize between philosophy and Islam; in other words, between mentality and inspiration through his Islamic theories in which he based his own Islamic belief, his great Islamic culture and knowledge of ancients. He gave evidences and proofs to pursue his theories and ratify theories of disbelievers of Greek philosophers. I also mentioned his great and unique additions to science of philosophy, which paved the way for Islamic philosophers who appeared after his era. The research ended bya conclusion and recommendations

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Leshem, Dotan. "Retrospectives: What Did the Ancient Greeks Mean by Oikonomia?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.30.1.225.

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Nearly every economist has at some point in the standard coursework been exposed to a brief explanation that the origin of the word “economy” can be traced back to the Greek word oikonomia, which in turn is composed of two words: oikos, which is usually translated as “household”; and nemein, which is best translated as “management and dispensation.” Thus, the cursory story usually goes, the term oikonomia referred to “household management” and while this was in some loose way linked to the idea of budgeting, it has little or no relevance to contemporary economics. This article introduces in more detail what the ancient Greek philosophers meant by “oikonomia.” It begins with a short history of the word. It then explores some of the key elements of oikonomia, while offering some comparisons and contrasts with modern economic thought. For example, both Ancient Greek oikonomia and contemporary economics study human behavior as a relationship between ends and means which have alternative uses. However, while both approaches hold that the rationality of any economic action is dependent on the frugal use of means, contemporary economics is largely neutral between ends, while in ancient economic theory, an action is considered economically rational only when taken towards a praiseworthy end. Moreover, the ancient philosophers had a distinct view of what constituted such an end—specifically, acting as a philosopher or as an active participant in the life of the city-state.

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Balandina, R. R., and E. V. Kuzmina. "Axiological Attitudes in the Interpretation of the Rational and Irrational in the Works of Latin Apologetics Scholars." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 37 (2021): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2021.37.128.

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The article aims at demonstrating significant differences in the perception of rationality and irrationality in the works of ancient Greek philosophers and philosophers of the period of Latin apologetics. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the works of ancient and Latin philosophers. The analysis revealed that the Greeks solved the problem of the ratio of the rational and the irrational in an ontological way, while the Latins shifted the focus on the problem to the axiological dimension. The article presents the correlation of three examples of ontological orientation of pagan philosophy with three examples of axiological orientation of Latin theology of the apologetic period. The research methodology is based on the combination of historical-functional and comparative analyses. The works of N. S. Mudragey, where the validity of the use of the concepts "rational" and "irrational" in relation to ancient philosophy was proved, provided the methodological basis of the study, as well as the works of G. G. Mayorov, who actually was the first to consider Latin apologetics as a system with a clear tendency from hellenophilia to hellenophobia. The works of ancient Greek philosophers provided the theoretical basis of the study, as well as the works of Lactantius, Arnobius, Tertullian, and Minucius.

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Makhortova, Varvara. "Classical Antiquity in the Poetry of Sophia de Mello Breiner Andresen." Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 44, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2020-44-6-96-102.

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The article analyses the influence of Ancient Greek philosophy and mythology, noticeable in the poetry of Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen. The results of the analysis show that Sophia de Mello’s poetry, seemingly non-philosophic, is based on the ideas close to the theories proposed by ancient philosophers from Pre-Socratics philosophers to Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. The ideas of the unity between the human being and the Universe, as well as Plato’s theory of the Truth, the Good and the Beauty gain the special importance for the Portuguese writer. The ancient myths are reinterpreted by Sophia de Mello. The Ancient Greece is represented as the symbol of harmony between the human being and the Nature.

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Dorofeev, Daniil. "Ancient Philosophers in Saint Petersburg: Visual-Plastic Forming of City and Person." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 15, no. 2 (2021): 868–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-868-893.

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The article is devoted to the study of philosophical significance of visual and plastic iconography of ancient philosophers as a special way of education and formation of human image, landscape of the city and culture as a whole. The author seeks to identify and analyze as much as possible the presence of such images in St. Petersburg, primarily in the form of sculptural statues and busts in palaces and parks. For this purpose the article examines what role antique plastic art played in the systems of education and aesthetics of everyday life of in the 18th and 19th centuries men, how and by whom it was perceived, disseminated and propagandized. Particular attention is paid to the history and philosophy of garden art from Ancient Greece to the Enlightenment, since this is where the educational function of the iconography of ancient philosophers (for example, in the Summer Garden and Pavlovsky Park) is expressively revealed. The article uses extensive material to illustrate the peculiarities of ancient art collections and the originality of images of ancient philosophers in European and Russian culture of the 18th–19th centuries.

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Nagy, Katalin. "A négy alapelem a képzőművészetben." Kaleidoscope history 11, no. 23 (2021): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.23.297-302.

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The four basic elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Air. Ancient classical element theories. Ancient elements in prehistoric cultures, mythologies, Egypt, and Greek vase painting. Ideas of philosophers and artists.

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COOK, JOHN GRANGER. "Pagan Philosophers and 1 Thessalonians." New Testament Studies 52, no. 4 (October 2006): 514–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688506000282.

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Certain ancient philosophers (Celsus, Porphyry, Hierocles, Julian, and Macarius Magnes' critic) responded antagonistically to the New Testament. Their responses to several New Testament themes that appear in Paul's first letter to the Thessalonians and one specific text (1 Thess 4.15–17) show how difficult it was to persuade some individuals to give up paganism. Their criticisms of the New Testament probably indicate how the antagonists would have read 1 Thessalonians. The essay is a contribution to the history of the reception of the New Testament.

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Zborovska, Xenija. "EARLY ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS: the beginning of European philosophical thought on the margins." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2020.04.023.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of some trends in modern world antiquity and the re-actualization of issues that have methodological and ethical significance for researchers in this field. The essay is aimed not so much at building a broad argument for the "defense" of early ancient philosophers but at (re) actualizing those questions that should be answered by a historian of philosophy, translator, antiquarian, or more broadly - a researcher related to this field. . The author questions the place of the legacy of early ancient philosophers in the history of philosophy, as well as the ethics of "ranking" of more or less important philosophical doctrines. If we turn to the question of assessing (less) the value of the philosopher on the historical background, it remains open. It needs to be discussed soon because, without its clarification, there are no plans for translations and selection of authors for translation and research work in general. Areas will be unsystematic. Simultaneously, the birth of ancient philosophical thought ab initio is interesting precisely in its diversity, in the assortment of currents and approaches, in the pluralism of expressed ideas, because that is why almost every modern philosophical thesis can be justified with the help of an ancient heritage. After all, it is on such principles that specific steps can be outlined for building antiquity as a branch of Ukrainian science. That is why the author emphasizes the need for professional discussion of a range of issues that are basic for historical and philosophical science, which could clarify both the ethical dimension of the researcher and/or translator and the methodological direction of these studies, as well as affect the methodology of the thesaurus—key philosophical terms in Ukrainian. Addressing the origins of European philosophical thought is an urgent need of the Ukrainian community of philosophers because, without this field of research, the academic field cannot be complete.

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Ehilarasi, A. "Ancient Tamil and Science: A View." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i4.3865.

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Scientific research seems to unravel the mystery of the many effects we have around us. The main essence of this research is reflected in Tamil literature. Many scientists are philosophers. Unravel the many knots that are puzzling.

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Kleszcz, Ryszard. "O filozofii. Krótkie studium metafilozoficzne." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 53 (June 27, 2022): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.4.

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The study is devoted to the general characteristics of philosophy. So it has a metaphilosophical character. This characteristic, however, is not a descriptive presentation of what philosophical authors (philosophers, both ancient and modern) think about the subject of their research. In the author’s view, this study is a proposal to understand philosophy, its methods, and its relationship to science and worldview. The role of logic in the philosopher’s work is emphasized, but at the same time it is considered indispensable for a specifically understood speculative element.

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Stanley, Jason, and John B. Min. "Interview." Democratic Theory 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/dt.2018.050106.

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Stanley and Min discuss how propaganda works in liberal democratic societies. Stanley observes that the inability to address the crisis of liberal democracies can be partially explained by contemporary political philosophy’s penchant for idealized theorizing about norms of justice over transitions from injustice to justice. Whereas ancient and modern political philosophers took seriously propaganda and demagoguery of the elites and populists, contemporary political philosophers have tended to theorize about the idealized structures of justice. This leads to a lack of theoretical constructs and explanatory tools by which we can theorize about real-life political problems, such as mass incarceration. Starting with this premise, Stanley provides an explanation of how propaganda works and the mechanisms that enable propaganda. Stanley further theorizes the pernicious effects that elitism, populism, authoritarianism, and “post-truth” have on democratic politics.

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Warren, Mary Anne. "Feminist Archeology: Uncovering Women's Philosophical History." Hypatia 4, no. 1 (1989): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1989.tb00874.x.

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A History of Women Philosophers, Volume I: Ancient Women Philoophers, 600 B.C. - 500 A.D., edited by Mary Ellen Waithe, is an important but somewhat frustrating book. It is filled with tantalizing glimpses into the lives and thoughts of some of our earliest philosophical foremothers. Yet it lacks a clear unifying theme, and the abrupt transitions from one philosopher and period to the next are sometimes disconcerting. The overall effect is not unlike that of viewing an expansive landscape, illuminated only by a few tiny spotlights.

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Makin, Stephen. "How can we find out what Ancient Philosophers said?" Phronesis 33, no. 1-3 (1988): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852888x00117.

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Naumova, Uliana O., Valeriy D. Didukh, Liudmyla V. Naumova, and Lyubov S. Milevska-Vovchuk. "Philosophical principles of ancient medicine." BULLETIN OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 4, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2022.1.12720.

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Summary. The article describes the philosophical principles of ancient medicine from the end of VII century B.C. to the beginning of VI century A.D. At the beginning the ancient medicine was closely linked to philosophical knowledge. Many personalities not only solved philosophical problems, but also were engaged in medical practice. Doctors and philosophers were: Galen, Heraphilus, Heraclitus, Erasistratus, Pythagoras, Philolaus, Empedocles, Alcmaeon, Diogenes. Aristotle also had a medical education. The aim of the study – to expand and deepen the knowledge of the basics of ancient medicine, as well as to inspire and motivate modern physicians to an individual-oriented approach to every patient. Materials and Methods. Based on the Internet searching data bases, a review and analysis of materials about ancient medicine and the role of philosophy in its development has been made. Results. The contribution of ancient philosophers and physicians – Greeks and Romans – in the spiritual treasury of humankind cannot be overestimated. Hippocrates believed that "observation at the patient's bedside" was extremely necessary, because experience alone was "deceptive." He emphasized the need, although, complexity, at the same time of reasoning, the participation of the mind, thinking in the process of putting diagnosis of the disease. Hippocrates wrote: "Life is short, the path of art is long, a convenient case is fleeting, the experience is deceptive, and reasoning is difficult." Only by studying the interpenetration of soul and body, you can count on the effectiveness of treatment. Horace suggested defining mental health as a state in which a person is satisfied with himself, treats others correctly and is able to withstand life's troubles. Aristotle followed the principle that the soul cannot be separated from the body, so if a person has a healthy body, he has a healthy soul. The philosopher combined the concepts of physical and mental health. To paraphrase Newton, if we see further than they do, it is because we are standing on their shoulders. Conclusions. The process of history formation and development of philosophy and medicine is inextricably linked with the general history of humankind and science. The progress of medicine certainly directly affects the life of each of us in particular and society in general, and has such a social significance that it is simply impossible not to consider it when analyzing the development of society and its prospects

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Milburn, Olivia. "The Book of the Young Master of Accountancy: An Ancient Chinese Economics Text." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 50, no. 1 (2007): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852007780324002.

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AbstractIn ancient China, economic theory developed from the Warring States period onwards. Many philosophers included economic ideas in their works. A number of important theories were first articulated in an extremely obscure text, the Jinizi, a book was associated with the preunification state of Yue. The Jinizi is the earliest known text to include the concept of economic cycles, and it stresses the role of investment and savings in economic development, and price stabilisation. These ideas subsequently formed the cornerstone of ancient Chinese economic theory. This paper includes the first translation of the Jinizi into English. En Chine ancienne, la théorie économique se développa à partir de la période des Royaumes Combattants. Plusieurs philosophes inclurent des concepts économiques dans leurs travaux. Un nombre de théories importantes furent articulées dans un texte extrêmement obscure, le Jinizi, un livre associé avec l'état de Yue avant l'unification de la Chine. Le Jinizi est le premier texte à avoir inclu le concept des cycles économiques, et il appuie le rôle de l'investissement et de l'épargne dans le développement économique, et de la stabilisation des prix. Ces idées formèrent par la suite le point clé de la théorie économique en Chine ancienne. Cet article comprend la première traduction du Jinizi en Anglais.

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Hansen, Heine. "This Woman Is a Father? The Albricani on a Puzzle about Relations." Vivarium 60, no. 2-3 (August 17, 2022): 248–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685349-06002006.

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Abstract Medieval philosophers had a predilection for using the correlative pair father and son as an illustrative example in their discussions of relations. The use of this example has sometimes led to charges of confusion on the grounds that fatherhood and sonship are not proper converses. The present article shows how a group of twelfth-century philosophers from the milieu around the logician Alberic of Paris handled the problems arising from the use of this illustrative example which they had inherited from their ancient and late-ancient predecessors.

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Drach, Gennady, and Ruslan Frantsuzov. "About the "theology" of the early Greek philosophers." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 17, no. 2 (2023): 748–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2023-17-2-748-759.

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This article examines W. Jaeger’s work The theology of the early Greek philosophers: The Gifford Lectures, 1936. We believe that in addition to an extensive introductory article by V. V. Prokopenko, several points should be clarified. The first point is to reveal the ideological context within which this work was created and which it belonged to. The second point is to understand how W. Jaeger views the early Greek philosophers and what picture of early ancient intellectualism he paints. The disclosure of these two moments in unity lets us both to take a fresh look at the early ancient tradition of philosophizing and, to some extent, extrapolate this view by shifting the emphasis from the myth and logos plane to the area where mythopoetics (mythical theology) turns into theopoetics (philosophical theology).

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KÜLCÜ, Recep. "Pioneers of Scientific Thought: Empedocles and Anaxagoras." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IX (2023): 1252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.71004.

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Scientific thought can be defined as a mode of thinking that enables the production of knowledge within the scope of episteme through experimentation, observation, and the validation of hypotheses. In ancient times, the idea of explaining nature beyond mythologies can be considered as the initial steps of scientific thought. Within this context, it can be said that the natural philosophers took a significant step and opened the door from mythos to logos. In ancient philosophy, Empedocles and Anaxagoras made important contributions to the development of scientific thought. Empedocles, a philosopher, physician, scientist, and politician, lived between 492 and 432 BC. He spent his life in a Greek colony on the southern shores of Sicily. Empedocles represented a pluralistic understanding in philosophy and followed a conciliatory path in the debates of his time regarding change. He achieved significant success in the field of medicine and was reputed to have revived the dead during his time. In the political arena, he advocated for democracy and played a significant role in the political life of his country as the leader of the Democratic Party. Empedocles aimed to reform the religious beliefs of his time. Anaxagoras (500-428 BC) was born near Klazomenai, which is located within the borders of present-day Turkey, near Urla. He is regarded as a philosopher and scientist who spent his entire life and fortune on scientific research. He went to Athens at the invitation of Pericles and conducted research on celestial bodies there. The explanations that contradicted the beliefs of their time were not always welcomed with respect by all segments of society. At times, due to their thoughts that went against the beliefs of their time, they also faced discrimination. This study attempts to present the lives, philosophies, thoughts, and discrimination faced by the two sages of ancient times.

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Kuminova, K. "THE IMAGE OF A BARBARIAN IN “LIVES AND OPINIONS OF EMINENT PHILOSOPHERS” OF DIOGENES LAËRTIUS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 149 (2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.149.6.

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The paper considers two worlds – “ours” and “theirs” in the work of Diogenes Laërtius (3rd century AD). He was a biographer of Greek philosophers. The main objective of article is an analysis of the image “the Other” in “Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers”. Much attention is given to the historiography of problems of formation of the image of the Barbarian in the ancient literature. There were several semantic traditions of usage of the term “barbarian” in ancient culture. The Greeks used the term for those who did not speak Greek and who is perceived as primitive. The results show that Diogenes Laërtius used these two semantic traditions to determine “the barbarian”. The researcher analyzed the biographies of philosophers in “Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers”. Eight of them had barbaric roots, namely Thales of Miletus, Anacharsis, Pittacus, Clitomachus, Herillus, Menippus, Arcesilaus and Antisthenes. It has been found that knowledge of the ancient Greek language was a symbol of civilization for Diogenes Laërtius. All these philosophers were a part of the antique culture and civilization. They were not an example of the idealization of barbarians. Diogenes Laërtius used the image of “the Other” as an example of wildness because he considered that the Greek people and culture were superior to all others. However, this author expressed the idea of equality of different peoples This paper has clearly shown that studying the image of the barbarian has perspectives. We will analyze the work of contemporaries of Diogenes Laërtius in further articles.

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Kamtekar, Rachana. "Studying Ancient Political Thought Through Ancient Philosophers: The Case of Aristotle and Natural Slavery." Polis 33, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 150–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340077.

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This paper examines Aristotle’s view that there are natural slaves, able-bodied people who lack the capacity to deliberate about the good and bad in life, who are ideally suited to be ‘tools of action’ for practically intelligent masters. After reconstructing Aristotle’s reasoning for the view that there are natural slaves in Politics i, and proposing a philosophical motivation for his interest in natural slavery, the paper reflects on what this case suggests about scholarly engagement with the political views of ancient philosophers when these are so contrary to our own.

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Palmer, Ada. "Humanist Lives of Classical Philosophers and the Idea of Renaissance Secularization: Virtue, Rhetoric, and the Orthodox Sources of Unbelief." Renaissance Quarterly 70, no. 3 (2017): 935–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/693881.

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AbstractHumanists seeking to defend the classics in Christian-dominated Europe often reframed ancient philosophers as virtuous proto-Christians. This is particularly visible in the biographical paratexts written for printed editions of ancient philosophers such as Pythagoras, Epictetus, and Democritus, whose humanist editors’ Christianizing claims grew stronger over time. Pious humanists intended and expected the classics to strengthen and reaffirm Christian orthodoxy, but humanists’ own claims that pre-Christian sages, by the light of reason alone, had deduced the central truths of theology and surpassed Christians in the exercise of virtue inadvertently undermined the necessity of scripture and paved the way for later deism.

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Green, Monica. "A History of Women Philosophers. Volume I: Ancient Women Philosophers, 600 B.C.-500 A.D.Mary Ellen Waith." Isis 80, no. 1 (March 1989): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/354993.

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Clements, Niki Kasumi. "Elephants, Christians, and Pagans in the History of Sexuality." Arethusa 56, no. 3 (September 2023): 305–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/are.2023.a917340.

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Abstract: In this article, I argue that Foucault's archives at the Bibliothèque nationale de France require that we re-evaluate the development of his tournant antique . Between 1976 and 1984, Foucault does not orchestrate a turn to ancient Greek and Roman ethics in a departure from his analysis of modern sexuality in the 1976 History of Sexuality , volume 1, as volumes 2 and 3 as published suggest. Instead, it is through his redrafting of volume 2 that he moves from early modern to late ancient Christians, to Greco-Roman philosophers, to ancient Greek philosophers. Tracing Foucault's use of the "moral of the elephant" both before and after his January 1981 Collège de France course provides a way to better understand how Foucault shifts and constructs his History of Sexuality series over his last decade.

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Holowchak, M. Andrew. "The Fear, Honor, and Love of God: Thomas Jefferson on Jews, Philosophers, and Jesus." Forum Philosophicum 18, no. 1 (December 10, 2013): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2013.1801.04.

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In a letter to Benjamin Rush, Jefferson includes a syllabus—a comparative account of the merits of Jewish morality, ancient philosophy, and the precepts of Jesus. Using the syllabus as a guide, this paper is a critical examination of the influence of ancient ethical and religious thinking on Jefferson’s ethical and religious thinking—viz., Jefferson’s views of the ethics and religion of the Hebrews, the ancient philosophers, and Jesus.

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Babyetsiza, Julius, Edward Lambert, and Freddy Frejus. "The Intersection of Classical Philosophy and Entrepreneurship: Exploring Historical Philosophical Wisdom in Modern Business Ventures." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 1 (November 13, 2023): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijar.6.1.1571.

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This study purposed to explore intersection of classical philosophy and entrepreneurship. The study deployed a systematic literature review to identify the intersection of classical philosophy and entrepreneurship by conducting an extensive search of the literature databases, which included ChatGPT, Google Scholar, the Philosopher’s Index, and the Social Science Citation Index. The search terms that were used included “classical philosophy”, “traditional philosophy”, “ancient wisdom”, “historical wisdom”, “entrepreneurship” and “business ventures”. The study revealed the following: a good number of classical tenets and principles applicable to entrepreneurship; how the identified philosophical principles are applied to various aspects of entrepreneurship, including opportunity recognition, risk-taking, decision-making under uncertainty, leadership styles, and ethical considerations in business practices; and the relevance of classical philosophy in today's business world, showing that heeding the classical philosophers wisdom, business ventures aim higher purpose than merely being driven by profit motive. The study’s main contribution is that seasoning business decisions with the classical philosopher’s wisdom, business ventures serve higher purpose beyond profit maximisation. The study recommended that businesses tap into the classical philosophers’ tenets and principle in order to serve a higher purpose than being driven solely be profit drive

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Zoller, Robert. "The Hermetica as Ancient Science." Culture and Cosmos 1, no. 02 (October 1997): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.0201.0211.

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The Corpus Hermeticum1(CH) is a compilation of philosophical, theosophical, mystical and cosmological texts dating, in their present form, from the third-fourth centuries C.E. and attributed, according to tradition, to Hermes Trismegistus. These texts exerted considerable influence upon western philosophers, scientific thinkers and mystics throughout the Middle Ages, especially influencing the Renaissance Neoplatonists. Scholarly discussions of the Hermetica once focused upon this Corpus, which some have felt contains lofty ideals and noble speculations.

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Yatchenko, V. F. "On totemic representations in ancient Ukrainian mythology." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 27-28 (November 11, 2003): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2003.27-28.1464.

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Totemic myths are one of the most common types of myth-making activity of human tribal society. At the same time, they are one of the types of myths that have previously fallen into view of ethnographic researchers, psychologists and psychiatrists, philosophers and literary critics.

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Tsouna, Voula. "Doubts about other minds and the science of physiognomics." Classical Quarterly 48, no. 1 (May 1998): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/48.1.175.

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Most ancient philosophers found access to the mental states of people other than the perceiver less problematic than the moderns did. But there is evidence, however scarce, that some groups of ancient sceptics raised questions which I shall call, for brevity's sake, doubts about other minds.

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Honcharenko, Olha. "Does Philosophy Form or Inform? (Review of the Monograph Pierre Ado “Philosophy as a Way of Life”. Transl. by O. Yosypenko. Kyiv: New Acropolis, 2020)." Humanitarian vision 7, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/shv2021.02.061.

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The review includes a book by Pierre Ado, a French philosopher, philologist and researcher for ancient and medieval philosophy. The main idea of the book is to find an answer on the question: does philosophy form or inform? In this way, the author tries to actualize the fact that philosophical discourse and philosophical life are inseparable. He believes that the recognition of philosophical life as one of the poles of philosophy will help to find a place in our modern world for philosophers who will not only renew philosophical discourse, but also direct it into their lives. This book is addressed to everyone. Ado is convinced that anyone who dares to live in a philosophical way can become a philosopher.

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Hasan, Farukh, and Azizur Rahman. "CLASSIFICATION OF TANAFFUS (RESPIRATION) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO UNANI MEDICINE: A REVIEW." Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion 12, no. 4 (July 3, 2024): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.12495.

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Breathing or respiration has been essential in human life since ancient times. Philosophers and physicians of ancient times such as Hippocrates, Galen, and others had already written about breathing in literature. These antiquated viewpoints established the foundation for contemporary respiratory physiology and medicine. The Hippocratic literature established the importance of breath in maintaining the body's humour balance, whereas Galen elaborates on the anatomical and functional elements of respiration. Literature related to respiration is surveyed from various Unani classical books and their translations, commentaries, previous dissertations, journals, proceedings, etc. Hippocrates and Ibne Sina mentioned ten and seventeen types of respiration respectively. Ibne Sina also explained five special types of respirations. This research paper aims to explore and analyse the understanding and significance of respiration in the Unani system of medicine. And also provides a comprehensive overview of how ancient philosophers understood respiration.

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Lewandowski, Ignacy. "André Motte (1936–2021). Belgijski przyjaciel poznańskich filologów i filozofów antycznych." Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae 32, no. 1 (August 18, 2022): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sppgl.2022.xxxii.1.8.

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The author briefly presents the life and work of André Motte (who died 28 November 2021), who was a professor of ancient philology and philosophy at the University of Liège, and details his longtime cooperation with the ancient philologists and philosophers of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.

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Sommers, Christina. "The Feminist Revelation." Social Philosophy and Policy 8, no. 1 (1990): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500003782.

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In the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association for the fall of 1988, we find the view that “the power of philosophy lies in its radicalness.” The author, Tom Foster Digby, tells us that in our own day “the radical potency of philosophy is particularly well-illustrated by contemporary feminist philosophy” in ways that “could eventually reorder human life.” The claim that philosophy is essentially radical has deep historical roots.Aristotle and Plato each created a distinctive style of social philosophy. Following Ernest Barker, I shall call Aristotle's way of doing social philosophy “whiggish,” having in mind that the O.E.D. characterizes ‘whig’ as “a word that says in one syllable what ‘conservative liberal’ says in seven.” Later whigs shared with Aristotle the conviction that traditional arrangements have great moral weight, and that common opinion is a primary source of moral truth. The paradigm example of a whig moral philosopher is Henry Sidgwick, with his constant appeal to Common Sense and to “established morality.” On the more liberal side, we have philosophers like David Hume who cautions us to “adjust [political] innovations as much as possible to the ancient fabric,” and William James who insists that the liberal philosopher must reject radicalism.In modern times, many social philosophers have followed the more radical example of Plato, who was convinced that common opinion was benighted and in need of much consciousness-raising. Looking on society as a Cave that distorted real values, Plato showed a great readiness to discount traditional arrangements. He was perhaps the first philosopher to construct an ideal of a society that reflected principles of justice, inspiring generations of utopian social philosophers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ancient philosophers'

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