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Journal articles on the topic 'Ancient Turkic language'
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1
Mankeeva, Zh. "Continuity of the Kazakh language with the language of the runic inscriptions." Turkic Studies Journal 3, no. 3 (2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2021-3-47-54.
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Today, when the Republic of Kazakhstan at the turn of the century gained independence, the generalization of all historical and spiritual knowledge and their use for the good of the country is necessary for the formation and development of national consciousness. In this context, the language of the runic inscriptions as a source reflects the mentality of the ancient world and the archetypes of the historical evolution of the linguistic units of the Turkic languages. Consequently, the ancient linguistic data reveal the continuity of their historical development, the successive connection of the system of ancient Turkic languages with the system of modern Turkic languages, incl. modern Kazakh language. The above is confirmed by the results of scientific research of G. Aydarov, Doctor of Philology, professor, runologist, who managed to penetrate into the secrets of ancient inscriptions carved on stones and establish diachronic connections of ancient Turkic languages with Kypchak Turkic languages, with the Kazakh language and thereby prove, that the Kazakh language does not belong to the so-called «new» group of languages and that the history of the language is older than the history of the nation. Professor G. Aydarov is one of the first in Kazakh Turkic studies to investigate the heterogeneous linguistic system of the ancient Turkic and ancient Uighur languages, graphic, phonetic-phonological, lexical, morphemic-derivational and grammatical tiers of ancient languages, defining their features and successive ties with modern Turkic languages, including with the Kazakh language. As a confirmation, the author of the article considers the structural ontology of the Turkic word (monosyllabic and other models of the Turkic proto-root), in the study of which G. Aydarov made his invaluable contribution. It should also be noted: the assertion of the author of the article that the followers of G. Aydarov, in the study of the ancient Turkic languages, actively use the anthropocentric approach, which makes it possible to reveal new knowledge about the world and mentality of the ancient Turkic peoples, which are so necessary for understanding the historical development of the Turkic world.
2
Kamzanov, D., and A. Yskaknabi. "WAYS TO CONVEY ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE ANCIENT TURKIC LANGUAGE." Scientific heritage, no. 90 (June 6, 2022): 86–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6616175.
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The article discusses the ways of transferring aspects of the English language in the ancient Turkic language. Each language has its own characteristics of time transmission that differ from each other. Although there are no aspects in the Turkic languages like in English, there are ways to convey aspects. Tenses in the Old Turkic language differ from modern Turkic languages. Examples were taken from the ancient Turkic inscriptions in the article.
3
Burkitbayeva, Sh D. "Progress in the study of declensions in the ancient Uyghur language." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 142, no. 1 (2023): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2023-142-1-303-311.
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The article discusses the process of researching the ancient Uighur dialects. Although studies of the ancient Turkic languages have been developed in Kazakh science, it can be said that the study of the ancient Uyghur language, a branch and a large branch of these ancient Turkic languages (a large branch, according to foreign scientists, means the ancient Uyghur language - the language of the third Turkic Khaganate), was left without attention. To fill this gap, we reviewed the progress of the study of syllogisms using the works of prominent scientists who studied the ancient Uyghur language. Adverbs play an important role in connecting words in a sentence. In general, our goal, when we write about declensions, is to once again make sure that there is no big difference between the declensions of the Old Turkic language, including the Old Uyghur, and the declensions of modern Turkic languages, and analyze some of them. their features. In the article, we focused on the research of foreign and domestic correspondent scientists on adverbs and tried to compare them. We studied the statements of scientists about adverbs by methods of analysis, comparison and discussion.
4
Huseynova, H. "Words of Turkic origin in ancient Greek." Turkic Studies Journal 2, no. 3 (2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2020-2-3-35.
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The article notes the functioning of turkisms in many languages of the world, including Greek, English, French, Russian and other languages. It is known that the Turks established socio-political and cultural ties with many ancient peoples, and sometimes settled on the territories of these peoples or in areas close to them. Such areal contacts caused language and lexical borrowings. N.A. Baskakov in the book “Russian surnames of Turkish origin”, wrote that the origins of 300 noble Russian families go back to Turkic roots, including genealogy and the scientist A.Kh. Khalikov notes numerous Turkic words in the Russian language. In the book “500 generations of Turkish-Bulgarian-Tatar origin, known as Russian”, he explores 500 surnames of Turkic origin. In the book “Turks in the ancestral roots of the Russians” also gives information about the origin of the Turks and the Turkic generations, known as the Russian generation. According to Chingiz Aitmatov, one third of Russian words are Turkic. Similar language Turkish loanwords are observed in ancient Greek and modern Greek, which is the subject of this article. According to some researchers, the Indo-European languages on the territory of the Balkan Peninsula appeared thanks to the Greeks. Even in ancient times, researchers noted that in the territory of modern Greece once lived people who did not speak the Indo-European language, which is approximately 2500 BC. The era of 2500-1600 BC is associated with the Hittites, later the Greeks settled on the territory of Hellas. According to some researchers, the most ancient inhabitants of the territory of Ancient Greece were the traki, whose language was later assimilated with the language of the hittites, and then the Greeks. In ancient scandinavian sources, there are relics of the language of tracts belonging to the Western branch of the proturks, which is confirmed by the praturkian vocabulary and onomastics. The Greek-Turkic language substrata and units imprinted in ancient Greek confirm the presence of Turkic loanwords, which have not lost their relevance in modern language contacts between Turkish and Greek.
5
Anisimov, R. N. "Phraseological Nomination of Age and Experience in the Yakut Language (Comparison with the Turkic Languages of South Siberia)." Philology 17, no. 9 (2018): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-9-31-42.
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In the following article, the phraseological nomination of childhood, juvenile age, manhood and elderly age, life experience are considered in a comparative aspect with the Turkic languages of Southern Siberia (Altaic, Tuvan, Khakass) for the first time in the Yakut phraseology, with the purpose of establishing common and specific traits of these languages, as well as identifying the sources of origin of the basic lexeme components that make up the Yakut phraseological units. The author also employs language material from Turkish and Kazakh languages, ancient Turkic written monuments to increase the probability of finding both linguistic and extralinguistic general and specific trends. Turkic phraseological units are considered in terms of “Yakut language – ancient Turkic, Turkish, Kazakh, Turkic languages of Southern Siberia”. The comparative-historical method and component analysis made it possible to establish as a whole a national-specific phraseological nomination of age and experience in the Yakut language that do not have parallels in related Turkic languages, which in turn confirms the thesis that the formation of these phraseological units has proceeded in the process its development in conditions of non-contact with the last. At the same time, some common ancient Turkic – Yakut, Yakut – Altai-Khakass, Yakut – Tuvinian – Khakass, Yakut – Tuvan, Yakut – Khakass, Yakut – Kazakh phraseological parallels were revealed, which undoubtedly testify that the phraseological system of Turkic languages has common ancient roots. It has also been established that the reference words-components that make up the Yakut phraseological units that nominate the age and experience of a person are predominantly of Turkic origin, and the presence of a certain number of Mongolisms and parallels in the Tungus-Manchurian languages indicates that these lexemes in the Yakut language have arisen because of mutual contacts and interaction. Prospects for the study are seen in the further development of the theoretical basis and methodology of phraseological comparativistics of Turkic languages.
6
Молгаждаров, Қасиет, Дәулет Шаяхимов та Әділет Таңсықбай. "ОРХОН-ЕНИСЕЙДЕГІ КӨМЕКШІ СӨЗДЕР: ДАМУЫ МЕН КОНЦЕПЦИЯ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ (ТАРИХИ-САЛЫСТЫРМАЛЫ АНАЛИЗ)". Батыс Қазақстан инновациялық-технологиялық университетінің Хабаршысы 33, № 1 (2025): 138–49. https://doi.org/10.62724/202510205.
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The article presents the first historical and comparative study of auxiliary words (adverbs, auxiliary nouns, auxiliary verbs, modal words) in ancient Turkic runic inscriptions, comparing them with medieval and modern Turkic languages. It contributes to linguistics by analyzing these words through studies, statistical analysis, and theoretical justifications, with a focus on auxiliary verbs found in the Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions. The research covers nine large and several small Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions to identify and categorize the function words used in ancient Turkic. The study compares the auxiliary words in ancient Turkic with those in medieval and modern Turkic languages, revealing their morphological and phonetic similarities and differences. Additionally, differences between the eastern and western Hunnic Turkic languages are highlighted. The study finds that while the auxiliary word group is common in related Turkic languages, they belong to different categories, show variations in word formation, and have different names. A key result is that the auxiliary words in ancient Turkic runic inscriptions are substantively similar to those in medieval and modern Turkic languages. The primary language of the study is Kazakh, a closely related Turkic language. The article also discusses how some morphemes in Kazakh have lost their original meaning, leading to the formation of a new group of words with merged roots and morphemes, which are now categorized as auxiliary words.
7
Rakhmatova, Govkhar. "SIMPLE SENTENCE AND ITS EXPRESSION IN ANCIENT TURKIC LANGUAGE." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 04, no. 05 (2023): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-04-05-07.
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This article analyzes the research related to the simple sentence in the ancient Turkic language and its study, and issues such as the structure of the simple sentence in the ancient Turkic language, the types of simple sentences, and the expression of participles in simple sentences are highlighted.
8
Ramazanova, Aida Arif. "The Concept of “Yurd” / “Home” in the Turkic Languages." Studia Orientalne 32, no. 4 (2024): 96–107. https://doi.org/10.15804/so2024407.
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Turkic languages have a rich lexical composition. Some of them are words of the ancient Turkic language, dating back to the times before the emergence of independent Turkic languages. These lexical units embody the lifestyle of the modern Turkish people, their thinking and philosophy. There are many such language units, but among them there are those that are relevant today. In particular, the concept of “yurd”, which includes the semantics of Vətən, yurd, od, ocaq, ev, retains many semantic features of the ancient vocabulary of the Turkic languages. As studies on Turkic languages deepen, it is discovered that sometimes the main acts of general thought have entered the essence of this concept. It is very interesting to study them in this context both linguistically and sociologically.
9
Omonov, Qudrat. "The stages of the development of the official style and the issues of the periodization in the history of turkic languages." Golden scripts 2, no. 2 (2020): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2020.2/gthi8034.
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Turkic languages have an ancient history. It has passed through many stages of development until today’s state. In this process, it met the internal and external changes. This can be seen in the development of the official style of the Turkic languages. This article analyzes the history of Turkish language documentation, the history of the official written style, the process of its development and the study of this process in periods. In the article, the author argues that the language of Blue Turkic script should be considered as the basis of all styles, and tries to base his ideas on examples from the ancient period of the Turkic language. The history of Turkic documentary, the emergence and development of the official style consist of several periods. The author recommends studying it in the following main stages: "Documentary of the most ancient times", "Documentary of the Turkic Khanate", "Documentary of IX-XIII centuries", "Documentary of XIII-XVI centuries". The article also notes that these periods consist of internal stages. The author emphasizes the tradition of writing official texts was completely formed, and it was a single standard of documentation in the practice of the documentation of the Turkic kingdoms.
10
Gabbaskyzy, Shaimerdinova Nurila. "The word-formation potential of affixes in the ancient Turkic runic texts." Turkic Studies Journal 4, no. 3 (2022): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-3-118-127.
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In the era of the Old Turkic Khaganates, a full-fledged structure of the Turkic word was formed in the runic language. Historical relics of the proto-Turkic protoforms are still preserved in the root morphemes: primary roots, verb-nominal syncretism, and sound-phonemic variability of roots. In the language of runic monuments the corpus of service morphemes after the root – the affixes – was quite well developed, so there was a quite well developed system of morphology and derivation in the Proto-Turkic language. These service morphemes can be functionally classified as formative and word-formative. The purpose of the article is to reveal the functions and meanings of Old Turkic word-formation affixes.The basic unit of affixal word-formation is a word forming component, in which the formal semantic connection between the generating and derivative stems is determined by semantic motivation. In the case of direct motivation, the meaning of a derived word is formed from the meanings of the generating word and the word-forming affix. The affixes involved in word formation have a word-forming function, and their word-forming meaning is determined by the system-forming function. The author shows the diversity of word-formation meanings. The meanings of old Turkic affixes survived in the modern Turkic languages
11
Ismailova, M. "Characteristic of vowel harmony in the Oguz-Kipchak dialects and their integration into other Turkic dialects." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 3 (2019): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/40/68.
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The article includes vowel harmony, which is considered one of the most characteristic features of the Turkic languages. Vowel harmony has a very ancient history in Turkic. This law was formed during the period of the proto-turkic. In the ancient Turkic written monuments, vowel harmony was an “iron law”. This law has played a key role in the writing of ancient written monuments. However, although vowel harmony came from Orkhon, this ancient phonetic law should always be considered a continuation of the old norm. Although the word “vowel harmony” as a phonetic law in Turkic includes harmony of conconants, harmony of vowels with consonants, on the basis of this law stands harmony of vowel. However, as a result of the internal and external processes occurring in the Turkic languages in the course of historical development, the harmonicism had different features. One of the reasons for this is the lack of proper knowledge of the dialect and emphasis based on the literary language. Therefore, Turkic dialects should be studied as the main source. The article does not consider satisfactory the study of Turkic dialects based on the facts of a particular language. This is more clearly seen when studying the law of harmony. The study of the law of harmony on the basis of various Turkic dialects allows for an accurate scientific interpretation of this issue.
12
Rakhmatova, Govkhar Omonovna. "PRINCIPLES OF DIVISION OF SIMPLE SENTENCE TYPES IN ANCIENT TURKIC LANGUAGE." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 5, no. 11 (2023): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume05issue11-09.
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In this article, the types of sentences in the ancient Turkic language according to their structure and the peculiarities of simple sentences are analyzed. The types of simple sentences in the ancient Turkic language and the views of representatives of linguistics on the division of simple sentences into types are comparatively studied.
13
Malysheva, N. V., and I. A. Danilov. "Common Turkic Vocabulary of the Yakut Language: Words Denoting Animal Body Parts (Comparative Historical Analysis)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 4 (2019): 1123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-4-1123-1130.
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The article discusses linguistic contacts of the Turkic languages. The research was based on the common Turkic vocabulary of the Yakut language, namely words denoting animal body parts. The paper focuses on the comparative-historical aspect of the ancient Turkic and modern Turkic languages. The authors described the lexical-semantic and phonostructural features of Yakut words denoting animal body parts that have a common Turkic origin. The methods included continuous sampling method from lexicographic sources, as well as descriptive and comparative methods. The semantic transitions of Turkic lexical reflexes from the Praturk system to the modern form revealed that words denoting animal body parts represent the most ancient layer of the Yakut vocabulary. It consists of vocabulary common for most Turkic languages and belongs to stable categories. As part of the phonological analysis, the authors determined phonostructural types and characteristics of the phonological system of lexical reflexes, the nature of the stability and variability of lexemes, and the main causes of the instability of the phonostructures of the word stems of other Turkic languages in the Yakut language. An analysis of the lexical-semantic features of the Yakut words for animal body parts in comparison with their lexical parallels in other Turkic languages revealed the nature of stability and variability of the lexical meanings of the stems for specific Turkic language.
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Gabbaskyzy, Shaimerdinova Nurila. "A root morpheme in the Old Turkic language." Turkic Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (2022): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-1-95-108.
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The old Turkic literary language was formed on the basis of ancient Turkic dialects. In the era of the ancient Turkic kaganates, the language of runic inscriptions as a single literary language was used by various Turkic tribes or unions of tribes – Kipchaks, Oghuz, Uighurs, Turgesh, Kirghiz. The internal structure of the old Turkic literary language has been sufficiently studied in terms of graphic, phonetic-phonological, lexical, morphological. However, the morpheme-derivative system of the language has been studied fragmentarily and inconsistently. The purpose of this article is to consider the structure of the old Turkic word, in particular, the potential of the root morpheme. The structure of the old Turkic word consists of a root and affixal morphemes, differentiated into derivational, inflectional and formative. A root morpheme is a sign unit, the content of which is encoded information embodied in the lexical meaning of the word. The meaning of the root is singular and concrete, in contrast to the abstract meanings of auxiliary morphemes. The root morpheme of the old Turkic language differs from the root morphemes of modern Turkic languages in a number of ways, and above all in the preservation of historical relics, primary monosyllabic and verb-nominal syncretism. In the process of the historical development of the structure of the Turkic word on the basis of monosyllabic, a new model of the root appears, along with which many types of non-derivative roots, three/four/five/six-syllable/seven-syllabic, function in the old Turkic language, which reveals the potential of non-derivative Turkic roots. Another feature of the old Turkic root is the variability of its sound-phonemic composition ((ил/ел; ир/эр/ ер; бен/мен, сен/син, ол/ул/у; мын/мин/мен/мун/мүн) il/el; ir/er/er; ben/men, sen/sin, ol/ul/u; myn/min/men/mun/mun), which is uncharacteristic for root morphemes of modern Turkic languages. Such diffuse changes are fundamentally due to the archaism of the proto-forms and the influence of ancient Turkic dialects.The root morpheme is the old Turkic language is an active participant in the act of word creation, representing a generating basis in the formation of derivative words with word-building affixes. The derivation of the root morpheme is also revealed in the formation of complex, paired words and combinations of words, typologically inherent in the Turkic languages both in diachrony and in synchrony.The root of the old Turkic word structure is the subject of a required article by the author.
15
Ismailova, M. "Characteristic of vowel harmony in the Oguz-Kipchak dialects and their integration into other Turkic dialects." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 3 (2019): 512–18. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/40/68.
Full textAbstract:
The article includes vowel harmony, which is considered one of the most characteristic features of the Turkic languages. Vowel harmony has a very ancient history in Turkic. This law was formed during the period of the proto-Turkic. In the ancient Turkic written monuments, vowel harmony was an “iron law”. This law has played a key role in the writing of ancient written monuments. However, although vowel harmony came from Orkhon, this ancient phonetic law should always be considered a continuation of the old norm. Although the word “vowel harmony” as a phonetic law in Turkic includes harmony of consonants, the harmony of vowels with consonants, on the basis of this law stands harmony of the vowel. However, as a result of the internal and external processes occurring in the Turkic languages in the course of historical development, the harmonics had different features. One of the reasons for this is the lack of proper knowledge of the dialect and emphasis based on the literary language. Therefore, Turkic dialects should be studied as the main source. The article does not consider satisfactory the study of Turkic dialects based on the facts of a particular language. This is more clearly seen when studying the law of harmony. The study of the law of harmony on the basis of various Turkic dialects allows for an accurate scientific interpretation of this issue.
16
Kairat, A., and Sh Burkitbayeva. "PAIRED WORDS IN ANCIENT UYGHUR AND MODERN KAZAKH LANGUAGES." Tiltanym, no. 2 (July 17, 2024): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2024-2-133-139.
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In the article, paired words of the ancient Uighur language are compared with modern Kazakh paired words. The ancient Uighur language is one of the branches of the ancient Turkic language, like other Turkic languages. The purpose of this article is to compare and study to what extent the elements of the ancient Uighur language, which are currently being studied in our country, are found and preserved in the modern Kazakh language. Along with the researchers of the country, the works of foreign scientists-researchers of the ancient Uighur language were considered. During the writing of the article, the use of paired words in ancient Uighur texts of the late VIII-XIV centuries was studied, and it was revealed to what extent they are found in the modern Kazakh language. Sentences taken from ancient Uighur language texts were compared with the modern Kazakh language and analyzed from the point of view of the grammar of the modern Kazakh language. As a result, it was found that paired words in the modern Kazakh language have not lost their original, historical meaning, but have undergone some phonetic changes, but have not changed significantly. This interested us, and we decided to compare them. The work is of great scientific and practical importance. The results obtained can be used as a research material on the history of the Kazakh language and Turkology. In addition, during the research, we found that the modern Kazakh language has absorbed a huge number of linguistic elements from the ancient Turkic languages, and they are still used.
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N.A., Khadjieva. "SEMANTICS OF ADJECTIVES MEANING COLORS IN ANCIENT OLD TURKIC WRITINGS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 04, no. 05 (2023): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-04-05-11.
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It is well known that adjectives are words that represent symbols of living things and events. Colorful adjectives tend to shoot. The fire properties in them give rise to semantic diversity and driving meanings. In the ancient Turkic language, colorful attributes have semantic meaning. The article examines the scope of the colorful attributes used in the ancient Turkic languages, as well as the linguistic and artistic aesthetics of adjectives.
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Boboyorov, G'aybulla. "The Proto-turkic Epoch of the Turkic Language: the Branches of Xun and Ogur-bulgar." Golden scripts 1, no. 3 (2019): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2019.3/dgzt3518.
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Today Turkic languages are divided into 3 main large dialects like Oghuz, Qarluq, Qipchaq and relatively small dialects such as Halač, Southern Siberian Turkic, Chuvash, and Yakut (Saha). Each or most of these dialects are the followers of the language of the ancient Turkic – “the language of the Ork-hon-Yenisey inscriptions”, i.e. according to some Turkologists, they are the di-rectly follower of the Common Turkic, and some of them different from these languages. Especially, this is very obvious in languages of Chuvash and in lan-guage of Volga Bulgarians of the Middle ages, for them the terms of “the fol-lowers of proto-Turkic language” or “a branch of the Hun language” are widely accepted. In this article, the terms “proto-Turkic” or “Hun language” the author try to analyze the questions what lies the behind these terms and why Altaic scholars or Turkologists came to conclusion that the aforementioned dialects are considered to be Proto-Turkic.
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Shadrin, V. V., and A. P. Popova. "The concept of the state in the Yakut language: legal and linguistic analysis." Arctic XXI century. Humanities, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/svfu.2023.92.28.002.
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This paper is devoted to the study of the concept of «state» in the Yakut language. The relevance of the work is caused by modern scientific tendencies to study the role of language in jurisprudence, in particular the study of the morphology and semantics of political and legal terms. Especially significant in this context is the study of political and legal terms in the languages of the peoples of multinational Russia. Legal and linguistic analysis is applied to identify the origin, meaning and significance of the concept «state» in the Yakut language. A comparative description of the concept of the state in Russian and various Turkic and Mongolian languages is given. The ancient Turkic concept of «il/ el» is revealed. It is concluded that Yakut language, on the one hand, uses direct borrowing from Russian to denote the concept of «state», on the other hand, revives the ancient Turkic concept of «il» in the meaning of «statehood», «state». This distinguishes the Yakut from other Turkic languages. Further study of this issue from the viewpoint of sociology and psychology and further development of the state language policy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) seems necessary.
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Sodiqov, Qosimjon. "STYLISTICS OF ANCIENT TURKISH NOTES." Golden scripts 1, no. 2 (2019): 42–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2019.2/rzgt6013.
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In the beginning of the last century, Russian and Western European scientists discovered many historical ruins and manuscripts as a result of scientific expeditions to the historical lands of present-day Xinjiang. Among the manuscripts were the official documents created by the ancient Turkic Buddhist monarchy. Most of these historical documents are in the Old Uighur script with extensive information on the socio-economic system of the ancient Turkic states, the relationships between people, trade and legal systems.These official documents contain wealthy land owners’ business forms, farmers’ and ordinary peoples’ papers on saling and buying, slaves’ complaints about their owners’, rental papers’, the notes on freedom, statements of the wealthy slave owners and many others. All of the mentioned manuscripts have proof of an established state’s political system, a formal etiquette of the landowners, the conceptualization of the rule of law, a high-developed social rights’ system, and a strong established court system.This article presents ancient Turkich official documents found in Turf which are studied stylistically. These documents are important in historical monuments in Turkic written literary language. They serve as a reliable material in the study of historical formation and development of the Turkish official style.
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Zh. Belassarova. "SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASES IN THE OLD TURKIC LANGUAGE." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 75, no. 1 (2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.1728-7804.04.
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The article deals with the categories of cases in the Turkic languages. Turkic languages consist of applications such as suffixes and endings , according to their belonging to the group of connected languages. In the ancient Turkic script, there is a category of existing kinship, among the Turkic languages that are being updated and used today. However, due to historical and geographical changes, it is obvious that the neighboring countries have not suffered in terms of language. Despite the fact that the historical path of development and the nature of the formation of declensions in the Kazakh language is identical to other Turkic languages, there is a partial difference. It can be said that Kazakh scientists have deeply studied the system of declension and its semantic and personal nature. Special attention in the Kazakh language is paid to the formal system of cases, in the works of M. Tomanov the semantic structure of cases is analyzed. The article analyzes this issue in detail.
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Qarizada, Matin Shekiba, and Monisa Sadat. "THE ROLE OF MAHMOUD KASHGHARI IN ANCIENT TURKIC LINGUISTICS." Eurasian Journal of Academic Research 1, no. 4 (2021): 176–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5164066.
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This article examines the role of ancient written sources in the emergence of the Old Turkic literary language. Our written heritage has an ancient and rich history, and its comprehensive study based on primary sources is more relevant today than ever. Regardless of how much the research carried out in this area to date has enriched the treasury of our linguistics, we still have a lot of work on the ancient Turkic language and classical texts in this language.
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Zhiyembay, B. S., А. R. Mayemerova, and G. Т. Zhiyembayeva. "Historical development of the genitive case in the language of the Armenian-Qypchak monuments." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 143, no. 2 (2023): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2023-143-2-263-272.
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The heritage, written in the Qypchak language with Armenian graphics, is based on religion, literature, history, law, philosophy, natural sciences and covers the political, economic, historical and cultural spheres of life. Since the 20th century, the Armenian-Qypchak heritage, which has become the subject of close study by scientists, has been published in foreign publications, transcribed, updated with dictionaries and translations. At present, scientists clearly feel the need for a deeper study of the linguistic features of the Armenian-Qypchak heritage, which laid the foundation for various scientific judgments and views.The category of case is one of the relevant and diverse topics in the theoretical grammar of the Turkic languages. The study of this grammatical category is closely connected with the historical study of the Turkic languages and originates from the language of ancient monuments. Based on the works of scientists, the article defines the historical genesis of the category of case, including the genitive case, systematically analyzes their endings in ancient Turkic, medieval monuments, Armenian-Qypchak monuments and modern Turkic languages. The article was written within the framework of the scientific project AP13068438 “Universal and special in the language of the Armenian-Qypchak monuments.”
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Vasilev, I. Yu, and K. T. Kirillina. "Structural-semantic characteristics of the terms of meteorology and landscape of the Turkish and Yakut languages (comparatively with the ancient Turkic language)." Altaistics, no. 2 (July 10, 2024): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/2782-6627-2024-2-35-45.
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The article examines the connections between the structural and semantic correspondences of th e terms of meteorology and landscape vocabulary of the Turkish and Yakut languages in comparison with the ancient Turkic language. Lexical correspondences are divided into lexical-semantic groups: “Heavenly bodies”, “Soil, landscape”. The quantitative relationship between the Turkish and Yakut languages, as well as their representation in the ancient Turkic language, is analyzed, and a comparative analysis of the semantic stability and variability of correspondences in relation to the Turkish, Yakut and ancient Turkic languages is carried out. The semantic characteristics of lexical units are given separately according to structural types. The relevance of the article is the insufficient knowledge of the problem and connections of the Yakut language with Turkish, with which it had family ties in the early period of its development. Goal: to identify lexical parallels of the Yakut and Turkish languages, describe their structural and semantic features, determine the relationship of Yakut with Turkish. Thus, the article sets the following objectives: identifying lexical correspondences between the terms of meteorology and landscape vocabulary of the Yakut, Turkish and ancient Turkic languages; determining the stability and variability of the structural forms of Yakut lexemes in relation to Turkish and ancient Turkic forms; establishing the degree of stability and variability of the semantic-thematic meanings of the nominal stems of the terms of meteorology and landscape vocabulary of the Turkish language in relation to the Yakut forms. The methodological basis of the study was compiled by the works of domestic and foreign scientists: O. N. Böhtlingk, V. V. Radlov, S. E. Malov, A. N. Kononov, N. A. Baskakov, E. V. Sevortyan, B. A. Serebrennikov, E. R. Tenishev, G. Dörfer, E. I. Ubryatova, K. M. Musaev, A. M. Shcherbak, N. Z. Gadzhieva, V. M. Nasilov, V. M. Nadelyaev, S. Kaluzhinsky, V. I. Rassadin, I. V. Kormushin, A. V. Dybo, O. A. Mudrak, A. G. Shaikhulov, N. N. Shirobokova, G. G. Levin, and others. The main methods of work were continuous sampling method when selecting material from dictionaries and monographic works, comparative method when comparing material from different languages, descriptive-analytical method, including comparison, description and generalization, interpretation. The comparative historical method and the method of statistical analysis were partially applied.
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SADIKOV, KASIMJON. "The help of letters published in the work "Xuan-Tszan Kechmishi" is a classic of the Turkish epistolary genre quality samples." Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies 03, no. 03 (2022): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/os/vol-01issue-03-01.
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The biography of Suan-Tsang is an important and valuable work of ancient Chinese and Turkish literary and cultural relations. In the early Middle Ages, the spread of Buddhism in Central Asia developed cultural, literary, and linguistic relations between the Turkic peoples and the peoples of the East. The work was translated from Chinese into ancient Turkic during those times. His translator, Singqu Seli Tudun, was a prominent writer of his time, a great Buddhist scholar and scholar of the Chinese language. In the process of translation, he took full advantage of the Turkic language and introduced the wonderful work to Turkic literature.
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Shirobokova, Natalia N., and Baylak Ch Oorzhak. "Tuvan and Yakut Languages: Search for Phonetic and Grammatical Correspondences." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-43-54.
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In various classifications, the relations between Siberian Turkic languages are defined in different ways: according to some researchers, these relations are a result of convergence of Turkic groups of varying genesis on Sayan-Altai. Other view the development of Siberian Turkic languages as a ‘tree’; this concept is found in comparative Turkic grammars. On the basis of this concept, we analyze the relations between the Yakut, Tuvan, and Tof languages, which are viewed as a branch of the Siberian Turkic tree in the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Turkic Languages. In this article, we study the formation of the opposition of voiced consonants. We believe that in Tuvan, and especially in Tof, the ancient triple opposition of voiced consonants is preserved. The system of correlations between the qualities of vowels and consonants in Tuvan and Yakut suggests that in Yakut, there used to be a broader system of voiced consonants. The qualities of preceding vowels depended on consonant qualities (strong/weak), and in Yakut, they became stable (as long / short vowels). In Yakut, short vowels correspond to Tuvan pharyngealized vowels, and the presence or absence of pharyngealization depends on the qualities of consonants. In Yakut, consonant qualities were transferred to vowel qualities, and at a certain point, the system of consonants became more simplified, but the ancient triple opposition of consonants may be reconstructed for the Yakut language on the basis of Tuvan and Tof. We also analyze the system of participles and finite forms based on them. In Yakut, the ancient participle forms are mostly preserved, while in Tuvan, they exist at the periphery of the verb system. In Tuvan, there are strong traces of Kipchak languages; for example, the most typical Kipchak affix =ган is completely absent in Yakut. Therefore, we may see that different language levels (phonetic and morphological) develop with varying speed. In Yakut, the phonetic system evolved rapidly, while the morphological system preserved the most important Ancient Turkic forms; in Tuvan, some aspects of the ancient consonat system were preserved, while the system of participles changed in significant ways, absorbing the =ган form.
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Shirobokova, Natalia N., and Baylak Ch Oorzhak. "Tuvan and Yakut Languages: Search for Phonetic and Grammatical Correspondences." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-43-54.
Full textAbstract:
In various classifications, the relations between Siberian Turkic languages are defined in different ways: according to some researchers, these relations are a result of convergence of Turkic groups of varying genesis on Sayan-Altai. Other view the development of Siberian Turkic languages as a ‘tree’; this concept is found in comparative Turkic grammars. On the basis of this concept, we analyze the relations between the Yakut, Tuvan, and Tof languages, which are viewed as a branch of the Siberian Turkic tree in the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Turkic Languages. In this article, we study the formation of the opposition of voiced consonants. We believe that in Tuvan, and especially in Tof, the ancient triple opposition of voiced consonants is preserved. The system of correlations between the qualities of vowels and consonants in Tuvan and Yakut suggests that in Yakut, there used to be a broader system of voiced consonants. The qualities of preceding vowels depended on consonant qualities (strong/weak), and in Yakut, they became stable (as long / short vowels). In Yakut, short vowels correspond to Tuvan pharyngealized vowels, and the presence or absence of pharyngealization depends on the qualities of consonants. In Yakut, consonant qualities were transferred to vowel qualities, and at a certain point, the system of consonants became more simplified, but the ancient triple opposition of consonants may be reconstructed for the Yakut language on the basis of Tuvan and Tof. We also analyze the system of participles and finite forms based on them. In Yakut, the ancient participle forms are mostly preserved, while in Tuvan, they exist at the periphery of the verb system. In Tuvan, there are strong traces of Kipchak languages; for example, the most typical Kipchak affix =ган is completely absent in Yakut. Therefore, we may see that different language levels (phonetic and morphological) develop with varying speed. In Yakut, the phonetic system evolved rapidly, while the morphological system preserved the most important Ancient Turkic forms; in Tuvan, some aspects of the ancient consonat system were preserved, while the system of participles changed in significant ways, absorbing the =ган form.
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Andirova, Alina, and Abai Kairzhanov. "THE CATEGORY OF BELONGING AND POSESSIVE THINKING ANCIENT TURKS (based on runic written monuments)." LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: THEORY AND PRACTICE 162, LANGUAGE, LITERATURE (2024): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52301/2957-5567-2024-3-2-9-27.
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The proposed article substantiates the possessive thinking of the ancient Turks and explores the category of belonging in various texts of the Old Turkic language, formed by synthetic morphological means, that is, through possessive affixes. On the basis of various researches of scientists, the authors indicate the relevance of the subject of possessive constructions in the ancient Turkic language, as affixes of belonging have “inalienable” properties of belonging, inherent only to the Turkic worldview of the most ancient times. Despite the extensive research on possessive forms, there are types of possessiveness that require more detailed study. This is necessary to enrich theoretical 27Том 3, No2, 2024 Язык и литература: теория и практикаISSN 2957-5567 (Print) 2957-5575 (Online)and historical data on the main pathways of formation and reasons for their emergence, grammatical methods of their formation, and their use as a means of expressing syntactic relationships. The authors have set the goal of the research to identify the peculiarities of possessive thinking among ancient Turks, as reflected in possessive affixes, and to examine how both the person and number of the subject of “inalienable” possession are expressed. The analysis focuses on the specific feature of the worldview of the nomads of the Great Steppe, which is linked to the means of expressing possession that emerged through grammatical reflection and has been preserved in all modern Turkic languages. On the empirical material of runic written monuments, the nature of origin and functioning of affixes of belonging in the Old Turkic language is revealed
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Yusufkhanova, Nargiz Ali. "Turkic Borrowings in Russian." Studia Orientalne 27, no. 3 (2023): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/so2023304.
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The vocabulary of any functioning language consists of original and borrowed words. The Russian language is no exception. Turkic borrowings form a significant layer of the vocabulary of the Russian language, filling it with meanings that are of great scientific interest both in philological terms and as a subject for ethnographic and historical research. In order to more accurately define the boundaries of the term “Turkism”, corresponding to the true origin of words, all Turkisms are divided into primordial and historical. The connection of languages of different systems is a historical process based on historical, cultural and interstate relations, scientific and technological progress, the development of scientific areas, etc. The mutual influence of languages is an integral part of the historical, cultural, political and sociological process. Thus, the language reflects emerging innovations and enriches itself by borrowing words from other languages. The vocabulary of any functioning language is made up of native and borrowed words. The Russian language is no exception. Turkic borrowings form a significant layer of the vocabulary of the Russian language, filling it with meanings that are of great scientific interest not only in philological terms but also as a subject for ethnographic and historical research. The connection between the Russian and Turkic peoples that arose since ancient times, their close contact, due to territorial proximity and the vital need to maintain trade and economic relations, demanded from the peoples who speak these languages a practical knowledge of the languages of their neighbours.
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Huseyin, Yildiz. "Naming China in Ancient Turkish Texts: notes on tabgaç/tavgaç, kitań and çin." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 129, no. 3 (2023): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2023-3/2664-0686.04.
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The Chinese, the oldest neighbors and enemies of the Turks in ancient times, are one of the peoples who left the deepest trace in the Turkic culture. The names used in ancient Turkic texts for the Chinese who ruled dynasties also differ depending on the periods and dynasties. The most commonly used of these names are tabgaç/tavgaç, kitań and çin (tabgach/tavgach, kitan and chin). The first two of these words refer to the Turkic Khaganate, and the third is partially found in ancient Turkic texts dating back to the ancient Uighur period.In the Old Turkic period, which lasted from the VI to the XIII centuries, the I Turkic Khaganate (Kekturk), II Turkic Khaganate (Kutluk), Orkhun-Uygur Khaganate, Kansu-Uygur Khanate, Khojo-Uygur Khanate, Turkic Khakanate (Karakhanid), Western Turkic Khakanate and Eastern Turkic Khakanate ruled. The equivalents of this period in the history of China are the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–581/589), the Sui Dynasty (581–618), the Tang Dynasty (618–907), the Five Dynasties Ten Kingdoms (907–960) and the Song Dynasty (960–1279). For this reason, in ancient Turkic texts related to China, one of these Chinese dynasties should be indicated in the designations, depending on the period of the text.In this study, textual assessments of the origin, derivatives and use of names related to the Chinese in the ancient Turkic language will be carried out on the basis of the words tabgaç/tavgaç, kitań and çin.
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Suyundukovna, Akmanova Rimma. "Features of the origin of phytonyms in the Bashkir language and its dialects." Turkic Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (2022): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-1-109-117.
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The article describes phytonyms in the modern Bashkir language and its dialects. Based on the material of the botanical Turkic dictionaries of phytonyms, Bashkir bilingual dictionaries, dialectological dictionaries and the ancient Turkic dictionary, phytonyms are classified into thematic groups: herbs, including medicinal ones, trees and their anatomy, shrubs, berries and flowers. The author identifies the origin of phytonyms, noting that the etymology of Bashkir phytonyms is explained by different reasons. The name of the trees depends on their functional significance, age and myth-making and spiritual beliefs of the Turkic peoples. The name of the flowers is related to the color scheme, places of growth, natural features and etc. Important in the article is the lexical-semantic and word-formation analysis of phytonyms, the continuity of their semantic connection with the Old Turkic and other Turkic languages. In the context of this, the author carries out a comparative analysis of phytonyms in the Bashkir, Tatar, Kazakh, Turkish, Uzbek and other languages, revealing their common Turkic communities and origins. In word-formation analysis, attention is paid to the meanings of formants and new derivatives of phytonyms. The variety of phytonyms in Bashkir dialects is especially noted.It should be noted that a rich vocabulary associated with phytonyms has been preserved in the Bashkir language and its dialects. The bulk of the Bashkir phytonyms has a general Turkic feature, which confirms, firstly, their old Turkic origin and connection with the ancient Turkic culture; secondly, it verifies the originality of plant names. The old origin and originality of the names of trees, bushes, berry and flowering plants indicate the richness of the vocabulary of the Bashkir language, many of which appeared as a result of lexical and semantic comprehension of the surrounding nature.
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Mustafayeva, A. A. "Ежелгі түркі жазба ескерткіштеріндегі бірқатар діни тұжырымдарының іске асуы". BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 139, № 2 (2022): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2022-139-2-202-211.
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The Ancient and medieval Turkic monuments affecting language, history, religion, mentality, and other key issues of the Turkic peoples have great importance in the Turkic studies. The samples of the ancient Turkic heritage engraved on the stone represents a whole treasure that 210 has not yet been fully explored. In addition to the historical and archaeological value of these stones, there is no doubt that they can provide information about the spiritual culture of the Turkic peoples of that time, including their way of life, customs, and religious beliefs. The article considers several religious concepts that existed in the ancient Turkic society. They are an integral part of its religious beliefs. Compared to the medieval written monuments, ancient Turkic inscriptions are based on the "eternal stones" of the Turkic kagans. The main purpose of writing on stones is to pass on from generation to generation and preserve this message addressed to the Turkic peoples. However, the cracks that appeared on the sites led researchers to different conclusions, and also contributed to the formation of several versions of the translations. When studying the ancient Turkic monuments in Kazakh Turkology, first of all, the article considers the small and large inscriptions in honor of Kultegin, as well as the inscription in honor of Tonyukuk. The significance of the religion is described in the first lines of the two inscriptions of Kultegin, where the kagan begins with the name of the Creator “Tengri like and Tengri born” and “When the blue sky is above” (in the meaning Tengri). It should be noted that the word “Tengri”, which is also found in the medieval Turkic sources, goes back precisely to the ancient Turkic writings. The study examines concepts such as Tengri, Umai, eternity, death, and the nature of humanity
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Muratova, Rimma T. "THE ORIGIN AND LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ERAN ‘RED’ COLOR DESIGNATION IN THE BASHKIR LANGUAGE." Proceedings of the UFRC RAS. Series: History. Philology. Culture 1, no. 2 (2024): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31833/sifk/2024.1.2.020.
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The article examines the origin, historical development and semantics of the word yeran ‘red’ in the Bashkir language. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in Bashkir linguistics, this color designation is subjected to a comprehensive etymological, comparative historical, and lexico-semantic analysis. During the scientific analysis, it was revealed that the yeran ‘red’ lexeme is characterized by an ancient origin: scientists have restored its proto-Turkic (*jẹgre-n ‘red (about the color of a horse); deer, gazelle, antelope’), proto-Altai (*negre ‘type of deer’) forms. It is established that the first fixation of the word falls on the ancient Turkic period. The word is found in almost all Turkic languages in the meaning of ‘red color of a horse or other animals’, in Kipchak – in the designation of red hair, mustache, beard, in some Turkic languages – as the names of animals ‘roe deer, gazelle, antelope’ (‘roe deer’, ‘gazelle’, ‘antelope’). It is assumed that jagren ‘chestnut’ in the Turkic languages originally meant the color of the horse’s skin, over time the semantics of the word expanded – it began to be applied to the color of human hair, then gradually to all objects of reddish color, reddish hue. In Bashkir, eran, like the reflexes *jẹgre-n in many Turkic languages, functions in the meanings of ‘red (about the suit, about the hair, mustache, beard)’. Related lexemes are found in other Altaic languages: in Korean and Tungusic-Manchurian languages, they are used in the meanings of ‘roe deer’, ‘vazhenka (female reindeer)’. In the Mongolian and Tungusic-Manchu languages, the meaning of the word ‘red horse color’ is a Turkic loan. The Turkic word entered the Russian language as well: Igreny ‘light red (about horse color)’.
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Railevna, Valieva Madina. "Dialect names of dishes dating back to the Altai era." Turkic Studies Journal 4, no. 2 (2022): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-2-35-47.
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This article discusses the Altai layer of names of dishes in the etymological aspect. The established volume of the article does not allow to analyze all the names of household vessels of 47М.Р. Валиева Turkic Studies Journal 2 (2022) 35-47the Bashkir language dating back to the Altaic era, therefore, polysemantic lexemes were chosen – ыҙыс/ыҙас ‘dishes’, күнәк ‘milk pail; bucket’, ҡупы ‘small bowl; bowl’, ҡap ‘bag, sack (matting); box, container, receptacle, case; cup, vessel; pod, shell, coating, rind, skin, scales (of reptiles); placenta’ and other cognates that refer to this ancient lexical stratum of the Turkic languages. Comparative historical studies, lexico-semantic, semantic-structural and etymological analyzes of the names of containers make it possible to discover ancient roots and foundations dating back to the reconstructed Altai forms, which are contained in the well-known dictionary of S.A. Starostin, A.V. Dybo, O.A. Mudrak «An Etymological Dictionary of Altaic Languages». Structurally, many household terms consist of monosyllabic and disyllabic roots. The Bashkir layer itself was formed on the basis of the ancient Turkic vocabulary, phonetic transitions, changes and derivational potential of the Bashkir language. Research on the original forms and etymons of modern names of dishes ыҙыс/ыҙас, күнәк, ҡупы, ҡапmade it possible to establish a chronological connection between the ancient Turkic, Proto-Turkic, Altai forms: ыҙыс < *ïðïš < *ēdiĺ ‘ware’; kүnәk < *kȫjnek ‘bucket, vessel’ < *k ̔ōńi – ‘ladle’; ҡap // ҡab(ы) // ҡуп(ы) < *qav, *kab and the Proto-Altaic form *k ̔àp ̔à in the meanings ‘box, package, chest, bag, vessel, dugout hollow tree, dugout boat’.Also the article pays special attention to the description of various areal and dialect semantics, everyday functions and forms of vessel names, which are recorded and stored in the card stock of the Linguistics Department of the Order of the Badge of Honor of the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and are also presented in the consolidated «Dialectological Dictionary of the Bashkir Language» (see lit.). In addition, various dictionaries of the Turkic, Mongolian and Finno-Ugric languages, various dialectological studies, reports, scientific works on ethnography, folklore and multi-volume books of Bashkir folk art were used as comparative material.
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İsmayilova, Mirvari. "ROLE OF MODERN TURKISH ALPHABETS WITH LATIN SCRIPT IN TEACHING AZERBAIJANI, UZBEK AND OTHER TURKIC LANGUAGES." Uzbekistan: language and culture 1, no. 5 (2024): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.aphil.2024.1.5/frjq9194.
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History of writing culture, which presented by Turkic people to human culture is very ancient.Existence of an alphabet with ancient history in Azerbaijan confirmed by science.But, when the Arabs conquered the Turkic world, ancient and historical national alphabet of Turks - the writing culture was lost.Alphabet with Arabic graphic served to the language and culture of Tukic peoples over the centuries.But, absence of special sighns reflecting the vowels of Turkish languages in Arabic alphabet , writing several sounds with one sighn in using as Turkic languages alphabet, always created difficulties.Therefore, changing the Arabic alphabet had became a necessity.One of the first initiators of changing Arabic alphabet was Azerbaijani thinker M.F.Akhundov. Later, other Turkic peoples, who was used Arabic alphabet, were supporters of changing the alphabet.After restoration of independence, again, ideas about chanching the conversion of alphabet to Latin , widely increased. The main goal was idea of creating the common Turkish alphabet for the Turkic peoples.Because of this, analyzing of the Latin alphabet,which had been adopted individual Turkic peoples was need.
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Kenzhebaev, D., and D. Abdullaev. "Sogdian Archetypes in Chatkal Oronymy as an Ancient Substrate of Toponyms of Central Asia." Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, no. 1 (2022): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/74/45.
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The relevance of studying the oronymy of the Chatkal area of Kyrgyzstan is associated with the fact that many mountain names are well preserved in sound and semantic terms. This factor is an important condition for studying the retrospective of any language, including the Turkic languages too. Also, in the sound shells of mountain names, despite their deep antiquity, long disappeared elements of languages that are in contact in the same linguistic area in the deep past have survived. As part of the mountain names of the Chatkal zone of the mountain ranges of Kyrgyzstan, individual morphemes and sounds of the ancient Turkic languages have been preserved, and at the same time, East Iranian topolexemes of the Indo-European language family are found. At the same time, the structure of oronyms to some extent shows the evolution of the language as a whole and of each tier in it - in particular. The history of the Kyrgyz language and its interaction with various systemic linguistic structures are reflected in the stratigraphy of oronymy. This allows you to explore the historical plan of the Turkic languages in more depth in the diachronic sense.
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Akramovna, Abduvalieva Dilnoza. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF TURKISH LEXEMAS USED IN THE OLD UZBEK LITERARY LANGUAGE TO THE ANCIENT TURKISH LANGUAGE PERIOD." American Journal of Philological Sciences 4, no. 3 (2024): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume04issue03-10.
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One of the main tasks today is to convey the spiritual and material heritage that has been handed down from our ancestors for centuries to the present generation, and to research them on a scientific basis. The only scientific way to historically study anylanguage phenomenon is to identify similarities, differences and innovations between the two based on primary sources and comparing the language of written monuments. Alisher Navoi's works such as "Tarihi anbiyo va hukamo" and "Tarihi muluki Ajam" are among such unique works. This article provides detailed information about the relation of Turkic lexemes used in the above-mentioned works to the period of the ancient Turkic language.
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Boboyorov, G'aybulla. "On preservation of words from “Diwan Luγat at-Turk” in Uzbek dialects". Golden scripts 4, № 2 (2022): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.gold.2022.2/onvx9487.
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The article focuses on the level of preservation of several dozen words mentioned in Mahmud Kashgari’s “Diwan Luγat at-Turk” (Dictio-nary of Turkic words) in the Uzbek language and dialects. The Uzbek lan-guage includes dialects such as Qarluq, Kipchak, and Oghuz, each of which has preserved the old Turkic words from “Diwan” to one degree or another. One of the unique aspects of the Uzbek language is that it has three main dialects, that these branches have been continuously mixed for many еars, and on the other hand, that it has had a written literary language for almost a thousand еars, the ancient words of our language motivated to preserve it somewhat better. Also, the fact that all three networks are somewhat farfrom their old core has led to the preservation of their old differences. Uz-bek language is one of the languages with the most preserved words from “Divan” and there are many other factors, one of them is one of the oldest written Turkic languages of our language, “Haqaniya Turkic”, i.e. he is a follower of literary Turkic during the Karakhanids.
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Smagulova, Guldarhan. "Turkic language picture of the world in phraseological units." Turkic Studies Journal 2, no. 1 (2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/tsj.01-2020/2-8.
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The article considers the semantic features of phraseological units in the language picture of the Turkic world. The phraseological foundation in any Turkic language is a mirror of the nation’s life. The whole life of the tradition, the system of values of the people is gathered here. The fund of cognitive knowledge of Turkic-speaking peoples 64ISSN 2664-5157. Turkic Studies Journal, Number 1, Volume 2, 2020Guldarhan Smagulova replenishes each other. Since the world of shared values, stereotypical skills and cultural lifestyles and their similarities in religion are based on a holistic mental space. The image of this integrity is collected and preserved through the cumulative quality of the language, and proves the cultural identity in the past way of life of the Turkic peoples. At the same time, the cultural interpretation of Turkic phraseology and paremiology has of particular importance. Today the phraseology of the Turkic languages is a comprehensive object of research and its scientific results are based on anthropocentric approaches. One nation- one language. Only ethnolinguistic and linguo-cultural studies can analyze the ethnic content of images preserved in the language and the differences between the Turkic world and other nations. Ethnic culture is the most ancient layer, the primitive basis of national culture. The traditions and customs of this layer reflect the commonness and similarity of the Turkic culture. Therefore, the general vocabulary in the fund of the Turkic languages, identical phraseological units, linguistic traces of cultural rhemes in the history of the ethnic group, and common subjects in our literature require scientific analysis.
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Burykin, Alexis A. "NEW PERSPECTIVE OF TURKIC-MONGOLIAN AND TURKIC-TUNGUS-MANCHU LEXICAL LINKS: THE ALTAIC THEORY POSSIBILITIES FOR REVEALING ANCIENT LANGUAGE CONTACTS." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 4 (2018): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/24107190_2018_4_4_5_26.
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During 150 years history of Altaic studies, no contradictions arose while discussing the issues concerning the common origin of languages, language contact results and their further consequences, as well as the stratum of borrowed linguistic units into different levels of the language. Such studies performed various tasks within the framework of Altaic theory dwelling on a traditional idea of the Altaic languages affinity. However, there were certain attempts to reconsider this idea within the framework of counter-Altaic theory. The present paper performed 4 tasks. First, it explained not quite regular phonetic correspondences in certain words and drew parallels at the common Altaic level. Second, it showed that a considerable amount of quite similar words in Tungus-Manchu and partly Mongolian and Turkic languages are old borrowings that do not fit into traditional assumptions about areal links of Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus-Manchu languages. Third, it determined a corpus of lexical units that can be considered a result of the influence of already disappeared ancient Mongolian and Turkic languages on the lexical fund of Tungus-Manchu ones. Finally, it confirmed the validity of common Altaic reconstruction again and showed that without analyzing ancient borrowings, it is totally impossible to explain a number of important facts from the history of Turkic languages.
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Sarimova, Bonu Shukhrat kizi. "STEP-BY-STEP DEVELOPMENT OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE." SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY 1, no. 6 (2022): 37–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7329370.
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The Uzbek people are one of the most ancient peoples of Central Asia. Its formation dates back over 3,000 years. Its formation is closely connected with the formation of the national language. The Uzbek language belongs to the family of Turkic languages.
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Espenbetov, E. U., A. Sh Khabibrakhmanov, and G. S. Aliaskarov. "Kagan bitig based on ancient Turkic runic writing." Altaistics, no. 2 (July 10, 2024): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/2782-6627-2024-2-17-26.
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There are more than 30 countries in the world that have their own unique writing system. The Turkic peoples also had an autochthonous writing system however due to its “obscurity” not only foreign tourists traveling to modern countries and cities with a predominantly autochthonous Turkic-speaking population, but also the majority of speakers of Turkic languages are not aware of the original written heritage and the presence of ancient Turkic runes (hereinafter referred to as “TR”) because Latin, Cyrillic and Arabic are widely used. For example, a person located in Japan, South Korea, China, Georgia, Armenia, Greece, the UAE and Israel, thanks to signs and inscriptions on their unique symbols (shops, restaurants, products, menus, etc.) can immediately detect live confirmation cultural and historical identity of the country. Unfortunately, not only in the Republic of Sakha, but also in other Turkic countries and regions of the world, the Orkhon-Yenisei script is still not considered as an important element of cultural heritage. At the end of 2021 according to various estimates there were no more than 300 people in the world who knew the basics of ancient Turkic runic writing (Turkic runes, Orkhon-Yenisei writing) and no more than 100 actively using it in everyday life (mostly citizens of retirement age). After gaining independence, in many Turkic-speaking countries, interest in the written heritage of the era of the Great Turkic Khaganate gradually increases but previously there was no single center or museum completely dedicated to Turkic runic writing. In national and regional museums and libraries, only individual exhibits are presented in the main collections. 80% of documents, monuments and other types of intangible heritage are in museum storage due to lack of space for their display. Turkic runes (in ancient Turkic: “Bitig”) are a unique heritage of the Turkic superethnos, along with language, ornament, music, traditional national clothing and cuisine. This writing system is a living testimony to historical experience and an indicator of a high level of cultural development, as well as the far-sighted policy of our ancestors, who used this writing since the 6th century to establish and expand cultural and economic ties not only among the peoples of the Great Steppe, but also throughout most of the center of Eurasia. In 2021 a center for the study of Turkic writing “Turk Tengri” was opened in Almaty and Kazan within the walls of which over 20,000 people were trained using the author’s methodology of Yespenbetov / Khabibrakhmanov “Turkic runic for beginners” [1, p. 36]. Thanks to the study of runics most people interested in the culture and traditions of the peoples of the Turkic group of languages can get direct access to the original information left by the ancient Turks more than 1,000 years ago.
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Құрманбайұлы, Шерубай, та Марлен Әділов. "ҚАРЖЫ-САУДА ЛЕКСИКАНЫҢ СЕМАНТИКАЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ: ҚОР, ҚҰН ЖӘНЕ ТАУАР СӨЗДЕРІ". Батыс Қазақстан инновациялық-технологиялық университетінің Хабаршысы 31, № 3 (2024): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.62724/202430207.
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The richness of the vocabulary of the Kazakh language can be traced in the abundance and diversity of the vocabulary. Especially the large number of words related to finance and economics in the Kazakh language indicates that the Kazakh people have long been well versed in economics and finance. Among the Turkic peoples and languages, the Kazakh language is distinguished by the rich variety of skins and wool, a variety of names for clothing, food, ores, minerals, expensive fabrics, materials, jewelry and the preservation of words of indigenous Turkic origin. The article analyzes the terms and individual names of the financial and economic sphere used in the active vocabulary of the Kazakh language. The very first meaning and etymology of some financial, economic and trade terms in the Kazakh language is given on the basis of data from modern Turkic languages, starting from ancient and medieval Turkic written monuments. Materials from unrelated languages were also used for semantic connections between words and for additional evidence. In this research paper, among the Kazakh financial and economic vocabulary, native words are presented, mainly common to the Turkic languages. In particular, the history of semantic change of active words such as “kor”, “kun” and “tauar” is considered, conclusions about their origin are made.
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Huseynova, M. "Language contacts of Azerbaijani and Kazakh turkic languages (on the basic of Azerbaijanian dialectologist, academician Mammadaga Shiraliyev’s creative works)." Turkic Studies Journal 1, no. 2 (2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/tsj.02-2019/2-4.
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Turkic literary languages or dialects have very long common roots, and despite various political and geographical differences, these native languages have preserved their ancient roots, vocabulary, grammatical structure, and phonetic features. Even today, the carriers of these languages can easily understand each other in a common language. Dialectological studies while speaking of the phonetic features of Turkish dialects and language varieties traditionally refer to both vowel and consonant displacements and phonetic laws. The works, monographs and articles written by scholars of Turkic peoples are also mentioned when we talk about the idea of forming a common Turkic language in our modern age. M. Shiraliyev correctly points out that on the one hand our ancient written monuments, works of our writers of the past, and on the other hand materials of the Turkic languages, help to identify phonetic events and to refine their forms. In this regard, the works of the great Azerbaijani dialectologist and Turkish scientist, academician Mammadaga Shirali oglu Shiraliyev are of great importance. The researcher made a number of words that are typical for the Turkic languages and dialects, giving a comparatively phonetic explanation. The scientist has researched specific phonetic phenomena and laws in the dialects and varieties of the Azerbaijani language and has also touched upon the integration of Kazakh language and dialects when it comes to location. M. Shiraliyev did not exclude the specific features of the numerous words used in dialects and dialects of the Azerbaijani language, compared with the literary language and dialects of the Kazakh Turkish, revealed the similarities and differences with the skills of a true dialectologist. Here, too, there were positive results.It is also clear that not only Azerbaijani dialectologists, linguists, but also world Turkology scholars have benefited and will benefit from the work of academician M.Shiraliyev. M.Shiraliyev’s research on the phonetic, morphological and lexical features of dialects and dialects of the Azerbaijani and Kazakh languages is still relevant today
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Andirova, A., and A. K. Kairzhanov. "Synthetic possessive identification “I” and “Not-I” in ancient Turkic affixes of belonging." BULLETIN OF THE L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. POLITICAL SCIENCE. REGIONAL STUDIES. ORIENTAL STUDIES. TURKOLOGY SERIES 148, no. 3 (2024): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2024-148-3-265-282.
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This article examines the linguistic and historical-philosophical justification of the possessive thinking of the ancient Turks and the category of possessiveness in Turkic languages, formed by a synthetic morphological method, i.e., using possessive affixes. These affixes are genetically identical with the common Turkic means of derivation, distinguishing them from other languages, first of all, by the fact that they have "inalienable" properties of belonging, inherent only to the Turkic worldview of the most ancient times. Such an understanding of this category represents the relevance of the undertaken research. Therefore, the purpose of our article is to reveal the features of the possessive thinking of the ancient Turks, reflected in the possessive affixes and how both the person and the number of the subject of "inalienable" possession are expressed. This feature of the possessive affixes is a special feature of this category; it expresses not only the meaning of possessiveness, but also possessiveness in the broad sense of the word, formed as a result of the possessive identification of “I” and “Not-I” in the thinking of a Turkic person. The article analyzes a specific feature of the worldview of the nomads of the Great Steppe, associated with the means of expressing possessiveness, which appeared due to grammatical reflection, and preserved in all modern Turkic languages. It is determined that synthetism turned out to be the most appropriate means of expressing the meaning of possessiveness. We reveal the nature of the origin of the possessive affixes in the ancient Turkic language on the empirical material of the runic writing of the monuments of the Mountain and Southern Altai, as well as in the Orkhon-Yenisei monuments and in other single texts of the ancient Turks.
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B.A, Atabay, and Koptyleuova D.T. "Image of ancient Turkic words in Kazakh language." Journal of Oriental Studies 77, no. 2 (2016): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jos-2016-2-772.
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Zhunussova, B. A., Zh M. Baimurynov та L. M. Kuleimenova. "Бірлән шылауының қазіргі сипаты мен қызметі". Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Philology series 151, № 2 (2025): 62–77. https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-678x-2025-151-2-62-77.
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It is known that the functional word “and” is formed from the ancient Turkic particle “birlan” and is differentiated by grammatical function and meaning as a conjunction and ending. However, it is known that modern variants of the particle “birlan”, common to the Turkic peoples, have not received unambiguous recognition in the grammar of the Turkic languages. There are specific reasons for this. The article attempts to compile a systematic description of the functional words that arose from the particle “birlan”. For this purpose, the etymological works of domestic and Soviet Turkologists and specific facts in the Kazakh national literary language were analyzed. The form and function of the instrumental case in the Kazakh language were compared with the variants in other Turkic languages, and it was noted that the grammatical index of the prepositional case also exists in other Turkic languages. It is proven that in some Turkic languages, modern versions of the particle “birlan”, which changed, were formed as affixes. The similarities and differences between the conjunction and the ending “and” formed from the same genesis were shown, as well as their grammatical meanings in our modern language were systematized. It was determined in which cases in the modern language the functional word “and” becomes a conjunction, and in which cases it becomes an ending. Grammatical functions are differentiated in a more detailed way.
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Utebekov, S. "Research and Scientific Conclusions about the Linguistic and Stylistic Features of the Work ‘Divan-i Hikmet’." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 129, no. 3 (2023): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2023-3/2664-0686.01.
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In this article, the author analyzes local and foreign publications of research and scientific data on the linguistic and stylistic features of the work of Divani-i Hikmet, which is considered one of the common heritages of the Turkic peoples. In particular, he analyzes the views of scientists such as A. Vamberi, A. Nazhip, T. Mentsel, E. Bertels, A.K. Borovkov, A.N. Kononov, N. Baskakov, F.M. Koprulu, E. Rustamov, G. Aidarov, A. Kurushzhanov, M. Tomanov, K. Eraslan, M. Orazov, G. Musaev, A. Guzel, R. Syzdykova, L. Kadyrov, A. Mukhtarov, U. Sanakulov, U. Tursunov, B. Urunboev, A. Aliyev about linguistic features of hikmets. Initially, having considered the divergence of opinions regarding which branch of the Turkic languages the “Divan-I Hikmet” belongs to, the author connects this connection with the large number of versions of the monument and the fact that the versions differ from each other in content and language. Further, he notes the fact that the version of “Divan-I Hikmet”, written under Khoja Ahmed Yassawi, did not reach our days, caused controversy among scientists. Meanwhile, the author believes that the allegations that Yasawi’s hikmets were written in the ancient Turkic language or in the Karakhanid period are unfounded, and the construction of one or another branch of the modern Turkic language is the result of forgetting some features of this language or language groups. In this regard, in order to prove or disagree with the views and conclusions of some scientists, expressing his opinion, basing himself on concrete examples, he compared some phonetic, morphological and lexical and grammatical features of Divani-i Hikmet with their use in ancient monuments and modern Turkic languages.
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Saniya Serdalina. "Evolution of Kazakh and Turkish Languages in the Context of the Image of Korkyt Ata." Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature 18, no. 2 (2024): 87–105. https://doi.org/10.31436/asiatic.v18i2.3422.
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The study of modern Kazakh and Turkish languages is crucial in the context of internationalisation and globalisation, as they represent ancient Turkic cultures and national identity elements. The purpose of the study is to analyse the features of the development of the Kazakh and Turkish languages, considering the image of Korkyt Ata in the Kazakh language system. Axiomatic, comparative, and generalisation methods were used. The study reveals that the evolution of modern Turkish and Kazakh languages is a complex process that reflects the interplay between language, culture, and society. Language changes may indicate cultural shifts, including lifestyle, social interactions, and religious beliefs rooted in ancient times. The image of Korkyt Ata, present in the Kazakh language, is not just a linguistic artefact but also a deeply rooted cultural symbol. The linguistic elements used to portray him as an ancestor, wise mentor, and heroic defender form a “code” that can be understood through cultural values. Korkyt Ata’s mention in the language promotes linguistic identity, cultural heritage, and belonging to an ancient culture, especially in the context of language preservation. The practical significance of this study lies in its potential to enhance measures for preserving and strengthening the cultural heritage of Turkic-speaking communities.
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Raeva, G., and N. Ilyassova. "TURKIC WORD: VARIANTS AND MEANING." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (2020): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.61.
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The article deals with variant words in the Turkic languages. From the historical point of view the significance of synharmonic variants and parallels is in the following: the phenomenon plays a special role in a methodological aspect in order to restore ancient roots and phonemes in their previous forms. We vividly observe the fact when we compare words pronounced via forelingual vowels with words pronounced via backlingual vowels. Comparing words pronounced through forelingual vowels with words pronounced through backlingual vowels we have made the following conclusions. In the result of language development during a long period of time backlingual and midlingual vowels and consonants moved to the front part of a tongue. Indisputably this is the influence of natural conditions, the change of physical qualities of a man (height fall, constitution decrease, etc.) We have analysed hard variants of words having become softened in the Kazakh literary language or its dialects may present much more materials in this respect. Historical written memorials that reached our time prove the absence of soft pronounced sounds and the usage of their hard variants. Having researched and analysed carefully the words pronounced with soft vowels in Turkic (including Kazakh) languages we can restore almost all of them in their hard forms as in ancient Turkic because hard variants pronounced softly at present can be observed in one or other Turkic languages, their dialects, set expressions, onomastics, toponimics, historical writings, etc. This article analyzes controversial issues in the study of variant words in the Turkic languages