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James, Jessica. "CTRL-ALT-DELETE." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523196.
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This thesis examines concepts of control, alternation, and deletion (CTRL, ALT, DELETE) through the poetic process. By examining some of the specific poems presented here, one can see the effects of literary and social critics including Michel Foucault, Hart Crane, and Adrienne Rich on my poetry. Thematically, structurally, and linguistically, the poems in this thesis address contemporary concerns and ask the reader to face the challenges of postmillennial life with creativity, empathy, and humor.
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Becker, Hans-Joachim. "Das Feld um "alt" /." Heidelberg : C. Winter, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371607491.
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Haas, Anna-Lena [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Alt-Epping, and Julie [Gutachter] Schanz. "Symptomkontrolle und Lebensqualität als primärer Endpunkt klinischer Studien - ein "Systematic Review" / Anna-Lena Haas ; Gutachter: Bernd Alt-Epping, Julie Schanz ; Betreuer: Bernd Alt-Epping." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1145292208/34.
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Costa, Badia Xavier. "Paisatges monàstics. El monacat alt-medieval als comtats catalans (segles IX-X)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668151.
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La present tesi doctoral proposa una aproximació innovadora al paisatge monàstic dels comtats catalans dels segles IX i X a través de dos nivells de detall ben diferenciats. En primer lloc, es planteja un estudi de caràcter més general que, partint de la identificació de tots els monestirs que s’hi poden documentar, crea una cartografia completa del fenomen monàstic sobre la qual analitzar la seva distribució espacial, els paral·lels que s’hi detecten i els diversos models de comportament que s’hi poden distingir. En segon lloc, es proposa un estudi minuciós de tres paisatges concrets, tots ells amb una elevada concentració de monestirs, per tal de precisar com aquests centres es relacionaren amb el seu entorn físic i social, transformant-lo de manera evident, però, alhora, veient-se profundament condicionats per ell. Així s’aconsegueix donar una visió holística i integral del fet monàstic que permet entendre millor el perquè de la ràpida proliferació de cenobis al llarg dels segles IX i X, així com el complex rol que jugaren en l’articulació social, política, econòmica i religiosa dels comtats catalans.This doctoral thesis proposes an innovative approach to the monastic landscape of the Catalan counties in the 9th and 10th centuries using two clearly-differentiated levels of detail. Firstly, a study of a more general nature is undertaken, starting by identifying all the monasteries that can be documented, to create a comprehensive cartography of the monastic phenomenon with which to analyse its spatial distribution, the parallels to be detected and the different models of behaviour that can be distinguished. Secondly, a meticulous study of three specific landscapes with a high concentration of monasteries is undertaken, all with the aim of establishing just how these centres interacted with their physical and social settings, clearly transforming them but at the same time being profoundly conditioned by them. This gives a comprehensive, holistic view of the monastic phenomenon to allow a better understanding of the reasons for the rapid proliferation of sites in the 9th and 10th centuries, as well as the complex role
La presente tesis doctoral propone una aproximación innovadora al paisaje monástico de los condados catalanes de los siglos IX y X mediante dos niveles de detalle bien diferenciados. En primer lugar, se plantea un estudio de carácter más general que, partiendo de la identificación de todos los monasterios que se pueden documentar en ese territorio, crea una cartografía completa del fenómeno monástico sobre la cual analizar su distribución espacial, los paralelos que se detectan en ella y los diversos modelos de comportamiento que se pueden distinguir. En segundo lugar, se propone un estudio más minucioso de tres paisajes concretos, todos ellos con una elevada concentración de monasterios, para precisar cómo estos centros se relacionaron con su entorno físico y social, transformándolo de forma evidente, pero, a su vez, viéndose profundamente condicionados por él. De esta manera se consigue dar una visión holística e integral del monacato que permite entender mejor el porqué de la rápida proliferación de cenobios a lo largo de los siglos IX y X, así como el papel tan complejo que jugaron en la articulación social, política, económica y religiosa de los condados catalanes.
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Becker, Claudia. "Steuerung Alt Entfernen / Re-boot Science." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-101879.
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Am Ende der Dresden Summer School 2012 haben die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer eigene Ideen und Impulse zur Zukunft der Vernetzung von Kultur- und Wissenschaftseinrichtungen vorgestellt. Claudia Becker, wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Vilém Flusser Archiv der Universität der Künste Berlin, ist an neuen Wegen der Wissens- und Kulturvermittlung mit digitalen Technologien interessiert.
Wissen, Wissenssammlungen und Wissensordnungen haben sich im Laufe der Jahre verändert, ebenso wie die Wissensproduktion, die Schaffung neuen Wissens, die Wissenschaft selbst. Der Baum des Wissens, „arbor porphyriana“ oder auch „arbor scientiae“ war seit der Antike eine gültige Metapher und das Klassifikationsschema für die Struktur des Wissen, die epistemologische Ordnung. So lehnte auch Denis Diderot die Ordnung seiner berühmten Enzyklopädie an die Baumstruktur des Wissens von Francis Bacon an. Wohl wissend, dass Wissen Macht ist, widmeten Diderot und seine Enzyklopädisten einen großen Teil ihrer Lebenszeit, um das Wissen aus allen Bereichen der Welt zu sammeln und aller Welt zugänglich zu machen. Diderot nutzte somit damals schon die Intelligenz des Schwarmes, seine Enzyklopädie ist ein Produkt des „Crowd Sourcing“, eines kollektiven Verbundes mehrerer Autoren, die gemeinsam an einem Werk schreiben, um Wissen im Namen der Aufklärung den Herrschenden zu entreißen und möglichst vielen zugänglich zu machen. Die Parallelen zu einem der heutigen größten und bedeutendsten Wissensprojekte – der Internet-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia – sind unverkennbar.
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Nüesch, Rebecca [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Alt, Rainer [Gutachter] Alt, and Hubert [Gutachter] Österle. "Hybride Kundeninteraktion : Fallstudien und Gestaltungsempfehlungen aus der Bankindustrie / Rebecca Nüesch ; Gutachter: Rainer Alt, Hubert Österle ; Betreuer: Rainer Alt." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://d-nb.info/124069539X/34.
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Marzec, Paulina. "NR2C/F telomeric association drives telomere-genome rearrangements in ALT cells." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20179.
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L'immortalité cellulaire est toujours accompagnée par l'activation du mécanisme de maintien des télomères. Dans la plupart des cancers humains, ce rôle est assuré par l'enzyme télomérase. Cependant, dans 15 % des tumeurs, la télomérase n'est pas activée et les télomères sont maintenus par l'allongement alternatif des télomères (ALT), voie qui implique la recombinaison des télomères. ALT est plus fréquent dans les tumeurs provenant de tissus mésenchymateux (sarcomes), representant 40-60 % des cas, que dans les tumeurs épithéliales. Comprendre le mécanisme ALT est primordial dans les thérapies anti-cancéreuses puisque certaines drogues inhibant la télomérase conduisent souvent à l'activation de l'ALT.La voie ALT est définie par de caractéristiques typiques des télomères. Dans les cellules ALT, les recombinaisons aberrantes d'ADN ne se limitent pas aux télomères puisque les génomes sont souvent fortement réarrangés. Les liens de ces caractéristiques génomiques anormales et la maintenance des télomères atypique ne sont pas connues, mais l'instabilité du génome contribue certainement à la transformation. Notre équipe a montré que les récepteurs orphelins appartenant aux familles NR2C/F ont été trouvés enrichies dans les télomères des lignées cellulaires ALT. Nous avons proposé que ces facteurs puissent être recrutés aux télomères par liaison directe à la séquence répétée GGGTCA, un site de liaison à haute affinité pour ces protéines. Mon projet vise à comprendre (i) leur mécanisme de liaison et (ii) leur rôle, dans le processus d'ALT.Dans cette étude nous montrons que dans les sarcomes primaires humains, les télomères d'ALT sont souvent liés par des récepteurs nucléaires orphelins des sous-familles NR2C/F, en particulier dans les tumeurs au stade avancé. Ceci suggère un rôle actif de ces facteurs dans la progression tumorale ALT. En utilisant la technique de ChIP-sequencing, nous avons montré que les protéines NR2C/F se lient à une répétition directe amplifiée (DR0) aux télomères, et pas de manière significative à toute autre combinaison de motif GGGTCA. Nous avons également analysé la distribution sur tout le génome de NR2C2/F2 et TRF2, une protéine de liaison des télomères, dans des cellules ALT (-) et ALT (+). Bien qu'il n'y ait que peu de sites génomiques liés par TRF2 dans les cellules ALT (-), nous avons été surpris d'identifier plusieurs centaines de régions liées par TRF2 dans les cellules ALT (+). Plus surprenant, la grande majorité de ces régions spécifiques TRF2 ALT chevauche des sites endogènes de NR2C2/F2. Étant donné que ces sites ne contiennent généralement pas les répétitions des télomères, TRF2 est probablement recruté de façon indirecte. Conformément à cette interprétation, nous montrons que les facteurs NR2C/F entrainent un rapprochement des loci et sont responsables du regroupement atypique des télomeres dans ALT. De plus, un sous-ensemble de ces régions génomiques uniques a des additions hétérogènes des séquences télomeriques ALT, suggérant un rôle dans le recrutement des télomères par des protéines NR2C/F mais aussi une fonction de ciblage de recombinaison génomique. Systématiquement, nous trouvons que ces réarrangements des télomères/génome sont situés à proximité des motifs GGGTCA endogènes. Le caryotype spectral des lignées cellulaires ATL montre que les sites télomériques interstitielles sont fréquemment localisés aux niveaux des sites de translocations/réarrangements entre deux ou plusieurs chromosomes, ce qui est également observé dans les données de ChIPseq. Ces résultats suggèrent que les réarrangements entres les télomères et le génome pourraient participer à la formation d'un caryotype complexe ce qui caractérise environ 50% des sarcomes. De plus, l'addition de sites télomériques interstitielles dans le génome est spécifique des cellules ALT et est favorisée par les dommages de l'ADNCellular immortality is always accompanied by the activation of telomere maintenance mechanism. In most human cancers this role is fulfilled by the telomerase enzyme. However in 15% of tumors, telomerase is not activated and telomeres are maintained by an Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway that involves telomere-telomere recombination. Interestingly ALT is more prevalent in tumors originating from mesenchymal tissues (sarcomas), where it is present in 40-60% of cases, than in epithelial tumors. Understanding ALT maintenance is critical since inhibiting telomerase in tumors leads to the activation of ALT. The ALT pathway is operationally defined by typical telomere hallmarks. In ALT cells, aberrant DNA transactions are not restricted to telomeres since genomes are often highly rearranged. Whether these abnormal genomic features are linked to atypical telomere maintenance is not known, but genome instability is certainly contributing to transformation. We have previously shown that orphan receptors of the NR2C/F families were enriched at telomeres in ALT cell lines. We proposed that these factors could be recruited to telomeres through direct binding to the GGGTCA variant repeat, a high affinity binding site for these proteins. My project is aimed at understanding (i) their mechanism of binding and (ii) their role, if any, in the ALT process.We show that in human primary sarcomas, ALT telomeres are often bound by orphan nuclear receptors of the NR2C/F subfamilies, particularly in more advanced-stage tumors. This suggests an active role for these factors in ALT tumor progression. Using ChIP-sequencing, we show that NR2C/F proteins bind to an amplified direct repeat (DR0) at telomeres, and not significantly to any other GGGTCA motif combination. We also analyzed the genome wide distribution of NR2C2/F2 and TRF2, a telomere binding protein, in ALT(-) and in ALT(+) cells. While there are only few genomic sites bound by TRF2 in ALT(-) cells, we were surprised to identify several hundred regions bound by TRF2 in ALT(+) cells. More surprisingly, the great majority of these ALT specific TRF2 regions overlap with endogenous NR2C2/F2 sites. Since these sites usually do not contain telomere repeats, TRF2 is likely indirectly recruited. Consistent with this interpretation, we show that NR2C/F factors drive locus proximity. Moreover, a subset of these unique genomic regions harbor heterogeneous ALT telomere sequence additions, not only suggesting a telomere recruitment role for NR2C/F proteins but also a recombination targeting function in the genome. Consistently, we find these telomere/genome rearrangements are located close to endogenous GGGTCA motifs. Next, we wanted to evaluate a role of these rearrangements in formation of complex karyotype which characterize approximately 50% of sarcomas. We found by spectral karyotyping that interstitial telomeric sites are frequently located at translocation/ rearrangements sites between two or more chromosomes, which we could also observe in our ChIPseq data. Furthermore, we demonstrate that addition of interstitial telomeric sites to the genome is enhanced by DNA damage and specific for ALT genome. Therefore we conclude that NR2C/F factors target telomere proximity to defined NR2C/F regions which enables telomere-genome rearrangements under DNA damage condition. This contributes not only to efficient telomere recombination, but also it drives further genomic instability at selected NR2C/F sites.We believe we identified a new mechanism of telomere dysfunction potentially driving targeted genome instability and mediated by NR2C/F proteins in ALT cells which probably underlie complexity of sarcomas genome. Understanding the ALT mechanism allows designing NR2C/F-targeted therapies in treatment of ALT tumors and therapies for patients treated with anti-telomerase drugs to prevent ALT appearance
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Alt, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Muster gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe in Mainz / Katharina Alt." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119193215X/34.
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Stagno, d'Alcontres Martina. "Deconstructing the ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia bodies." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30783.
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Cells in which Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is activated have been reported to contain a novel PML nuclear body (PML-NB) known as ALT-associated PML body (APB). These large, donut-shaped nuclear structures are unique to telomerase-negative cells and contain, among others, PML, telomeric DNA, the telomere binding proteins TRF1 and TRF2, MRE11 and NBS1. APBs can be correlated with ALT in that they appear when the telomere length pattern becomes characteristic of ALT positive cells and are not found in telomerase positive cell lines. The exact role of these bodies in telomere maintenance and/or protection is as yet unclear as there have been few studies carried out to determine the functional involvement of the specific components. Our study aims at the identification of the essential components of this structure and, ultimately, at studying the effect of APB alterations on telomere length and genomic stability. We began by determining the percentage of APB-positive cells within our chosen cell lines, and found that there were a higher proportion of APB positive cells than reported in the literature. In order to determine the role of PML in formation of APB, we employed RNA interference oligonucleotides directed against nuclear PML. Interestingly, decreased speckled distribution of MRE11 and TRF1 was observed in PML-depleted cells. In contrast, TRF2 was not affected, and its down-regulation has no clear effect on MRE11 or TRF1 localization. TRF2 silencing results in telomere erosion, thus suggesting that in ALT cells TRF2 regulates telomere length. In addition, TRF2 depletion causes inhibition of colony formation, increased cell size, p21 upregulation and induction of genomic instability. Although in ALT cells active ATM is found at APBs, it is only following TRF2 silencing that the ATM target p53 becomes phosphorylated and activated. This study sheds new light on the role of the APB components PML and TRF2 in ALT cells.
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Johnson, David Ward. "New applications for poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride)." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/886/.
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The project throughout is an iterative development of an understanding of poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) in terms of both its physical behaviour and chemistry. Chapter one involves a thorough and rigorous characterisation of the polymer, and three principle things are established: the polymer is structurally uniform, reacts in a predictable and quantitative manner, closely analogous to that of small molecule anhydrides. It was with this knowledge that further applications could then be developed. In chapter two the polymer is reacted with a series of different hydrophobic and hydrophilic amines in order to create a series of polymers which allowed the mechanism of ice re-crystallisation to be probed. The findings show that hydrophobic volume appears to play an important role in the mechanism of ice re-crystallisation. This finding allowed for tentative developments to be made on the existing theories surrounding antifreeze glycol protein mimicking polymers. Chapter three involved the reaction of the polymer with varying amounts of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amines in order to induce their self assembly in water. The results demonstrated that when the concentration of hydrophobic amines is low that the polymer aggregates can disperse as a small molecule surfactant might. In addition, to this the hydrophobically modified polymers were able to self assemble intra-molecularly at concentration below the critical aggregation concentration providing an opportunity to create complex encapsulation systems. In addition, it was shown that the introduction of small amounts of hydrophilic amines onto the polymer backbone resulted in aggregates forming wherein the remaining anhydride units form the core, consequently there was shown to be a limited period of time in which further reactions could be undertaken such as cross-linking or the immobilisation of nucleophilic compounds. This presents the opportunity for easily manufactured, multi –purpose carrier nano-aggregates for useful compounds, examples may include dispersing or solubilising a hydrophobic drug. Chapter four deals with the production of hydrophobic surfaces by a trivial and easily replicable mechanism, namely by creating a phase separated polymer film and etching away of one of the polymer phases by dissolving it in a solvent selective for one polymer only. While this did not result in a super-hydrophobic surface the contact angle was observed to increase markedly over analogous flat thin films and presents ample opportunity for future optimisation.
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Čiučelytė, Ilma. "Lietuvos šėmųjų karvių kepenų fermentų kitimo dinamika." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_135308-02460.
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Norint diagnozuoti kepenų funkcijos pažeidimus yra atliekami biocheminiai kraujo tyrimai. Net mažiausius paktimus kepenyse parodo kepenų fermentų padidėjimas, arba sumažėjimas kraujo serume. Mūsų tikslas buvo įvertinti 3 fermentų kitimo dinamiką (laktatdehydrogenazę (LDH), šarminę fosfatazę (ALPL) , aspartatamino transferazę (AST)) ganykliniu ir tvartiniu laikotarpiais. Rezultatai parodė, kad šarminės fosfatazės rodikliai buvo didžiausi tvartiniu laikotarpiu, o ganykliniame laikotarpyje ženkliai krito. Tačiau aspartatamino transferazės ir laktatdehydrogenazės aktyvumas svyravo nepriklausomai nuo laikotarpio.In order to diagnose a hepatic disorder a biochemical blood test was carried out. Even slight changes in hepatic function show a decrease or an increase in the concentration of hepatic enzymes. Our aim was to monitor 3 enzymes: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aminotransferase (AST). From the results of the blood test we deduced hepatic enzyme funcionality of local Lithuanian cow breed („ Lietuvos šėmųjų“). The experiment was carried out during indoor and pasture periods. The greatest activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed during the pasture period and during the indoor period its activity was greatly reduced. The activity of aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase was independent on the season.
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Sibanda, Thabani. "Capital budgeting practices : an empirical study of companies listed on the ALT X." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/36801.
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The main focus of this study is the analysis of the capital budgeting practices and techniques implemented by companies listed on the Alternative Exchange (Alt X) of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE). Dayananda, Iron, Harrison, Herbohn and Rowland (2002) explain that capital budgeting is the process through which companies assess various sizeable investments, both tangible and intangible, to determine the most viable investment projects for the company. Dayananda et al. (2002) further explain that viable investment projects are ventures that correspond with the company’s objective of maximising shareholder wealth. Therefore, the capital budgeting process used by a company is very influential to its long-term sustainability. Ryan and Ryan (2002) add that an effective capital budgeting process employs appropriate measures and accurate techniques that ensure the company invests only in the most lucrative proposed projects.
This study commences by presenting a general introduction into the research conducted, offering background insight that explains the need for a study of this nature. The research problem that was identified is discussed, followed by the purpose statement of the study and a definition of all the research objectives that guide the study. Furthermore, the academic value and intended contribution of the study as well as its practical benefits are disclosed. The introductory chapter also consists of the delimitations of the study and the key concepts covered in this study.
In order to provide a complete analysis of the capital budgeting practices employed by the companies listed on the Alt X, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. This highlighted the importance of capital budgeting as well as the capital budgeting behaviour of large firms in South Africa and internationally. What emerged from this research was that the capital budgeting practices and techniques implemented by large companies generally tend to align with the recommendations of financial theory which advocates the use of discounted cash flow techniques and a discount rate that accounts for all sources of funds available to the company. The literature review also assesses studies conducted on the capital budgeting practices of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), the category under which Alt X listed companies fall. Findings from those studies reveal that SMEs traditionally employ inferior capital budgeting techniques in comparison to their
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larger counterparts and use no formal procedures to calculate an acceptable rate of return required from proposed investment projects.
The theoretical background gained from the literature review is complimented by an empirical analysis which investigates the actual capital budgeting behaviour of the SMEs listed on the Alt X. Companies included in the study were from all seven sectors represented on the Alt X and selection was limited only to those with an active primary listing on this board. A web-based survey comprising of 28 questions was formulated using Survey Monkey Software to collect and analyse responses. The survey was divided into sections which included questions about respondent demographics, company profiles, capital budgeting practices implemented, capital rationing and the use of discount rates. The survey remained active for a period of eight weeks to allow sufficient time for all respondents invited to participate. A total of 15 responses were obtained from this process when the survey was closed to further responses. The research design, methodology and techniques that guided this study are also disclosed in this dissertation.
The final part of this dissertation contains research findings obtained from analysing the primary data gathered through the survey. These findings are analysed and interpreted in isolation, by relating them to findings from comparable studies of the same population as well as to similar studies conducted both locally and internationally. Finally, this dissertation concludes by summarising all research findings derived from the literature review and the empirical study. It also presents recommendations and areas for further study that could be of academic and practical value to the field of finance.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
gm2014
Financial Management
unrestricted
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Braun, Michael [Verfasser], and Florian [Akademischer Betreuer] Alt. "Affective automotive user interfaces / Michael Braun ; Betreuer: Florian Alt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215499809/34.
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Winkler, Gertraud. "Die Wortbildung mit "-lich" im Alt-, Mittel- und Frühneuhochdeutschen /." Heidelberg : Universitätsverl. Winter, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39035992d.
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Perrem, Kilian Thomas. "Molecular Studies of an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism." University of Sydney. Children's Medical Research Institute, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/793.
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Telomeres are specialised structures, consisting of TTAGGG DNA repeats and binding proteins, that cap the ends of human chromosomes and maintain chromosome integrity. It has been shown that telomeres shorten with each round of cell division in most normal human somatic cells. It has become generally accepted that this shortening is due, in part, to the inability of DNA polymerases to replicate the extreme ends of chromosomes which is a phenomenon known as the �end replication problem�. An intriguing hypothesis that has emerged from these observations is that critically shortened telomeres trigger growth arrest and senescence. This is regarded as a key determining factor in the limited lifespan of normal cells in culture and is commonly known as the �Telomere Hypothesis of Senescence�. In support of this hypothesis it has been demonstrated that immortalised human cells, that have an unlimited lifespan in culture, maintain stable telomere lengths and do not undergo progressive telomere shortening. In most cases this is due to the ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase, the activation of which is as a key step in the immortalisation process. Telomerase compensates for sequential telomere shortening by utilising an RNA template to catalyse the addition of repeat sequences by reverse transcription. It is absent from most normal tissue but is present in the germline and is presumably downregulated during development. Significantly, analysis of human tumour cells has shown that a majority also have active telomerase, which supports the importance of immortalisation in tumourigenesis. Previous work in this laboratory has shown that, although the majority of in vitro immortalised cells and tumour cells that have been studied maintain telomeres by reactivation of telomerase, a proportion do not have detectable telomerase activity. These telomerase-negative cells still maintain telomeres, however, and this is via a mechanism(s) yet to be fully elucidated known as Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT). ALT is characterised, in addition to lack of telomerase activity, by extreme telomere length heterogeneity with telomere lengths ranging from over 50 kilobases (kb) of DNA to almost undetectable. This phenotype is evident, by Southern analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH), in all ALT cells. Alternative mechanisms of telomere maintenance, via retrotransposition and recombination, had already been characterised in lower eukaryotes. It has been shown in this laboratory that ALT cell lines and tumours contain a novel type of PML body, referred to as ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs). APBs have been found in all of the ALT cell lines so far tested and also in archival tumour sections, and contain a number of factors which co-localise. These include PML, TTAGGG repeats, TRF 1 & TRF 2 telomere binding proteins and proteins involved in homologous recombination: RAD51 & RAD52. More recently, it has been shown that the RAD50/Mre11/Nbs1 complex, which is involved in cell cycle checkpoint control and repair of DNA damage, is also present in APBs. The presence of these RAD proteins in APBs is of great interest as a recombination between telomeres has been proposed as the central mechanism by which ALT lengthens telomeres. Studies in yeast have identified such a mechanism and it was proposed that a similar process occurred in human immortal cells that utilise ALT. It has now been shown by this laboratory that a recombination mechanism is indeed evident at the telomeres of ALT cells. To date all in vitro immortalised cell lines and most tumour cell types that have been studied have a telomere maintenance mechanism either via telomerase or ALT. Targeting telomerase has become a major focus of anti-cancer research as inhibitors have the potential to treat a wide variety of different tumour types. An understanding of ALT and its regulation is likely to be important in such therapeutic strategies, as selective pressure due to telomerase inhibition may result in ALT revertants within the tumour mass. Development of inhibitors of both telomerase and ALT may therefore be required when targeting telomere maintenance. The main focus of this thesis is the understanding of ALT repression in the SV40 immortalised skin fibroblast cell line GM847, as a means to further understanding the mechanism of ALT. The data presented provide new insights into the repression of ALT and also the relationship between telomerase and ALT which is important for our understanding of telomere maintenance in human cancer. Hybrids formed by fusion of normal cells and ALT cells underwent rapid telomere loss followed by senescence, indicating that normal cells contain factors that repress ALT. This strongly suggests that ALT is recessive and is activated in part by loss or mutation of repressors. Similar experiments were performed with ALT cells and telomerasepositive cells, and the resulting hybrids were all telomerase-positive and ALT repressed. It is possible that the same negative regulators are involved as additional data show that telomerase does not act as an ALT inhibitor. Exogenous expression of telomerase in ALT cells did not repress ALT, but both mechanisms co-existed in these transfected cells. This result provides a further argument for targeting both ALT and telomerase in any future treatments of tumours as it demonstrates in principle that these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive. A serendipitous finding was that a dominant-negative telomerase catalytic subunit caused telomere shortening in ALT cells, had not been reported elsewhere, and indeed was in contrast to previous findings. This provided further evidence for a link between telomerase and ALT as it suggested that there were essential components that were common to both pathways. As a further means to understanding ALT repression, a series of experiments was performed to determine the chromosomal localisation of ALT repressor(s) by microcell mediated chromosome transfer. This was done to facilitate the eventual isolation of repressors. A repressor of ALT in the chemically immortalised fibroblast cell line SUSM-1, had been reported to be localised to chromosome 7. This result could not be repeated in the GM847 cell line, but ALT repression was evident in GM847 cells upon transfer of chromosome 6. Another important question regarding the nature of ALT is the structure and sequence of the long heterogeneous telomeres generated by ALT specific recombination, which is the focus of the final series of data that is presented. ALT telomere length heterogeneity was detected under denaturing conditions, ruling out the possibility that it was an artefact of electrophoresis conditions due to novel secondary structure. Although the hybridisation signal intensity of TTAGGG increases at the onset of immortalisation in ALT cells, it had been demonstrated by restriction digests that degenerate repeats did exist at the telomeres of some ALT cell lines. Sequences containing telomere repeats were cloned from the ALT cell line WI38 VA13/2RA (SV40 immortalised fibroblasts) and these were found to be interspersed with a number of other sequence fragments. The significance of these sequences in relation to the mechanism of ALT is discussed.
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Babiceanu, Mihaela. "Analysis of the Allergenic Potential of the Ubiquitous Airborne Fungus Alternaria Using Bioinformatics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73007.
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Among the environmental airborne fungi one of the most common is Alternaria alternata. From a clinical perspective Alternaria has long been associated with IgE-mediated, histamine-dependent mold allergy, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma. Recently it has been proven that an abnormal immunological response to Alternaria most likely contributes to the pathogenesis of upper respiratory airway disorders. In this body of work, we present for the first time results of several sets of experiments including, 1) the analysis of A. alternata spore germination expressed sequence tags (ESTs), 2) the survey of global allergen homologues in fungal genomes, and 3) the first microarray experiment investigating airway epithelial cell responses to this fungus.
In the first project, the analyses of the EST dataset offered a first look into the gene content of A. alternata and represents the beginning of future research of this ubiquitous fungus. Annotation and classification of ESTs revealed a number of genes that could be involved in the immunomodulation process of the human immune response toward fungi. We also discovered that the majority of known allergens are expressed during the spore germination phase of A. alternata.
For investigating the allergenic potential of fungi we developed a whole genome approach by querying fungal genome sequences (A. alternata, A. brassicicola, and Aspergillus fumigatus) with a database of all known allergenic proteins from a taxonomically diverse group of organisms. Interestingly, we identified homologues of diverse types of allergens in these fungal genomes and also many homologues of allergens from other organisms including those from pollen, insects, and venoms.
Finally, we investigated global gene expression changes of human airway cells in response to A. alternata and an ∆alt a 1 deletion mutant. We found that wild type Alternaria spores induced significant changes in gene expression patterns in human airway epithelial cells, especially known immune response genes. Furthermore, results of these analyses revealed that Alt a 1 is a major factor in inducing epithelial inflammatory responses.Ph. D.
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Tröger, Ralph [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Alt, Rainer [Gutachter] Alt, and Wolfgang [Gutachter] Stölzle. "Supply Chain Event Management – Bedarf, Systemarchitektur und Nutzen aus Perspektive fokaler Unternehmen der Modeindustrie / Ralph Tröger ; Gutachter: Rainer Alt, Wolfgang Stölzle ; Betreuer: Rainer Alt." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1239421575/34.
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Boine, Ane Lodden. "Alt må læres. : En historisk studie av fornorskingen av samene." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Pedagogisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15944.
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Gómez, i. Grau Ferran. "Estudio sobre la toxoplasmosis en Andorra y el Alt Urgell." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/786.
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EN CASTELLANO:La toxoplasmosis es una de las más importantes zoonosis del ser humano. Esta ocasionada por Toxoplasma gondii un parásito coccidio apicomplejo de distribución cosmopolita.
En este estudio se pretende determinar y analizar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos, frente a este parásito, de tipo G y de tipo M en mujeres gestantes del Principado de Andorra y los anticuerpos de tipo G en los habitantes de las principales poblaciones de la comarca del Alt Urgell (Lleida), Bellver de Cerdanya y Martinet (Girona).
En el estudio realizado en Andorra se han analizado un total de 1936 muestras de sangre, mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI), de mujeres gestantes residentes en las siete parroquias que forman el principado obteniéndose las siguientes tasas de seroprevalencia de anticuerpos G: Andorra la Vella 43,9 %, Canillo 45 %, Encamp 47,4 %, Escaldes 52 %, La Massana 45,6%, Ordino 45 % y Sant Julià 42,9 %. La prevalencia global del principado se situó en el 45,9 %. La prevalencia global de anticuerpos M fue del 0,6 %. Agrupando la población analizada en grupos de edad se observa un significativo (p<0.05) aumento de la seroprevalencia con la edad. La seroprevalencia fué homogénea entre las siete parroquias analizadas (p=0.5274).
Para realizar el estudio de la comarca del Alt Urgell se obtuvieron un total de 2603 muestras de pacientes atendidos en la Fundació Sant Hospital de la Seu d'Urgell, residentes en alguna de las seis principales poblaciones de la zona, de ambos sexos y de todas la edades. En este caso se analizaron exclusivamente los anticuerpos de tipo G, mediante la técnica de enzimoinmunoanálisis de micropartículas (MEIA). Las tasas de seroprevalencia fueron las siguientes: Bellver de Cerdanya 55,5 %, Coll de Nargó 44,4 %, Martinet 53,8 %, Oliana 53,9 %, Organya 48,6 % y la Seu d'Urgell 50,6 %. La prevalencia global de la comarca se situó en el 51,1 %. Se obtuvo una significativa mayor seroprevalencia del sexo masculino (p<0.05) con un 56,3 % frente al 44,4 % femenino y también un significativo aumento de la tasa de seroprevalencia con la edad (p<0.05), en la población menor de 16 años la prevalencia media fue del 37,7 % mientras que a partir de los 45 años pasó a ser del 64,3 %. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de seroprevalencia de las distintas localidades analizadas tanto de manera global como comparando los distintos grupos de edad y sexos.
Las características geográficas u ocupacionales de los habitantes de las localidades analizadas no fueron factores determinantes del grado de infección por Toxoplasma gondii. Al mismo tiempo, el ambiente rural o urbano no fue en ningún caso un condicionante de la tasa de seroprevalencia.
Tanto en el Principado de Andorra como en el Alt Urgell y las poblaciones de Bellver de Cerdanya y Martinet, se observa una desprotección frente a Toxoplasma gondii, de la población femenina en edad fértil, cercana o superior al 50 %. En el segmento de edad más joven (menos de 16 años) esta desprotección puede llegar al 70 %. Por lo tanto, los análisis de control y las medidas preventivas son indispensables durante el embarazo, sobre todo en las gestantes seronegativas.
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Oppedal, Anita Iren. "Alt er metadata : Bruk av metadata i et integrert brukersystem." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-227.
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Denne hovedfagsavhandlingen setter fokus på hvordan metadata brukes i et integrert brukersystem i en bedrift.
I et informasjonsrom er informasjonsressurser fra ulike medier intergrert, og en trenger et felles “bindeledd” for å støtte bedre gjenfinning og tilgang til informasjon i informasjonsrommet. Problemet er ofte at de ulike medier bruker ulike format for beskrivelse av sine informasjonsressurser, noe som vanskeliggjør interoperabilitet mellom de ulike medier. Dersom de ulike medier kan bruke samme metadataformat til å beskrive sine informasjonsressurser, vil det bedre interoperabiliteten.
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DC) er et format utviklet med tanke på publisering av informasjonsressuser via Intranett og Internett. Det er DC som er bindeleddet i det virtuelle informasjonsrommet som denne avhandlingen tar utgangspunkt i.
Sentralt i denne avhandlingen står vurderingen av hvordan Adresseavisens indekseringsbehov kan tilfredsstilles i DC for informasjonsressurser som artikler, bilder/illustrasjoner og film. Forslag til et kjerneformat for Adresseavisens informasjonsressurser, med medieavhengige variasjoner legges frem. Dette er informasjonsressurser hvor avis er brukskontekst. Forslaget som fremlegges imøtekommer resultater fra brukerundersøkelsen, og opplysninger og observasjon av hvordan indekseringsformatene allerede benytter brukes.
Undersøkelsen har resultert i følgende funn:
• De fleste brukere velger fritekstsøk fremfor metadatasøk
• Opplæring virker inn på bruk av metadata
• Arbeidsoppgaver/Informasjonsbehov påvirker bruk av metadata
• Erfaring med databasesystemet og hyppighet i søk i databasen kan påvirke bruk av metadata
• Noen metadataelement er mer bedre egnet for søk enn andre.
Undersøkelsene gir også anbefalinger som kan være nyttige ved navngivning av metadata. Følgende fremgår av undersøkelsen:
• Forkortelser i navngivning av metadata bør unngås for å gjøre dem mer selvforklarende
• Tvetydige begreper i navngivning av metadata gjør dem mindre intuitive i forhold til forståelse for innhold
Undersøkelsen er presentert med stolpediagram og tabeller, som er metoder som kan brukes til kvalitative analyser.
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Alt, Isabel Teresa [Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Plietker. "Eisenkatalysierte C-H-Aminierungsreaktionen / Isabel Teresa Alt ; Betreuer: Bernd Plietker." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1178424723/34.
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Buschek, Daniel [Verfasser], and Florian [Akademischer Betreuer] Alt. "Behaviour-aware mobile touch interfaces / Daniel Buschek ; Betreuer: Florian Alt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164377337/34.
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Romare, Elisabeth. "Präpositionen und Präpositionalisierungsprozesse : der räumliche Bereich im Alt- und Mittelniederdeutschen /." Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410998198.
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Rakei, Abdollkarim. "Wasserhaushalt eines Alt- und Jungkiefernbestandes auf Rostbraunerde des Grunewaldes (Berlin) /." Berlin : Technische Univ, 1992. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/018498043.pdf.
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Orr, Katherine. "Roller Derby Performativity: Utilizing Alt Narratives in the Composition Classroom." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/750.
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Identity is not fixed but rather performed through interactions. The eminent philosopher and gender theorist, Judith Butler famously investigates performativity in her research on gender. Butler asserts that “gender is not a performance that a prior subject elects to do, but gender is performative in the sense that it constitutes as an effect the very subject it appears to express” (314, emphasis original). She believes that gender identity is performative because it constitutes itself though actions, gestures, and speech. This project seeks to investigate the performative nature of roller derby personas, highlighting the identities of the characters in the movie Whip It and the comic series “Slam!” to help students learn to perform an academic identity in writing. Reading roller derby texts through the lens of performativity can be a useful pedagogical tool because it helps students see that a writer’s identity can be carefully crafted into an academic persona. In this project, I examine these texts to discover how roller derby personas are constructed and performed. The texts introduce freshmeat skaters to roller derby and explore how their new derby persona is negotiated and informed by the derby community. By creating a new persona, the characters are able to constitute it through their performance. Students in First Year Composition are undergoing a similar process to the freshmeat skaters: they are learning to craft an academic identity when they enter the university. Ultimately, a performative academic identity can lead to greater agency both in and out of the classroom because it helps students take a stance and control their performance as writers.
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Auchter, Morgan. "Implication de la topoisomérase IIIa dans la stabilité chromosomique au cours de la recombinaison télomérique des cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4008.
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Dans les cellules somatiques, les télomères s'érodent à chaque division cellulaire. Ce processus appelé « Sénescence Réplicative» est contrebalancé de manière basale chez la levure bourgeonnante S. cerevisiae par l'action de la télomérase qui, alors qu'elle est inactive dans les cellules somatiques des eucaryotes supérieures, est activée dans 85% des cancers. Un autre mécanisme impliqué dans les 15% des cas de cancer restants et est appelé Alternative Lengthening of Telomere (ALT). Dans ce processus, le maintien des télomères est assuré par des mécanismes de recombinaison télomérique induisant des échanges de séquences télomériques de chromatides sœurs (T-SCE).Nous avons évalué l'existence d'ALT dans la LLC-B connue pour rarement exprimer la télomérase. Nous avons montrer que 90% des patients LLC-B présentent une diminution de l'expression de TopoIIIα corrélée à une méthylation plus importante des îlots CpG de la région promotrice du gène suggérant que dans les LLC-B le maintien des télomères est défectueux.Nous avons étudié l'implication de la SUMOylation de TopoIIIα/Top3 dans les mécanismes de régulation du ALT. Nous avons montré que TopoIIIα était SUMOylée in vitro et in vivo au sein des cellules U2-OS ALT. Nous avons aussi observé chez S. cerevisiae que Top3 ne serait SUMOylée qu'en absence d'une activité télomérase. Nos résultats suggèrent que la SUMOylation de TopoIIIα augmenterait son activité in vitro et in vivo en diminuant son affinité pour les télomères une fois la recombinaison achevée et qu'elle serait requise pour son accumulation dans les APBs mais pas pour leur formationIn somatic cells, telomeres erode with each cell division. This process named « Replicative Senescence » is basically counterbalanced in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the action of telomerase which, while it is inactive in somatic cells of higher eukaryotes is activated in 85 % of cancer cases. Another process of telomere maintenance is involved in 15% of remaining cancer cases and is called Alternative Lengthening of Telomere (ALT). In this process, telomere maintenance is provided by telomeric recombination mechanisms inducing exchange of telomeric sister chromatid (T-SCE).We assessed the existence of an ALT mechanism in B-CLL known to rarely express telomerase. We have shown that 90% of B-CLL patients have a decreased expression of TopoIIIα correlated with largest methylation of CpG islands of the gene promoter region. Our results suggest that in B-CLL, telomere maintenance is defective either by telomerase or ALT mechanism.We investigated the involvement of post- SUMOylation of TopoIIIα/Top3 in mechanisms regulating ALT phenomenon. We have shown that TopoIIIα was SUMOylated in vitro and in vivo in U2-OS ALT cells. We also observed in S. cerevisiae that Top3p might be SUMOylated in absence of telomerase activity. Our results suggested that the SUMOylation of TopoIIIα increased its activity in vitro and in vivo by reducing its affinity for telomeres once recombination occurred and would be required for its accumulation in APBs but not for their formation
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Seidel, Wiebke [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Alt-Epping, Bernd [Gutachter] Alt-Epping, and Rheinwall Nicole [Gutachter] Steinbüchel-. "Symptome, Belastungen und palliativmedizinischer Handlungsbedarf im Verlauf inkurabler Krebserkrankungen im Kopf- und Halsbereich / Wiebke Seidel ; Gutachter: Bernd Alt-Epping, Nicole Steinbüchel- Rheinwall ; Betreuer: Bernd Alt-Epping." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206731656/34.
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GOTO, HIDEMI, HISAO HAYASHI, NAOKI MIZUTANI, TAKASHI KUMADA, HIDENORI TOYODA, MOTOYOSHI YANO, SHINYA WAKUSAWA, et al. "Biochemical Staging of the Chronic Hepatic Lesions of Wilson Disease." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19492.
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Rhein, Adolf [Verfasser]. "Alt-Erfurter Einband-Meister. Werkstätten und Einbände. Anhang : Stempellisten / Adolf Rhein." Erfurt : Universitätsbibliothek Erfurt, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019516720/34.
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Depping, Reinhard. "Charakterisierung der ADP-Ribosyltransferasen ModA, ModB und Alt des Bakteriophagen T4." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964586479.
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Hoffmann, Kurt [Verfasser]. "Jung und Alt. Dialog der Generationen : Analysen - Perspektiven - Modelle / Kurt Hoffmann." Hamburg : Diplom.de, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1117543609/34.
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Dahm, Ulrike. "Opferkult und Priestertum in Alt-Israel : ein kultur- und religionswissenschaftlicher Beitrag /." Berlin : Walter De Gruyter, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39051433z.
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Bauer, Renate. "Adversus judaeos : Juden und Judentum im Spiegel alt- und mittelenglischer Texte /." Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41114081s.
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Stigermark, Anton. "Alt-Modernism : Challenging the idea of postmodernism as a left-wing movement." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324280.
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In this thesis, I’m working from the premise that postmodernism hitherto has been associated with the left. The next line of argument is, however, that this relation is contingent and that there is no necessity in postmodernisms association with left-wing ideas and political ambitions. To challenge this assumption, I intend to demonstrate that the Alt-Right, a far-right movement, at least in some respects can be considered as postmodern. If there is indeed cause to think of the Alt-Right as postmodern, then we would have to rethink postmodernisms political inclination. I intend to operationalize this by looking at the Alt-Right’s views on the changeability of politics and the social world, and pop culture, through the lens of a set of postmodern ideas. In particular, postmodern ideas concerning language, discourse and culture, and in doing so get a grip on whether it is correct to view the Alt-Right as postmodern or not. If a connection between the Alt-Right and postmodernism indeed exists, then we would have to rethink the necessity in the left-wing nature of postmodernism.
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Eriksson, Elin. "Perceptions of Women in the Far-Right : A Comparative Ideology Analysis of Far-Right Perceptions of Women." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444733.
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This bachelor’s thesis aspires to contribute to the field of research concerning women and far-right extremism. Scholars have during recent years called attention to the surge of far-right extremism and female participation in jihadi terrorism. However, when these fields of research meet, various knowledge gaps are distinguishable. The explicit research gap that this thesis aims to fill concerns a lack of comparative research on how men and women in the extreme-right perceive women. To fill this gap, this thesis aspires to describe how women are perceived, on a sex-disaggregated basis, in the far-right extremist movement by answering the research question: How do the female far-right extremists in Proud Girls and the male far-right extremists in Proud Boys' perception of women differ? Using the gender-separated US extreme-right group Proud Boys/Proud Girls as a typical case, the study performs an ideology analysis to distinguish how the groups perceive women. Thus, this study contributes to the field by presenting a comparative analysis of how extreme right perceives women. The results of the study suggest a difference in how Proud Boys and Proud Girls perceive women as the former conveys a more misogynist perception whereas the latter adheres to a more empowering view of women.
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Alt, Simon [Verfasser]. "Steuerungs- und Regelungsentwurf für Transportsysteme mit örtlich verteilt wirkendem Stelleingriff / Simon Alt." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138179167/34.
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Smith, Steve, and Albert Dobrenz. "Improved Alt Tolerance in Alfalfa: Past Success and Prospects for the Future." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200537.
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Lind, Peter. ""Strunt alt hvad du orerar" : Carl Michael Bellman, ordensretoriken och Bacchi Orden." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för retorik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-214576.
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The 1760's and 1770's saw the emergence of numerous clubs, orders and societies in Stockholm. One of the most extraordinary expressions of this phenomenon was Carl Michael Bellman's Bacchi Orden, a series of semi-public dramatic entertainments chronicling the exploits of the members of Bacchi Orden, a fictional society enrolling several of Stockholm's most notorious drunkards and dedicated to the celebration of Bacchus. Bellman's parodic perspective stands in marked contrast to the self-professed virtuous undertakings of Stockholm's contemporary clubs and orders, whose members were recruited from the social and economic elites and professional and artisanal classes. The main purpose of the dissertation was to study the ceremonial rhetorical practices of Bacchi Orden - speeches, processions and other features designed to enhance the members' loyalty to the society's chosen ideal - and compare them to similar rhetorical traits in several orders and societies of the era in Stockholm to understand what made Bellman's parody work as an entertainment. The dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter introduces Bacchi Orden as a parodic and dramatic work and the eighteenth-century associations as cultural and social institutions. The second chapter outlines the use of ceremonial rhetoric in a number of orders and societies in Stockholm contemporary with Bacchi Orden. Through a combined chronological and thematic approach, the third chapter examines recurring rhetorical patterns in Bellman's parody and the rhetorical implications these patterns might have signaled to his audicence. The ceremonial rhetorical practices of Bacchi Orden may be interpreted as parodying rhetorical commonplaces occuring in all the examined orders' pledges to uphold certain virtues for the benefit of the Swedish nation. This system of virtues - with moderation, patriotism and diligence as cornerstones - is put to parodic use in Bacchi Orden through the different breaches of decorum Bellman allows his characters to act out in their doomed endeavors to combine ceremonial protocol and severe intoxication. As a contrast, friendly and frank companionship among the selected few is the one positive virtue that Bellman's audience can infer from his mock-society. This particular tenet became central to subsequent social clubs, which used Bellman's fiction as a template for their ceremonies.
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Alt, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Synergiepotentiale von Benzin-Direkteinspritzung in Verbindung mit weiteren verbrauchsreduzierenden Technologien / Matthias Alt." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1166516423/34.
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Herrmann, Andrew F. "I Hit the Ctrl-Alt-Del Button': Technology Professionals’ Stories of Quitting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/822.
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Perez, Alyssa Cathryn. "“Make America Great Again”: Political Rhetoric of the American Alt-Right Movement." Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21128.
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On November 8th, 2016, Republican nominee Donald Trump was elected President of the United States of America. On November 9th, 2016, Twitter was flooded with messages hashtagged #TrumpsAmerica which narrated various ways that marginalized groups were being attacked, verbally or physically, by self-proclaimed Trump supporters whose inappropriate actions had been legitimized by Trump’s election into office. Many Americans were in shock upon receiving the news of the new President Elect. Jon Ronson, journalist and author of The Elephant in the Room: A Journey into the Trump Campaign and the Alt-Right, stated in the closing remarks of his book that “the alt-right’s small gains in popularity will not be enough to win Trump the election […] but if some disaster unfolds […] and Trump gets elected […] that is terrifying” (2016: 793). Ronson’s book was published before the election had concluded, and his closing remarks haunt many Americans who are now just that—terrified. Still others ponder at how the country transitioned from the progressive era of the Obama administration to the election of a man who helped inspire the 2016 word of the year, “post-truth”. What many believed was a joke in the Republican primaries has suddenly evolved into a Presidency that is all too real. Many Americans believed Trump appeared out of nowhere, ran his mouth carelessly during his campaign, and was elected by the racist, xenophobic, anti-Semitic, and homophobic population of America, more specifically known as the Alternative Right Movement. Matthew Lyons, author of “Ctrl, Alt, Delete: The Origins and Ideology of the Alternative Right”, defines the Alt-Right movement as “a loosely organized far-right movement that shares a contempt for both liberal multiculturalism and mainstream conservatism [which] combines White nationalism, misogyny, anti-Semitism, and authoritarianism in various forms and in political styles ranging from intellectual argument to violent invective” (2017: 2). He continues to note the Alt-Right maintains, “a belief that some people are inherently superior to others; a strong internet presence and embrace of specific elements of online culture; and a self-presentation as being new, hip, and irreverent” (Lyons 2017: 2). However, this alt-right rhetoric which Trump stands for has always been a counter-narrative throughout American political history, quietly lingering in the shadows until the moment it could finally reveal itself.
My paper will be focusing specifically on this counter-narrative that has pervaded throughout American political history and how the alt-right has evolved and harnessed this rhetorical narrative to create an environment that has lent itself to the election of a man such as Donald Trump. By first establishing the necessity of using a rhetorical lens with which to evaluate the 2016 American Presidential election, I will then trace the rhetorical genealogy in order to show the gradual ascension of alt-right rhetoric through American political history, concluding with the election of Trump.
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König, Stefan. "Regers Hymnus der Liebe für Bariton (oder Alt) und Orchester op. 136." Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Musikgeschichte in Mittel- und Osteuropa an der Universität Leipzig, 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32330.
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Henson, Jeremy D. "The role of Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in human cancer." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1533.
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Doctor of PhilosophyActivation of a telomere maintenance mechanism is a vital step in the development of most cancers and provides a target for the selective killing of cancer cells. Cancers can use either telomerase or Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) to maintain their telomeres and inhibition of either telomere maintenance mechanism can cause cancer cells to undergo senescence or apoptosis. Although telomerase inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials, on commencing this study very little was known about the role of ALT in cancer, what proteins were involved in its mechanism and regulation and how it could be targeted clinically. The primary aim of this thesis was to develop an assay for ALT suitable for examining archived tumour specimens and to begin using it to examine the prevalence and clinical significance of ALT in cancer. This assay and gene expression analysis was also used to identify genes that are involved in or associated with the activation of the ALT mechanism, to contribute towards the overall goal of an ALT cancer therapy. The ALT mechanism involves recombination mediated replication and ALT cells have a marked increase in a range of recombinational events specifically at their telomeres. Presumably, as a consequence of this the telomere lengths of ALT cells are very heterogeneous and on average long. This can be detected by terminal restriction fragment (TRF) Southern analysis, which has been used previously as the definitive test for ALT activity. However, TRF analysis requires intact genomic DNA and is unsuitable for tumour specimens which are commonly archived by paraffin embedding. Another hallmark of ALT is ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) which are the subset of PML bodies that contain telomeric DNA. Work done in this study to consolidate APBs as a hallmark of ALT, combined with published data, showed 29/31 ALT[+], 3/31 telomerase[+] and 0/10 mortal cell lines/strains are APB[+]. The three APB[+]/telomerase[+] cell lines identified here had an order of magnitude lower frequency of APB[+] nuclei than the ALT[+] cell lines. APBs may be functionally linked to the ALT mechanism and contain the recombination proteins that are thought to be involved in the ALT mechanism. This study, in collaboration with Dr W-Q Jiang, strengthened this functional link by demonstrating that loss of ALT activity (as determined by TRF analysis) coincided with the disruption of APBs. The detection of APBs was developed into a robust assay for ALT in archived tumour specimens using a technique of combined immunofluorescence and telomere fluorescence in situ hybridisation. It was demonstrated that the APB assay concurred exactly with the standard assay for ALT (TRF analysis) in 60 tumours for which TRF analysis gave unequivocal results. The APB assay may be a more appropriate technique in the case of tumour specimen heterogeneity, which may explain why the APB assay was able to give definitive results when TRF analysis was equivocal. We demonstrated that intratumoral heterogeneity for ALT does exist and this could explain why about 3% of tumours in this study were APB[+] but with more than a ten-fold reduction in the frequency of APB[+] nuclei. This study also made the novel discovery of single stranded C-rich telomeric DNA inside APBs which potentially could be used to make the APB assay more suitable for routine pathology laboratory use. The APB assay was used to show that ALT is a significant concern for oncology. ALT was utilised in approximately one quarter of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), one third of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) including three quarters of malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH), half of osteosarcomas and one tenth of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Furthermore, the patients with these ALT[+] tumours had poor survival; median survivals were 2 years for ALT[+] GBM, 4 years for ALT[+] STS including 3.5 years for ALT[+] MFH and 5 years for ALT[+] osteosarcoma. ALT[+] STS and osteosarcomas were also just as aggressive as their ALT[-] counterparts in terms of grade and patient outcome. ALT status was not found to be associated with response to chemotherapy in osteosarcomas or survival in STS. ALT was however, less prevalent in metastatic STS. The APB assay was a prognostic indicator for GBM and was correlated with three fold increased median survival in GBM (although this survival was still poor). ALT was more common in lower grade astrocytomas (88% ALT[+]) than GBM (24% ALT[+]) and ALT[+] GBM had an identical median age at diagnosis to that reported for secondary GBM. It is discussed that these data indicate that ALT was indirectly associated with secondary GBM and is possibly an early event in its progression from lower grade astrocytoma. This is relevant because secondary GBM have distinct genetic alterations that may facilitate activation of the ALT mechanism. Putative repressors of ALT could explain why this study found that ALT varied among the different STS subtypes. ALT was common in MFH (77%), leiomyosarcoma (62%) and liposarcoma (33%) but rare in rhabdomyosarcoma (6%) and synovial sarcoma (9%). ALT was not found in colorectal carcinoma (0/31) or thyroid papillary carcinoma (0/17) which have a high prevalence of telomerase activity and a reduced need for a telomere maintenance mechanism (low cell turnover), respectively. A yeast model of ALT predicts that one of the five human RecQ helicases may be required for ALT. Using the APB assay to test for the presence of ALT in tumours from patients with known mutations in either WRN or RECQL4 it was demonstrated that neither of these RecQ helicases is essential for ALT. Although p53 and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins have been suggested to be possible repressors of ALT, there was no apparent increase in the frequency of ALT in tumours from patients with a germline mutation in p53 codon 273 or in colorectal carcinomas that had microsatellite instability and thus MMR deficiency. Also contrary to being a repressor of ALT but consistent with its ability to interact with a protein involved in the ALT mechanism, the MMR protein MLH1, was demonstrated to be present in the APBs of an ALT[+] cell line. To further test for genes that may be involved in the ALT mechanism or associated with its activation, RNA microarray was used to compare the gene expression of 12 ALT[+] with 12 matched telomerase[+] cell lines; 240 genes were identified that were significantly differentially expressed (p<0.005) between the ALT[+] and telomerase[+] cell lines. Only DRG2 and SFNX4 were significantly differentially expressed after adjusting for the estimated false positive rate. Overall, DRG2, MGMT and SATB1 were identified as most likely to be relevant to the ALT[+] tumours and Western analysis indicated that DRG2 and MGMT levels were down-regulated after activation of ALT and up-regulated after activation of telomerase, whereas SATB1 protein levels appeared to be up-regulated after immortalisation but to a higher degree with activation of ALT compared to telomerase. Since lack of MGMT is known to be a determinant of temozolomide sensitivity in GBM, the possibility that ALT and the APB assay could be used to predict temozolomide sensitivity is discussed. The microarray data was consistent with MGMT expression being suppressed by EGF (p < 0.05), indicating that caution may be needed with combining EGFR inhibitors with temozolomide in ALT cancers. One ALT[+] cell line which did not express MGMT had TTAA sequence in its telomeres. This could possibly have resulted from mutations due to lack of MGMT expression and a possible role for MGMT in the ALT mechanism is discussed. Further analysis of the microarray data identified two groups of co-regulated genes (p < 5x10-5): CEBPA, TACC2, SFXN4, HNRPK and MGMT, and SIGIRR, LEF1, NSBP1 and SATB1. Two thirds of differentially expressed genes were down-regulated in ALT. Chromosomes 10 and 15 had a bias towards genes with lower expression in ALT while chromosomes 1, 4, 14 and X had a bias towards genes with higher expression levels in ALT. This work has developed a robust assay for ALT in tumour specimens which was then used to show the significance of ALT in sarcomas, astrocytomas and NSCLC. It has also identified genes that could possibly be molecular targets for the treatment of ALT[+] cancers.
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Hamdi, Elagab Ali [Verfasser], and Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Alt. "Synthesis of Mononuclear Transition Metal Complexes and their Applications as Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization / Hamdi Ali Elagab. Betreuer: Helmut Alt." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1059696339/34.
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Mata, Benedicto Josep. "El simbolisme de l'orientació en el temple romànic : el bisbat de la Seu d'Urgell, S. IX-XII." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405457.
Full textAbstract:
Aquest treball planteja la hipòtesi que el temple romànic es troba íntimament relacionat amb el cicle anual del Sol, des el propi ritual de l’orientació, passant per la construcció o la fundació. A aquesta tesi, es demostra que el temple romànic està orientat en un arc de 64, del grau 50 o solstici d’estiu, al grau 122 o solstici d’hivern, i per tant resta comprovat el seu simbolisme bàsicament cosmològic.
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Johnson, Natalie Marguerite. "Making America White Again: Twitter, the Alt-Right, and Colorblindness in Trump America." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1144.
Full textAbstract:
This project investigates the Alternative Right's racial discourse on Twitter. It examines to what extent the Alt-Right indicates a fundamental break from "colorblind racism", the United State's dominant racial discourse. Does the Alt-Right's ascendency and project signify a new period of racial formation? Analyzing tweets from three celebrity Alt-Right figures, Richard Spencer, David Duke, and Jared Taylor, this project finds that the Alt-Right does not indicate a new period of racial formation. Rather, they demonstrate an extremist development to that rhetoric.
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Alt, Milan [Verfasser], and U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lemmer. "Performance and processability of organic field effect transistors / Milan Alt. Betreuer: U. Lemmer." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080246312/34.
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Tkac, Jan. "Detection of telomeric DNA circles in human ALT cells using rolling circle amplification." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15217.
Full textAbstract:
Telomeres, the nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes, maintain genomic stability by protecting chromosome ends from fusion, degradation, and processing by the DNA double-strand break repair machinery. Telomere shortening, which occurs naturally in somatic cells during aging, leads to cellular senescence or apoptosis. In contrast, germline cells and cancer cells acquire unlimited replicative potential by activating a telomere
lengthening mechanism, generally via reactivating the enzyme telomerase reverse
transcriptase. To date, drug development targeting cellular immortalization in cancer has focused on telomerase inhibition. However, in a subset of tumours and in vitro-immortalized cell lines, telomeres are maintained by homologous recombination-mediated pathways, termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). ALT tumours are expected to be refractory to anti-telomerase therapies, so the ability to rapidly and reliably screen for ALT
status in tumour-derived cells is essential for guiding therapeutic strategies that target cellular immortalization. One characteristic of ALT-mediated telomere maintenance is the presence of extrachromosomal telomeric repeat-containing DNA circles (t-circles), which provide an
attractive target for detection in screening applications. Current methods oft-circle detection require considerable amounts of cells, making them unsuitable for analysis of limited clinical samples. We optimized a screen for ALT status based on a novel technique of rolling circle amplification (RCA) oft-circles from extrachromosomal DNA extracts of human ALT cells. We demonstrate that RCA requires a much lower number of cells than previously established t-circle detection methods, and screening many samples can be performed in parallel, making
RCA suitable for analyzing clinical samples. T-circles were reproducibly detected in human
immortalized ALT cell lines, but not in telomerase-utilizing cell lines. In addition, ectopic over-expression of telomerase in an ALT cell line does not appear to affect t-circle formation. This suggests that presence of active telomerase within a cell does not inhibit all
telomeric recombination reactions. The potential for RCA as a tool to screen tumour samples for ALT activity and the link between telomerase and ALT-based telomere lengthening mechanisms are discussed.
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Würtemberger, Sonja. ""Im Text-Turnier wurde keiner meiner Gegner alt" : Sängerstreit in Sangspruch und Sprechgesang." kostenfrei, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997916745/34.
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Alt, Joscha Arne [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen von physiologischen und molekularen Grundlagen der Mechanosensorik bei Insekten / Joscha Arne Alt." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185976906/34.
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