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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'And Density measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Obie, Ogheneochuko. "Density measurement of multiphase pipe flows." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34527/.

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Density is an important physical property and its measurement has wide application in a vast number of industries including; oil and gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, brewing, food & beverage production and mining. Density is often required to be accurately measured either as a standalone property or in combination with other flow properties for the purpose of quality assessment, process control, and custody transfer. Given the increasing importance of density measurement, extensive research has been conducted over recent years to develop newer and more accurate density measurement sensors a

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2

Bowen, Amber Jean. "Bone Density Measurement via Radiographic Calibration." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/341.

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Musculoskeletal injuries are the most common injuries sustained by athletes and military recruits and can result in decreased performance and lifelong disability. So common and costly are these injuries that the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons has provided guidelines for future research, including recommendations for the development of a large animal model of bone injury (USDA 2001). In human and veterinary medicine, digital radiography represents the primary diagnostic tool the physician uses to diagnose skeletal injury. Advances in digital radiography have provided the veterinarian w

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3

Orgill, Christopher H. "Plankton population density measurement by acousto-electronic testing." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278548.

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4

LI, LI. "NANOSCALE CHARGE DENSITY MEASUREMENT IN LIQUID WITH AFM." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1599744539112356.

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5

Luty, Mark. "Precision balances for measurement of mass and air density." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363465.

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6

Hosie, C. J. "Measurement of bone density using I-125 computed tomography." Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370939.

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Osteoporosis is a painful condition characterised by a reduced bone mineralisation resulting in an increased fracture risk. A precise measurement of skeletal mineral is important for early diagnosis and for monitoring the response to treatment. This thesis presents the design and evaluation of a specialised scanner capable of measuring trabecular bone in the radius. The anatomy and physiology of bone and the changes related to ageing and bone disease are reviewed in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 decribes and compares the various non-invasive methods of bone measurement developed in the last 25 years. T

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7

Hubbard, Amanda Eileen. "Measurement of electron density on JET by microwave reflectometry." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47392.

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8

Ekpo, Ernest Usang. "Measurement of breast density with Digital Mammography and Tomosynthesis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15539.

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Aims: The potential applicability of breast density (BD) information in clinical decision-making is limited by variability in its assessment. This thesis explores novel tools for BD assessment and mammography display. Firstly, it examines the literature regarding BD, factors that impact upon BD, such as diet and physical activity, and tools for BD measurement. Secondly, it assesses inter-reader agreement in BD assessment using the 5th edition BI-RADS® rating scale. Thirdly, it examines the agreement in BD assessment between QuantraTM (Hologic, Bedford, MA) and BI-RADS® and the performance of Q

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9

Buseck, David Allan 1963. "High-density CD-ROM readout using direct phase measurement." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276545.

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Direct measurement of optical phase is used in a high-density optical disk reader. The increased density is achieved by introducing multiple pit depths to replace the single pit depths of a traditional compact disk. Having four independent pit depths can double the storage capacity of a disk. The multi-level pits are read by direct measurement of the phase difference between two laser spots focused onto the disk surface. Extraction of phase information utilizes the equations of phase shifting interferometry with four shifted fringe patterns created simultaneously by a compact optical head. The

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10

Mielke, Amy Florence. "DEVELOPMENT OF A MOLECULAR RAYLEIGH SCATTERING DIAGNOSTIC FOR SIMULTANEOUS TIME-RESOLVED MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE, VELOCITY, AND DENSITY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1196429607.

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11

Marques, Tiago André. "Incorporating measurement error and density gradients in distance sampling surveys /." St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/391.

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12

Marques, Tiago Andre Lamas Oliveira. "Incorporating measurement error and density gradients in distance sampling surveys." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/391.

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Distance sampling is one of the most commonly used methods for estimating density and abundance. Conventional methods are based on the distances of detected animals from the center of point transects or the center line of line transects. These distances are used to model a detection function: the probability of detecting an animal, given its distance from the line or point. The probability of detecting an animal in the covered area is given by the mean value of the detection function with respect to the available distances to be detected. Given this probability, a Horvitz-Thompson- like estima

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13

Chuang, Tami Chia-Ling 1976. "Understanding residential density: the relationship between policy, measurement, and perception." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8910.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122).<br>For reasons of smart growth management, upcoming demographics changes, and escalating housing affordability concern, higher-density housing presents one fitting solution to future development challenges. Market conditions also seem favorable given increases in likely consumer population and the readiness of the real estate development industry. However, higher-density residences are still underrepresented housing typologies amidst a plethora

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14

Xu, Zhiqiang. "Space charge measurement and analysis in low density polyethylene films." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/69927/.

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The growing requirement of reliability for an insulation system gives researchers greater responsibility to investigate new techniques for monitoring and diagnosing dielectrics subjected to an electric field. It is well known that the presence of space charge is one of the important factors causing premature failure of polymeric high voltage cables. Space charge surveillance is becoming the most general applied skill to evaluate polymeric materials, particularly high voltage cables. The well-known pulsed electroacoustic method (PEA), a reliable non-destructive method, gives a reasonable resolu

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15

Banda, Mathew. "Validating sap flux density measurement methods in Citrus sinensis (L.)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65914.

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Sap flux density (SFD) measurements methods have been widely used in woody plants to accurately quantify tree water use (transpiration). Two different methods viz., heat ratio method (HR) and the compensation heat pulse (CHP) were tested against a pre-calibrated mini-weighing lysimeter (gravimetric method) that served as the control. The experiments were conducted on large potted Citrus sinensis (‘Midknight’ Valencia trees) in a glasshouse at the University of Pretoria. The main aim was to compare these methods and establish the most reliable and accurate method to be used to estimate transpir

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16

Hutchison, Craig McGregor. "Development of new technology for the accurate determination of the density of high value fluids." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25254.

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The development and validation of new technology for the accurate and traceable metering of high value fluids is presented here. The focus of this doctoral submission is on the determination of fluid density by the measurement of relative permittivity. A prototype cell, comprising a re-entrant cavity resonator, for the precise determination of the relative permittivity of gases and hydrocarbon liquids over a wide range of both pressures and temperatures has been developed for this work. Accuracies of measurement of relative permittivity with the re-entrant cavity resonator technique of better

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17

Farquharson, Michael James. "Characterisation of bone tissue using coherently scattered x-ray photons." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243790.

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18

Arter, Micah. "The effects of diesel fuel density on fuel consumption measurements of portable in-use emissions measurement systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5509.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 91 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-62).

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19

Burkholder, Joshua Jeremy. "Nearest neighbor classification using a density sensitive distance measurement [electronic resource]." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FBurkholder.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments, And Simulations (MOVES))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Squire, Kevin. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 03, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Classification, Supervised Learning, k-Nearest Neighbor Classification, Euclidean Distance, Mahalanobis Distance, Density Sensitive Distance, Parzen Windows, Manifold Parzen Windows, Kernel Density Estimation Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100). Also available in print.

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20

Hart, Joe M. "Establishing methods of measurement for regenerative development at an urban density." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025009.

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21

Heilmann, Nathan Edward. "Measurement of Plasma Density in a Gas-Filled Ionizing Laser Focus." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2947.

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We use an interferometric method for measuring the plasma density in a laser-induced plasma as a function of time. Any changes in the density within 5 ns of generation is due plasma expansion and not recombination. The analytic solution for plasma expansion derived for ultracold Neutral Plasmas describes the expansion of our laser produced Neon plasma of densities up to approximately 40 Torr. A model for the utlracold neutral plasmas, in comparison with measurements of our plasmas, can be used to extract an electron temperature. Currently our plasmas have shown to have an electron temperature

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22

Komar, Bogdana. "Macular pigment optical density measurements by one-wavelength reflection photometry – Influence of cataract surgery on the measurement results." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-172371.

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Purpose: The main objective of the present study was the investigation of possible influence of lens opacification on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measurements. Methods: 86 eyes of 64 patients (mean age 73.4(±8.3)years) were included in the study. MPOD was prospectively measured using one-wavelength reflection method (Visucam500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) before and after cataract extraction with implantation of a blue-light filtering intraocular lens (AlconSN60WF). The median of the maximum optical density (MaxOD) and the median of the mean optical density (MeanOD) measurements of ma

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23

Stoll, Peter J. "Residential lit fireplace detection and density measurement using airborne mult-spectral sensors." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8916.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>"Both locally (San Francisco Bay Area) and nationally, evidence is mounting that particulate matter poses a serious health risk. Locally, concentrations of 10 micron particles are highest on cold nights, during the months of December and January. Analysis of the composition of these 10 micron particles suggests that a large percentage is wood smoke. Currently, there are no adequate ways to estimate the number of lit fireplaces on a given night. NASA Ames Research Center, the Naval Postgraduate School and San Francisco Bay Area Air Quali

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24

van, Deventer Jan. "An ultrasonic density measurement technique : performance, thermal effects, experimental validations, and modeling." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18220.

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This licentiate thesis addresses the idea of measurement of the density of liquids using sound. The thesis can be dived into three sections: 1. An introduction that presents the need for the research and its future application into an ultrasonic mass flow meter. 2. Experimental results of an ultrasonic density probe (paper 1 and 2) which evaluate the probe's concept with liquids ranging from 750 to 1300 kg/m over temperatures extending form 0 to 40°C. Thermodynamic measurements are also presented. 3. Comparisons of experimental versus theoretically based simulation of ultrasonic systems (paper

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25

Kraft, Wayne Neal. "Simultaneous and instantaneous measurement of velocity and density in rayleigh-taylor mixing layers." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2772.

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26

Clarke, Shane. "Measurement and analysis of subchondrial bone mineral density in osteoarthritis of the knee." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269253.

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27

Tillman, Richard Henry. "Absolute Flux Density Measurement and Associated Instrumentation for Radio Astronomy below 100 MHz." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72289.

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This dissertation reports new measurements of the absolute flux densities of the brightest astrophysical sources visible from the northern hemisphere with O[10%] accuracy between 30-78 MHz. These measurements provide additional confidence in the existing understanding of the flux density spectra of these sources in this frequency range. This dissertation also reports new measurements of the antenna temperature due to the diffuse Galactic background between 30-78 MHz, addressing a paucity of existing measurements in this band. These measurements are relevant especially in the context of contemp

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28

Dishman, C. Michael. "Floc density measurement and the effects of microproperty variations on sludge dewatering characteristics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43847.

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29

Feng, Chi. "SOFT X-RAY FORMATION MEASUREMENT OF LOW DENSITY MATERIALS AND COMPRESSIVE RESPONSE CHARACTERIZATION." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1350679879.

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30

Woodhead, Stephen Robert. "The measurement of particle velocity and suspension density in pneumatic coal injection systems." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1992. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6349/.

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This thesis describes a programme of work which has been undertaken with the objective of obtaining data relating to the performance of on-line mass flow rate meters as applied to pulverised coal injection systems. Such injection systems are utilised widely in power generation, cement and steel manufacture. A technology review was carried out, incorporating an extensive literature survey. This review precipitated the conclusion that a number of techniques have been proposed, which may be applicable to the measurement under investigation. However, very little experimental verification of sensin

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31

Xu, Buye. "Generalized Acoustic Energy Density and Its Applications." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2339.

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The properties of acoustic kinetic energy density and total energy density of sound fields in lightly damped enclosures have been explored thoroughly in the literature. Their increased spatial uniformity makes them more favorable measurement quantities for various applications than acoustic potential energy density (or squared pressure), which is most often used. In this dissertation, a new acoustic energy quantity, the generalized acoustic energy density (GED), will be introduced. It is defined by introducing weighting factors, α and 1 − α, in the formulation of total acoustic energy density.

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32

Assi, Valentina. "Clinical and epidemiological issues and applications of mammographic density." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/7855.

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Mammographic density, the amount of radiodense tissue on a mammogram, is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, with properties that could be an asset in screening and prevention programmes. Its use in risk prediction contexts is currently limited, however, mainly due to di culties in measuring and interpreting density. This research investigates rstly, the properties of density as an independent marker of breast cancer risk and secondly, how density should be measured. The rst question was addressed by analysing data from a chemoprevention trial, a trial of hormonal treatment, and a cohort s

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33

Darlington, Sarah Elizabeth. "Effect of intra-abdominal fat on the accuracy of DXA lumbar spine bone mineral density measurement using DXA body composition measurements." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/44881/.

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In the diagnosis of osteoporosis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the accepted method for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) due to its good precision. However, accuracy is compromised by two assumptions: (1) the body is composed of only soft tissue and bone mineral and (2) the composition of tissue overlying bone is equal to that adjacent to bone. To diagnosis osteoporosis, BMD is compared to that of a young healthy population to calculate a T-score. BMD is normal if T-score>-1 and osteoporotic if < -2.5. The aim of this study was to use DXA whole body (WB) scans to quantify varia

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34

Lee, Chi Shing. "A comparison of body density determinations using residual volume and total lung capacity in underwater weighing technique." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1998. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/147.

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35

Ahola, R. (Riikka). "Measurement of bone exercise:osteogenic features of loading." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514263088.

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Abstract It is known that exercise strengthens bone and can prevent bone loss. However, the optimal amount and intensity of exercise beneficial to bones is not known, because there have been no long-term methods to evaluate the osteogenic features of exercise. The aim of the study was to reveal the determinants of physical activity or exercise beneficial for the bone, using novel accelerometer-based measurement of bone loading. Additionally, the study tested the applicability of a previously developed bone exercise regimen in Japanese women, using the same measurement technology. Acceleration

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36

Stolle, Claudia, Martin Lange, and Christoph Jacobi. "Validation of atmospheric temperature profiles and electron densities derived from CHAMP radio occultation measurements during measurement campaigns at Andøya (69.28°N, 16.02°E)." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-217064.

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Several measurement campaigns took place at the ALOMAR observatory at Andøya, Northern Norway during July-November 2001 to validate ionospheric electron density and dry temperature profiles in the troposphere and lower stratosphere derived from radio occultation measurements of the low earth orbiter satellite CHAMP. For temperature sounding, three balloons are released around GPS satellite occultation events that occurred inbetween a distance of 200 km around Andøya. At altitudes of 7–20 km the CHAMP profile shows a positive mean deviation increasing with height by about 1.5-2 Kelvin/ 10 km ov

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37

Nagai, Hisao, Mineo Hiramatsu, Masaru Hori, and Toshio Goto. "Measurement of oxygen atom density employing vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy with microdischarge hollow cathode lamp." American Institute of Physics, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7098.

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38

Wang, Guizhou. "Method for Low Areal Density Material Structure Characterization: Soft X-ray Formation and Compressibility Measurement." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1432061677.

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39

Gerber, George. "Experimental measurement and numerical modelling of velocity, density and turbulence profiles of a gravity current." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/841.

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40

Reum, Mathias. "Sub-millimeter resolved measurement of current density and membrane resistance in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17979.

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41

Gamba, Humberto Remigio. "Measurement of electrical current density distribution within the tissues of the head by magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321812.

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42

Habib, Alexander J. "A Wireless Acquisition and Control System for a High Measurement-Density, Rotating Internal Heat Transfer Experiment." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397661589.

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43

Narayanan, Priya. "Quantitative measurement of the density gradient field in a normal impedance tube using an optical deflectometer." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001445.

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44

Cundy, Michael E. "Detection and measurement of density fluctuations induced by a magnetohydrodynamic force in a supersonic boundary layer." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/273.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains 29 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). This research has been supported by the AFOSR under grant F49620-02-1-0164, Phase II SBIR grant F33615-01-C-3112 of Air Vehicles Directorate of AFRL, and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Plasma Physics. Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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45

Dagtekin, Ebru. "Measurement Of Nonuniform Magnetized Argon Plasma Discharge Parameters." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607934/index.pdf.

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Effects of a magnetic field on the double-probe technique are studied experimentally by means of symmetric floating computer controlled fast double probes in low and intermediate pressure plasmas. In addition, the effects of the magnetic field on the electron temperature, electron density, and electric field have been investigated. As it is expected, when there is no magnetic field, properties of the discharge plasma are best described by Langmuir theory. Whereas, when there&rsquo<br>s a magnetic field of sufficient strength Schottky&rsquo<br>s theory of ambipolar diffusion applies.

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46

Stolle, Claudia, Martin Lange, and Christoph Jacobi. "Validation of atmospheric temperature profiles and electron densities derived from CHAMP radio occultation measurements during measurement campaigns at Andøya (69.28°N, 16.02°E)." Universität Leipzig, 2002. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15224.

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Several measurement campaigns took place at the ALOMAR observatory at Andøya, Northern Norway during July-November 2001 to validate ionospheric electron density and dry temperature profiles in the troposphere and lower stratosphere derived from radio occultation measurements of the low earth orbiter satellite CHAMP. For temperature sounding, three balloons are released around GPS satellite occultation events that occurred inbetween a distance of 200 km around Andøya. At altitudes of 7–20 km the CHAMP profile shows a positive mean deviation increasing with height by about 1.5-2 Kelvin/ 10 km ov

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47

Patrucco, Filippo. "Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from monocyte and macrophage inflammation to a novel, non-invasive measurement of pulmonary density." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/144064.

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The anti-fibrotic drug nintedanib (NTD) has been approved for the management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), a rare progressive interstitial lung disease. Monocytes/macrophages and alveolar macrophages have been demonstrated to contribute to the wound healing process, promoting inflammation and collagen deposition. Aim: We intend to evaluate the effects of NTD on phenotype and responsiveness of monocytes/macrophages isolated from IPF patients before (TO) and after 3 months of treatment (T1) with the drug. In this thesis the results obtained from patients at TO will be showed. Samples

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48

Gallet, julien. "Towards an automated dislocation density measurement in the SEM : Benefits and limits of the R-ECCI method." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0017.

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Afin de prédire le comportement mécanique des matériaux métalliques, il est important de déterminer plusieurs quantités physiques, dont la densité de dislocation qui a un impact majeur sur les propriétés mécaniques. Des travaux récents ont montré qu’il est possible de réaliser ces observations à l’aide d’un microscope électronique à balayage. En effet, cette méthode a l’avantage d’être appliquée sur des échantillons massifs et de permettre l’observation de plus grandes surfaces. Cependant, une étape d’orientation de l’échantillon est nécessaire, et le traitement de l’image est réalisé manuelle

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49

Skipper, Julie A. "Feasibility of Radiographic Absorptiometry of the Mandible as an Osteoporosis Screening Method." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1057695994.

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50

Giraud, Jarom Henry. "Experimental Analysis of Energy-Based Acoustic Arrays for Measurement of Rocket Noise Fields." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3950.

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Microphone arrays are useful for measuring acoustic energy quantities (e.g. acoustic intensity) in the near-field of a full-scale solid rocket motor. Proper characterization of a rocket plume as a noise source will allow for more accurate predictions in engineering models that design for protection of structures, payloads and personnel near the rockets. Acoustic intensity and energy density quantities were measured in three rocket noise fields and have shown that the apparent source region of the rocket becomes smaller and moves upstream as frequency increases. Theoretical results accounting f

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