Academic literature on the topic 'And Allied Industries' Workers'

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Journal articles on the topic "And Allied Industries' Workers"

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Cant, Callum, and Jamie Woodcock. "Fast Food Shutdown: From disorganisation to action in the service sector." Capital & Class 44, no. 4 (2020): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816820906357.

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This article discusses the Fast Food Shutdown, a strike on 4 October 2018 that involved Wetherspoon, McDonald’s, TGI Fridays and UberEats workers in the United Kingdom. It compares the different strategies of the Bakers Food and Allied Workers’ Union at Wetherspoon and Industrial Workers of the World at UberEats. The two case studies, drawing on the authors’ ongoing ethnographic research, provide important examples of successful precarious worker organising. In particular, the argument focuses on the role of action in organising, as well as the relationship between the rank-and-file and the union. While these could point the way to the recomposition of the workers movement – both in greenfield sectors and within existing unions – there remain important questions about how these experiences can be generalised.
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Hart, Robert A., and J. Elizabeth Roberts. "Industrial Composition, Methods of Compensation and Real Earnings in the Great Depression." National Institute Economic Review 226 (November 2013): R17—R29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011322600103.

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A major objective of the government during the Great Recession has been severely to restrict public sector real wage growth. One potential advantage of performance-related pay schemes is that they naturally offer greater wage responsiveness to fluctuations in the business cycle. Based on evidence from engineering and allied industries during the Great Depression we show that piecework wages exhibited more flexibility than their timework equivalents. We compare and contrast southern/midland engineering districts of Britain with northern districts. The former region was dominated by piece-rated workers and by modern sections of the industry, such as vehicle and aircraft manufacture. Time-rated work predominated in northern districts where older sections – for example, marine and textile engineering – were clustered‥
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Henry, Laura A. "Blue–Green Coalitions: Fighting for Safe Workplaces and Healthy Communities. By Brian Mayer." Perspectives on Politics 9, no. 1 (2011): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592710003403.

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Blue–Green Coalitions: Fighting for Safe Workplaces and Healthy Communities. By Brian Mayer. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press and Cornell University Press, 2009. 240p. $57.95 cloth. $19.95 paper.When do labor-environmental coalitions emerge and endure? In a period when headlines are dominated by economic recession, unemployment, and oil spills, the focus of Brian Mayer's book takes on practical urgency. The question is theoretically intriguing as well. Labor unions are often characterized as archetypical interest-based organizations, representing industrial workers' concerns for their own material well-being. Environmental mobilization, in contrast, is seen as a quality-of-life movement most commonly associated with members of the postindustrial middle class who possess leisure time and resources sufficient to enable their activism. When the question of how to regulate industries that employ toxic chemicals arises, these two groups can become locked in an acrimonious jobs versus the environment debate, making them more likely antagonists than allies. This sense of latent opposition is captured by one worker's assertion that greens want to “save the whales and kill the workers” (p. 2). How can these divisions be overcome? In his clearly written and compelling book, Blue–Green Coalitions, Mayer argues that concern over the effects of hazardous materials on human health offers one avenue for generating powerful and enduring coalitions.
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Wiedenhofer, Harald. "European Committee of Food, Catering and Allied Workers Unions within the IUF (ECF-IUF)." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 4, no. 2 (1998): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425899800400214.

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Nwauche, E. S. "ADMINISTRATIVE BIAS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 8, no. 1 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2005/v8i1a2832.

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This article reviews the interpretation of section 6(2)(a)ii of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act which makes an administrator “biased or reasonably suspected of bias” a ground of judicial review. In this regard, the paper reviews the determination of administrative bias in South Africa especially highlighting the concept of institutional bias. The paper notes that inspite of the formulation of the bias ground of review the test for administrative bias is the reasonable apprehension test laid down in the case of President of South Africa v South African Rugby Football Union(2) which on close examination is not the same thing. Accordingly the paper urges an alternative interpretation that is based on the reasonable suspicion test enunciated in BTR Industries South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Metal and Allied Workers Union and R v Roberts. Within this context, the paper constructs a model for interpreting the bias ground of review that combines the reasonable suspicion test as interpreted in BTR Industries and R v Roberts, the possibility of the waiver of administrative bias, the curative mechanism of administrative appeal as well as some level of judicial review exemplified by the jurisprudence of article 6(1) of the European Convention of Human Rights, especially in the light of the contemplation of the South African Magistrate Court as a jurisdictional route of judicial review.
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Rodwell, John, and Julia Ellershaw. "What is exchanged in psychological contracts? Multiple sets of obligations, targeted effort and uncertainty reduction." Employee Relations 37, no. 2 (2015): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-06-2014-0075.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the currency underlying the employment relationship of allied health workers by investigating the mechanisms of their psychological contracts. Design/methodology/approach – Path analyses were conducted on the survey responses from Australian allied health professionals (n=112; a 46 per cent response rate). Findings – The analyses revealed that psychological contract promises decreased organizational citizenship behaviours relating to the organization (OCBO), while contract fulfilment increased commitment and reduced psychological distress. Contract breach reduced organizational commitment. Originality/value – The results indicate that obligations may be the primary currency in their psychological contract, with career commitment forming a set of obligations by which employees determine their OCBO, highlighting the nature of the resources exchanged to be targeted to their perceived source, in this case organizational promises begetting discretionary contributions to the organization. Further, fulfilment may reduce uncertainty, which in turn can reduce strain and increase OCBO.
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Kurimoto, Akira. "Outline of the Workers Co-operative Act in Japan - Líneas generales de la Ley de cooperativas de trabajadores en Japón." CIRIEC-España, revista jurídica de economía social y cooperativa, no. 38 (July 22, 2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/ciriec-jur.38.20995.

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The Japanese co-operative legislation is characterized by the separate laws that are specializing to regulate the particular categories of co-operatives and enacted in line with the industrial policies, and the strong government’s control on incorporation and business activities. The Industrial Co-operative Act of 1900 was a uniform law following the German model and provided for the legal framework of credit, supply, marketing and production2 co-operatives. After the Second World War, the allied force introduced the radical land reform as a part of economic democratization programs and helped to enact the Agricultural Co-operative Act in 1947 to cement the effects of reform through organizing farmers in agricultural co-operatives. Then, the other co-operative laws were enacted in line with industrial policies (fishery, forestry, banking, SMEs etc.) during 1948-1978.
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MacDonald, Andrew. "In the Pink of Health or the Yellow of Condition? Chinese Workers, Colonial Medicine and the Journey to South Africa, 1904–1907." Journal of Chinese Overseas 4, no. 1 (2008): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325408788691435.

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AbstractThis article develops recent trans-national perspectives by considering Chinese indentured labor to South Africa (1904–1907), with a spatial focus on the port of Durban and the adjacent Indian Ocean. I examine the relationship of Chinese workers with medicine as a particular form of colonial authority. Far from being part of the notoriously unregulated exchanges of “coolie-labor” characterized by high mortality rates, the South African case is unusual in its extensive state and capital regulation in the healthy transport of workers. I consider the mediating role played by colonial doctors on board the vessels in managing the steamships as “floating compounds” closely allied to the imperatives of discipline-discipline. This article thus details quasi-medical efforts at control and management of miners in the shift to industrial capitalism, and assesses where these measures failed or encountered forms of resistance from the Chinese.
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T. E., Ebe, Njoku Tony R. F., Emereibeole E. I., et al. "ASSESSMENT OF NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL OF SAWMILL WORKERS AT OGBOSISI AND MBIERI TIMBER AND ALLIED INDUSTRIAL MARKET IN OWERRI, IMO STATE." International Journal of Advanced Research 7, no. 11 (2019): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/10091.

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Vitale, Patrick S. "Making science suburban: The suburbanization of industrial research and the invention of “research man”." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 12 (2017): 2813–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17734855.

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In the early 1900s, industrial firms embraced research as a key element of corporate strategy. In order to internalize scientific research, firms constructed laboratories many of which were located away from factories. The development of these laboratories was part of a larger shift in the socio-spatial division of labor – the separation of mental from physical work. These laboratories were sites for developing new technologies and production processes and for creating and reproducing a techno-scientific workforce that allied itself with management. Using the example of Pittsburgh-based Westinghouse, in this paper I argue that industrial firms built research laboratories in order to enlist a skilled techno-scientific workforce that was essential for further profit making. By exploring the longer history of the industrial research laboratory, I expose how the “knowledge economy” and “tech workers” did not originate in the suburbs of the 1950s or the tech-boom of the 1990s, but rather emerged in concert with industrialization, the emergence of corporations, the professionalization of science and engineering, and suburbanization at the turn of the 20th-century.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "And Allied Industries' Workers"

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Service, Labour Research. "Motor Transport Undertaking Industrial Council: wage analysis for the Transport & General Wokers' Union." Labour Research Service (LRS), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2155.

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The industrial council agreement for Motor Transport Undertaking (Goods) in the Transvaal will be in force until 1990. Wages are negotiated annually, for implementation in January, but a compulsory arbitration provision comes into effect if there is a deadlock. This document is prepared to assist the Transport & General Workers Union in providing factual information to the arbitrator to back up the demand for a substantial wage increase. The union has rejected a final offer from the employers of an eight and a half percent increase in January 1988. Unfortunately, we have not received the wage demands of the union, so our report is not as focused as it should be.
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Shah, Nandita Gandhi Nandita Anilkumar. "Contingent workers women in two industries in Mumbai /." [S.l.: s.n.] ; Amsterdam : Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/61960.

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Vanin, Pietropaolo. "Regional differences in skill mismatch : workers, firms and industries." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238715.

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The thesis focuses on the demand side of the labour market in conjecturing that 'the degree of attractiveness' of industry and firms to high-skilled workers could be an important determinant of regional labour market mismatch. Using data from the unexplored Employers Skills Survey, a dichotomous mismatch index based on skill-shortage vacancies is modelled as a function of firm and industry-level characteristics. Oacaxa-Blinder (OB) type decompositions are implemented to investigate the extent to which the predictors affect mismatch differently in England and Scotland. Two exploratory extensions are considered: (i) the inclusion of the Pareto shape parameter of an industry's firm size distribution, as an index of industry-level (average) productivity; (ii) a control for whether a firm is part of a multi-site organisation, believed as indicative of a firm export-status. UK level mismatch appears to be negatively correlated with both firm size and skill intensity. This is consistent with both a wide body of empirical evidence and an emerging two-sided heterogeneity theoretical literature showing that more productive firms are larger and tend to attract better workers. We also find a negative relationship between both the Pareto shape parameter and the multi-plant control, and firmlevel mismatch. At a regional level the key determinants seem to lose predictive power in Scotland where only the multi-site control retains statistical significance. To our knowledge, no study for the UK has to date ever: (i) used the same mismatch measure; (ii) adopted firm and industry-level characteristics as predictors of skill mismatch; (iii) decomposed skill mismatch using OB procedures. From a policy perspective, our findings suggest that addressing skill mismatch requires complementing policies targeting skill acquisition with interventions aimed at enhancing firms' and clusters' attractiveness to high skill workers. Migration, international trade openness and skill mismatch are in fact intrinsically intertwined and central to Scotland's post-Brexit future.
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Bax, Trent Malcolm. "Sex and work in the city Shanghai's service industry and the Chinese Modern Project: an ethnography of Chinese hairdressers and Australian blokes /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558149.

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Sykes, Peggy J. (Peggy Jean) Carleton University Dissertation History. "A history of the Ottawa Allied Trades and Labour Association 1897-1922; a study of working-class resistance and accommodation by the craft worker." Ottawa, 1992.

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Senor, Steven D. "An analysis of strategies and interventions for preventing exposure to hazards in young, entry level workers." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009senors.pdf.

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Stetzer, Grant M. "A pilot program of a continuous improvement process through the use of employee involvement in a service industry business." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002stetzerg.pdf.

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Boe, Tammy A. "Gaining and/or maintaining employee trust within service organizations." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002boet.pdf.

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Bagraim, Jeffrey. "The improbable commitment : organizational commitment amongst South African knowledge workers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1204/.

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Knowledge workers, who typically enjoy global labour mobility, are considered critical to economic growth in developing countries. The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the organizational commitment of South African knowledge workers, a commitment widely considered both improbable and unobtainable. In this study, a critical review of the organizational commitment literature, to ascertain its psychometric applicability to knowledge workers in South Africa, uncovered an unsystematic and fragmented body of research that has been imperfectly integrated in previous research models. A new definition of organizational commitment is therefore developed to account for current contextual complexities and theoretical advances in commitment research (e.g. multiple foci, variable duration, and changing intensities). A mixed-method research design was used in all stages of the investigation. To establish the construct validity and practical validity of the organizational commitment construct, a multidisciplinary explanatory model was developed based on the extant literature and focus group discussions with knowledge workers. To test the proposed model, a self-administered survey questionnaire was developed. A total of 637 usable questionnaires from knowledge workers employed in the accounting and information technology occupations in both the public and private sector were analysed using a variety of statistical techniques, primarily hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modelling. Particular care was taken that appropriate and strict statistical criteria guided the analyses. The survey results were then presented to focus groups for discussion. The results clearly evidence the widely accepted three-component structure of organizational commitment but provide new insight into the nature of the relationship between the commitment components. The veracity of a multiple foci approach is demonstrated and interaction effects between commitment bases and commitment foci are examined. The results are mixed concerning the proposed model, which required revision after the psychometric analyses. Overall, however, the results are both surprising and encouraging. Surprising given the evidence of high levels of organizational commitment amongst knowledge workers, and encouraging given the amount of variance explained in salient organizational outcomes such as turnover intentions (37%) and boosting behaviour (24%). Analysis per employment sector showed no overall effect of sector in the regression models but further analyses showed different patterns of significant antecedents amongst knowledge workers employed in the public and private sectors. The empirical findings and theoretical position of this study challenge prevailing assumptions about the organizational commitment of knowledge workers and provide refreshment to both scholars and practitioners faced with the development of new management approaches and insights.
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Munro, Anne. "Women in trade unions : a study of hospital ancillary workers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98494/.

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This thesis is about working class women and the way in which their interests are represented in trade unions. The key argument made is that there operates a 'trade union agenda' which precludes the full representation of women's interests, even when individual members strive to have these interests represented. The study is based on empirical research with four trade union branches, two from NUPE and two from COHSE, covering ancillary workers at four NHS hospitals. The thesis stresses the importance of understanding how women's work is structured in order to investigate the role of trade unions in challenging or reproducing inequalities. It focuses on catering and cleaning workers, and therefore includes a detailed analysis of these areas of work. The research shows that this work is constructed around gender and results in women having specific interests in the workplace. It suggests that these workplace interests reflect an underlying conflict between men and women based on the hierarchical division of the labour market by sex. Throughout the study the importance of racial divisions to the development of unity or division is considered. The thesis analyses the role of local trade union branches in representing the interests of these workers, showing that unions vary in their success in this process. It argues that structural modification in unions cannot guarantee improved participation and representation of women members, although is a prerequisite. The thesis concludes that the 'trade union agenda' presents an underlying limitation to this process.
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Books on the topic "And Allied Industries' Workers"

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International Trade Conference of Food, Tobacco, Hotel, and Allied Industries' Workers (9th 1987 Prague, Czechoslovakia). 9[th] International Trade Conference of Food, Tobacco, Hotel, and Allied Industries' Workers: Reports, decisions, documents : Prague, November 18-21, 1987. The Trade Unions, 1987.

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International Trade Conference of Food, Tobacco, Hotel, and Allied Industriesʼ Workers (9th 1987 Prague, Czechoslovakia). 9 International Trade Conference of Food, Tobacco, Hotel, and Allied Industriesʼ Workers: Platforms of demands : Prague, November 18-21, 1987. The Trade Unions, 1987.

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Cuhulain, Kerr. The safe approach: Controlling risk for workers in the helping professions. Distributed by Idyll Arbor, 2007.

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J, Hawking C., ed. Staley: The fight for a new American labor movement. University of Illinois Press, 2009.

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Udoessien, Etim I. Pollution in petroleum and allied industries. MEF (Nigeria) Ltd, 1988.

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Catholic Church. Pontificium Consilium de Apostolatu pro Valetudinis Administris. Charter for health care workers. Paulines Publications Africa, 1995.

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Growth of oilseeds and allied industries in India. Deep & Deep Publications, 1985.

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Draugelis, Peter. Industry snapshot: Paper, wood, and allied products industries. Office of Strategic Research, Ohio Dept. of Development, 1995.

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National, Seminar on Energy Conservation in Chemical and Allied Industries (1986 Kānpur India). Energy conservation in the chemical and allied industries. South Asian Publishers, 1989.

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Wille, Stefan. The pulp, paper and allied industries in Canada. Aktrin Research Institute, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "And Allied Industries' Workers"

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Deuze, Mark. "Managing Media Workers." In Managing Media Firms and Industries. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08515-9_19.

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Baensch, Robert E. "Consolidation in Publishing and Allied Industries." In The Structure of International Publishing in the 1990s. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429339394-9.

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Knight, John, and Song Lina. "Workers in China’s Rural Industries." In The Distribution of Income in China. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23026-6_7.

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Bell, Donald D. "Components of the Poultry and Allied Industries." In Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production. Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0811-3_2.

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Weiss, Gregory L., and Denise A. Copelton. "Nurses, Advanced Practice Providers, and Allied Health Workers." In The Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429279447-10.

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Weiss, Gregory L., and Lynne E. Lonnquist. "Nurses, Advanced Practice Providers, and Allied Health Workers." In The Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626901-ch10.

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Harris, Betty J. "Female Workers in Cottage Industries and Factories." In The Political Economy of the Southern African Periphery. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22461-6_6.

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Frasch, Tilman, and Terry Wyke. "Housing the Workers: Re-visiting Employer Villages in Mid-19th-century Europe." In Regions, Industries, and Heritage. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137333414_11.

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Mayor, Satya Jai, and Sundergopal Sridhar. "Comprehensive Process Solutions for Chemical and Allied Industries Using Membranes." In Membrane Technology. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315105666-2.

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Oakley, Kate. "Making Workers: Higher Education and the Cultural Industries Workplace." In Cultural Work and Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137013941_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "And Allied Industries' Workers"

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Sneha, S. S., and K. P. Ramaswamy. "A Comprehensive Review on the Mechanism of Concrete Deterioration in Accelerated Aggressive Environment." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.40.

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Concrete is being extensively utilized for the constructional and other allied works on account of its versatility and mechanical properties. However, it exists to be in a state of disequilibrium with its ambient environment owing to its universal alkaline nature and hence is susceptible to deterioration when exposed to aggressive environments. The reactive species emanating from chemical plants, fertiliser industries, marine water, agro-food industries etc., produce detrimental effects on the concrete structures through the dissolution of calcium bearing phases from the hydrated matrix. This degradation culminates in decalcification, volumetric expansion, salt crystallisation, micro-cracking, surface scaling, delamination, spalling and corrosion. Diffusivity, capillary porosity, permeability, chemical nature of hydrated matrix and pore network are the parameters that influence the chemical mechanism of concrete degradation. The mechanism of concrete degradation is distinct for various aggressive species and its fair comprehension remains as one of the challenges in accomplishing the durability based concrete design. This paper critically reviews the basic mechanism of the concrete deterioration in accelerated aggressive environment of mineral acids, organic acids and inorganic salts. In addition to this, a glimpse of the effect of degradation on different binder systems viz., Ordinary Portland Cement system, blended cement system, special cement system and alkali activated system is provided.
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Piacitelli, G., C. Mueller, K. Sieber, and E. Whelan. "144. Take Home Lead Exposures Among Construction Workers' Families." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764803.

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Grzesik, J., and K. Pawlas. "374. Hearing Protection of Noise Exposed Workers in Poland." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765053.

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Buch, A., C. Pfaffenberger, and T. Khalil. "465. Investigation of Acquired Dyschromatopsia in Workers Exposed to Tetrachloroethylene." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765152.

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Kang, D., J. Hurrell, and C. Reh. "304. Potential Mercury Toxicity Among Workers in a Battery Recycling Plant." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764978.

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Sanderson, W., and M. Petersen. "320. Estimating Retrospective Exposures of Workers in a Beryllium Manufacturing Plant." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764996.

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Lenhart, S. "137. Poultry Workers' Risk of Exposure to Organic Arsenic in Chicken Houses." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764795.

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Chiou, S., A. Bhattacharya, and P. Succop. "407. Evaluation of Workers' Postural Stability on Slippery Surfaces During Task Performance." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765088.

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Ladd, W., and R. Schlinger. "439. An Evaluation of Filling Room Workers' Exposures to Carbon Dioxide Gas." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765123.

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Snow, A., M. Ayoub, and A. Waldorf. "199. Workers' Compensation Claims and Ergonomics: Examination of the Data in North Carolina." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764862.

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Reports on the topic "And Allied Industries' Workers"

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Goolsbee, Austan. Investment Subsidies and Wages in Capital Goods Industries: To the Workers Go the Spoils? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6526.

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Balza, Lenin H., Camilo De Los Rios, Alfredo Guerra, Luis Herrera-Prada, and Osmel Manzano. Unraveling the Network of the Extractive Industries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003191.

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This paper analyzes extractive industries in Colombia and their connections to other economic activities in the country. We use detailed social security data on all formal employees to create an industry-relatedness measure using labor flows between industries. Drawing on the vast network analysis literature, we exploit centrality measures to reveal the importance of the extractive sector among Colombian industries. Our results show that extractive industries are well connected within the Colombian industrial network, and that they are central overall and within their clusters. We also find that extractive industries have stronger linkages with manufacturing and agriculture than with other sectors. Finally, a higher relatedness to extractive activities is correlated with lower levels of employment, specially of female workers.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2007-0263-3069, report on respiratory and dermal conditions among machine shop workers, Superior Industries International, Inc., Pittsburg, Kansas. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta200702633069.

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