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1
Giaime, Matthieu. "Géoarchéologie des ports antiques en contextes deltaïques : quelques exemples de Méditerranée et de mer Noire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3091.
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Les deltas ont débuté leur édification il y a environ 7000 ans suite à la stabilisation du niveau de la mer. Ils offraient durant l’Antiquité une mosaïque d’environnements, plus ou moins protégés, favorables aux activités maritimes. Nous montrons que plusieurs types de ports deltaïques peuvent être identifiés en raison des différents contextes géomorphologiques offerts par les deltas. La mise en relation des résultats bio-sédimentologiques, avec les données archéologiques nous ont permis de détailler l’évolution des environnements portuaires de plusieurs sites antiques situés dans des deltas. La première étude a été menée à l’échelle du delta de la Kouban (Péninsule de Taman, Russie). Un carottage réalisé à l’extrémité orientale de la péninsule et sa comparaison avec d’autres études géoarchéologiques menées récemment dans le delta nous a permis de restituer l’évolution paléogéographique de la péninsule. Nous avons pu confirmer que cette dernière a constituée, suite à la remontée postglaciaire du niveau marin, un large archipel articulé autour de quatre îles. À Tel Akko (Baie de Haifa, Israël), notre étude nous a permis de restituer l’évolution côtière du site depuis l’Âge du Bronze. À Pollentia, cité romaine des Baléares, nous avons été en mesure de démontrer que le port était situé dans une lagune de faible profondeur située en marge distale d’un petit delta côtier. Enfin à Halmyris (Danube, Roumanie) nous avons été en mesure de démontrer que la forteresse romaine, installée sur un promontoire, était protégée des crues tout en bénéficiant d’un accès facilité au fleuve par l’intermédiaire d’un chenal secondaire au sein duquel son port aurait pu être installéRiver deltas began forming around 7000 years BP because of the stabilisation of the mean sea-level. The natural variety of wetland environments on clastic coasts, in particular deltas, explains in major part the important disparities in harbour contexts. The combination of earth sciences with archaeological tools allows us to investigate the environmental evolution of four ancient sites located on deltas. We investigate 7000 years of environmental changes on the Kuban delta (Taman Peninsula, Russia). A coring, from the eastern limit of the peninsula, and its comparison with other geoarchaeological studies undertaken on the delta, allow us to confirm that the Holocene marine transgression created an archipelago of four islands around 6000 years ago in the area of the present-day Taman Peninsula. In Antiquity, natural factors such as delta progradation and the evolution of spits and sand bars have considerably affected the landscape evolution and therefore human occupation of the peninsula. At Tel Akko, (Haifa Bay, Israel), we reconstruct the evolution of the coastal zone of the site since the Bronze Age. We propose different harbour locations over time. At Pollentia, a Roman city of Mallorca, we have been able to demonstrate that the harbour was situated in a shallow lagoon, probably dredged at the time of its foundation. At Halymris (Danube delta, Romania), our research supports the presence of a secondary fluvial-channel located close to the fortress where the harbour may have been installed. The fortress, located at the foot of a promontory, was protected from floods and provided easy access to the main channel of the river
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Ginalis, Alkiviadis. "Byzantine ports : Central Greece as a link between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06056474-143b-4547-b7eb-3bf635994295.
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This thesis presents a first archaeological introduction to the study of Byzantine ports, harbours and other coastal installations in the region of Thessaly. Thessaly not only constitutes an ideal region to gain equal information for the Early- to the Late Byzantine periods, but also to compare independent regional and imperial central building activities. However, in particular Thessaly’s maritime connectivity has never been studied in detail before. As such, a first step into a terra incognita, the thesis is divided into two main sections: In order to conceptualize the study of harbour sites, the thesis first sets up a framework for the definition, understanding and interpretation of the physical features of harbours and their function and purpose. Taking into account influencing environmental conditions, such as natural, economic, social and political components, this helps to determine an accurate hierarchical model and to illustrate the interrelationship between different types and forms of harbour sites. Subsequently, comprehensive archaeological investigations around the island of Skiathos and other harbour sites in Thessaly, executed in 2012 and 2013, are set against this theoretical groundwork. In contrast to the common approach of regional studies, where a first general overview is followed by individual detailed case-studies, the opposite methodology is undertaken in order to achieve a systematic study of the Thessalian harbours and the complexity of their network system. Consequently, the collection of data starts from the analysis of a distinct area of a region and continues with the broader regional picture of primary ports, secondary harbours and staple markets. Functioning as an important junction of the Aegean shipping lanes and being involved in regional as well as supra-regional trade and port networks, focus is therefore primarily dedicated to the island of Skiathos. A joint survey project in cooperation with the Greek Ephorate for Underwater Antiquities (EEA), the 13th Greek Ephorate for Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities and the 7th Greek Ephorate for Byzantine Antiquities was initiated by the author in 2012. A number of sites, including harbour installations and other coastal infrastructures, have been detected, documented and subsequently verified by geophysical prospections, using a Sub-bottom profiler and Side-Scan Sonar, in 2013. These have allowed to draw a clear historical picture of architectural developments, port networks and changes in the socio-economic connectivity of the area. Followed by a close investigation of further harbour sites throughout the entire region of Thessaly during two field seasons between 2012 and 2013, the detailed picture gained from the Skiathos survey project is brought to a wider context. This comparison finally allows an overall picture of the history and architectural developments of harbour structures and associated coastal sites, as well as general conclusions concerning the hierarchy and port network in the region during the Early to Late Byzantine periods. This has allowed a comprehensive understanding of the growth, use and decline of various ports, harbours and staple markets within Thessaly and has important repercussions for our understanding of wider social and economic changes that were occurring during these periods, such as the rise of the church as a powerful economic institution or the increasing activities of private entrepreneurs. In this way the submerged maritime heritage of Thessaly has provided a rich new resource with which to understand the cultural dynamics of the region as it emerged from its peripheral location to comprising major ports within the Roman maritime network and to stand out of the heart of the commercial route ways to and from Constantinople, as well as being part of the emergent networks of the western maritime states at the end of the period, such as Venice.
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Delile, Hugo. "Signatures des paléo-pollutions et des paléo-environnements dans les archives sédimentaires des ports antiques de Rome et d’Éphèse." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20065/document.
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Rome et Éphèse sont deux villes portuaires emblématiques de la Méditerranée antique ; la première fut le centre de l’Empire romain et la seconde devint la capitale romaine d’Asie mineure à la fin du 1er s. av. J.-C. Leur rayonnement économique et commercial en Méditerranée reposa notamment sur leur système portuaire. Cette étude a pour vocation de retranscrire le développement économique de ces deux cités par le signal des paléo-pollutions. Pour mener à bien ces travaux, nous avons prélevé des carottes dans les archives sédimentaires des bassins portuaires sur lesquels les isotopes du plomb ont été mesurés. La reconstitution des paléo-environnements par la géochimie élémentaire a été un préalable indispensable. Sur le temps long, la dynamique des masses d’eau portuaires fut visiblement soumise à la progradation des systèmes deltaïques, ainsi qu’aux interventions humaines qui modifièrent les environnements aquatiques initialement ouverts et bien oxygénés au profit de milieux fermés en déficit de dioxygène. Ce confinement des bassins portuaires franchit un seuil irréversible pour la navigation dès lors qu’un régime épilimnique se mit en place en raison d’une trop faible profondeur de la colonne d’eau. Les niveaux de contamination au plomb ont relativement bien enregistré l’état de santé économique de Rome et d’Éphèse qui évolua notamment au gré des périodes de prospérité et de troubles. Cependant, l’évolution des conditions environnementales et les multiples dragages semblent avoir altéré une partie de ces enregistrements. Les données isotopiques du plomb, converties en paramètres géologiques (Tmod, μ et к), nous ont également permis d’émettre des hypothèses sur les sources d’approvisionnement en minerais de plomb à l’origine de ces pollutions. On peut en retenir que les stratégies d’alimentation en plomb à l’époque romaine furent locales. En effet, il semble assez logique que ces deux cités aient dominé les espaces économiques environnants avec lesquelles elles étaient en contact. En revanche, alors que l’entrée dans le Moyen Âge s’accompagne du déclin de Rome, Éphèse retrouve sa prospérité passée avec l’importation de plomb hercynien d’Europe de l’Ouest produit massivement à la suite de la révolution économique médiévaleRome and Ephesus are two iconic harbor cities of the ancient Mediterranean; the first was the center of the Roman Empire and the second became the Roman capital of Asia Minor at the end of the 1st c. BC. The economic and commercial influence of these two ports in the Mediterranean depended heavily on their harbor systems. The aim of this study is to discern the economic development of Rome and Ephesus from the geochemical signals of the pollution they were exposed to. To this end, we drilled cores through the sedimentary archives of the two ancient harbors and measured major and trace element concentrations and Pb isotope compositions. Both harbors were subject to delta progradation, Rome by the Tiber and Ephesus by the Caÿster, which changed the aquatic environments from being initially open and well oxygenated to becoming closed and anoxic. The harbor basins finally shut down for shipping when an epilimnic system came into place due to too shallow a depth of the water column. Although changing environmental conditions and multiple dredgings appear to have altered some parts of the geochemical record, the pollution levels of lead quite accurately reflect the state of the economic health of Rome and Ephesus, which evolved the most during periods of prosperity and disorder. Pb isotope data, converted into geological parameters (Tmod, μ and к), further allowed deducing the provenance of the geological sources of lead ores at the origin of the pollution. Based on these results, it appears that lead ore supplies during the Roman period were of local origins, reflecting how Rome and Ephesus dominated the surrounding economic areas with which they were in contact. However, while the beginning of the Middle Ages is accompanied by a decline of Rome, Ephesus regains its past prosperity with the importation of Hercynian lead from western Europe. It was produced massively as a result of the medieval economic revolution that Europe experienced from the 10th century onward
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Wallis, William Philip. "Ancient portraits of poets : communities, canons, receptions." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11937/.
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This thesis examines the ancient sculptural portraits of poets in relation to the literary reception of their works by investigating a range of contexts for, and interactions with, these objects. Contemporary scholarship has found it productive to examine biographical material relating to ancient poets as evidence for early reception. This thesis explores how the ancient portraits of poets take part in the constructions of these authors, and how they are integrated into the reception of ancient poetry. Recent scholarship has cast doubts over the methodologies conventionally used to relate portraits to the biographical reception of their subjects: there are strong arguments that an individualistic character-based approach to these objects can mislead us about how they were perceived in their various ancient contexts. This thesis takes a different approach by considering the archaeological contexts and literary interactions in which we find these objects, from fourth-century BC Athens to sixteenth-century AD Ferrara. I show how, through these contexts and interactions, the sculptural portraits of poets can engage in keys ways with the literary reception of their subjects: Hellenistic communities use portraits to strengthen their connections to prestigious poets; Roman aristocrats use portraits of poets to signal engagement with Greek culture and therefore elite status; poets are positioned within literary histories and canons through programmatic assemblages; later poets focus on portraits in order to explore their relationships to their predecessors; finally, early modern writers present these portraits as offering an engagement with an absent poet that complements reading the poet’s works. These, then, are the three main concerns of this thesis: communities, canons, and receptions. The case studies examined in this thesis show that the portraits of poets have been engaged in literary reception from antiquity to the present, and that they have raised persistent questions about presence and absence in literary encounters.
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Bony, Guénaëlle. "Contraintes et potentialités naturelles de quelques sites portuaires antiques de Méditerranée et de mer Noire (Fréjus, Ampurias, Kition, Istanbul, Orgamé)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3039.
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Il y a 7000 ans BP, la stabilisation du niveau marin a entraîné la formation de deltas. Ces zones deltaïques abritent des milieux aux degrés de protection différents favorables à une activité maritime. Cependant, ces espaces sont soumis à des contraintes naturelles : à l'échelle de la longue durée, l'alluvionnement des deltas entraîne la mobilité des littoraux et le colmatage des milieux portuaires ; à l'échelle de l'événement, les tempêtes, les tsunamis et la mobilité crustale entraînent la destruction, la submersion ou le soulèvement des zones portuaires. Ce travail porte sur l'étude des contraintes et des potentialités environnementales de cinq ports antiques répartis dans le monde Méditerranéen en marge de deltas. L'objectif est d'estimer le poids de ces contraintes sur les sociétés via une approche statistique. Pour quatre des sites d'études, l'alluvionnement est le forçage majeur. A Kition et Orgame, l'impact de l'alluvionnement est indirect. La fermeture des baies marines par l'édification de cordons littoraux crée des environnements lagunaires propices à l'installation de zones portuaires. En revanche, Fréjus et Ampurias sont soumis à un alluvionnement direct qui a rapidement colmaté les bassins. A partir de l'époque romaine et avec l'invention de la pouzzolane, des zones portuaires sont installées en milieu littoral ouvert, comme à Istanbul. Dans un contexte tectoniquement actif, les tsunamis constituent la contrainte majeure opérant sur le port byzantin de Théodose à Istanbul. Un dépôt grossier et chaotique, contenant du matériel marin et archéologique remanié, compose une partie de la séquence stratigraphique de colmatage du bassin et témoigne de ce forçageThe stabilization of sea level at 7000 years ago led to the formation of deltaic areas. These areas constituted sheltered environments particularly conducive to maritime activity. However, these areas were also subject to natural constraints for human occupation: at long timescales, high sediment supply to deltaic areas led to significative coastal changes and the infilling of harbour areas; at shorter timescales, high-energy events and crustal mobility led to the destruction, submersion and/or uplift of harbour areas. This work focuses on the study of environmental constraints and potentialities governing five ancient harbours, located on deltaic margins in the Mediterranean. The study aims to semi-qualitatively measure of the weight of these constraints on harbour cities, using statistical approach. High sediment supply is the major natural forcing. At Orgame and Kition, the closure of marine bays by coastal barriers led to the formation of lagoon environments conducive to the installation of harbour areas. Frejus and Ampurias were subject to direct siltation which quickly infilled the harbour basin. The invention of the pozzolan in Roman times means that harbours could be constructed in coastal areas open to the sea and away from river mouths, such as Istanbul harbour. In a tectonically active context, tsunamis are the major constraint acting in the Byzantine harbour of Theodosius in Istanbul. There, the stratigraphic sequence contains a coarse and chaotic deposit composed of reworked marine and archaeological material which demonstrates the societal impacts of such a natural and destructive forcing agent
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Kotarba-Morley, Anna Maria. "The Port of Berenike Troglodytica on the Red Sea : a landscape-based approach to the study of its harbour and its role in Indo-Mediterranean trade." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dc80167b-8b1e-499d-9b7c-038e10b2e782.
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The port site of Berenike Troglodytica - located on the Egyptian Red Sea coast - served the spice and incense routes that linked the Mediterranean World (specifically the Roman Empire) to India, Southern Arabia and East Africa. In the Greco-Roman period the site was at the cutting edge of what was then the embryonic global economy, ideally situated as a key node connecting Indian Ocean and Mediterranean trade for almost 800 years. It is now located in an arid, marginal, hostile environment but the situation must have been very different 2300 years ago, at the time of its founding. At the time of elephant-hunting trips during the Hellenistic period before the inception of its important role in the global markets of the day in the Roman period Berenike would have to have looked much different to what we can now imagine. What was it like then, when the first prospectors visited this location at the time of Ptolemy II? Why this particular place, and this particular landscape setting seemed such a propitious location for the siting of an important new harbour? Given the importance of the port over almost a millennium it is perhaps surprising that very little is known about the different factors impacting on the foundation, evolution, heyday and subsequent decline of the city; or the size, shape, and capacity of its harbour. The intention of this research is to address this shortfall in our knowledge, to examine the drivers behind the rise and fall of this port city, and to explore the extent to which the dynamics of the physical landscape were integral to this story. Using an innovative Earth Science approach, changes in the archaeological 'coastscape' have been reconstructed and correlated with periods of occupation and abandonment of the port, shedding light on the nature, degree and directionality of human-environment interactions at the site. This work has revealed profound changes in the configuration of the coastal landscape and environment (including the sea level) during the lifespan of Berenike, highlighting the ability of people to exploit changes in their immediate environment, and demonstrating that, ultimately, the decline of the port was partly due to these landscape dynamics. To further explore these themes the landscape reconstructions have been supplemented by semi-quantitative analyses of a suite of variables likely to influence the initial siting of new ports of trade. These have shown that although the site of Berenike was ideal in terms of its coastal landscape potential, possessing a natural sheltered bay and lagoon system, the choice of location was not solely influenced by its environmental conditions. Additionally, a detailed review of vessels that plied Red Sea and Indian Ocean routes is presented here in order to better understand the design and functioning of Berenike's harbour. This serves the purpose of identifying unifying features that provide more detail about the size and draught of vessels and the potential capacity of the harbour basin. By using this multi-scalar approach it has been possible to reconstruct the 'coastscape' of the site through the key periods of its occupancy and those phases immediately before and after its operation. This has wide-ranging implications for researchers studying ancient ports along this trade network as a larger database will tease out more details about how influential the landscape was in the initial siting of the port and its subsequent use and decline.
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Perrier, Amandine. "Le commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3024.
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Dans le cadre de cette thèse en archéologie grecque, j’ai entrepris de travailler sur l’organisation du commerce maritime grec en Méditerranée orientale et en mer Noire aux Vème et IVème s. av. J.-C., et principalement sur la nature et l'intensité des échanges qui s'opéraient dans cette partie de la Méditerranée à l'époque. Pour mener à bien mon travail, j'ai constitué un nouveau catalogue des épaves grecques que j'ai ensuite confronté aux sources textuelles, épigraphiques, et archéologiques existantes. L'étude attentive des cargaisons des bateaux à laquelle je me livre participe à une meilleure compréhension des acteurs commerciaux de l'époque, des réseaux d'échanges et surtout du véritable rôle joué par AthènesIn this present thesis concerning Greek Archaeology, I undertook to work on the organization of Greek maritime commerce in Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea during the 5th and 4th century BC. I worked mostly on the trade's nature and intensity occurring in this part of the Mediteranean in this time. In order to carry out my work properly, I established a new catalog of greek shipwrecks, that I then confront with textual, epigraphic and archaeological sources. The careful study of the ship's cargo takes part in a better understanding of the commercial actors, trading network and above all of the importance of Athens at this time
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Wenzel, Aaron Walter. "Pots of Honey and Dead Philosophers: The Ideal of Athens in the Roman Empire." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243876996.
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Einar, Lidén. "Chemical Analysis of the Contents of Ancient Kohl Pots from the Nubian Kingdom." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443282.
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Clark, Dylan J. "The Residential Spaces, Social Organization and Dynamics of Isla Cerritos, an Ancient Maya Port Community." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26718709.
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In this study I explore the social archaeology of a Maya coastal port community through household archaeology at the site of Isla Cerritos, a small center for maritime trade on the north coast of Yucatán, Mexico from c.300 BCE to 1250 CE. Known as the principal port for the regional polity of Chichén Itzá during the Terminal Classic Period (800-1100 CE), the island is located at the crossroads of a rich marine resource zone, a major salt production area, and the confluence of sea and overland trade routes that served greater Mesoamerica. While the economic importance of trading enclaves such as Isla Cerritos is often recognized, the domestic contexts of these kinds of settlements remain understudied, so we know less about who actually lived in these communities, how they were organized socially, and how the maritime branch of Maya culture related to and contributed to Mesoamerican civilization.
This goal of this thesis is to combine the recent archaeological excavation of three residential structures and a shared patio space at Isla Cerritos with multiple lines of evidence from both macro-level and micro-level scales of analysis to examine the material expressions of collective identity and social organization at the port during a particularly dynamic historical period in the history of the region from the late 9th through 11th centuries CE (Late to Terminal Classic transition). The results of this analysis provide new insights into the occupational history of the site, the domestic settlement pattern and activities of the port community, labor and resource investment in port construction and maintenance, the sociocultural and political relationship between the coast and the regional center of Chichén Itzá, and the complexity of collective identity and social inequalities even among the Maya “non-elite.” Through this study I also argue that port residents took advantage of the liminality and fluid movement of life along the “edge” of the Maya world for increased social mobility in ways inaccessible to people in inland regions. This motivated coastal communities to actively forge and alter social and political alliances and networks with interior centers, like Chichén Itzá, over the course of the Classic period, obviating the need for urban polities to rapidly colonize the coast.Anthropology
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Makin, Douglas. "Zone-Decorated Pots at the Hatch Site (44Pg51): a Late Woodland Manifestation of an Ancient Tradition." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154002.
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Excavated in the 1970s and 80s by Lefty Gregory, the Hatch site is arguably among the most significant precolonial archaeology sites in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Though the collection sat in storage for decades, it recently became accessible to researchers. The thorough excavation combined with abundant radiocarbon data allow the historical narrative of this magnificent site to come into focus. an unusual place, hidden in a remote location, the Hatch site witnessed at least 600 years of regularly occurring ritualized gatherings. These gatherings involved the sacrifice and internment of dogs as well as elaborate feasts on both estuarine and terrestrial resources. This study focuses on the ornate zone-decorated pottery found at the Hatch site. This unusual ceramic type originated in the Delaware River Valley during the second half of the Middle Woodland period. It appeared at the Hatch site during the Late Woodland period when Native people used it in the largest and most elaborate of these feasting rituals. This thesis presents the precolonial history of the Hatch site and discusses the place of zone-decorated pots within this narrative.
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Pareja, Marie Nicole. "Minoan Tripod Cooking Pots: Morphological Change and Function." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214822.
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Art HistoryM.A.
Tripods constituted a specific group of pottery within the Bronze Age Aegean tradition. The shape was typically associated with ritual and cooking activities. This study presents an examination of Minoan tripod cooking pots from Crete. By tracing the morphological changes that occur from one period to the next, this research seeks to discuss the relationship between the form and function of these vessels. It is hoped that the following analysis may also shed light on the origin and practicality of tripod cooking pots.
Temple University--Theses
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Hourcade, Renaud. "La mémoire de l'esclavage dans les anciens ports négriers européens : une sociologie des politiques mémorielles à Nantes, Bordeaux et Liverpool." Rennes 1, 2012. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D144.
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Cette thèse propose une analyse comparée des politiques relatives à la mémoire historique de l'esclavage à Nantes, Bordeaux et Liverpool, trois anciens ports négriers. Nous explorons l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'intervention politique des villes dans le champ de la mémoire historique participe de l'exercice d'un pouvoir symbolique d'accréditation de identités légitimes. Une première logique d'action publique oriente ces politiques de mémoire vers la construction d'une "image sociale" : la gestion du "stigmate" négrier. Une seconde logique d'intervention dans le champ de la mémoire historique relève de la production des imaginaires d'appartenance : la politique de la reconnaissance. Cette thèse étudie d'abord comparativement les "mobilisations mémorielles" en interprétant les cadres de construction du "problème public" mémoriel à la lumière de l'expérience des discriminations raciales et de l'existence, dans certains groupes, d'une mémoire collective de l'esclavage. L'analyse rapporte également le développement de mobilisations et de politiques publiques mémorielles locales à la structure des opportunités offertes par les différents "modèles" de gestion des identité français et britannique. Elle envisage ensuite, pour les trois villes, les jeux d'acteurs qui font de la mémoire une instance de légitimation politique des pouvoirs municipaux, ou au contraire un instrument de déstabilisation. Les interactions qui façonnent les principes légitimes du rappel du passé sont finalement saisies à la hauteur des "instruments" de l'action publique municipale, commémorations, mémoriaux et muséesThis doctoral thesis deals with the memory of slavery in three former European slave trade ports : Nantes (France), Bordeaux (France) and Liverpool (U. -K). It argues that the memory of slavery has been adopted by local political authoroties in these three cities as a means of policing symbolic identities. More particularly, two dimensions of "identity" are at stake. The first one-identity as social image-relates to the problem of managing the "stigma" associated with the slave trade. The second dimension-identity as belonging-relates to the politics of recognition. The first part of the essay offers a comparative analysis of social mobilisations in the field of memory. It analyses various memory movements in light of the experience of racial discrimination and in relation with the predominance of either a historical or a collective memory of slavery among the mobilised groups. Local social mobilisations and public policies of memory are also analysed with respect to the ideological "frames" of identity politics which are prevalent in each country, French "republicanism" and British "multiculturalism". Then, the author turns toward local policies of memory with a view to understanding how the "public problem" of memory is dealt with in each case, which actors are involved and which political outputs are at stake. Finally, the analysis deals with the policy instruments of memory, of which it distinguishes two main types. The first category (memorials, commemorations) includes instruments that seek to foster an emotional response to the slavery past. The second category (museums) are instruments which rely on the symbolic power of narratives and knowledge
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Hellequin, Anne Peggy. "Génèse et dynamique des centres historiques en Méditerranée américaine." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120004.
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La ville doit etre consideree dans son universalite et son exceptionnalite. L'observation de trois centres historiques comme ceux de la havane, de san juan de puerto rico et de la nouvelle- orleans, appartenant a une meme aire geographique en l'occurrence la mediterranee americaine, permet de s'interroger plus precisement sur les parts respectives de l'universalite et de l'exceptionnalite de chacun d'entre eux. La premiere partie de la these s'interroge ainsi sur l'ambivalence de ce territoire. Elle doit d'ailleurs etre comprise a deux niveaux. En effet, il existe une exceptionnalite du centre historique par rapport au reste de la ville, qui constitue un premier degre d'universalite entre les trois villes, et il existe une exceptionnalite des centres historiques entre eux. L'utilisation d'un certain nombre d'eclairages geographiques comme les paysages, la situation des centres historiques dans la ville, la perception qu'en ont les populations, ou la combinaison fonctionnelle qui les caracterise permet d'affirmer leur existence en tant que territoire particulier, mais aussi l'existence d'un certain nombre d'irregularite les differenciant. L'interrogation des conditions de leur genese et de leur dynamique permet d'expliquer ces deux facettes. Des conditions mecaniques comme l'explosion demographique ou l'eclatement de la centralite en differents points du territoire urbain ont permis leur emergence dans les trois villes qui nous interesse. Au contraire, il doit exister des determinants responsables de l'irregularite des centres historiques entre eux, l'hypothese etant que le politique en tant que jeu entre differents acteurs en soit le principal. Cependant, contrairement a celle-ci, l'observation de l'espace politique du centre historique a travers sa prise en compte au fil du xxe siecle montre que malgre des projets a priori differents, la dynamique des centres historiques semble plus marquee par les imperatifs economiquesThe city have to be seen in its unity and its diversity. Three historic centers, old havana, old san juan, and the french quarter in new orleans can show this division. This three historic centers are only in front of the city and they are different each other. History can explain unity and diversity. We have thought that urban growth and evolution of the urban core were causes of unity. Historic preservation from state and private entities were responsible of diversity. Havana, san juan and new orleans were very interesting because very different for their urban policy. The historical study display that even historic preservation was different, evolution of historic centers is comparable. Old havana, old san juan and the french quarter of new orleans have to be seen like a tourist-historic city with variations of size. So, we can conclude that another dimension, perhaps globalization, can explain diversity of three historic centers. Economoic problems in cuba for example stop all programs of historic preservation
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HERNANDEZ, DAVID RAY. "STUDIES IN ROMAN REPUBLICAN TOPOGRAPHY: THE SERVIAN WALL AND THE PORTA TRIUMPHALIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1077839141.
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Frangié, Dina. "Beyrouth hellénistique : du port de l'époque perse à la colonie augustéenne." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010562.
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Cette étude offre une synthèse sur la ville de Bérytos à l'époque hellénistique tout en abordant les périodes de l'histoire perse et augustéenne de la ville. Elle s'appuie sur plusieurs corpus : la céramique en provenance de Bey-144, un corpus de monnaie du même site, une sélection de textes antiques et les inscriptions relatives aux Bérytiens. A cela s'ajoute une synthèse sur l'urbanisme de la ville réalisée à partir des rapports publiés de la grande fouille du centre-ville. Ces données ont permis d' analyser l'histoire de Bérytos, et de comprendre son rôle et sa place à une échelle régionale mais aussi internationale. L'étendue du corpus étudié nous a permis de saisir et d'analyser le rôle des Bérytiens dans les stratégies méditerranéennes, et les répercussions de leurs activités sur la cité-métropole.
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Hyppönen, P. P. (Panu-Pekka). "Salaria via usque ad lapidem XVIII:a reconstruction of the ancient road line between Porta Collina and the 18th milestone of the road." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201404241310.
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The main purpose of this thesis is to reconstruct the alignment of the ancient Via Salaria on the first 18 miles between the road’s starting point, Porta Collina in Rome, and the 18th milestone, which have both been found in situ. The main material for the research are the archaeological data related to the road context and the satellite images, in which the ancient road line is discernible from the surrounding terrain. At the same time this thesis is a methodological experiment as well as a proof of how usable the easily accessible satellite images in the platform of Google Earth are when studying ancient roads. On the first miles of the road the archaeological data is abundant, but it becomes scantier, when leaving the urban area of Rome. In the countryside the satellite images make an invaluable source of information for the research. By combining the data provided by archaeology and satellite images the ancient road line can be reconstructed with remarkable accuracy. This is demonstrated by the congruence of the finding place of the 18th milestone with the estimated position of the aforementioned stone on the road line proposed by this thesis. The congruence also gives support for the standard measure of c. 1478.5 m for the Roman mileTutkielman keskeisimpänä tarkoituksena on rekonstruoida Roomasta koilliseen Adrianmeren rannikolle kulkeneen muinaisen Via Salarian keisariaikainen tielinja tien 18 ensimmäisen roomalaisen mailin osalta. Lähtöpisteenä toimii Porta Collina, tien lähtöpiste Roomassa, ja päätepisteenä keisari Nervan ajalta peräisin oleva tien 18. mailipylväs, jotka molemmat on löydetty alkuperäisiltä sijaintipaikoiltaan. Pääasiallisena tutkimusmateriaalina ovat tiekontekstista kertova arkeologinen todistusaineisto sekä satelliittikuvat, joissa muinainen tielinja on nähtävissä muusta ympäristöstä erottuvana. Samalla tutkielma toimii metodologisena kokeena ja osoituksena siitä, kuinka nykyisin Google Earth -ohjelman kautta jokamiehen saatavilla olevasta satelliittikuvakokoelmasta on huomattavaa apua arkeologialle ja muinaisten tielinjojen tutkimiselle. Tiestä todistavaa arkeologista aineistoa on Rooman kaupunkialueelta löydetty runsaasti, mutta kauemmas maaseudulle mentäessä arkeologisen materiaalin määrä pienenee, kun taas satelliittikuvien tarjoama todistusaineisto nousee merkittävään asemaan. Näiden yhdessä tarjoaman tiedon avulla tielinja on rekonstruoitavissa hämmästyttävän tarkasti. Tästä osoituksena on tielinjarekonstruktion avulla lasketun 18. mailipylvään sijaintipaikan yhteneväisyys kyseisen mailipylvään löytöpaikan kanssa. Tämä puolestaan antaa tukea sille, että roomalaisen mailin mitta Via Salarialla on lähellä standardiksi katsottavaa 1478,5 metrin lukemaa
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Cabaret, Dominique-Marie. "L'urbanisme du nord de Jérusalem : du 2è s. av. au 2è s. ap. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H009.
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La «loi de persistance du plan», appliquée autrefois par J. Sauvaget à Damas, se montre féconde pour Jérusalem. Selon ce principe, l’analyse des quartiers septentrionaux de la ville délimités par le «deuxième mur», respectivement intra-muros et extra-muros à l’ouest et à l’est, en manifeste le réseau viaire originel et son évolution. Les récents progrès réalisés à propos de l’arpentage antique, confrontés à la reconsidération de l’arc de l’Ecce Homo, fonction et chronologie – une porte urbaine hérodienne plutôt qu’un arc de triomphe d’Hadrien –, mettent en évidence un urbanisme soigné conçu par Jean Hyrcan autour d’une patte d’oie centrée sur la porte septentrionale de la ville (l’actuelle porte de Damas). Hérode le Grand, dont les grands travaux ont tendance à occulter ce qui précède, dut composer avec l’urbanisme bien-pensé de Hyrcan, développant un nouveau quartier orthonormé au nord du temple, auquel l’arc de l’Ecce Homo donnait accès. Hadrien ne fit qu’embellir selon la mode de son époque, y ajoutant les organes vitaux d’une colonie romaine. Le grand forum d’Ælia fut dominé par le temple capitolin ad orientem. L’ancienne esplanade du temple juif fut transformée en aedes dédié au culte impérial : une statue équestre de l’empereur y trônait près du lieu le plus sacré du temple juif. L’histoire mouvementée de la ville ne parvint jamais à occulter le réseau viaire hasmonéen, encore utilisé de nos jours par les hiérosolymitains aux abords de la porte de DamasThe "law of persistence of the plan", formerly applied by J. Sauvaget in Damascus, is proving fruitful for Jerusalem. The analysis, according to this principle, of the northern districts of the city delimited by the "Second Wall", respectively intramural and extramural to the west and east, shows the original urban network and its evolution. Advances in the science of ancient surveying, coupled with the reconsideration of the function and dating of the Ecce Homo arch – a Herodian urban gate rather than a triumphal arch of Ælia Capitolina – highlight a careful urbanism designed by John Hyrcanos around a three ways junction centred on the northern gate of the city (the current Damascus gate). Herod the Great himself, whose major works tend to obscure the above, had to deal with the well-thought-out urban planning of the high priest, developing a new orthonormal district north of the Temple. Hadrian only embellished the whole according to the fashion of his time, adding the vital organs of a Roman colony. The great forum of Ælia was dominated by the Capitolin Temple ad orientem and the former esplanade of the Jewish Temple was transformed into an aedes dedicated to imperial cult: an equestrian statue of the emperor was enthroned near the most sacred place of the Jewish Temple. The city's eventful history never succeeded in obscuring the Hasmonaean road network, which is still used today by hierosolymitans around the Damascus Gate
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Schoevaert, Julien. "Les boutiques d'Ostie du 1er siècle av. J-C au 5e siècle apr. J-C : l'économie urbaine au quotidien." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070044.
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Cette étude porte sur les boutiques d'Ostie du Ier s. Av. J. -C. Au Ve s. Ap. J. -C. Nos recherches ont permis de réfléchir sur le rôle joué par les boutiques dans les mutations urbaines, sociales et économiques d'Ostie durant cette période. Les sources archéologiques et d'archives apportent de nombreuses informations sur les boutiques. Dans leur grande majorité, celles-ci ont été édifiées au cours du IIe s. Ap. J. -C. , suite à la construction du bassin de Trajan. Cet essor est intimement lié à celui des immeubles collectifs. Inversement, leur déclin s'amorce à partir du milieu du IIIe siècle en s'intensifiant au cours du siècle suivant. Tantôt concurrentes, complémentaires, voire dépendantes des marchés, ateliers ou des entrepôts, les boutiques s'inscrivent selon des modalités variées dans les réseaux de production et de distribution. Une nette évolution se dessine à partir du milieu du IIIe siècle : tandis que les boutiques - propres au fonctionnement quotidien de la ville - subsistent, les structures liées au port déclinent sans pour autant totalement disparaître. Enfin, les boutiques ont joué un rôle actif dans la composition et les évolutions du territoire urbain. Il apparaît qu'un véritable lien structurel unit les boutiques aux portiques de façade, mais elles sont impliquées dans de nombreux empiétements sur la voirie à partir du milieu du IIIe siècleThis study deals with the shops of Ostia from the 1st c. B. C. To the 5th c. A. D. Our researches led us to have a reflexion about the part played by shops in the urban, social and economical transformation of Ostia during this period. Archaeological survey and archives bring us a lot of information on shops. They have been mainly built during the 2nd c. A. D. , after the building of the Trajan basin of Portus. This development is linked with the lot of insulae that have been built during this time. Shops decline begins during the middle of the 3rd c. A. D. Shops may be linked with other economical structures such as storehouses, markets, workshops. From the beginning of the 3rd c. A. D. , shops grew in importance while harbour activities were declining. At last, shops have played an important part in the shaping and the evolution of urban territories
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Volokhine, Youri [Herausgeber]. "Barbe et barbus : Symboliques, rites et pratiques du port de la barbe dans le Proche-Orient ancien et moderne." Bern : Peter Lang AG, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187619329/34.
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Cabrera-Tejedor, Carlos. "From Hispalis to Ishbiliyya : the ancient port of Seville, from the Roman Empire to the end of the Islamic period (45 BC - AD 1248)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c0e09727-74a7-4a0d-8bf0-afdddfdc649b.
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This Thesis focuses on the history and development of the topography, layout, and facilities of the ancient port of Seville, which is located in the lower Guadalquivir River Basin. From a maritime archaeology perspective, it combines terrestrial and maritime archaeological evidence, literary and epigraphic material, as well as palaeo-geomorphological and palaeo-environmental studies. This Thesis is a longue durée or diachronic study ranging between the 1st century BC and the 13th century AD. The Thesis is divided into three main historical periods, and in addition to the port itself, studies the palaeo-geomorphology and palaeo-hydrology of the Guadalquivir River, as well as of the palaeo-climatology of the region during each of these eras. The first third of the Thesis examines the port of Hispalis during the Roman era. By considering the natural hydrography of the river and the meander of Hispalis, the Thesis proposes a model for the distribution of harbour facilities and their development through the Roman period. Building on this, it becomes possible to assess the extent and scale of these, as well as of the maritime commerce that the Roman port sustained. The second third of the Thesis focuses on the Late Antique period. Despite the lack of direct archaeological evidence for the port in this era, the Thesis suggests that there was a decline but continuity in the commercial activities in direct connection with the Mediterranean maritime networks. This section also examines the historical events that occurred in Hispalis from the maritime archaeology perspective, arguing that the port was at the core of all these historical episodes because of its geopolitical and strategic importance. The last third of the Thesis concentrates on the study of the port during the Islamic period. By understanding the extreme changes that occurred in the hydrography and geomorphology of the river in this epoch, the Thesis deciphers the process that led to the progressive siltation of the ancient channel of the river. The study of the archaeological material from the 1981 Plaza Nueva excavation, in combination with other proxies, allows a chronology to be proposed for the demise and subsequent disappearance of the ancient port. The transformation of the meander of the river resulted in the relocation and construction of a new port, which had a prominent role in the maritime history of the world during the centuries that followed.
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van, der Wilt Elsbeth M. "The place of lead in an Egyptian port city in the Late Period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:def43443-8bd8-44d9-93e3-b1b4980d4a89.
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This thesis analyses a range of lead objects discovered in Thonis-Heracleion, an Egyptian port city, and offers a new perspective on the use of metals in antiquity. It advances two central arguments: firstly, that the large quantity of lead artefacts in Thonis-Heracleion is not exceptional but rather a more accurate reflection of the metallisation of ancient societies and secondly, that the corpus of lead objects sheds light on aspects of ancient communities that normally remain invisible due to the ease of recycling and low cost of lead. The first chapter reviews the presence of lead in the archaeological record in Egypt, the factors affecting its deposition and preservation, and the corpus as a whole from Thonis-Heracleion. A comparison between the two puts the lead from the site in a new Egyptian perspective. The second, third, and fourth chapters offer substantial analyses of lead ingots, weights, and containers found at Thonis-Heracleion with parallels from around the Mediterranean. The chapters show the potential of this corpus to shed light on activities in the Egyptian town despite the notable lack of direct parallels. It becomes clear for example that large lead objects appear earlier in the archaeological record and that the range of objects is wider than previously suspected. The analysis in these chapters offers a robust dating framework for lead objects previously unavailable. Together the lead artefacts illustrate local mercantile activities, the economic role of the port city, and, through the identification of the first Athenian weights found in Egypt, trade connections between Egypt, Athens, and the rest of the Eastern Mediterranean. The result is an overview of lead in Egypt and its place in Thonis- Heracleion, demonstrating the significance of metals for understanding ancient societies.
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Danielo, Julien. "Les ports d'Auray et de Vannes aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : ville, architecture et identité portuaire sous l'Ancient Régime." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354721.
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Une des images les plus marquantes de la Bretagne est celle de ses ports et de leur vocation maritime. Sous l'Ancien Régime, la société portuaire, telle qu'elle peut se concevoir à Nantes, St Malo ou Lorient, s'est caractérisée par des professions relatives au commerce maritime et à la construction navale. Elle s'est aussi spécifiée par un goût prononcé pour le voyage, la mer et l'exotisme, et enfin par une ouverture à l'esprit du siècle des Lumières. Du point de vue de l'aménagement urbain, les ports se sont attelés à maîtriser l'espace en gagnant du terrain sur la mer et en la domestiquant par la construction de quais, de ponts et d'écluses. L'embellissement a donné à ces quartiers un caractère urbain, surtout grâce à l'initiative politique du groupe négociant souvent appuyé par le pouvoir royal. La ville s'est appropriée l'espace maritime en y implantant des résidences destinées à loger cette société portuaire dont le groupe négociant est l'élite à part entière. Les intérieurs vont révéler l'état d'ouverture et l'originalité de cette société. Vannes et Auray ne sont pas des villes portuaires mais elles possèdent des quartiers qui le sont pleinement. Les caractéristiques morbihannaises seront différentes sur certains points de celles de leurs modèles nantais, malouin ou lorientais. Instabilité politique, économie défavorable basée sur le commerce des grains, société dominée par le groupe marchand mais pénalisée par sa culture et son éducation, forment un tout qui ont forgé un espace et un bâti aux caractéristiques propres aux anciennes petites villes bretonnes de fond d'estuaire. Ces deux villes essaient aujourd'hui de revaloriser l'identité portuaire de leur quartier
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Rice, Candace Michele. "Port economies and maritime trade in the Roman Mediterranean, 166 BC to AD 300." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:28fd607b-153c-4567-9302-511df590f6e6.
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This thesis focuses on the economies of Roman ports and their role in the facilitation and organization of maritime trade, combining both terrestrial and maritime archaeological evidence as well as literary and epigraphic material. The first half of the thesis examines Mediterranean ports from a panoptic level in order to address questions of systems of trade, connectivity and economic development. In doing so, I focus on three particular areas of material culture: ceramics, shipwreck cargoes (typically composed of amphorae, metal ingots or stone) and epigraphy. The second half of the thesis focuses on two case studies, southern Turkey and southern France. For each region, I explore the economic factors which led to the development of each region and the ways in which ports enabled this development. I consider the impact of landscape, the usage of natural resources and the extent of production for both local consumption and export. Importantly, I examine the regional connections of the two regions and their interactions within the wider Mediterranean. I develop a model for the development of ports along each coastline and their degree of integration into the trading network of the Roman Mediterranean. Building on this, it becomes possible to assess the extent and scale of extra-regional interaction and market integration. From the evidence presented in this thesis, I argue that ports were at the core of the Roman market economy and that the development of a port network allowed for the integration and interdependence of Mediterranean markets. This allowed for regional economic growth through the specialization in the production of goods for which a region had a comparative advantage.
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Iturbe-Kennedy, Agueda. "Entrer dans la ville. Aux confins des paysages urbain et périurbain dans le royaume de France (1670-1789)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040226.
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Au cours des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, la pacification de l'intérieur du territoire français et la stabilisation des frontières ont amené les élites intellectuelles et les administrateurs locaux et royaux à questionner le besoin d'enceintes urbaines à l'intérieur du royaume. La ville de Paris arrase ses remparts dans les années 1670, initiant par là une mutation du paysage urbain qui s'étendra aux territoires français métropolitains et coloniaux. Par l'ouverture des villes, les architectes et ingénieurs se voient confrontés à un nouveau problème architectural et urbain : la nécessité pratique d'une porte qui marque le seuil de la ville s'estompe, tandis que l'attachement citoyen à la charge symbolique des portes de ville persiste. Or, au Siècle des Lumières, la redéfinition de l'usage et de la forme de la porte de ville sont contemporains de l'émergence de nouveaux édifices publics, qui amorcent la réflexion sur le caractère des ouvrages d'architecture. Au sein de cette nouvelle théorie des caractères, la porte de ville devra trouver et affirmer sa place. Il en va de même à l'égard de l'intérêt croissant porté à la notion d'entrée de ville, qui signale une sensibilité nouvelle envers le paysage urbain et territorial et la mobilité qui accompagne la réfection des axes de circulation terrestre et maritime du royaume de FranceThroughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the pacification of French interior territories and the stabilization of their frontiers brought the intellectual elite and the local and royal administrations to question the necessity of city walls within the kingdom. The city of Paris razed its ramparts in the 1670's, initiating mutations in the urban landscape that will spread throughout the French territories. By opening their cities, architects and engineers will thus be confronted to a new architectural and urban problem: there is no longer a functional need for a city gate to limit the access, but the symbolic load of city gates as landmarks to which citizen are deeply attached remains
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Heinzelmann, Michael Martin Archer Coletti Caterina. "Die Nekropolen von Ostia : Untersuchungen zu den Gräberstraßen vor der Porta Romana und an der Via Laurentina /." München : F. Pfeil, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38899561g.
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Silva, Maria Cristina Sant'Anna da. "Comportamentos promotores de saúde e qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas participantes de um centro de lazer em Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28730.
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Esta é uma investigação descritiva que utilizou a integração dos métodos quantitativos e qualitativos, cuja análise foi realizada sob a perspectiva da qualidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e da teoria da auto-eficácia de Bandura. Foi desenvolvida junto a 125 idosos participantes de um centro de lazer em Porto Alegre (Brasil), no qual realizam atividades físicas e sociais, com o objetivo de compreender a construção dos comportamentos promotores de saúde dessas pessoas. Na primeira etapa, foi aplicado um formulário contendo questões demográficas, socioeconômicas e de autopercepção da saúde e o questionário de avaliação de qualidade de vida – WHOQOL-bref. Para analisar esses dados, foram utilizadas a estatística descritiva e a analítica. A idade média foi 69,4 anos (DP ± 6,4), predominando o sexo feminino (90,4%), a escolaridade de ensino médio (37,6%) e as atividades no lar (79,2%). Metade recebia até cinco salários mínimos mensais, 64,8% morava acompanhado, 52% realizava atividade física e social há 5 anos ou mais, 96% consultou com profissional da área da saúde no ano anterior, 80% referiu autopercepção positiva da saúde atual. As médias dos domínios do WHOQOL-bref foram: físico 72,37 (± 14,25), psicológico 73,50 (± 10,48), relações sociais 79,40 (± 12,98), meio ambiente 74,85 (± 11,62) e global 78,30 (± 13,85), havendo correlação positiva, estatisticamente significativa, entre os quatro domínios com o domínio global. Na análise de regressão linear múltipla, o domínio físico foi o maior preditor de qualidade de vida (β = 0,39), seguido pelos domínios meio ambiente (β = 0,19) e relações sociais (β = 0,17). Na análise de variância (ANOVA), a variável autopercepção atual da saúde apresentou significância estatística com quatro domínios do WHOQOL-bref. Para conhecer as atividades promotoras de saúde e identificar os fatores que influenciaram esses indivíduos idosos a adotar e manter comportamentos que consideram saudáveis, foram entrevistados 11 que alcançaram escores com um desvio-padrão igual ou acima da média do grupo (≥ 85,18). Na análise das entrevistas, surgiram três categorias: comportamentos promotores de saúde (prática de atividade física, cuidados com a nutrição e convivência familiar/social), adoção dos comportamentos promotores de saúde (influências na infância/juventude e na maturidade) e manutenção dos comportamentos promotores de saúde (atitudes e atributos pessoais positivos, expectativa de viver melhor e mais tempo). A investigação evidenciou que esses indivíduos mantêm comportamentos promotores de saúde similares aos recomendados pelos profissionais e pelas organizações de saúde. Além disso, supõe-se que a adoção e a manutenção de tais comportamentos foram determinadas pelo senso positivo de auto-eficácia desses indivíduos e porque eles desenvolveram estratégias para facilitar a manutenção.This is a descriptive investigation that has used the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, in which the analysis was done based on World Health Organization´s (WHO) quality of life perspective and Bandura´s self-efficacy theory. It was developed with 125 older adults who participate in a leisure center in Porto Alegre (Brazil), where they perform physical and social activities, attempting to understand the construction of their promoting health behaviors. In the first stage, it was applied a form with demographic, socioeconomic and health self-perception questions as well as the evaluation of quality of life questionnaire – WHOQOL-bref. To data analysis, it was used the descriptive and analitical statistics. The group mean age was 69,4 years old (SD ± 6,4), with majority of female (90,4%), high schooling (37,6%) and household chores (79,2%). Half of them received an income of up to five monthly minimum wages, 64,8% lived with someone, 52% used to do physical and social activities for 5 years or longer, 96% met a health professional during the last yea and 80% expressed current positive health selfperception. The means of WHOQOL-bref domains were: physical 72,37 (± 14,25), psychological 73,50 (± 10,48), social relations 79,40 (± 12,98), environment 74,85 (± 11,62) and overall 78,30 (± 13,85), showing positive correlation, statisticly significative, between the four domains with the overall domain. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the physical domain was the main predictor of quality of life (β = 0,39), followed by environment domain (β = 0,19) and social relations (β = 0,17). In the variance analysis (ANOVA), the current health self-perception variable showed statistic significance with four WHOQOL-bref´s domains. In order to know the promoting health activities and identify the factors that influenced older adults to adopt and maintain behaviors that they consider healthy, 11 older adults who got scores with one standard deviation equal or over the group mean (≥ 85,18) were interviewed. From the interviews´ analysis, emerged three categories: promoting health behaviors (practice of physical activity, attention to nutrition and family/social acquaintanceship), adoption of promoting health behaviors (influences on childwood/youth and maturity) and maintenance of promoting health behaviors (positive personal attitudes and attributes, expectation to live better and longer). The investigation evidenced that these individuals sustain promoting health behaviors alike the recommended ones by health professionals and organizations. It is believed that the adoption and the maintenance of those behaviors were determined by their positive sense of self-efficacy and by developing strategies to make easier the maintenance.
Este es una investigación descriptiva que utilizó la integración de los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, cuyo análisis fue realizada bajo la perspectiva de calidad de vida de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y de la teoría de la autoeficacia de Bandura. La investigación fue desarrollada junto con 125 adultos mayores participantes de un centro de ocio en la ciudad de Porto Alegre (Brasil), en el cual practican actividades físicas y sociales, con la finalidad de comprender la formación de sus conductas promotoras de salud. En la primera parte, fueron aplicados un formulario con preguntas demográficas, socioeconómicas y de autopercepción de la salud y el cuestionario de evaluación de la calidad de vida: WHOQOLbref. Las estadísticas descriptiva y analítica fueron utilizadas para el análisis de los datos. El promedio de edad fue de 69,4 años (DS ± 6,4), con predominio del sexo femenino (90,4%), con enseñanza secundaria (37,6%) y con actividades domésticas (79,2%). La mitad recibía hasta cinco salarios mínimos al mes, el 64,8% vivía acompañado, el 52% realizaba actividades físicas y sociales había 5 años o más, el 96% había tenido una cita con un profesional de salud el año anterio y el ochenta por ciento refirió una autopercepción positiva de su salud actual. Los promedios de los dominios del WHOQOL-bref fueron: físico 72,37 (± 14,25), psicológico 73,50 (± 10,48), relaciones sociales 79,40 (± 12,98), medio ambiente 74,85 (± 11,62) y global 78,30 (± 13,85). Hubo correlación positiva, estadísticamente significativa, entre los cuatro dominios y el dominio global, y en el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple el dominio físico fue el principal predictor de calidad de vida (β = 0,39), seguido por los dominios medio ambiente (β = 0,19) y relaciones sociales (β = 0,17). En el análisis de varianza (ANOVA), la variable autopercepción actual de la salud presentó significación estadística con cuatro dominios del WHOQOL-bref. Para conocer las actividades promotoras de salud e identificar los factores que influenciaron esos adultos mayores a adoptar y mantener conductas que consideran sanas, fueron entrevistadas 11 que alcanzaron puntuaciones con desviación estándarigual ou superior al promedio del grupo (≥ 85,18). En el análisis de las entrevistas, surgieron tres categorías: conductas promotoras de salud (práctica de actividades físicas, atención a la nutrición y convivencia familiar/social), adopción de las conductas promotoras de salud (influencias en la infancia/juventud y en la madurez) y mantenimiento de las conductas promotoras de salud (actitudes y atributos personales positivos, expectativa de vivir mejor y por más tiempo). La investigación evidenció que esos individuos mantienen conductas promotoras de salud similares a las recomendadas por profesionales y organizaciones de salud. Además, se supone que la adopción y el mantenimiento de dichas conductas fueran determinados por el sentido positivo de autoeficacia de esos individuos y porque elles desarrollaron estrategias para facilitar el mantenimiento.
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Abramo, Maria Cristina Cavallari. "Estruturas portuárias nas apoikias da Magna Grécia e Sicília entre os séculos VIII a V a.C.: relação entre porto e malha urbana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-27062013-142248/.
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Partindo de considerações acerca da importância do mar, do comércio e das trocas com estrangeiros para o modo de vida grego, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de entender qual era o local ocupado pelos portos e pelas cidades portuárias nessa configuração. Através da localização do porto em sete cidades fundadas durante os movimentos de expansão grega para o ocidente buscamos situar o porto em relação às estruturas urbanas importantes tais como acrópole, ágora, templos e muralhas. Ao estabelecer essas relações queremos entender não só o lugar físico ocupado pelo porto mas também e principalmente, o que a sua localização física pode representar e nos dizer acerca de sua posição na hierarquia social de cada cidade.Considering the importance of the sea, commerce and trading with foreign people for the Greek life style, this research tries to understand the place of harbours and harbour cities in this scenario. Based on the location of the port in seven cities established during the Greek expansionist movements to the west, our aim is to establish the place of the port towards the important urban structures such as the acropolis, agora, sanctuaries and walls. By establishing these relations we try to understand not only the physical location of the port but what this location could represent and tell us about the situation of the port within the social hierarchy of each city.
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Pacheco, Katie. "The Buddhist Coleridge: Creating Space for The Rime of the Ancient Mariner within Buddhist Romantic Studies." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/937.
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The popularization of academic spaces that combine Buddhist philosophy with the literature of the Romantic period – a discipline I refer to as Buddhist Romantic Studies – have exposed the lack of scholarly attention Samuel Taylor Coleridge and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner have received within such studies. Validating Coleridge’s right to exist within Buddhist Romantic spheres, my thesis argues that Coleridge was cognizant of Buddhism through historical and textual encounters. To create a space for The Rime within Buddhist Romantic Studies, my thesis provides an interpretation of the poem that centers on the concept of prajna, or wisdom, as a vital tool for cultivating the mind. Focusing on prajna, I argue that the Mariner’s didactic story traces his cognitive voyage from ignorance to enlightenment. By examining The Rime within the framework of Buddhism, readers will also be able to grasp the importance of cultivating the mind and transcending ignorance.
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Andres, Bárbara. "Participação, saúde e envelhecimento : histórias de participação do Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70779.
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O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial expressado pelo crescimento acelerado da faixa etária acima dos 60 anos. Manter a autonomia e a independência é fundamental para que os idosos envelheçam ativamente. Assim, o exercício da participação política pelos idosos pode atuar como uma forma de promoção da saúde, visto que favorece a sociabilização e o desenvolvimento de habilidades. Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com caráter descritivo e exploratório, teve como objetivo analisar a experiência de participação política de nove idosos participantes do Conselho Municipal de Saúde (CMS) de Porto Alegre e a influência desta no seu processo de envelhecimento e na sua saúde. Utilizou-se de entrevistas temáticas que foram analisadas através da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Os idosos, cinco homens e quatro mulheres, tinham entre 60 e 79 anos na realização das entrevistas, todos aposentados ou pensionistas e representam os usuários no CMS. A maioria dos entrevistados tem nível de escolaridade acima de oito anos, participam do CMS a menos de cinco e moram com familiares. Os idosos apontaram trajetórias de participação distintas que foram construídas participando de outros espaços, além do CMS. As motivações para participar evidenciaram que os idosos buscam, além de lazer e recreação, estratégias para melhor encarar o envelhecimento, a viuvez, o isolamento social, a aposentadoria e, ainda, ajuda para suas famílias e comunidades. O envelhecimento é encarado por muitos como um período de dificuldades, porém, mostrou-se que se manter em atividade proporcionou uma avaliação mais tranquila ou realista do processo de envelhecer e da saúde. A participação política se revelou um fator protetor para a saúde dos idosos, ao garantir o envolvimento com atividades após a aposentadoria e prazer em desenvolver um trabalho para a comunidade, além de estimular o desenvolvimento cognitivo e o estabelecimento de novas relações sociais. Os gestores e profissionais de saúde são atores importantes para a construção de espaços e atividades criativos que promovam a saúde dos idosos e no incentivo à participação de mais idosos nesses espaços.Population aging is a global phenomenon expressed by the accelerated growth of the age group above 60 years. Maintain autonomy and independence is essential for the elderly grow old actively. Therefore, the exercise of political participation by the elderly can act as a form of health promotion, since it favors the socialization and development of skills. This qualitative study, descriptive and exploratory, aimed to analyze the experience of political participation of nine elderly participants of the Municipal Health Council (CMS) of Porto Alegre and its influence on their process of aging and their health. Thematic interviews were used and analyzed using Thematic Content Analysis. The elderly, five men and four women, aged between 60 and 79 years in the interviews, all retirees or pensioners and represent the users in CMS. Most respondents have education level above eight years, participate in the CMS under five and live with relatives. The elderly showed distinct trajectories of participation that were built by participating in other spaces, in addition to CMS. The motivations to participate showed that the elderly look for, besides leisure and recreation, strategies to better face the aging, widowhood, retirement, social isolation and, also, to help their families and communities. Aging is seen by many as a period of difficulties, however, it was showed that keeping active provided a more peaceful or realistic evaluation of the process of aging and health. Political participation proved to be a protective factor for the health of the elderly, to ensure involvement with activities after retirement and delight to develop a work for the community, in addition to stimulate cognitive development and the establishment of new social relations. Managers and health professionals are important actors for building creative spaces and activities that promote the health of older people and in encouraging the participation of older people in these spaces.
El envejecimiento de la población es un fenómeno mundial que se expresa con el crecimiento acelerado de la franja de edad situada por encima de los 60 años. Mantener la autonomía y la independencia es fundamental para que los ancianos envejezcan activamente. Así que, el ejercicio de participación política de los ancianos puede actuar como una forma de promover la salud, al favorecer la socialización y el desarrollo de las habilidades. Este estudio de abordaje cualitativa, con carácter descriptivo y exploratorio tuvo como objetivo analizar la experiencia de participación política de nueve ancianos participantes del Consejo Municipal de Salud (CMS) de Porto Alegre y la influencia de esta en su proceso de envejecimiento y en su salud. Se utilizaron entrevistas temáticas que fueron analizadas a través del Análisis del Contenido Temático. Los ancianos, cinco hombres y cuatro mujeres, tenían entre 60 y 79 años durante la realización de las entrevistas, todos jubilados o pensionistas y representaban a los usuarios del CMS. La mayoría de los entrevistados tienen nivel de escolaridad superior a los ocho años, participan del CMS un mínimo de cinco y viven con familiares. Los ancianos apuntaron trayectorias de participación distintas que fueron construidas participando en otros espacios, además del CMS. Las motivaciones para participar evidenciaron que los ancianos buscan, además de ocio y recreación, estrategias para afrontar mejor el envejecimiento, la viudez, el aislamiento social y la jubilación, además de ayuda para sus familias y comunidades. El envejecimiento es afrontado por muchos como un periodo de dificultades, pero se demostró que mantenerse en actividad proporcionó una valoración más tranquila o realista del proceso de envejecer y de la salud. La participación política se reveló como un factor protector para la salud de los ancianos, al garantir un envolvimiento con actividades después de la jubilación y un placer en desenvolver un trabajo para la comunidad, además de estimular el desarrollo cognitivo y el establecimiento de nuevas relaciones sociales. Los gestores y profesionales de la salud son actores importantes para la construcción de espacios y actividades creativos que promueven la salud de los ancianos y el incentivo a la participación de más ancianos en estos espacios.
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François, Véronique. "La céramique byzantine de Thasos, et un échantillonnage des productions médiévales orientales et occidentales du XIIIe au XVe siècle." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR20002.
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Apres une etude historique de l'ile de thasos du treizieme au quinzieme siecle, sont decrites en detail les techniques de fabrication des ceramiques a glacure plombifere et stannifere. Les vases decouverts a thasos sont ensuite abordes d'un point de vue morphologique et typometrique, puis classes par traitement de surface et par decor. Cette classification permet d'etablir des analogies et de rechercher les modes de ravitaillement, menant a la conclusion que ce materiel reflete les conditions economiques de ces epoques, et que l'approvisionnement de l'ile semble calque sur l'organisation et l'evolution de la flotte genoise dans les eaux egeennes et orientales : au treizieme siecle, une grande activite commerciale maritime genoise en mediterranee orientale et des vases identiques a ceux decouverts sur les sites syro-palestiniens; au quatorzieme siecle, perte de controle d'une partie du bassin mediterraneen oriental et developpement des comptoirs genois en mer noire, a thasos une ceramique commune a celle retrouvee dans le nord de la grece, de la turquie et en bulgarie; au quinzieme siecle, installation d'un atelier de potier a lemnos et poussee ottomane decisive, thasos ne recoit plus que des vases regionaux originaires d'une possession genoiseAfter an historic study of thasos'island during the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, we observe just exactly the manufacture's technics of lead glazed ware and tin glazed ware. Then ceramics discovered in thasos are presentated by dimensions, shapes, and graded by surface'treatments and by decoration. This last classification is useful to establish some analogies and to search for the means of supply. In conclusion, this ware is reflecting well the economic conditions, and we could say that the supply of the island was linked to the organization and evolution of the genoese fleet in the aegean and mediterranean waters : during the thirteenth century, an important genoese naval trading activity in the eastern mediteranean, and in thasos the same wares that in crusaders'states; during the fourteenth century, the genoese fleet is losting control of the eastern mediterranean but at the same time is opening new counters on black sea coasts, in thasos a ceramic similar to these discovered in northern greece, in turkey and in bulgaria; during the fourteenth century, ottoman tension and opening of a pottery workshop in lemnos from which come the local wares of thasos
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Esposito, Adèle. "Siem Reap, invention et fabrication d'un lieu de tourisme aux portes d'Angkor." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1170.
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Les façons de concevoir et fabriquer la ville de Siem Reap, située aux portes du site d'Angkor classé au patrimoine mondial (1992), induites ou suscitées par le tourisme, sont l'objet de la recherche. La thèse interroge le rapport conflictuel entre planification et fabrication urbaine : si les plans de la coopération internationale produisent un domaine d'action ainsi qu'un cadre conceptuel à travers lequel le territoire est appréhendé, d'autres logiques et procédures détournent le cadre réglementaire. Dans les discours programmatiques et normatifs élaborés à partir de notions d'origine occidentale, maintenant diffusées à l'échelle internationale, ainsi que dans l'organisation institutionnelle, nous recherchons les failles qui mènent les plans à l'échec. Sans nier les effets de tabula rasa, nous argumentons l'entrée en jeu de différentes formes d'héritage dans les aménagements de l'espace : les représentations des lieux, produites à partir du XIXe siècle, qui influencent les projets d'hôtels et équipements ; les formes et les pratiques mobilisées par les habitants, dont la négociation avec des modèles exogènes aboutit à des compositions originalesAfter Angkor was listed as a World Heritage Site (1992), Siem Reap town which is situated at its doorway experienced intense urban development. The thesis investigates the processes of urban development and architectural design created under the influence of tourism. The research questions the conflicts between planning and urban development. While the plans carried out by international cooperation produce a domain of action and a conceptual framework through which the territory is apprehended, private stakeholders' procedures and objectives succeed in diverting regulations. We show that the faults which cause the failure of the plans have to be sought in the programs and the rules shaped by Western-based notions now disseminated at the international scale. Without denying the tabula rasa of urban landscapes, we argue that different forms of heritage play a part in architectural design and urban transformations: - the representations of places, produced since the 19th century, shape tourism linked projects; - inherited forms and practices mobilized by the inhabitants are negotiated with exogenous models and lead to original urban shapes
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Merot, Florent. "L'homme et son milieu en vallée de Montmorency sous l'Ancien Régime : un paysage original aux portes de Paris (vers 1640-vers 1800)." Paris 13, 2010. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2010_merot.pdf.
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Entre la décennie 1640 et l’extrême fin du XVIIIe siècle, la vallée de Montmorency constitue, grâce à son paysage, une région privilégiée pour observer les relations que les Hommes entretiennent avec leur milieu. A quelques lieues seulement au nord-ouest de Paris, la vallée subit irrémédiablement les influences d’une capitale dont la population ne cesse d’augmenter depuis le milieu du XVIIe siècle. Tout en se diversifiant, la demande accompagne les rythmes de la croissance démographique urbaine et ne manque pas d’imposer ses exigences aux campagnes proches dans lesquelles se fond le vallon. Toutefois, le processus de transformation du paysage y est beaucoup plus précoce que dans le reste de l’Ile-de-France : les habitants sont animés par la volonté de satisfaire les besoins de la capitale dès la seconde moitié des années 1650. Secondés par un dense réseau routier, les échanges économiques, sociaux et culturels entre la vallée, Paris et l’ensemble de l’Ile-de-France se multiplient. Le paysage agricole s’imprègne progressivement d’un complantage multidimensionnel, associant sur de minuscules parcelles vignes, arbres fruitiers, plantes légumineuses et fourragères, résultat d’une complémentarité pensée par la paysannerie marchande pour assouvir ses désirs de profit et les besoins de la capitale. L’organisation spatiale des espaces bâtis s’adapte aux nouvelles activités agricoles, l’exploitation des massifs forestiers évolue pour satisfaire les exigences matérielles de celles-ci. Admiré par des spectateurs de plus en plus nombreux, le paysage et sa beauté contribuent à l’installation des élites sociales et urbaines au cœur même des villages. Surgissent ainsi les maisons de plaisance, entourées de leurs parcs et jardins, classiques puis pittoresques, qui ne laissent aucune liberté à la nature. Conséquence de la capacité qu’ont les sociétés humaines à structurer leur espace de vie, le paysage de la vallée de Montmorency est une construction savante dotée d’une diversité qui recèle une remarquable cohésion d’ensemble et traduit l’habitude inaliénable qu’a l’Homme de construire son environnement à son imageBetween the 1640s and the late eighteenth century, the landscape of the valley of Montmorency evolving under the impetus of a peasantry determined to meet the increasingly urgent and diversified Parisian demands. The capital, only a few kilometers, is easily reachable thanks to a dense road network, a vector of economic, social and cultural ties between the valley and the urban area. The agricultural landscape is enriched over the years to present a multidimensional character. Vines, fruit trees, forage and legumes rub on the plots, the exploitation of forests adapted to the new material needs, while social and urban elites, attracted by the beauty of the landscape, settled in mansions surrounded gardens. Consequence of the ability of human societies to organize their living space, this landscape is a clever construction with a diversity that conceals a remarkably cohesive whole and reflects the usual inalienable mankind has to build its environment to its image
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Chun, Hung Kee-Hassanein Janie. "Les textes ptolémaïques des portes du nord de l'enceinte de Mout à Karnak." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30020.
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Les textes de Mout développent une théologie septentrionale émanant d’Héliopolis, localement adaptée par une mise en parallèle entre le couple démiurgique héliopolitain, Atoum / Témet, et le couple monarchique thébain Amon / Mout, ainsi que par un transfert de géographie sacrée. Mout récupère l’apanage mythico-cultuel de Témet : Mythe de la Déesse lointaine, rituels d’Apaiser Sekhmet et de l’offrande de l’ivresse, qui, en contexte thébain, ont pour finalité la protection de la cité d’Amon et la glorification de Thèbes-la-Victorieuse, assimilée à Mout protégeant AmonThe Mut’s texts present a local adaptation of a northern theology originated from Heliopolis, based on parallelism between the heliopolitan demiurgic couple Atum / Temet and the theban monarchic couple Amun / Mut, as well as a transfer of sacred geography. Mut recovers Temet’s mythological prerogatives and worship : Myth of the Wandering Goddess, rituals of Pacifying Sekhmet and of the offering of the drunkness, wich, in the theban context, focus on the protection of Amun’s city and the glory of Victorious-Thebes, assimilated to Mut who protects Amun
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Salomon, Ferréol. "Géoarchéologie du delta du Tibre : Evolution géomorphologique holocène et contraintes hydrosédimentaires dans le système Ostie– Portus." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20040.
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Ostie et Portus sont deux villes portuaires emblématiques de la façade littorale de la Rome antique. Construites au contact du Tibre et de la mer Tyrrhénienne, elles se situent dans des milieux géomorphologiquement très instables (mobilité du fleuve et du trait de côte). Nous nous proposons dans cette étude de reconstituer les dynamiques hydrosédimentaires du Tibre deltaïque à l’époque romaine (principalement aux Ier s. av. – Ier s. ap. J.-C.) et d’en identifier les conséquences sur le système Ostie-Portus. Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous nous appuyons sur des données sédimentaires issues de carottages réalisés dans le paléoméandre d’Ostie et les canaux de Portus. Ces résultats sont ensuite confrontés aux données archéologiques et historiques. Le croisement des données sédimentaires, archéologiques et textuelles permet d’envisager une crise hydrosédimentaire d’origine anthropoclimatique dans le bassin versant du Tibre s’étalant de la seconde partie du Ier s. av. J.-C. au début du Ier s. ap. J.-C. A Ostie, cette crise s’exprime par : (1) une accumulation de sédiments à l’embouchure du Tibre qui conduit au comblement du port fluvial d’Ostie ; (2) plusieurs inondations importantes (parfois torrentielles – cf. Rome) ; et (3) peut-être une hausse des niveaux phréatiques. A cela s’ajoute, avant ou pendant cette crise, une forte variabilité latérale de l’embouchure et du paléoméandre d’Ostie, qui a pu affecter le développement d’Ostie. Contraint par une forte pression démographique à Rome et par le contexte socio-économique, Claude fonde Portus au milieu du Ier s. ap. J.-C. Cette ville portuaire maritime est conçue dans l’idée de pallier les insuffisances du port d’Ostie : (1) les capacités d’accueil du port sont considérablement accrues (bassin de 200 ha) ; (2) le site d’implantation est choisi 3 km au nord de l’embouchure du Tibre pour échapper aux contraintes hydrosédimentaires qui se posaient à Ostie. Pour des raisons logistiques (transport des marchandises vers Rome), la planification de Portus est accompagnée d’un système de canaux relié au Tibre. Les ingénieurs romains prennent cependant soin de dissocier le système des canaux de celui des bassins portuaires (gestion de la charge solide) et certains de ces canaux sont envisagés comme évacuateurs de crue (gestion des inondations). Les études sédimentaires menées permettent de décrire les modalités de fonctionnement et de comblement de certains de ces canaux (Canale Traverso, Canale Romano). Ce travail est complété par une réflexion méthodologique sur le diagramme de Passega et une modélisation de l’évolution holocène de la partie nord du delta du Tibre à partir de l’analyse de carottesOstia and Portus are two important harbour cities located on theThyrrenian coast, near the ancient Rome. This location corresponds to a fastly changing landscape (river and coastline mobility). The aim of this study is to reconstruct the Tiber hydrosedimentary dynamics in its delta plain during Ancient times (mainly in the 1st c. BC - 1st c. AD) and to identify their impact on the system Ostia-Portus. To complete this work, we analyse sedimentary cores drilled in the palaeomeander of Ostia and the canals of Portus. These results are compared to the archaeological and historical data. Crossing sedimentary, archaeological and textual data allows to consider hydrosedimentary anthropoclimatic crisis in the Tiber River watershed, during the period between the second part of the Ist century BC and the beginning of the Ist century AD. This crisis is expressed in Ostia, by: (1) a sediment accumulation at the mouth of the Tiber River, leading to the filling of the river mouth harbour of Ostia; (2) several major floods (at Rome - sometimes torrential floods); and (3) perhaps an increase of the groundwater levels. During this hydrosedimentological crisis or before, a strong lateral mobility of the Tiber mouth and the palaeomeander of Ostia probably affect the development of the city. Obliged by a strong demographic pressure in Rome and by the socio-economical context, Claude built Portus in the middle of the 1st century AD. Portus is planned with the idea to overcome the shortcomings of Ostia’s harbour: (1) by an increased harbour basin area (200 ha), and (2) by its establishment, 3 km north of the Tiber mouth, to avoid the main hydrosedimentary constraints. For logistical reasons (goods transport to Rome), Portus includes a fluvial canal system, connected to the Tiber River. However, Roman engineers take care to separate the canal system and the harbour basins (sediment load) and some of these canals are considered floodways (flood management). Sedimentary analysis characterise the canal functioning and filling (Canale Traverso, Canale Romano). This work is complemented by a methodological reflection on the Passega diagram and by a modeling of the Holocene evolution of the Tiber delta’s northern part , based onthe analysis of core samples
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Pleuger, Elisa. "Evolution paléoenvironnementale du delta de la Medjerda et géoarchéologie du site d'Utique (Tunisie)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2017.
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La ville d'Utique est considérée comme l'un des trois premiers comptoirs phéniciens de Méditerranée occidentale. Selon la tradition littéraire, elle aurait été fondée en 1101 av J.-C., par des phéniciens venus de Tyr au Liban.Néanmoins, dans l'état actuel des recherches, aucun vestige archéologique ne remonte au delà du 9e siècle av. J.-C. Aux périodes phéniciennes et romaines, Utique était une importante ville marchande faisant face à la mer. Au cours des siècles, la ville a perdu son accès à la mer et son port s'est envasé. Malgré plus d'un siècle d'investigation par les archéologues et chercheurs associés, l'emplacement des structures portuaires de la ville aux périodes phénicienne et romaine reste inconnu, enfoui sous plusieurs mètres de sédiments.Partant de cette problématique archéologique, notre recherche s'est concentrée sur trois axes principaux : paléogéographique, géoarchéologique et palynologique. Basés sur l'étude pluridisciplinaire de carottages sédimentaires, les résultats ont montré que les fortes crues de l'Oued Medjerda, qui coulait au sud de la ville à l'époque romaine, ont été un facteur majeur du déclin d'Utique et de l'ensablement de son port. En effet, au moment de sa fondation, la ville était située sur un promontoire baigné par la mer, mais les sédiments transportés par la Medjerda ont progressivement scéllé la baie, laissant la pointe du promontoire d'Utique à 10 km à l'intérieur des terres. Une crise hydrologique majeure a été mise en évidence vers le 4e siècle ap J.-C. Celle-ci est corrélée à une augmentation des taux de sédimentation dans le bassin versant, ce qui semble correspondre à une dégradation climatique globale à la même époque. Les résultats mettent également en évidence, l'existence d'une longue façade maritime au nord du promontoire d'Utique aux époques phénicienne et romaine. Un environnement marin profond est attesté dans l'ancienne baie au 6e mill. av. J.-C. et la profondeur de la colonne d'eau le long de la façade nord était encore de 2 m autour des 4e _ 3e siècle av. J.C. La phase d'occupation phénicienne et romaine est caractérisée par une forte baisse des taxons forestiers, probablement due à des défrichements importants pour l'agriculture et le pastoralisme. L'olivier quant à lui est en augmentation, ainsi que les céréales. La crise érosive survenant à la fin de la période romaine s'accompagne d'une très forte augmentation de l'armoise, témoin d'une steppisation du paysage.Ce travail illustre la contribution de la géoarchéologie à une résolution d'une problématique archéologique majeure et à la compréhension des relations entre cette importante ville portuaire et son environnementUtica is considered, according to ancient literary tradition, as one of the fist three Phoenician foundations of the Western Mediterranean, supposedly founded in 1101 BC by Levantines from Tyre. Neverthelesss, until now, no archaeological remains date back beyond the 9th century BC. In the Phoenician and Roman periods, Utica was an important merchant coastal town, facing the sea. Over the centuries, the city has lost its access to the sea and the port has silted up. Despite more than a century of investigation, by archaeologist and associated researchers, the location of the city's harbour, dating from the Phenician and Roman periods, remains unknown, burried under several meters of sediment.Starting from this archaeological problem, our research focused on three main axes : paleogeographic, geoarchaeological and palynological. Based on the multidisciplinary study of sedimentary cores, the results showed that the strong floods of the Medjerda wadi, wich flowed south of the city during Roman times, were a major factor in the decline of Utica and the silting of its port. Indeed, at the time of its foundation, the city was located on a promontary bathed by the sea, but the sediments transported by the Medjerda gradually sealed the bay, leaving the tip of the Utica promontary 10 km in land. A major hydrological crisis was highlighted around the 4 th century AD. This correlated with an increased in sedimentation rates in the watershed, wich seems to correspond to an overall climatic degradation. The results also highlight the existence of a long maritime facade north of Utica promontary during the Phoenician and Roman eras. A deep maritime environment is attested in the ancient bay at 6th mill. BC and the depth of the water column along the north facade was still 2 m around the 4th - 3th centuries BC. Finally, the palynological study showed the existence of traces of human activities as early as the 3th mill. BC. The Phoenician and Roman occupation is characterized by a sharp drop in forest taxa, probably due a significant clearings for agriculture and pastoralism. The olive tree is increasing, as well as cereals. The erosive crisis occuring at the end of the Roman period was accompanied by a sharp increase of "Artemisia", witnessing a steppisation of the landscape.This work illustrates the contribution of geoarchaelogy to the resolution of a major archeological problem and to the understanding of the relationships between this important port city and its enviroment
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Baika, Kalliopi. "Neosoikoi : installations navales militaires en méditerranée : les neoria de Corcyre." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010625.
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Partant du matériel archéologique du port fermé et surtout de l'arsenal militaire de Corfou, une des plus grandes puissances maritimes en Méditerranée du 7e au 5e siècle avant notre ère, cette étude retrace l' évolution de l'infrastructure portuaire spécialisée dans la marine de guerre dans l'espace méditerranéen autour de deux axes comparatifs. Premièrement, la notion du port militaire et la catégorie du port fermé - kleistos limen - et ses éléments de fortification portuaire. Deuxièmement, le neorion et surtout les complexes des neosoikoi, les installations portuaires liées à la remise à sec et à la maintenance des flottes de guerre. La recherche est centrée sur l'architecture et la typologie des hangars à bateaux, leur répartition chronologique et géographique, l'opération du halage, les dimensions des navires de guerre logés, l'urbanisation, l'organisation et l'administration de la zone portuaire militaire, tout en prenant en considération les chantiers navals et les skeuothèques.
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Saulnier, Jean-Michel. "Thasos à l'époque paléochrétienne et byzantine : étude de numismatique et d'histoire." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040053.
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L'école française d'Athènes mène depuis le début du siècle dans l'ile de Thasos (Grèce du nord) des fouilles qui ont permis la découverte d'un nombre important de monnaies paléochrétiennes, byzantines et médiévales, ainsi que de plusieurs trésors. Après avoir établi le catalogue de l'ensemble, on a d'une part procédé à une étude numismatique, qui apporte des informations originales sur plusieurs questions controversées, d'autre part, en confrontant les conclusions auxquelles conduit l'analyse de la circulation monétaire aux données archéologiques et aux textes, tente de restituer la vie d'une ile située dans une région stratégiquement sensible de l'empire byzantin, entre Constantinople et Thessalonique.
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Schenck, Tine. "Accessing intangible technologies through experimental archaeology : a methodological analysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/22018.
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This thesis concerns the relationship between research in experimental archaeology and the intangible of the past. Only a quarter of technological experiments in a sample of 100 studies addresses the intangible of technological practice, and this project sets out to explore if there are conceptual or practical obstacles for this low rate. The thesis begins with an in-depth examination of experimental archaeology and the criteria, paradigms and theories that determine its practice. Through this study, elements of the dichotomy positivism/postmodernism are uncovered and discussed. To resolve this dualism, a third paradigm – philosophical pragmatism – is introduced as an alternative. This conceptual debate represents Part I, and is subsequently collated into a methodological framework for the creation of a typified experiment. Part II consists of the experimental segment of this study, in search for practical obstacles for the exploration of the intangible. Through experimenting with Iron Age Bucket-shaped pots, Mesolithic faceted pebbles and Middle Palaeolithic birch bark tar production, different components of an experiment are highlighted for investigation. An element that comes forward as problematic is the relationship between experimental archaeologists and science ideals that is underscored by experimental tradition. Conclusively, the final discussion leaves the conceptual and practical barriers that may prevent archaeologists from studying the intangible aspects of technology overturned. In sum, this may enable experimental archaeologists to take a fuller view of their own practice and that of the people of the past.
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Barriere, Vivien. "Les portes de l'enceinte antique d'Autun et leurs modèles (Gaule, Italie, provinces occidentales de l'Empire romain)." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL042/document.
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Augustodunum, civitas Aeduorum, fondée à l’époque augustéenne, fut dotée de quatre portes urbaines : la porte d’Arroux et la porte Saint-André qui sont les mieux conservées, la porte Saint-Andoche dont il ne reste qu’une tour de flanquement et la porte de Rome, depuis longtemps disparue. L’étude stratigraphique du bâti des portes et la réflexion sur le fonctionnement du chantier de construction des portes urbaines d’Autun constituent le cœur de ce travail. Par ailleurs, antiquaires, voyageurs et artistes ont laissé depuis le XVIème siècle de nombreux témoignages de leur visite des portes romaines d’Autun. Ce fonds documentaire considérable, constitué de sources écrites et iconographiques, n’avait jusqu’alors pas été étudié de manière globale. Il a fallu mettre en série les sources textuelles afin de comprendre la part des emprunts aux travaux antérieurs. Un travail semblable de critique des représentations iconographiques des portes urbaines a également été effectué. Complément indispensable de l’étude stratigraphique des élévations conservées, l’étude de cette documentation ancienne a permis de proposer une hypothèse de restitution de l’histoire longue des portes d’Augustodunum de leur construction à nos jours. Le dernier volet de ce travail a consisté à replacer les portes d’Autun dans la série des portes urbaines monumentales de l’Occident romain construites entre le IIème siècle av. J.-C. et le IIème siècle ap. J.-C. mais aussi à présenter de nouvelles propositions de restitution du projet architectural, du plan des portes et de l’organisation interne de leurs tours de flanquementAugustodunum, civitas Aeduorum, roman city founded under the reign of Augustus, was equipped with four roman city gates : the gate of Arroux and the gate of Saint André, both well preserved, the gate of Saint Andoche which sole remaining part is a flanking tower, and the gate of Rome, destroyed long ago.The heart of this study lies in the stratigraphic reading of those gates structure and in thoughts about the building site of Autun’s city gates operating process. Moreover, since the 16th century, antiquaries, travelers and artists have described in many ways their visits to the roman city gates of Autun. These accounts constitute a major documentary collection of written and iconographical sources that had never been studied as a whole before. A classification of written sources was necessary in order to understand the borrowings from previous works. A similar work of critical study has been realized for the iconographical representations of the gates. As an essential complement of the stratigraphic reading of remaining elevations of the gates, the ancient archeological documentation study was indispensable to propose a restoration hypothesis of Augustodunum’s city gates long term history from their construction time to nowadays. The last section of this study aims to locate Autun’s city gates in the series of monumental city gates built in Western Roman Empire between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD. Furthermore, that section presents new propositions for the restoration of the architectural project, of the gates plan and of the inner organization of these gates flanking towers
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Langlois, Hugues. "La basse vallée de la Seine dans l'antiquité : essai de géographie historique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0035.
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Cette étude se veut pluridisciplinaire et porte sur la géographie historique des transports par eau entre l'estuaire et Paris, c'est-à-dire au sein d'une grande région nautique fluviale constituée de plusieurs espaces nautiques particuliers. Elle cherche donc à cerner les particularités de ce fleuve présenté par plusieurs auteurs comme étant une voie de commerce essentielle durant l'Antiquité. Y sont étudiés le milieu fluvial, le territoire des rives (agglomérations, voies terrestres, bacs, gués, ponts, aménagements portuaires), les moyens de transport par eau (types de bateaux et techniques de navigation), les productions artisanales et agricoles et les échanges commerciaux. Le recours à des sources variées (littéraires, épigraphiques, archéologiques, géographiques et cartographiques) est complété par une mise en parallèle avec d'autres fleuves de l'empire romain, mais également avec d'autres périodes, en particulier de l'époque moderne. Ces différents éléments participent au fait que cette thèse ne doit pas être considérée comme une simple monographie régionale, mais bien comme une étude globale des conditions de la navigation fluviale dans l'AntiquitéThis study is not only about History, because it covers several topics. It is a geographical history of transports between Paris and the estuary of the Seine river. This place is a big nautical place which consists of several particular nautical areas. The study intends to comprehend/understand the particularities of this river, which some Ancient authors describe as an essential trade axis during Antiquity. More than a simple monograph of Normandy, this research paper should be considered as a global study of inner navigation during Antiquity
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Blond, Stéphane. "L'atlas de Trudaine : pouvoirs, administrations et savoirs techniques (vers 1730 - vers 1780)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0103.
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Cette thèse étudie une source négligée jusqu'alors par l'historiographie: l'atlas de Trudaine. Cet inventaire cartographique dédié aux route royales est commandé à la fin des années 1730 par Philibert Orry (1689-1747), un contrôleur général des finances qui tente de remédier à l'état catastrophique du réseau routier français. L'atlas doit son nom à deux administrateurs chargés de sa réalisation et dont le rôle méritait d'être évalué Daniel-Charles Trudaine (1703-1769) et son fils, Jean-Charles-Philibert Trudaine de Montigny (1733-1777). L'atlas forme un vaste corpus qui regroupe près de 2500 cartes routières et plus de 900 plans d'ouvrages d'art. Des sources manuscrites conservées dans une centaine de dépôts sont mobilisées pour décrire le rôle des différents acteurs et les savoirs techniques mis en œuvre. L'analyse, est conduite autour de deux objectifs principaux: l'examen des modalités de fabrication de l'atlas et une meilleure connaissance de ses enjeux pour l'État. Pour y parvenir, trois grandes parties sont consacrées aux temps forts de son histoire: ses origines, son élaboration et ses usages. Cette étude fait apparaître un rapport singulier entre le pouvoir royal et l'outil cartographique qui constitue le support principal d'une vaste, politique dédiée à l'aménagement du territoire. Avec cette vaste collection de cartes, les administrateurs ont à leur disposition une source très détaillée qui permet d'évaluer et de planifier les travaux routiers et leurs incidences. Dans une perspective plus large, il apparaît aussi que cette enquête repose sur des procédures précises et qu'elle influence la conduite d'entreprises cartographiques parallèles ou ultérieuresThis thesis studies a source neglected by historiography: the atlas of Trudaine. This cartographic inventory dedicated to the royal roads ordered at the end of the years 1730 by Philibert Orry (1689-1747), a controller general of finances who tries to cure at the catastrophic state of tl French roads. The atlas owes its name with two administrators in charge of his realization and whose role deserved to be evaluated: Daniel-Chares Trudaine (1703-1769) and his son, Jean-Charles-Philibert Trudaine de Montigny (1733-1777). The atlas forms a vast corpus which 2500 roadmaps and more than 900 plans of structures. Handwritten sources preserved in a hundred deposits are mobilized to describe the role of the various actors and the technical knowledge implemented. The analysis is led around two objectives: the examination of the methods of making of the atlas and a better knowledge of its stakes for the Power. For that purpose, three great parts are devoted to strong times of its history : its origins, its development and its uses. This study reveals a singular relationship between the Power and the cartographic tool which constitutes the principal support of a vast politic dedicated to the regional planning. With this vast collection of maps, the administrators have at their disposal a very detailed source which makes it possible to evaluate and to plan road work and their incidences. From the broader point of view, it also appears that this investigation rests on precise, procedures and that it influences the parallel or later cartographic productions
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Brissaud, Laurence. "Le franchissement du fleuve à Vienne (Isère)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010581.
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L’étude de la voirie antique du site archéologique de Saint-Romain-en-Gal (Rhône), menée depuis vingt-cinq ans, a permis de mettre en lumière le rôle essentiel de la rue du Portique dans le développement de ce quartier de Vienne antique, situé sur la rive droite du Rhône. Traversant la plaine d’ouest en est, cette rue qui s’interrompait brutalement sur la berge du Rhône en face du cœur ancien de la capitale des Allobroges, a soulevé la question du franchissement du fleuve. Le nombre des ponts attribués à l’époque romaine a connu des évolutions au fil du temps. Une recherche historiographique importante a donc été menée afin d’établir la connaissance effective des indices prouvant la présence d’un ou de plusieurs ouvrages d’art antiques à la hauteur de Vienna, duplex urbs. Mais pour comprendre leur logique d’implantation, il a fallu également suivre la genèse d’installation des points de franchissement plus récents qui ont été soumis aux mêmes contraintes topographiques et urbaines que les ouvrages antiques. Il ressort de cette étude que deux ponts peuvent être attribués à l’époque romaine. Le troisième, plus monumental, le pont de pierre, considéré dans la mémoire collective comme le Pont Romain de la ville, semble toutefois remonter au Haut Moyen ÂgeThe study of the ancient road to the archaeological site of Saint-Romain-en-Gal (Rhône), conducted for twenty-five years, helped to highlight the essential role of the Portico street in the development of this area of Antique Vienna, on the right bank of the Rhône. Across the plain from west to east, the street would strop abruptly on the bank of the Rhône opposite the ancient heart of the capital of the Allobroges, raised the issue of crossing the river. The number of bridges attributed to the Roman era has seen changes over time. An important historiographical research has been conducted to determine actual knowledge clues proving the presence of one or more works of ancient art at the height of Vienna, duplex urbs. But to understand their logic implementation, it took also follow the genesis of installing newer crossing points that were subject to the same topographical and urban and ancient books constraints. It appears from this study that two bridges can be attributed to the Roman era. The third, more monumental, stone bridge, seen in the collective memory as the roman bridge in the city, however, seems to go back to the High Middle Age
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Holeček, Jiří. "Římské importy v jižní Asii." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306637.
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- Jiri Holecek - Roman imports in South Asia Diploma thesis sums up the development of the maritime trade between the Mediterranean, especially Rome, and South Asia, especially India, in the time period between the first century BC and the fourth century CE. Emphasis is put mostly on the archeological proof of the trade in the both directions, such as coins or traded goods, and their relevance and conclusiveness. Furthermore, the works of ancient historians are used to obtain more precise context in the terms of geography and economy. Thesis will compare the development of the maritime trade and the trade using the overland routes, especially so-called Silk Road. In conclussion, the thesis summarizes relevant proofs, and with their help defines the extent of the influence of the Mediterranean in South Asia and compare it with the influence of the overland routes, and finally describes the reasons of this economical development.
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Hsieh, Ling-Yen, and 謝姈諺. "Culture Heritage Conservation and Civic Participation: the Case of Twatutia, an Ancient Trading Port in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kwf3vp.
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碩士國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
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Abstract How could a historical zone be well maintained and developed under urbanization in Taiwan? This research picks up a spatial activation of Twatutia (pronounced as Dadaocheng in mandarin) as an example, with two main activities like civic participation between locals and new comers to this area as well as urban regeneration by Taipei city government. These movements are taken places with various regeneration activities, such like historical shophouses, blocks and communities, analyzing how they being motivated by the urban redevelopment policy. Additionally, this research also displays how public sectors getting involved in this urban regeneration actors and how they interact with one another. Firstly, this paper points out the factors to speed up the urban redevelopments. One is the office in Taipei City government called Urban Regeneration Station (URS) has started the trend of revival of historical houses in Twatutia. This trend not only caught full of attention in public sectors, but also in private enterprises. Gradually, it was formed to bring about co-competition focus on historical houses in public sectors and the extension of cultural shophouses, which developing a new commercial model in Twatutia and successfully transfer the business model from grocery wholesale industries which is obviously declined into branding new cultural creativity model. Secondly, the emerging activities caused by cultural creativity industry attract lots of visitors to join “walking tour” in this area. This leads people walk into lanes, and alleys composed with ancient and modern characteristics to bring them to explore a different aspect of Taipei city. Last but not the least, the combination between civic participation and urban regeneration hold by public sectors had successfully build emotional confidence for local citizens. However, during the period that the prosperity finally back to Twatutia with cultural activity industry, the demands of cultural shophouses are rapidly growing, causing some landlords anticipatory raise the rent which may eventually call for crowing out effect among industries and cause this area to industry decline in the end again. Encountering the development in blocks of Twatutia, this article consider that civic participation in local and the preservative policies launched by the public sectors in Twatutia balance the transformation between new and old industries and decrease the crisis of typical urbanization. This reflects the specialty of urban regeneration in Twatutia case.
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Šichan, Daniel. "Přístavy ve starém Egyptě." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313249.
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The work deals with landing facilities in ancient Egypt, both in the Nile Valley and in coastal areas. The aim has been to collect and interpret written, iconographic and archaeological evidence from the Early Dynastic to the Late Periods. The material is presented chronologically and individual groups of sources are arranged by type (written, archaeological and iconographic). The knowledge thus obtained has then been used to form a comprehensive overview of the development, function, importance and organization of harbour/port facilities in ancient Egypt. The main problem of the study of landing facilities in ancient Egypt lies in the extreme fragmentation of sources which makes it impossible to provide a continuous picture of the development of the subject and which raises as many questions as answers. The best preserved group of sources is written evidence, followed by information obtained by archaeology. The least informative is iconographic evidence. Although the majority of these sources are relatively straightforward to interpret, there are cases where interpretation is speculative. A fundamental question has arisen during this study. It is the relationship of the ancient Egyptians themselves to the facilities which undoubtedly played a significant role in the life of the inhabitants of the...
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Lima, Ana Filipa Santos Pereira. "Princípios para a reabilitação sustentável low cost de edifícios antigos: estudo de um quarteirão no centro da cidade do Porto." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/38314.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Construção e Reabilitação SustentávelO crescente envelhecimento e degradação do(s) centro(s) histórico(s) motiva a preocupação generalizada dos seus utilizadores, proporcionando o aumento exponencial de reabilitação. Atualmente a intervenção no centro histórico torna-se prioritária e essencial, adaptando-se o edifício corrente que distingue os centros históricos à habitação contemporânea, salvaguardando sempre que possível a imagem arquitetónica e a identidade social e cultural da cidade e dos seus habitantes. Nos edifícios antigos a reabilitação surge para correção das patologias existentes, proporcionando ao utilizador condições de salubridade e segurança. São espaços que apresentam uma identidade muito vincada, com forte relação entre o ambiente físico e o seu utilizador. Assim, a reabilitação nunca ocorre como intervenção apenas física, abrange a área social, cultural e económica, adaptando-se a um utilizador tipo, devido à constante mutação da atual sociedade. Os centros históricos são locais de constante memória e identidade própria, assumindo um papel fundamental como produto do encontro e dinâmica de cada cidade onde se inserem. A intervenção molda-se às novas exigências, intervindo globalmente, sendo coerente e estável. O objetivo da intervenção/reabilitação é que o novo habitat reflita uma interação na malha histórica do centro, das novas existências e do pré existente. A reabilitação atualmente tem que ser sustentável, ajudando a preservar a cultura e diferindo quer da construção quer da reabilitação tradicional. Esta responde a múltiplos objetivos, sendo precedida por uma atitude crítica e responsável que determinará todo o resultado final. A reabilitação sustentável low cost impõe novos desafios a toda a sociedade que necessita de mudança, alterando com o mínimo de custo mas o máximo de qualidade futura. O objetivo da presente dissertação é distinguir soluções de intervenção para os elementos que apresentam mais patologias no centro histórico do Porto, sendo, no entanto, operações comuns aos centros históricos de grande parte das cidades portuguesas. A intervenção tem que ser mínima, com objetivos sustentáveis e custos controlados, quer a curto, quer a longo prazo – o período de intervenção (manutenção) definido para o presente estudo é para um intervalo de 60 anos, desde que se efetua a intervenção global. Apresentam-se fichas de reabilitação para as fachadas, coberturas e pavimentos tipo, sendo demonstrados os respetivos impactes ambientais, funcionais e económicos, possibilitando, através desta contextualização, que se identifiquem quais as melhores práticas sustentáveis a contemplar no projeto, para que a execução e a utilização ocorram com o maior nível de eficiência possível e as soluções contribuam para a sustentabilidade do edifício. A reabilitação do(s) centro(s) histórico(s) é fundamental para (re) atribuir aos espaços condições de habitabilidade, segurança e conforto que se perderam ao longo do tempo.
The increasing ageing and degradation of historical city centers motivate widespread concerns of their users, providing an exponential increase in rehabilitation. Currently, intervention in the historic city center becomes essential and is a priority, adapting the current building which distinguishes the historical sites to contemporary housing centers, always safeguarding the architectural image and social and cultural identity of the city and its inhabitants. In ancient buildings rehabilitation takes place to correct existing conditions, providing the user conditions of health and safety. They are spaces that present a very stark identity, with a strong relationship between the physical environment and their user. Thus, rehabilitation never occurs only as physical intervention, but also covering the social, cultural and economic area, adapting to a user type, due to the ever changing modern society. The historic city centers are places of constant memory and self-identity, assuming a key role as a product of the convergence and dynamics of each city they are part of. The intervention molds itself to the new demands, intervening globally, being consistent and stable. The objective of the intervention / rehabilitation is that the new habitat reflects an interaction in the historic center mesh, and also in the new and pre-existing. Rehabilitation currently has to be sustainable, helping to preserve the culture and differing on both the construction and traditional rehabilitation. This responds to multiple objectives, being preceded by a critical and responsible attitude that will determine the entire outcome. The low cost sustainable rehabilitation imposes new challenges to any society that needs change, changing with minimal cost but with the highest quality for the future. The objective of this dissertation is to distinguish intervention solutions for elements that have more pathologies in the historic city center. The intervention has to be minimal, with sustainable objectives and controlled costs, both in the short and long term - intervention period defined for the current study of 60 years, since the global intervention has been done. Records of rehabilitation for facades, roofing and flooring type are presented, being demonstrated their environmental, operation and economic impacts, allowing, via this contextualization, to be identified which are the best sustainable practices to contemplate in this project, in order for the execution and usage occur with the highest possible proficiency level and that the solutions contribute for the building’s sustainability. Rehabilitation of historical centers is fundamental to (re) allocate the spaces habitability, safety and comfort conditions that have been lost over time.
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Carvalho, Sara Raquel Loureiro dos Santos. "Humidade em edifícios antigos : reabilitação do edifício do Governo Civil do Porto para instalação de um Hotel de 4 estrelas." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/6993.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: João Carlos SantosEsta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as anomalias provocadas pela humidade nos edifícios antigos e as suas soluções de reparação, focando-se no caso do estudo do edifício do Governo Civil do Porto, na Rua Augusto Rosa. Os edifícios antigos são caracterizados pelas suas técnicas de construção e pelos materiais utilizados na sua conceção que, com o decorrer do tempo, desenvolvem anomalias que necessitam ser combatidas eficazmente para evitar a sua propagação, sendo a humidade o agente de deterioração que mais danos causa. Numa primeira parte, é realizada uma caracterização construtiva dos edifícios antigos. Esta caraterização é efetuada através da análise genérica dos edifícios antigos e dos elementos da construção mais expostos às anomalias provocadas pela humidade. Essas partes da construção estão principalmente localizadas no exterior, tratando-se das fundações, das paredes exteriores, dos pavimentos, das coberturas, dos revestimentos e acabamentos e dos vãos. Esta caraterização também incluí a análise construtiva do edifício do Governo Civil do Porto, sendo essencial o seu estudo para o projeto de reabilitação e a escolha das soluções a aplicar no combate das anomalias provocadas pela humidade. Numa segunda parte, é realizado um estudo sobre as várias formas de manifestação da humidade. Esta análise inclui a caracterização das origens de anomalias, os métodos de diagnóstico e as várias soluções de reparação de humidade de acordo com a sua origem. Numa última parte, é apresentado o caso prático do projeto de reabilitação do edifício do Governo Civil do Porto. Com isto, é feito um enquadramento sobre o projeto e o programa, e são expostas as soluções escolhidas para a reparação das anomalias provocadas pela humidade no edifício. Este capítulo pretende responder à seguinte questão: “ Como é possível resolver no projeto de reabilitação do Governo Civil os problemas relacionados com a humidade, preservando as suas principais características?”.
This dissertation is based on how to fix moisture problems in ancient buildings and is based on Oporto’s old civil government at Augusto Rosa’s Street. Ancient buildings are caracterized by their construction tecnics and the materials used in their conception that, as time goes by, develop moisture anomalies that have to be efficiently corrected to avoid it’s spreading, and, consequently, more damages. On the first part of the dissertation we focus on the constructive caracterization of the buildings, which is made by generically analising old buildings and the constructive elements in them that are most exposed to moisture problems. Those elements are frequently located on the exterior part of the building, and they are: the foundations, exterior walls, pavements, roofs, coatings, finishings and vains. This part also includes the constructive analisis of the Oporto’s Civil Government building, being it’s study essential to this reabilitation project and the choosing of the solutions to the moisture problems. On a second part, a study on the different manifestations of moisture is made. This study includes the finding of the root of the moisture anomalies, the diagnostic equipments used and the several fixing options, according to it’s root. On the last part, we present the practic case of Oporto’s Civil Government building, exposing the solutions to it’s moisture problems. This chapter’s point is to answer the next question: “How can we solve the moisture problems presented on Oporto’s Civil Government building?”.
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Santos, Beatriz Isabel Rodrigues. "O Novo Velho : a Reabilitação da “Casa” Burguesa Portuense : os processos construtivos tradicionais e a regulamentação atual." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/4973.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Rui Ramalho Martinho FurtadoEste trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a Reabilitação da “Casa” Burguesa Portuense, os Processos Construtivos e a Regulamentação Atual, tal como o próprio título indica. Neste sentido, teve-se como alvo de estudo três moradias em ruínas que serviram como objeto para o desenvolvimento de um projeto de reabilitação, em que a principal intenção era seguir o sistema construtivo tradicional. Neste âmbito, desenvolveu-se um estudo profundo relativamente á história da “casa” burguesa portuense dos séculos XVIII/ XIX, investigando o seu sistema construtivo, onde se verifica a presença de padrões idênticos na edificação antiga que se preservaram durante séculos, deste modo, a partir do conhecimento de um pequeno combinado de materiais, técnicas e elementos de construção é possível perceber a composição genérica deste tipo de construções e o seu comportamento. E identificar quais os planos de inspeção mais apropriados, a partir de um diagnóstico e, desta forma, definir quais os principais elementos as reabilitar e perceber como é feito o levantamento do edifício e a sua importância num projeto de reabilitação. É crescida uma análise de casos de estudo, demonstrando os 3’Rs da reabilitação: Reabilitar, Restaurar e Renovar. O projeto que foi mote de investigação, vem a finalizar o presente trabalho, sendo onde se põe em prática toda a pesquisa desenvolvida no presente estudo. Palavras- chave:
As the title suggests, this study is focused on the analysis of the Rehabilitation of the "burgeois house" of Oporto city, its Construction Processes and the Present Regulamentation. This is why three ancient ruined houses have been selected to become the basis for the development of a rehabilitation project, whos emain purpose was to follow the traditional building system. So, a profound research about the history of the "burgeois house" of the eighteen and nineteen centuries in Oporto city has been done. This research tried to examine the building practices used on those houses. Some internal infrastructures shown in the ancient buildings have been preserved through years and are identical to some present structures. Thousand through the knowledge of some building materials, techniques and building structures, it became possible to understand the construction of those houses as well as the type of material used on their construction and to study the behavior of their structures. Through a careful diagnosis it has also been possible to identify the main points to check and to determine the main elements in order to achieve a correct rehabilitation in a project of such importance. In this research there is also analysis based on some case studies which demonstrates the 3 R’s in rehabilitation: rehabilitate, restore and renew. The project ends with the presentation of this essay.