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Journal articles on the topic 'And biochemistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 February 2023

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1

Jovičić, Snežana, and Nada Majkić-Singh. "Medical Biochemistry as Subdiscipline of Laboratory Medicine in Serbia." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 36, no. 2 (2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jomb-2017-0010.

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SummaryMedical biochemistry is the usual name for clinical biochemistry or clinical chemistry in Serbia, and medical biochemist is the official name for the clinical chemist (or clinical biochemist). This is the largest sub-discipline of the laboratory medicine in Serbia. It includes all aspects of clinical chemistry, and also laboratory hematology with coagulation, immunology, etc. Medical biochemistry laboratories in Serbia and medical biochemists as a profession are part of Health Care System and their activities are regulated through: the Health Care Law and rules issued by the Chamber of Medical Biochemists of Serbia. The first continuous and organized education for Medical Biochemists (Clinical Chemists) in Serbia dates from 1945, when the Department of Medical Biochemistry was established at the Pharmaceutical Faculty in Belgrade. In 1987 at the same Faculty a five years undergraduate study program was established, educating Medical Biochemists under a special program. Since the academic year 2006/2007 the new five year undergraduate (according to Bologna Declaration) and four-year postgraduate program according to EC4 European Syllabus for Postgraduate Training in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine has been established. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health accredited these programs. There are four requirements for practicing medical biochemistry in the Health Care System: University Diploma of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Study of Medical Biochemistry), successful completion of the professional exam at the Ministry of Health after completion of one additional year of obligatory practical training in the medical biochemistry laboratories, membership in the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists and licence for skilled work issued by the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists. In order to present laboratory medical biochemistry practice in Serbia this paper will be focused on the following: Serbian national legislation, healthcare services organization, sub-disciplines of laboratory medicine and medical biochemistry as the most significant, education in medical biochemistry, conditions for professional practice in medical biochemistry, continuous quality improvement, and accreditation. Serbian healthcare is based on fundamental principles of universal health coverage and solidarity between all citizens.

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Majkić-Singh, Nada. "Education and Recognition of Professional Qualifications in the Field of Medical Biochemistry in Serbia." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 30, no. 4 (2011): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-011-0013-7.

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Education and Recognition of Professional Qualifications in the Field of Medical Biochemistry in Serbia Medical biochemistry is the usual name for clinical biochemistry or clinical chemistry in Serbia, and medical biochemist is the official name for the clinical chemist (or clinical biochemist). This is the largest sub-discipline of the laboratory medicine in Serbia. It includes all aspects of clinical chemistry, and also laboratory hematology with coagulation, immunology, etc. Medical biochemistry laboratories in Serbia and medical biochemists as a profession are part of Health Care System and their activities are regulated through: the Health Care Law and rules issued by the Chamber of Medical Biochemists of Serbia. The first continuous and organized education for Medical Biochemists (Clinical Chemists) in Serbia dates from 1945, when the Department of Medical Biochemistry was established at the Pharmaceutical Faculty in Belgrade. In 1987 at the same Faculty a five years undergraduate branch was established, educating Medical Biochemists under a special program. Since school-year 2006/2007 the new five year undergraduate (according to Bologna Declaration) and postgraduate program of four-year specialization according to EC4 European Syllabus for Post-Gradate Training in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine has been established. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health accredits the programs. There are four requirements for practicing medical biochemistry in the Health Care System: University Diploma of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Study of Medical Biochemistry), successful completion of the profession exam at the Ministry of Health after completion of one additional year of obligatory practical training in the medical biochemistry laboratories, membership in the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists and licence for skilled work issued by the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists. The process of recognition of a foreign higher education document for field of medical biochemistry is initiated on request by Candidate. The process of recognition of foreign higher education documents is performed by the University. In the process of recognition in Serbia national legislations are applied as well as international legal documents of varying legal importance.

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Majkic-Singh, Nada. "Society of medical biochemists of Serbia and Montenegro: 50 years anniversary." Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija 24, no. 3 (2005): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmh0503157m.

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Medical biochemistry (synonyms: clinical chemistry or clinical biochemistry) in the terms of professional and scientific discipline, stems from and/or has developed along with the natural sciences and its influences (mathematics, physics, chemistry and biochemistry) and medical sciences as well (physiology, genetics, cell biology). As a scientific discipline, medical biochemistry studies metabolic processes of physiological and pathological changes with humans and animals. Applying analytical chemistry's and biochemistry's techniques enables medical biochemists to gain plenty of information related to diagnosis and prognosis which serve physicians to asses the gravity of illness and prescribe healing therapy. Therefore medical biochemistry is an integral part of modern medicine. This discipline was dubbed various, often confusing names such as pathology, physiology, clinical biology, clinical pathology, chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry, medical biochemistry, clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, all depending on place of origin. The official, internationally accepted name - clinical chemistry, was mentioned for the first time in 1912 by Johan Scherer, who described his laboratory as Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (Klinisch Chemische Laboratorium) in the hospital Julius in Wurzburg in Germany. After creating national societies of clinical chemists, Professor Earl J. King of Royal Postgraduate Medical School from London incited an initiative to unite national societies into the organization with worldwide character - it was the International Association of Clinical Biochemists, monitored by the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). On 24 July 1952 in Paris, a Second International Congress of Biochemistry was held. A year later, in Stockholm, the name of a newly formed association was altered into International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, which was officially accepted in 1955 in Brussels. Today this federation-s name is International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC). Right after the World War II our medical biochemists began to gather within their expert societies. Even before 1950 Pharmaceutical Society of Serbia hosted laboratory experts among whom the most active were Prof. Dr. Aleksandar Damanski for bromatology, Prof. Dr. Momcilo Mokranjac for toxicology and Docent Dr. Pavle Trpinac for biochemistry. When the Managing Board of the Pharmaceutical Society of National Republic of Serbia held its session on 22 December 1950, an issue was raised with reference to creation of a Section that would gather together the laboratory experts. Section for Sanitary Chemistry, combining all three profiles of laboratory staff, i.e. medical biochemists, sanitary chemists and toxicologists, was founded on 1st of January 1951. On 15 May 1955, during the sixth plenum of the Society of Pharmaceutical Societies of Yugoslavia (SFRY) held in Split, the decision was passed to set up a Section for Medical Biochemistry in SFDJ. The Section for Medical Biochemistry in SFDJ was renamed into Society for Medical Biochemistry of SFDJ based on the decision passed during the 16th plenum of SFDJ, held on 15 May 1965 in Banja Luka. Pursuant to the decision passed by SMBY on 6 April 1995 and based on the historic data, 15 May was declared as being the official Day of the Society of Medical Biochemists of Yugoslavia. The purpose of YuSMB (currently SMBSCG) is to gather medical biochemists who would develop and enhance all the branches of medical biochemistry in health industry. Its tasks are as following: to standardize operations in clinical-biochemical laboratories, education of young biochemists on all levels, encouraging scientific research, setting up of working norms and implementation, execution and abiding by the ethics codices with health workers. SMBSCG is to promote the systemized standards in the field of medical biochemistry with the relevant federal and republican institutions. SMBSCG is to enable exchange of experiences of its members with the members of affiliate associations in the country and abroad. .

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4

Fartushok, Tetiana V., Nadiia V. Fartushok, Yu M. Fedevych, and Vladyslav V. Pyndus. "HISTORY OF BIOCHEMISTRY IN LVIV." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 4 (2022): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202204124.

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The aim: The purpose of this literature review is to shed light on the development of biochemical knowledge in the Lviv region and on prominent figures in the development of biochemistry during the Second World War. Materials and methods: Review of literature published before 2020. We searched the literature using the search terms ‘biochemists’, ‘ Lviv National Medical University’, ‘second World War’. Conclusions: The development of biological research in Lviv can be divided into two historical stages: 1) from the beginning of the founding of Lviv University in 1661 to the First World War; 2) between the First and Second World Wars and after the Second World War. Biochemical research was initiated at the Medical Faculty of Lviv University. In 1939, the Lviv State Medical Institute was established on the basis of the Medical Faculty of the University, where a powerful department of biochemistry functioned, which was headed by a worldclass biochemist – Jakub Parnas.

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5

Jia, Jun. "Teaching Reform and Practice Exploration of Medical Biochemistry Theory Course." Lifelong Education 9, no. 6 (2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/le.v9i6.1298.

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Biochemists lack understanding of professional medical knowledge, and clinicians have very little understanding of biochemistry, which makes it difficult to teach medical biochemistry theory. However, with the rapid development of life sciences, the demand for high-quality medical personnel in today’s society has also become higher and higher. Therefore, it is necessary to link biochemistry with medicine, and at the same time learn from the teaching concepts of biochemistry, to explore several ways to improve the teaching quality of medical biochemistry theory courses.

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Gürler, Mukaddes. "Postmortem biochemistry." Dicle Medical Journal 41, no. 4 (2014): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2014.04.0519.

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7

Milosevic Georgiev, Andrijana, Dušanka Krajnović, Jelena Manojlović, Svetlana Ignatović, and Nada Majkić Singh. "Seventy Years of Biochemical Subjects’ Development in Pharmacy Curricula: Experience from Serbia/ Sedamdeset godina razvoja biohemijskih predmeta u kurikulumu farmacije: iskustvo iz srbije." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 35, no. 1 (2016): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jomb-2015-0018.

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Summary Introduction: The pharmacists played an important role in the development of biochemistry as applied chemistry in Serbia. What is more, the first seven state chemists in Ser bia were pharmacists. State chemists performed the chemicaltoxicological analysis as well as some medical and biochemical ones. When it comes to the education of medical biochemists as health workers, the period after the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century should be taken into account because that is when the training of pharmaceutical staff of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, begins on the territory of Serbia. This paper presents the development of medical biochemistry through the development of curriculum, personnel and literature since the foundation of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Serbia until today. Objective: The aim of this paper is to present the historical development of biochemistry at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, through analysis of three indicators: undergraduate and postgraduate education of medical biochemists, teaching literature and professional associations and trade associations. Method: The method of direct data was applied in this paper. Also, desktop analysis was used for analyzing of secondary data, regulations, curricula, documents and bibliographic material. Desktop research was conducted and based on the following sources: Archives of the University of Belgrade- Faculty of Pharmacy, Museum of the History of Pharmacy at the University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, the Society of Medical Biochemists of Serbia and the Serbian Chamber of Biochemists. Results and conclusion: The curricula, the Bologna process of improving education, the expansion of the range of subjects, the number of students, professional literature for teaching biochemistry, as well as professional associations and trade associations are presented through the results.

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8

Flesch, Juliet. "'A Biochemist of the Best Type': The Contribution of Arthur Cecil Hamel Rothera to Biochemistry in Australia." Historical Records of Australian Science 23, no. 2 (2012): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12015.

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Biochemistry was an early concern of physiologists and agricultural scientists in the universities of Australia. Much more is known and recorded about such early biochemists as Osborne, Robertson and Young than about Arthur Rothera, whose contribution from 1906 to 1915 is the principal focus of this paper. Rothera was the first lecturer in biochemistry in Australia, the author of a number of significant papers and, through his ketone test, is still influential in diagnosis of diabetes today. At his death, he left biochemistry at Melbourne in new laboratories, and several students able to take his place.

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Quaresma, Abel Botelho, Armando José d'Acampora, Ricardo Tramonte, Débora Cadore de Farias, and Fabrícia Slomsky Joly. "Histological study of the liver and biochemistry of the blood of Wistar rats following ligature of right hepatic duct." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 22, no. 1 (2007): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502007000100013.

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PURPOSE: To observe the histological alterations in the liver and biochemistry in the blood that can happen in Wistar rat, after the ligature of right hepatic duct. METHODS: In this study were used rats (n=46) of Wistar pedigree. The animal groups (n=46) were distributed in 6 experimented sub-groups (n=6). It was held a ligature surgery of the right hepatic duct and euthanasia in 7, 14, 21, 28, 60 and 90 days and the biochemistry control group (n=10), that animals had 2ml of their blood taken by cardiac puncture for biochemistry study with value analyses of bilirubins, transaminasis, lactic desidrogenasis, alkaline phophatase and gamma-glutamil-transferase. Given the expected time of each group, the animals were submitted to anesthesia procedure and cavity re-opening, being held intra-cardiac puncture and with 2ml blood collected for biochemistry analyses. It was proceeded the liver resection, being the liver putted in formol solution to 10% for a period of 24 hours and taken to the histology. RESULTS: It was not possible to identify results that express significant differences as the existence of alterations histological and biochemistrily between the different groups. CONCLUSION: At the end of the study, it was not possible to identify histological and biochemistrily alterations that express significant differences between livers of the animals from the right linked hepatic duct and the animals of the control group.

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10

Ngai, Courtney, and Hannah Sevian. "Probing the Relevance of Chemical Identity Thinking in Biochemical Contexts." CBE—Life Sciences Education 17, no. 4 (2018): ar58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.17-12-0271.

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The solving of problems in biochemistry often uses concepts from multiple disciplines such as chemistry and biology. Chemical identity (CI) is a foundational concept in the field of chemistry, and the knowledge, thinking, and practices associated with CI are used to answer the following questions: “What is this substance?” and “How is it different from other substances?” In this study, we examined the relevance of CI in biochemical contexts and first explored the ways in which practicing biochemists consider CI relevant in their work. These responses informed the development of creative exercises (CEs) given to second-semester biochemistry students. Analysis of the student responses to these CEs revealed that students incorporated precursors to CI thinking in more than half of their responses, which were categorized by seven previously identified themes of CI relevant to the presented biochemical contexts. The prevalence of these precursors in student responses to the CEs, coupled with the examples provided by practicing biochemists of contexts in which CI is relevant, indicate that CI thinking is relevant for both students training to be biochemists and practicing biochemists.

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11

Hunter, Tony. "My biochemical journey from a Cambridge undergraduate to the discovery of phosphotyrosine." Biochemist 43, no. 6 (2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio_2021_197.

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The most notable moment in my career as a biochemist was the discovery of phosphotyrosine, a somewhat serendipitous finding that turned out to have some very important consequences, notably, in human cancer. My career as a biochemist which has spanned nearly 60 years, began when I was 16. At the time, I was in the sixth form at Felsted School, a boarding school in Essex England, and my biology master, David Sturdy, elected to teach me some extracurricular biochemistry, giving me one-on-one tutorials on glycolysis and the TCA cycle. These early biochemistry lessons turned out to be invaluable because I was able to regurgitate them to answer a question in the University of Cambridge scholarship exam in the autumn of 1960. As a result, I was lucky enough to be awarded an Exhibition at Gonville and Caius College, the college where my father had studied for a medical degree during World War II. When I arrived in Cambridge in October 1962 to read natural sciences (see Figure 1), it was a natural choice to take biochemistry as one of my three required first-year courses. The Part I biochemistry course was taught by a series of excellent lecturers, including Philip Randle (a prominent diabetes researcher who described the Randle Cycle), Brian Chappell (who discovered mitochondrial transporters) and Asher Korner (a pioneer of cell free systems to study protein synthesis). It quickly became clear that biochemistry was an exciting subject, and Brian Chappell, my biochemistry supervisor at Caius, made supervisions a lot of fun. I also took Part I courses in invertebrate zoology and, importantly, organic chemistry, which gave me insights into how the metabolites we were learning about in biochemistry worked as chemicals.

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12

V.K., Mukhomorov. "Bioactivity - Structure. Interrelation of Electronic and Information Factors of Biologically Activity of Chemical Compounds." Trends Journal of Sciences Research 1, no. 1 (2014): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31586/biochemistry.0101.06.

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13

Kumar Trivedi, Mahendra, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, and Snehasis Jana. "Effect of the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on DMEM for the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells to Improve Bone Health." Trends Journal of Sciences Research 3, no. 3 (2018): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31586/biochemistry.0303.04.

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S. Chidi, Alozie, Wegwu O. Mattew, Amadi A. Benjamin, Amadi U. Peter, and Njoku C. Uche. "The Modulatory Activity of Justicia carnea in Plasmodium Infected Mice." Trends Journal of Sciences Research 3, no. 4 (2018): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31586/biochemistry.0304.02.

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15

Wood, E. J. "How much biochemistry should a good doctor know? A biochemist's viewpoint." Biochemical Education 24, no. 2 (1996): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(96)88959-x.

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16

Svasti, Jisnuson. "How I became a biochemist: What biochemistry has done for me?" IUBMB Life 61, no. 4 (2009): 476–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.152.

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17

Blundell, Tom. "Introduction." Biochemist 33, no. 5 (2011): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03305004.

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This issue of The Biochemist is focused on biochemistry in China. It is timely because it reflects the history of biochemical research collaboration between Chinese and UK scientists, not only by looking back over the last century, but also by reviewing some of the strengths of biochemical research in China in 2011.

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18

Yadin, David. "From the Oxford student editorial team." Biochemist 32, no. 5 (2010): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03205034.

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Last November, Professor Stuart Ferguson in the Oxford Department of Biochemistry approached me to tell me about the competition run by The Biochemist to find a student editorial team. He had seen our magazine, Phenotype, and thought we would stand a good chance. Without his initial encouragement, we would probably not have entered the competition.

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19

Sánchez Barea, Joel, Juhwa Lee, and Dong-Ku Kang. "Recent Advances in Droplet-based Microfluidic Technologies for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology." Micromachines 10, no. 6 (2019): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10060412.

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Recently, droplet-based microfluidic systems have been widely used in various biochemical and molecular biological assays. Since this platform technique allows manipulation of large amounts of data and also provides absolute accuracy in comparison to conventional bioanalytical approaches, over the last decade a range of basic biochemical and molecular biological operations have been transferred to drop-based microfluidic formats. In this review, we introduce recent advances and examples of droplet-based microfluidic techniques that have been applied in biochemistry and molecular biology research including genomics, proteomics and cellomics. Their advantages and weaknesses in various applications are also comprehensively discussed here. The purpose of this review is to provide a new point of view and current status in droplet-based microfluidics to biochemists and molecular biologists. We hope that this review will accelerate communications between researchers who are working in droplet-based microfluidics, biochemistry and molecular biology.

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20

Diven, Warren F. "Biochemistry." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 97, no. 4_suppl (1988): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894880970s407.

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21

SINGH, PADUMAN. "BIOCHEMISTRY." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 56, no. 4 (2000): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30245-9.

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22

Vella, F. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 13, no. 2 (1985): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(85)90025-1.

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Vella, F. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 18, no. 1 (1990): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(90)90032-j.

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24

Howland, J. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 18, no. 4 (1990): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(90)90145-e.

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Mehler, AH. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 18, no. 2 (1990): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(90)90193-r.

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Vella, F. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 18, no. 3 (1990): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(90)90236-h.

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Burch, J., and EJ Wood. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 19, no. 4 (1991): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(91)90117-q.

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Vella, F. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 20, no. 4 (1992): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(92)90208-4.

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Vella, F. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 22, no. 1 (1994): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(94)90196-1.

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Brown, Bernard S. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 23, no. 2 (1995): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(95)90663-0.

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Vella, F. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 23, no. 2 (1995): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(95)90667-3.

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Vella, F. "Biochemistry." Biochemical Education 24, no. 2 (1996): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(96)88970-9.

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Ostrovsky, Michail A. "Biochemistry." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 59, no. 1 (1996): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02787862.

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Lecocq, A. L. "Biochemistry." Biochimie 73, no. 5 (1991): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(91)90039-4.

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Jones, Kenneth M. "Biochemistry." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 15, no. 6 (1990): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(90)90041-9.

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Adams, Roger L. P. "Biochemistry." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 15, no. 10 (1990): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(90)90241-3.

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Hesketh, Robin. "Biochemistry." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 15, no. 10 (1990): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(90)90242-4.

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Shakur, Rameen. "Biochemistry." BMJ 320, Suppl S5 (2000): 0005170b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0005170b.

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39

Sodja, Ann. "Biochemistry." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 37, no. 3-4 (1996): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(96)88252-7.

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Hansen, Jeffrey C., and Norman P. Curthoys. "Biochemistry." Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 41, no. 1 (2013): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmb.20656.

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41

Zimmerman, James K. "Biochemistry." Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 35, no. 2 (2007): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmb.34.

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FIELD, TIFFANY, MIGUEL DIEGO, MARIA HERNANDEZ-REIF, et al. "PRENATAL MATERNAL BIOCHEMISTRY PREDICTS NEONATAL BIOCHEMISTRY." International Journal of Neuroscience 114, no. 8 (2004): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207450490461305.

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43

Sabater, Mikel, and Neil Forbes. "Avian haematology and biochemistry 2. Biochemistry." In Practice 37, no. 3 (2015): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inp.g6976.

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Wannmacher, Clovis M. D. "Ensinando Bioquímica Para Futuros Médicos." Revista de Ensino de Bioquímica 1, no. 1 (2001): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.16923/reb.v1i1.8.

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The next generation of physicians will need new skills, attitudes and knowledge. They will need to acquire skills to critically evaluate medical literature and will have expertise in Public Health, and home care. Medical education will necessary be linked to a new model of Public Health. In this context, it will be important that Biochemisty may contribute to the formation of these skills. During a transient period, some modifications in teaching Biochemistry may be beneficial to the medical students. In the last fifteen years we have introduced some modifications on biochemistry teaching for medical students at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). We reduced the factual content, retaining only the medically relevant material necessary to understand the molecular approach to the most prevalent diseases, mainly those leading to failure of organs and systems. The laboratory experiments are substituted by the interpretation of biochemical data of patients found at the Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Basic Biochemistry is learned indirectly by answering the questions arised from the clinical and biochemical data of the patients. Students show permanent interest in learning biochemistry in such way and their evaluation has been highly stimulant. We think that this approach can be adapted to other fields of basic science.

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45

Cabezas Fernández del Campo, José Antonio. "SPANISH-GERMAN COLLABORATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY MAINTAINED BY MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY NATIONAL OF PHARMACY AND BY OTHER SPANISH BIOCHEMISTS." Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, no. 86(03) (2020): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53519/analesranf.2020.86.03.02.

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German can be considered as world pioneer in the development of Biochemistry. Its founder, Prof. Felix von Hoppe-Seyler, established contacts with the Spanish Professor of Organic Chemistry, Laureano Calderón Arana, since the onset of this subject around 1872. Later, some other Professors of the newly created Química Biológica, which was taught only at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Madrid as a subject common to doctoral students in Pharmacy, Medicine and Science, maintained a connection, albeit minor, with their German colleagues. From 1928, Dr. Severo Ochoa, who would subsequently win a Nobel Prize, worked for long periods in the prestigious Departments at Berlin and Heidelberg. More recently, other biochemists, members of the Royal Academy National of Pharmacy (RANF), have followed this connection with several German Departments. Furthermore, German biochemists have delivered lectures in Spanish Universities invited by their Spanish colleagues, in addition to their participation in Spanish symposia. Moreover, several German biochemists have been RANF members

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46

RECORD, M. T. "Cooperativity in Biochemistry: Cooperativity Theory in Biochemistry." Science 229, no. 4718 (1985): 1080–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.229.4718.1080.

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47

Spiegel, Sarah. "Sphingosine-1-phosphate: From insipid lipid to a key regulator." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 10 (2020): 3371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.x120.012838.

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It is a great honor to be asked to write a “Reflections” article by one of the true icons of biochemistry, Herb Tabor. I felt humbled, especially since it follows many written by biochemists I admire and whose contributions have shaped major advances in biochemistry and molecular biology in the last century. Here I present my personal reflections on my adventure with the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate intertwined with those of my family life as a wife, mother, and grandmother. These reflections brought back many memories of events in my early career that played significant roles in determining the path I have taken for more than 40 years and that brought much fun and satisfaction into my life. It has been an exciting journey so far, with many surprises along the way, that still continues.

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48

Mitchell, Peter D. "Foundations of Vectorial Metabolism and Osmochemistry." Bioscience Reports 24, no. 4-5 (2004): 386–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10540-005-2739-2.

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Chemical transformations, like osmotic translocations, are transport processes when looked at in detail. In chemiosmotic systems, the pathways of specific ligand conduction are spatially orientated through osmoenzymes and porters in which the actions of chemical group, electron and solute transfer occur as vectorial (or higher tensorial order) diffusion processes down gradients of total potential energy that represent real spatially directed fields of force. Thus, it has been possible to describe classical bag-of-enzymes biochemistry as well as membrane biochemistry in terms of transport. But it would not have been possible to explain biological transport in terms of classical transformational biochemistry or chemistry. The recognition of this conceptual asymmetry in favour of transport has seemed to be upsetting to some biochemists and chemists; and they have resisted the shift towards thinking primarily in terms of the vectorial forces and co-linear displacements of ligands in place of their much less informative scalar products that correspond to the conventional scalar energies. Nevertheless, considerable progress has been made in establishing vectorial metabolism and osmochemistry as acceptable biochemical disciplines embracing transport and metabolism, and bioenergetics has been fundamentally transformed as a result.

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49

Mitchell, Peter. "Foundations of vectorial metabolism and osmochemistry." Bioscience Reports 11, no. 6 (1991): 297–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01130212.

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Chemical transformations, like osmotic translocations, are transport processes when looked at in detail. In chemiosmotic systems, the pathways of specific ligand conduction are spatially orientated through osmoenzymes and porters in which the actions of chemical group, electron and solute transfer occur as vectorial (or higher tensorial order) diffusion processes down gradients of total potential energy that represent real spatially-directed fields of force. Thus, it has been possible to describe classical bag-of-enzymes biochemistry as well as membrane biochemistry in terms of transport. But it would not have been possible to explain biological transport in terms of classical transformational biochemistry or chemistry. The recognition of this conceptual asymmetry in favour of transport has seemed to be upsetting to some biochemists and chemists; and they have resisted the shift towards thinking primarily in terms of the vectorial forces and co-linear displacements of ligands in place of their much less informative scalar products that correspond to the conventional scalar energies. Nevertheless, considerable progress has been made in establishing vectorial metabolism and osmochemistry as acceptable biochemical disciplines embracing transport and metabolism, and bioenergetics has been fundamentally transformed as a result.

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50

Montagna, E., A. M. S. Sales, and M. L. Medeiros. "STUDENTS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE NATURE OF MATTER AND HOW IT IMPAIRS BIOCHEMISTRY LEARNING." Revista de Ensino de Bioquímica 13 (August 24, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.16923/reb.v13i2.603.

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Introduction: It is widely known that misconceptions impairs student’s learning. IUBMB proposed a concept inventory which defines biochemistry’s teaching scope. Even though it is known that many of them are subject of misconceptions by students, we collected informal data suggesting a deeper and most pervasive misconception related to the students’ perceptions about what is and is not a molecule through their classroom statements and tests. We hypothesize that students’ impairments on biochemistry learning possibly come from failure to assume that names are related to well defined molecules indicating lack of matter’s representative levels of integration. Objectives The present work aims to detect in freshmen students’ misconceptions about the chemical nature of main small and macromolecules which potentialy impairs biochemistry learning. Materials and methods: A list of assertions about real life situations involving and citing main biomolecules – ATP, DNA, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, enzyme, hormon, vitamin – were mixed with other containing vague common terms – toxin, transgenic, healthy, unwanted elements, chemical compound – not suggesting hazardous situations in order to capture students’ impressions. More than 150 students from five courses in three different higher education institutions answered true or false on 35 assertions. Results and discussion: More than 70% of students had more than 80% error in this task designed to be not tricky, misleading or with unpreviously studied concepts. Results suggests students do not understand compounds as molecules but as entities unrelated to real life situations; on the other hand vague terms triggers a negative perception not necessarily related to harm or hazardous situations. We suggest that it is originated by poor scientific literacy from previous scholarity as well as lack of criteria on media vehicles about the topics here cited. Conclusion: We conclude that many misconceptions on biochemistry topics come from students’ assumptions which arises at the biochemistry course.

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