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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ancient world'
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1
Williams, Clemency J. "Eclipse theory in the ancient world /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3179451.
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2
Cole, Nicholas. "The ancient world in Thomas Jefferson's America." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440649.
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3
Christodoulou, D. "The hetaira in the ancient Greek world." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597665.
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This thesis is a study of the image and idea of the hetaira in Greek antiquity. I argue that the hetaira was primarily a product of classical Athenian democratic ideology, especially in terms of the construction of the Athenian politeia as an exclusive and impenetrable body. Using a wide range of sources, I relate the discourse and imagery of the hetaira to the Athenian cultural context and forms of social organisation. The image of the hetaira, I argue, belongs to a specifically democratic ideological rhetoric, and, as such, may not have been a category of identity used by the women who were actually described as hetairai. Instead, the hetaira was a strategically mobilised symbol, which acted as rhetorical 'other' to the Athenian wife. Hetairai became a highly resonant figure in the Athenian social imaginary. When democracy was effectively ended, in the late fourth century, images of hetairai, and women in general, became far more ambiguous. Conversely, I also argue that our sources present a particularly skewed perception of Athenian society, being the products of a politically active elite minority. In this sense, another aim of the thesis has been explore approaches to the study of Athenian democratic society, speculating on the other sub-cultures and discourses which may have been possible. An additional aim has been to investigate some of the assumptions, both ancient and modern, which surround the hetaira. During the Second Sophistic, the image of the hetaira was reappropriated as a specifically Athenian paradigmatic figure in an archaising discourse. These later images of the hetaira often act as a filter through which modern scholars read the classical Athenian hetaira, further complicating modern perceptions of, and the approaches to the hetaira.
4
Schmidt, Brent James. "Utopia and community in the ancient world." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303880.
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5
Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd. "Women and veiling in the ancient Greek world." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251431.
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6
Barry, Marie Porterfield. "Lesson 05: Ideal Beauty in the Ancient World." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/art-appreciation-oer/6.
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7
Mohr, Kyle A. "The Mechanics of Imperialism in the Ancient World." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1210189238.
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8
De, Souza Philip Charles. "Piracy in the Ancient World : from Minos to Mohammed." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318048/.
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This thesis is an historical analysis of the phenomenon of piracy in the ancient world from the Bronze Age to the Arab conquests. It is based on detailed examination and discussion of the ancient sources. There is a short introduction (Part One) which establishes the scope of the enquiry, defines the subject and surveys modern scholarly literature. Part Two (The Image of Ancient Piracy) consists of a study of the Greek and Latin vocabulary for piracy, and six separate studies of Classical literature, from Homer to the fourth century A.D. These studies analyze the development of the literary image of pirates and piracy, from the ambivalent attitude of the Homeric poems, to the wholly negative presentation of pirates and piracy found in the works of later writers. Part Three (War and Piracy) analyzes the early similarity between warfare and piracy, the gradual emergence of distinctions between the two, warfare as a promoter of piracy, and the involvement of pirates in warfare. Part Four (Trade and Piracy) is an analysis of the relationship between piracy and various forms of trade. The importance of piracy as both a contributor and a threat to long-distance maritime trade is analyzed, as well as the involvement of pirates in the slave trade. The link between trade and the suppression of piracy is also discussed. Part Five (The Suppression of Piracy) examines in detail attempts to suppress piracy from the Classical period to the end of the Roman Empire. Emphasis is laid upon the practical and political implications of suppression, and the relative ineffectiveness of most measures until the Late Republic and Early Principate, when piracy was suppressed with considerable success. There follows a brief statement of the general conclusions (Part Six) and suggestions for further research. One map and a bibliography are included.
9
Stremlin, Boris. "Constructing a multiparadigm world history civilizations, ecumenes and world-systems in the ancient Near East /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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10
Bowman, Michael R. "Creating the Elsewhere: Virtual Reality in the Ancient Roman World." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429644077.
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Evren, Sahan. "The Uses Of The World Soul In Plato'." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610325/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the present study is to assess the explanatory value of the concept of the World Soul in the cosmological account of Plato&rsquos Timaeus. The World Soul plays a crucial role in the account of the world of Becoming in the Timaeus and in Plato&rsquo
s philosophy of science. The World Soul explains why there is motion at all in the universe and sustains the regularity and uniformity of the motion of the celestial objects. Its constitution and the way it is generated by the Demiurge endow it an intermediary status between the world of Being and the world of Becoming. Through this status the World Soul facilitates the applicability of the items of the former world (Forms and Numbers) in the explanation of the latter, hence makes natural science possible. The appreciation of the place of the World Soul in the natural philosophy of Plato leads us to a better place to view Plato&rsquo
s contribution to ancient natural philosophy and science.
12
Strong, Rebecca Anne. "The most shameful practice temple prostitution in the ancient Greek world /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=-_7ZAAAAMAAJ.
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Gleason, Kathryn Louise. "Towards an archaeology of landscape architecture in the ancient Roman world." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359735.
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14
Ray, Nicholas Martin. "Household consumption in ancient economies : Pompeii and the wider Roman world." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8465.
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This thesis draws upon modern consumption theory to provide an interpretive research framework for examining material culture and consumer behaviour in the Roman world. This approach is applied to data from twelve Pompeian households to identify patterns of consumption, materiality, and motivations for the acquisition of commodities. Analysis of the assemblage data is performed at multiple levels comprising weighted ranking of goods and the application of Correspondence Analysis, with investigation performed on both functional categories and artefact types. Setting the results against theories of consumption and rationality, consumer choice in the ancient world is examined. From this detailed examination of twelve Pompeian houses, ‘core’ and ‘fringe’ commodities and recurring suites of goods are identified. Non-luxury goods are given particular attention as they provide information concerning the consumption of everyday utility objects. This approach also allows the evaluation of statements about the state of occupation of houses in sites such as Pompeii. The results validate this form of analysis as an important tool for assessing the role of the consumer in economies of the ancient world, moving beyond concepts of conspicuous consumption and group values. This research provides a structured interpretive framework upon which varied archaeological data can be superimposed to interrogate the motivations behind commodity acquisition. This research also raises the potential for future consumption modelling using multivariate statistics. Through the application of consumer theory to Roman data, discussion of ancient economies is shifted away from a focus on production to one of demand, choice, and sites of consumption.
15
Chapman, D. W. "Perceptions of crucifixion among Jews and Christians in the Ancient World." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597477.
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This thesis explores the variety of perceptions of crucifixion among Jews and Christians in antiquity, especially focusing on the period from Alexander the Great until Constantine. Earlier studies of crucifixion in antiquity have either concentrated on the Graeco-Roman world more broadly, or have limited themselves to discussing the thorny issue of whether certain Jews in the ancient world favoured the penalty of crucifixion. This study, in contrast, examines Jewish literature more broadly in order to demonstrate the range of general perceptions about crucifixion as a penalty. Early Christian literature is then shown to reflect awareness of, and interaction with, these Jewish perceptions. Knowledge of crucifixion in ancient Jewish communities is frequently reflected, for example, in the writings of the Qumran community, Philo, Josephus, and in early rabbinic literature. These passages are examined, as well as important references from apocryphal and pseudepigraphal literature. Special attention is also paid in this thesis to ancient Jewish interpretations of key Old Testament texts which mention human bodily suspension in association with execution; this concern has led to analyses of Septuagintal and targumic renderings, of other expansions of biblical texts, and of specific halakhic and haggadic treatments. The perceptions attested in this diverse material are then compared with the New Testament and early patristic literature. Pervious studies have rightly demonstrated how pervasive in antiquity was the view of the cross as a terrible and shameful death. This thesis provides further evidence that such views were taken in ancient Jewish communities. In addition, an attempt is made to complement this view by indicating that more positive perceptions could also be attached to crucifixion insofar as the death could be associated with the innocent sufferer or martyr as well as with latent sacrificial images. Christian literature, committed to proclaiming a crucified Messiah, betrays awareness of all these various perceptions by seeking to reject or transform negative stereotypes, or by embracing some of these more positive associations. Thus early Christian literature on the cross exhibits, to a greater degree than is commonly recognized, a reflection upon the various Jewish perceptions of the cross in antiquity.
16
Barry, Marie Porterfield. "Lesson 04: Death and Mourning in the Prehistoric and Ancient World." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/art-appreciation-oer/5.
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This lesson covers death and mourning in the prehistoric and ancient world by discussing related art and architecture including, but not limited to, Varna Necropolis, The Flood Tablet / The Gilgamesh Tablet, Ziggurat in Uruk, Royal Tombs of Ur, Great Pyramids of Giza, Tomb of King Tutankhamun, and Book of the Dead of Hunefer.
17
Tietze, Christian. "Methodische Grundlagen für die Rekonstruktion der Tempelanlage von Tell Basta." Universität Potsdam, 1994. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3289/.
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Inhalt:
1. CHARAKTER DER ANLAGE
2. AUFGABENSTELLUNG
3. ZIEL DER ARBEIT
4. ANTIKE QUELLEN
5. FORSCHUNGSGESCHICHTE
6. VERMESSUNG DER ANLAGE (Blatt 1)
7. BESTANDSAUFNAHME (Blatt 2)
8. GRABUNGSARBEITEN
8.1 Die Plana - schichtenweises Abtragen (Blätter 2, 3, 4)
8.2 Anlegen von Schnitten (Blätter 5, 6, 7)
8.3 Zeichnen der Profile (Blätter 8, 9, 10)
8.4 Beschreibung
9. ARCHITEKTURELEMENTE
9.1. Architrave (Blatt 11)
9.2. Säulenfragmente (Blatt 12)
9.3. Hohlkehlen, Steine mit dem Uräusschlangenmotiv und andere Architekturelemente (Blätter 11, 13, 14, 15)
9.4. Fundamentsteine ( Blatt 16)
10. SKULPTUREN (Blätter 17, 18, 19)
11. KLEINFUNDE (Blatt 20)
12. SONSTIGE FUNDE (Blätter 21, 22, 23)
13. KERAMIK
13.1. Vereinfachte Keramikbearbeitung (Blätter 24, 25)
13.2. Verfeinerte Methode der Keramikbearbeitung (Blatt 26)
13.3. Vollständige Keramikgefäße
14. FOTOARBEITEN
15. REKONSTRUKTION
18
Selim, Mahmud Oma, and Christian Tietze. "Tell Basta : Geschichte einer Grabung." Universität Potsdam, 1996. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3291/.
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Inhalt:
- TELL BASTA - Jahresbericht 1996
- Fünf Jahre archäologische Arbeit in der Tempelanlage von Teil Basta (Christian Tietze, Mahmud Omar Selim)
- Die Stadt Per Bastet und ihre Tempel (Mahmud Omar Selim)
19
Tietze, Christian, and El Maksoud Mohamed Abd. "Tell Basta : ein Führer über das Grabungsgelände." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4201/.
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Aus der Einleitung:
Bubastis [Tell Basta] gelangte zu einer einmaligen Berühmtheit, als es in der 22. und 23. Dynastie - unter der Herrschaft eines libyschen Herrschergeschlechts stehend - zur Hauptstadt des nördlichen Ägyptens wurde. Es war ein Ort, der schon seit dem Alten Reich durch seine Bauten, seine Feste und den Kult des heiligen Tieres des Ortes, der Katze, bekannt war.
In den letzten Jahren hat sich das Bild dieser antiken Anlage sehr verändert. Neben der Freilegung einzelner Teile der Stadt entstanden Magazine und Bauten für die Funde und für die Verwaltung sowie ein Freilichtmuseum. Neue, Aufsehen erregende Funde, wie die monumentale Statue einer Königin und das mehrsprachige Kanopus-Dekret, lassen auch in Zukunft eine lohnende Arbeit auf diesem archäologischen Gelände erwarten. So ist zu hoffen, dass die antike Stätte, ihrer einstigen Geschichte entsprechend, eine adäquate Förderung erfährt.
20
Libero, Loretana de. "Obstruktion : politische Praktiken im Senat und in der Volksversammlung der ausgehenden römischen Republik (70-49 v. Chr.)." Universität Potsdam, 1992. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4509/.
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Inhalt:
I. VERSCHLEPPUNGSMASSNAHMEN
a.) Longa Oratio
b.) Aktive und passive Art der Verschleppung
II FORMALE VERHINDERUNGSTECHNIKEN
a.) Intercession
b.) Das Aufdecken und Herbeiführen von Formfehlern
III. SAKRALE OBSTRUKTIONSMÖGLICHKEITEN
a.) Manipulationen im Kalender
b.) Servatio und Obnuntiatio
c.) Mißachtung, Verbot und gesetzliche Restriktionen
IV. VERWEIGERUNGSHALTUNG
a.) Verweigerung der Beschlußfassung durch den Gesamtsenat
b.) Boykott des Senats durch Senatoren
c.) Magistratische Verweigerung
V. KASSATION
SCHLUSSBETRACHTUNG
21
Richardson, Edmund Martin Daniel. "The failure of history : nineteenth-century Britain's pursuit of the ancient world." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611962.
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22
McCallum, Peter. "Oracular prophecy and psychology in Ancient Greek warfare." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2017. http://repository.uwtsd.ac.uk/774/.
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This thesis examines the role of oracular divination in warfare in archaic, classical and Hellenistic Greece, and assesses the extent to which it affected the psychology and military decision-making of ancient Greek poleis. By using a wide range of ancient literary, epigraphical, archaeological and iconographical evidence and relevant modern scholarship, this thesis will fully explore the role of the Oracle in warfare especially the influence of the major oracles at Delphi, Dodona,Olympia,Didyma and Ammon on the foreign policies and military strategies of poleis and their psychological preparation for war as well as the effect of oracular prophecies on a commander's decision making and tactics on the battlefield and on the psychology and reactions for soldiers before and during battle. This thesis contends that oracular prophecy played a fundamental and integral part in ancient Greek warfare and that the act of consulting the Oracles and the subsequent prognostications issued by the Oracles had powerful psychological effects on both the polis citizenry and soldiery, which in turn had a major influence and impact upon military strategy and tactics, and ultimately on the outcome of conflicts in the Ancient Greek World.
23
Posthumus, Liane. "Hybrid monsters in the Classical World : the nature and function of hybrid monsters in Greek mythology, literature and art." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6865.
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Thesis (MPhil (Ancient Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis is to explore the purpose of monster figures by investigating the relationship between these creatures and the cultures in which they are generated. It focuses specifically on the human-animal hybrid monsters in the mythology, literature and art of ancient Greece. It attempts to answer the question of the purpose of these monsters by looking specifically at the nature of manhorse monsters and the ways in which their dichotomous internal and external composition challenged the cultural taxonomy of ancient Greece. It also looks at the function of monsters in a ritual context and how the Theseus myth, as initiation myth, and the Minotaur, as hybrid monster, conforms to the expectations of ritual monsters. The investigation starts by considering the history and uses of the term “monster” in an attempt to arrive at a reasonable definition of monstrosity. In aid of this definition, attention is also given to themes that recur when considering monster beings. This provides a basis from which the hybrid monsters of ancient Greece, the centaur and Minotaur in particular, can be considered. The next section of the thesis looks into the attitudes to animals prevalent in ancient Greece. The cultural value of certain animal types and even certain body parts have to be taken account, and the degree to which these can be traced to the nature and actions of the hybrid monster has to be considered. The main argument is divided in two sections. The first deals with the centaur as challenger to Greek cultural taxonomy. The centaur serves as an eminent example of how human-animal hybrid monsters combine the familiar and the foreign, the Self and the Other into a single complex being. The nature of this monster is examined with special reference to the ways in which the centaur, as proponent of chaos and wilderness, stands in juxtaposition to the ideals of Greek civilisation. The second section consists of an enquiry into the purpose of the hybrid monster and considers the Minotaur’s role as a facilitator of transformation. The focus is directed towards the ritual function of monsters and the ways in which monsters aid change and renewal both in individuals and in communities. By considering the Theseus-myth and the role of the Minotaur in the coming-of-age of the Attic hero as well as the city of Athens itself, the ritual theory is given application in ancient Greece. The conclusion of this thesis is that hybrid monsters, as manifestations of the internal dichotomy of man and the tenuous relationship between order and chaos, played a critical role in the personal and communal definition of man in ancient Greece.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelstelling van hierdie tesis is om die sin van monsters te ondersoek deur te kyk na die verhouding wat bestaan tussen hierdie wesens en die gemeenskappe waarbinne hulle hul ontstaan het. Die tesis fokus spesifiek op die mens-dier hibriede monster in die mitologie, literatuur en kuns van antieke Griekeland. Dit probeer om tot ‘n slotsom te kom oor die bestaansrede van monsters deur te kyk na die aard van die man-perd monster. Hierdie wese se tweeledige samestelling – met betrekking tot beide sy interne en eksterne komposisie – het ‘n wesenlike bedreiging ingehou vir die kulturele taksonomie van die antieke Grieke. Die tesis kyk ook na die rol, van monsters in die konteks van rituele gebeure. Die mite van Theseus as ‘n mite met rituele verbintenisse, en die Minotaurus as hibriede monster, word dan oorweeg om te bepaal wat die ooreenstemming is met die verwagtinge wat daargestel is vir rituele monsters. Ten einde ‘n redelike definisie van monsteragtigheid daar te stel, begin die ondersoek deur oorweging te skenk aan die geskiedenis en die gebruike van die woord “monster”. Ter ondersteuning van hierdie definisie word daar ook aandag geskenk aan sekere temas wat herhaaldelik opduik wanneer monsters ter sprake kom. Dit skep ‘n basis vir die ondersoek na die hibriede monsters van antieke Griekeland, en meer spesifiek na die kentaurus en die Minotaurus. Die tesis oorweeg ook die houding van die antieke Griekse beskawing teenoor diere. Die kulturele waarde van sekere soorte diere, en selfs seker ledemate van diere, moet in ag geneem word wanneer die hibriede monsterfiguur behandel word. Aandag moet geskenk word aan die maniere waarop die assosiasies wat die Grieke met diere gehad het, oorgedra word na die aard en handelinge van die monsterfiguur. Die hoofargument van die tesis word in twee dele uiteengesit. Die eerste gedeelte behandel die kentaurus as uitdager van die kulturele taksonomie van die antieke Grieke. Die kentaurus dien as ‘n uitstekende voorbeeld van die manier waarop die mens-dier monster dit wat bekend is en dit wat vreemd is, die Self en die Ander, kombineer in een komplekse wese. Die aard van hierdie wese word ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na die maniere waarop die kentaurus, as voorstander van die ongetemde en van chaos, in teenstelling staan teenoor die ideale van die Griekse beskawing. Die tweede gedeelte vors die doel van die hibriede monster na en oorweeg die Minotaurus se rol as bevorderaar van transformasie. Hier word gefokus op die rol van die monster in ’n rituele konteks en die maniere waarop monsters verandering en vernuwing teweegbring in enkelinge sowel as in gemeenskappe. Hierdie teorie word van toepassing gemaak op antieke Griekeland deur die mite van Theseus en die rol van die Minotaurus te oorweeg binne die konteks van die proses van inburgering wat beide die held en sy stad, Athene, ondergaan. Die gevolgtrekking van hierdie tesis is dat hibriede monsters, as uitbeeldings van die interne tweeledigheid van die mens sowel as van die tenger verband tussen orde en chaos in die wêreld, ‘n noodsaaklike rol gespeel het in die persoonlike en sosiale definisie van die individu in antieke Griekeland.
24
Gallego, Llorente Marcos. "The origins and spread of the Neolithic in the Old World using ancient genomes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273458.
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One of the biggest innovations in human prehistory was the advent of food production, consisting of the ability to grow crops and domesticate animals for consumption. This wide-scale transition from hunting and gathering to food production led to more permanent settlements, and set in motion major societal changes. In western Eurasia, this revolution spread from the Near East into Europe, Africa and diverse regions of Asia. Agriculture was brought into Europe by the descendants of early Anatolian farmers starting approximately 8,000 years ago. But little was known of the people who developed agriculture in the Fertile Crescent: where they all closely related to the early Anatolian farmers, or were there multiple ethnic groups who developed agriculture in parallel? In the first data chapter, I use the first genome from a Neolithic woman from Ganj Dareh, in the Zagros Mountains (Iran), a site with evidence of early goat domestication 10,000 years ago. I showed that Western Iran wan inhabited by populations mostly similar to Hunter- gatherer populations from the Caucasus, but remarkably, very distinct from the Anatolian farmers who spread the Neolithic package into Europe. While a degree of cultural diffusion between Anatolia, Mesopotamia and the Zagros highlands likely happened, genetic dissimilarity supports a model in which Neolithic societies of that area were distinct. The second chapter deals with how Africa was affected by population movements, originating in the Near East, during the Neolithic times. Characterising genetic diversity in Africa is a crucial step for analyses reconstructing human evolution. Using Mota, an ancient genome from a male from the Ethiopian highlands, I showed a backflow into Africa by populations closely related to the Anatolian Neolithic farmers. The third chapter deals with some common problems and themes in the analysis of ancient DNA, such as merging capture datasets with diverse number of ascertained SNPs, combining capture and shotgun data in the same analysis, and the effect of UDG treatment in ancient samples. I describe the most common problems and their effect in summary statistics, and propose a guide on how to work with ancient DNA to avoid data compatibility problems.
25
Rawlings, Louis Paul. "The ethos of aristocratic warrior elites in the ancient world : historiography and history." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267285.
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Ulansey, David. "The origins of the Mithraic mysteries : cosmology and salvation in the ancient world /." New York ; Oxford : Oxford University press, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37473852n.
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27
Kozlovski, Alina. "Off the Map: The Conceptualisation of Urban Space in the Ancient Roman World." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9899.
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This thesis examines the way Romans conceptualised and navigated their urban spaces. Because this was a world where city maps were surprisingly rare, we should consider how else a city could be perceived. So many of our sources describe places based on landmarks which are not connected by named streets that ancient cities appear to be itinerant lists which jump from one destination to another. This results in urban spaces that are full of invisibilities, confusions and errors which the modern mind wants to rationalise and put back into place. I argue instead that we need to understand why the Romans accepted the situation as we find it rather than explain away an intrinsic element of our evidence. The city within texts has received a lot of attention in scholarship recently, with modern scholars such as Vasaly (1993) and Edwards (1996) who concentrate on the constructed worlds of historians, orators and poets. Archaeological remains, on the other hand, have begun to be analysed using modern urban theories in order to see tired ruins in new ways (Laurence (1994), Kaiser (2011) and others). This study combines some of the ways that these scholars have looked at both literary and archaeological sources to gain a different perspective on the study of ancient urban spaces. The focus lies with the late republican and early imperial periods where we can see the Romans using urban topography for self-identification, propaganda and ornament. By using the words, art and architecture of the ancients, we can begin to rearticulate the cities which they knew. This study is arranged in two halves which weave one story. The first half challenges our assumptions and the second attempts to recover what the ancients have left for us to see. Since we cannot escape the trappings of our own context, we must first examine what it has to offer, beginning with the way cartography has been studied and inserted into the ancient world. The next chapter looks at the city that was spoken, not written, within ancient urban navigation. After that, architecture takes us on a walk through ancient ritual. The final three chapters specific ancient contexts more closely in order to understand the invisibilities, confusions and errors which the Romans themselves accepted. With all of this combined, this thesis travels through ancient urban spaces and asks how they have been understood by the history that has remembered them.
28
Racine, Félix. "Monsters at the edges of the world : geography and rhetoric under the Roman empire." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79974.
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Descriptions of the edges of the Roman world were shaped by social preoccupations and identity issues. Living in a newly unified Roman world, the popularizing geographers of the early Empire (Strabo, Mela, Pliny) used descriptions of fictional and remote people such as the utopian Hyperboreans, the cannibal Scythians and the monstrous Dog-Heads to present customs and behaviors that were utterly un-Roman. These rhetorical descriptions helped define Roman identity through antithetical exempla. In contrast to this, the fifth and sixth centuries, the anonymous authors of legends surrounding the figure of Saint Christopher witnessed a crisis of Roman identity fostered by a new 'barbarian' presence within the Empire and by the expansion of the Christian (i.e. Roman) faith outside of the Empire. Their response was to tear down the ginary barrier between the Roman world and fictional, remote people and to proclaim the forceful Christianization of distant lands.
29
Hoogervorst, Tom Gunnar. "Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean world : combining historical linguistic and archaeological approaches." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8b47816-7184-42ab-958e-026bc3431ea3.
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This thesis casts a new light on the role of Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean World. It brings together data and approaches from archaeology and historical linguistics to examine cultural and language contact between Southeast Asia and South Asia, East Africa and the Middle East. The interdisciplinary approach employed in this study reveals that insular Southeast Asian seafarers, traders and settlers had impacted on these parts of the world in pre-modern times through the transmission of numerous biological and cultural items. It is further demonstrated that the words used for these commodities often contain clues about the precise ethno-linguistic communities involved in their transoceanic dispersal. The Methodology chapter introduces some common linguistic strategies to examine language contact and lexical borrowing, to determine the directionality of loanwords and to circumvent the main caveats of such an approach. The study then proceeds to delve deeper into the socio-cultural background of interethnic contact in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean as a whole, focusing on the oft-neglected Southeast Asian contributions to the cultural landscape of this region and addressing the nature of pre-modern contact between Southeast Asia and the different parts of the Indian Ocean Word. Following from that, the last three chapters look in-depth at the dispersal of respectively Southeast Asian plants, spices and maritime technology into the wider Indian Ocean World. Although concepts and their names do not always neatly travel together across ethno-linguistic boundaries, these chapters demonstrate how a closer examination of lexical data offers supportive evidence and new perspectives on events of cultural contact not otherwise documented. Cumulatively, this study underlines that the analysis of lexical data is a strong tool to examine interethnic contact, particularly in pre-literate societies. Throughout the Indian Ocean World, Southeast Asian products and concepts were mainly dispersed by Malay-speaking communities, although others played a role as well.
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Moore, Zachary W. "Examining Potential Tourism Impacts of World Heritage Status: An Analysis of Fort Ancient, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428069250.
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Chrubasik, Boris. "The men who would be king : kings and usurpers in the Seleukid Empire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:82c05a7a-831d-4f10-9fb0-1221ffc81c3f.
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This thesis examines usurpation in the Seleukid empire between the third and second centuries BCE. Since the title ‘usurper’ was attributed by ancient authors to defeated opponents of the Seleukid king, this study is essentially a study of constructed historical narratives. If usurpers are placed in their historical context, however, the histories of their claims to the diadem can be reconstructed. By analysing the literary and documentary evidence, chapters 2 and 3 assess the interaction between kings, usurpers and the groups within the kingdom (such as cities, dynasts and the army). More precisely, an investigation of usurpers’ strategies and the royal images they employed in their interactions with the groups within the kingdom is undertaken, and, wherever possible, the groups’ perception of and reaction to usurpers is examined. By focussing on usurpation, conclusions regarding the possibilities and limits of monarchic rule in the Seleukid kingdom, the kingship of the Seleukid rulers and the structure of the Seleukid empire can be drawn. This study argues that the Seleukid kings were in constant competition with other internal power holders, illustrating the precarious position of the Seleukid kings to sustain the monopoly of power in the empire. The dynamics between the Seleukid king and different power holders within the kingdom are demonstrated in chapter 4 in two case-studies on the Attalids of Pergamon and the Baktrian kings. Chapter 5 reviews the possibilities of usurping the diadem as well as Seleukid reaction to usurpers. The concluding section fundamentally challenges scholarship’s reassessments of the ‘strength’ of Seleukid kingdom. It is argued that it was a kingThis thesis examines usurpation in the Seleukid empire between the third and second centuries BCE. Since the title ‘usurper’ was attributed by ancient authors to defeated opponents of the Seleukid king, this study is essentially a study of constructed historical narratives. If usurpers are placed in their historical context, however, the histories of their claims to the diadem can be reconstructed. By analysing the literary and documentary evidence, chapters 2 and 3 assess the interaction between kings, usurpers and the groups within the kingdom (such as cities, dynasts and the army). More precisely, an investigation of usurpers’ strategies and the royal images they employed in their interactions with the groups within the kingdom is undertaken, and, wherever possible, the groups’ perception of and reaction to usurpers is examined. By focussing on usurpation, conclusions regarding the possibilities and limits of monarchic rule in the Seleukid kingdom, the kingship of the Seleukid rulers and the structure of the Seleukid empire can be drawn. This study argues that the Seleukid kings were in constant competition with other internal power holders, illustrating the precarious position of the Seleukid kings to sustain the monopoly of power in the empire. The dynamics between the Seleukid king and different power holders within the kingdom are demonstrated in chapter 4 in two case-studies on the Attalids of Pergamon and the Baktrian kings. Chapter 5 reviews the possibilities of usurping the diadem as well as Seleukid reaction to usurpers. The concluding section fundamentally challenges scholarship’s reassessments of the ‘strength’ of Seleukid kingdom. It is argued that it was a kingship without a strong dynasty and supporting aristocracy which formed the basis of a weak empire.ship without a strong dynasty and supporting aristocracy which formed the basis of a weak empire.
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Haluszka, Adria R. "THE SACRED DOMAIN: A SEMIOTIC AND COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF RELIGION AND MAGIC IN THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN WORLD." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281665999.
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Farkasch, Robert W. "Bringing the ancient world back in hubris and the renewal of realist international relations theory /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66347.pdf.
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Carrigan, Marc-Edward. "Dionysus unmasked : The agricultural myth and the vampire tale - the ancient world, Romanticism, and beyond." Thesis, Keele University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530768.
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Persoon, Joachim Gregor. "Central Ethiopian monasticism, 1974-1991 : the survival of an ancient institution in a changing world." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406214.
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This dissertation is based on field research involving visits to approximately 100 Monasteries in Ethiopia Israel and Eritrea and numerous interviews. Consequently it stresses the importance of lived experience, post-modem, interactive and contingent reasoning is used with a focus on local variations, and metaphors relating to consciousness and treating culture as a process. Symbolic interactionism and the agency structure relationship are applied in terms of Bourdieu's concern for habitus and field. This integrates human activity into a singular conceptual movement a structural theory of practice connecting action to culture, structure, and power. A comprehensive view is formed by linking spirituality and mysticism with social and political processes, exploring the intriguing middle ground of integration between cultural practice and faith in which the discourses of indigenous religious belief arise and are contested. A post-modem sense of wonder for the Ethiopian tradition avoids the disenchantment of mechanistic reductionism. A special concern for somatic experience, gender and alternative ways of conceptualising time and space give insight into the lived reality of the monastic tradition. Christian Orthodoxy tends to conceptualise itself as an unchanging entity. However, current thought undercuts static wholes through the notion of agency and practice by which the transient sense of a permanent systematic structure is constantly created anew emergent in performance. Two key symbols in Ethiopian Christianity help us to grasp the essential functions of Ethiopian monasticism in recreating faith structures: Sacred dance heightens the emotion of the believers, and holy water is a symbol of immediate contact with inexplicable divine power. As experiential frameworks, they exemplify the aspirations of the monastic life: a more intense experience of the vocation of all Christians to a transformed sacred life and personal regeneration. The `journey into selfhood' is a common theme of recent works on African studies. It is reflected in the search for perfection of monastic spirituality, in which paradoxically the self was formed and shaped through renouncing the self. Ethiopian monasticism's sacred self is followed through consecutive concentric circles of interaction, typifying the traditional Ethiopian conception of space. Examples from specific monasteries illustrate how this was experienced in practice The competitive hegemonic discourse of the revolution struggling for symbolic power opened up a space for a counter discourse of subversive resistance. In the interstices of the confrontation the monastic community suffered material impoverishment, but rediscovered both its potentially vitalising force in society and the transforming power of its spiritual technology. The function of monasticism revealed itself in the encounter with communism. Communism and monasticism are the antithesis of each other, each embodying utopian visions of the future: the one using political force whereas the other has an eschatological character. Monasticism became the `salt', which did not allow the world to absorb Christianity and subject it to itself, creating an alternative space of hope in the desolate landscape of totalitarian oppression. Mystic spirituality was central for challenging repressive structures of the self and society. Ethiopian monks are traditionally linked with the angels who guard the tabot, symbolising the unapproachable God, totally giving himself yet veiled by the brilliance of his light, representing the central `still point' in the circle of worldly action where understanding and being coincide. Monasticism's ability to manifest transcendence and alterity, were instrumental in empowering the community of faith and ensuring its survival.
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Linden, David Edmund Johannes. "Medicine and morality in the ancient world : an analysis of Galen's medical and philosophical writings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:986686c2-8397-43ae-9b61-44ffdf85770a.
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The great power of the medical profession over the lives of men entails a wealth of moral problems in medical practice and lends particular importance to questions of the responsibility of the physician. We investigate the solutions offered by Galen, the most prolific medical author of classical Antiquity, in his medical and philosophical writings. Issues of ethics and moral psychology are discussed in numerous passages of Galen's works, and he even devoted a number of treatises exclusively to ethics. The main results of our analysis of these treatises and passages can be summarized as follows. Starting with his interpretation of a prominent Hippocratic maxim, we discuss possible motivations for Galen's re-definition of the relationship between physician and patient. For Galen, it was the physician, not the patient, who led the fight against the disease. This prominent position of the Galenic physician entailed particular obligations and responsibilities. But Galen also took the view that certain responsibilities resided with the patient, particularly that of selecting the right physician and keeping the prescribed diets. Moreover Galen thought that everybody ought to pursue the systematic liberation of the soul from passions and errors, guided by his ethical methodology. Galen gave disciplined care for one's health and acquisition of medical knowledge the status of moral duties for every educated person. For physicians, he provided a wealth of additional principles and rules of conduct, covering areas as diverse as experimentation with drugs, surgical risks, promulgation of knowledge on poisons, remuneration and other social impacts of medicine, and medical education, all of them inspired by respect for the health of man, the animal who topped the teleological hierarchy of creation, and medicine, the art whose task it was to preserve and restore man's health. Galen held medicine in exceptionally high esteem, even by the standards of physicians. His view of medicine as the divine art kat 'exochen is considered in the context of his high valuation of human life and health. Health assumed a high rank in the hierarchy of goods, for it provided the basis for all the other goods and virtues. For Galen, preservation and restoration of health could be attained only on the basis of a sound scientific methodology. He was reluctant to apply criteria external to medicine proper to its practice, and mostly judged the morality of medical activities by the adherence to the principles of a well-founded therapy and avoidance of undue harm.
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Arthur, Christopher. "Understanding Ancient Math Through Kepler: A Few Geometric Ideas from The Harmony of the World." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3269/.
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Euclid's geometry is well-known for its theorems concerning triangles and circles. Less popular are the contents of the tenth book, in which geometry is a means to study quantity in general. Commensurability and rational quantities are first principles, and from them are derived at least eight species of irrationals. A recently republished work by Johannes Kepler contains examples using polygons to illustrate these species. In addition, figures having these quantities in their construction form solid shapes (polyhedra) having origins though Platonic philosophy and Archimedean works. Kepler gives two additional polyhedra, and a simple means for constructing the “divine” proportion is given.
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Foust, Kristan Ewin. "Exposing the Spectacular Body: The Wheel, Hanging, Impaling, Placarding, and Crucifixion in the Ancient World." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062805/.
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This dissertation brings the Ancient Near Eastern practice of the wheel, hanging, impaling, placarding, and crucifixion (WHIPC) into the scholarship of crucifixion, which has been too dominated by the Greek and Roman practice. WHIPC can be defined as the exposure of a body via affixing, by any means, to a structure, wooden or otherwise, for public display (Chapter 2). Linguistic analysis of relevant sources in several languages (including Egyptian hieroglyphics, Sumerian, Hebrew, Hittite, Old Persian, all phases of ancient Greek, and Latin) shows that because of imprecise terminology, any realistic definition of WHIPC must be broad (Chapter 3). Using methodologies and interdisciplinary approaches drawn from art history, archaeology, linguistic analysis, and digital humanities, this work analyzes scattered but abundant evidence to piece together theories about who was crucified, when, how, where, and why. The dissertation proves that WHIPC records, written and visual, were kept for three primary functions: to advertise power, to punish and deter, and to perform magical rituals or fulfill religious obligations. Manifestations of these three functions come through WHIPC in mythology (see especially Chapter 4), trophies (Chapter 5), spectacles, propaganda, political commentary, executions, corrective torture, behavior modification or prevention, donative sacrifices, scapegoat offerings, curses, and healing rituals. WHIPC also served as a mode of human and animal sacrifice (Chapter 6). Regarding the treatment of the body, several examples reveal cultural contexts for nudity and bone-breaking, which often accompanied WHIPC (Chapter 7). In the frequent instances where burial was forbidden a second penalty, played out in the afterlife, was intended. Contrary to some modern assertions, implementation of crucifixion was not limited by gender or status (Chapter 8). WHIPC often occurred along roads or on hills and mountains, or in in liminal spaces such as doorways, cliffs, city gates, and city walls (Chapter 9). From the Sumerians to the Romans, exposing and displaying the bodies consistently functioned as a display of power, punishment and prevention of undesirable behavior, and held religious and magical significance. Exposure punishments have been pervasive and global since the beginning of recorded time, and indeed, this treatment of the body is still practiced today. It seems no culture has escaped this form of physical abuse.
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Platte, Ryan. "Horses and horsemanship in the oral poetry of Ancient Greece and the Indo-European world /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11480.
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Fukaya, Masashi. "Socio-religious functions of three Theban festivals in the New Kingdom : the festivals of Opet, the Valley, and the New Year." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a9eebe42-68d3-42dd-adcd-d1a3da145f0b.
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In addition to temple rituals performed for the god by the king, festivals incorporated a broader domain, where a wider public had access to the divine. The participants in feasts ranged from the royal, officials and priests to the non-elite and the dead. Theoretically and ideologically, individuals would have received fruits of the divine power through the king by taking part in celebrations to variable extent. This functioned a vehicle for the god and the king to maintain their authoritative credibility and, by extension, the world order. The circulation of the divine force formed a different appearance at each festival, such as material supplies, promotions, and juridical decrees. These divine conveyances would have more or less met people’s social and religious needs. By embracing modality, periodicity, and publicness, festivals provided participants and audiences with a public setting and a formal means, whereby they were able to seek their identity as part of society. This may or may not have been relevant to personal piety, allegiance, responsibilities, and goodness, but public celebrations at least brought the king’s subjects together to common grounds for official beliefs and social decorum. In order to demonstrate such socio-religious functions of festivals, I will attempt to focus on and examine three Theban celebrations in the New Kingdom, namely, the Festivals of Opet, the Valley, and the New Year, about which a wealth of information has survived. The examination can hardly be possible without exploring the history of these feasts because their development from earlier times, to which part of this thesis is also devoted, shows the continuity of elements essential to Egyptian cult practices, particularly those associated with the mortuary cult.
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Scott, Simeon Guy. "Thought and social struggle : a history of dialectics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4205.
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Scott, Simeon G. "Thought and social struggle: A history of dialectics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4205.
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Mehta, Arti. "How do fables teach? reading the world of the fable in Greek, Latin and Sanskrit narratives /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297125.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Classical Studies, 2007.Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 25, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0602. Adviser: Eleanor W. Leach.
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Davies, Christopher Owen Graham. "Is this Sparta? : allegory, analogy, and warfare in the post-9/11 ancient world epic film." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21575.
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This thesis examines the depiction of warfare in post-9/11 ancient world epics and assesses the extent to which these films engage with contemporary events by means of allegory and analogy. Inspired by scholarship on allegorical and analogous interpretations of 1950s-60s ancient world epics, I explore how the current cycle engages with the American socio-political landscape in the wake of 9/11, with particular emphasis on the War on Terror and ensuing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. I chart the genre’s evolution in relation to the combat film, and examine how the current cycle of ancient world epics integrates the tropes of other genres into its portrayal of warfare, invasion, occupation and imperialism. Within this context, I explore the recurrent motif of the father-son dynamic, and assess how its use in combat films corresponds to that in ancient world epics. I also discuss how this motif was employed in 1980s Vietnam War films, and what its use in these modern epics suggests about the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Furthermore, I discuss the use of the unreliable narrator to engage with wider debates on the value of historical films compared to written history. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the ancient world epic is a malleable construct with which filmmakers can engage with the present while depicting the past. I build on existing studies of the ancient world in cinema, contributing new understanding of the current cycle’s relationship to its predecessors, to other genres, and to post-9/11 American society. In so doing this thesis contributes to notions of film as art, as industry, and as history, and how they intersect in cinematic depictions of the ancient world.
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Bittarello, Maria Beatrice. "The re-creation of ancient classical religions on the World Wide Web : Neopaganism as contemporary mythopoesis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/226.
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The thesis argues that Neopaganism on the Web is an example of mythopoesis and aims at showing both the novelty and the limits of such mythopoesis. I use the term "mythopoesis" in its original Greek meaning, i.e. "the creation (the making/crafting) of a myth or myths", thus stressing the dynamic way in which the process of creation (of myths, rituals, divinities, identities—all implicitly or explicitly played out, connected, and organised as "stories", which can be told, written or performed, as well as represented as images) unfolds in Neopaganism. Neopagan mythopoesis on the Web is new, original, and structurally different from other previous and contemporary examples of mythopoesis, either religious or not, since it does not refuse, put aside, or implicitly contradict, the rational framework elaborated by Western culture. The research involves exploring the contemporary cultural and historical context that allows for mythopoesis to take place and the technology that allows for it to develop. It analyses the key features of Neopaganism on the Web as they emerge from the mythopoeic recreation of two ancient goddesses (Gaia, and Artemis/Diana) and an ancient ritual (the Eleusinian mysteries). In covering several different fields (from ancient religions, to the Internet, to myth and ritual theory), and in examining a range of heterogeneous materials (from ancient texts, Neopagan hymns and art, to hypertexts), the analysis adopts an interdisciplinary approach.
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Pearson, Brook W. R. "Paul, dialectic, and Gadamer : conversation and play in the study of Paul in the ancient world." Thesis, Roehampton University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326827.
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Peterson, Sara. "Roses, poppies and narcissi : plant iconography at Tillya-tepe and connected cultures across the ancient world." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26495/.
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Dann, Judith Blackmore. "The world of the infant : ideology of the infant condition and infant care in ancient Greece /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1301941529.
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Peretti, Daniel. "The modern Prometheus the persistence of an ancient myth in the modern world, 1950 to 2007 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3357985.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Folklore and Ethnomusicology, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 8, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-05, Section: A, page: 1745. Adviser: Greg Schrempp.
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Szabo, Bobbie. "Love is a Cunning Weaver: Myths, Sexuality, and the Modern World." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1493247491671522.
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