Journal articles: 'And ejectives'

1

Gallagher, Gillian, and James Whang. "An acoustic study of trans-vocalic ejective pairs in Cochabamba Quechua." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 44, no. 2 (2014): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100314000048.

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Cochabamba Quechua disallows pairs of ejectives within roots (*[k’it’ɑ]), but this structure may arise across word boundaries, e.g. [misk’it’ɑntɑ] ‘good bread’. This paper presents an acoustic study of these phonotactically legal, trans-vocalic ejective pairs that occur at word boundaries. It is found that Cochabamba Quechua speakers de-ejectivize one of the two ejectives in such phrases a significant portion of the time, and that, in correct productions with two ejectives, the period between the two ejectives is lengthened by increasing the duration of the vowel and the closure duration of the second ejective.

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Wright, Richard, Sharon Hargus, and Katharine Davis. "On the categorization of ejectives: data from Witsuwit'en." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32, no. 1 (2002): 43–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100302000142.

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Results of an acoustic study of root-initial /t th t'/ for eleven speakers of Witsuwit'en (Athabaskan) are presented. Values averaged across speaker means suggest that Witsuwit'en ejectives have a brief period of creaky voice and slow rise time at vowel onset relative to the voiceless unaspirated stops. However, there is considerable inter-speaker variation in VOT and f0 perturbation, with negligible correlation between these measures, contrary to the predictions of the ejective typologies proposed by Lindau (1984) and Kingston (1985). Results of a perception study indicate that the ejective-voiceless unaspirated contrast is more difficult than the other laryngeal contrasts even for native listeners. Implications of the Witsuwit'en data for the categorization of ejectives are discussed.

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McCarthy, Owen, and Jane Stuart-Smith. "Ejectives in Scottish English: A social perspective." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43, no. 3 (2013): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100313000212.

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This paper presents the results of an analysis of the realization of word-final /k/ in a sample of read and casual speech by 28 female pupils from a single-sex Glaswegian high school. Girls differed in age, socioeconomic background, and ethnicity. Ejectives were the most usual variant for /k/ in both speech styles, occurring in the speech of every pupil in our sample. Our narrow auditory analysis revealed a continuum of ejective production, from weak to intense stops. Results from multinomial logistic regression show that ejective production is promoted by phonetic, linguistic and interactional factors: ejectives were used more in read speech, when /k/ occurred in the /-ŋk/ cluster (e.g.tank), and when the relevant word was either at the end of a clause or sentence, or in turn-final position. At the same time, significant interactions between style, and position in turn, and the social factors of age and ethnicity, show that the use of ejectives by these girls is subject to a fine degree of sociolinguistic control, alongside interactional factors. Finally, cautious comparison of these data with recordings made in 1997 suggests that these results may also reflect a sound change in progress, given the very substantial real-time increase in ejective realizations of /k/ in Glasgow over the past fourteen years.

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Ozburn, Avery, and Alexei Kochetov. "Ejective harmony in Lezgian." Phonology 35, no. 3 (2018): 407–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675718000118.

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This paper contributes to the typology of laryngeal harmony by analysing an unusual case of long-distance laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions and alternations in Lezgian. This pattern, previously unmentioned in the phonological literature, is the first known case of alternations involving ejective harmony. In Lezgian, local processes mask the interaction of ejectives and plain voiceless stops. This is robustly supported by our dictionary analysis, which reveals a ban on the co-occurrence of ejectives and plain voiceless stops within the foot. Both harmony alternations and static co-occurrence restrictions are sensitive to foot structure, unlike previous cases of consonant harmony. Harmony also interacts opaquely with vowel syncope, and certain co-occurrences of plain and ejective stops are resolved with dissimilation rather than harmony, showing a conspiracy to avoid co-occurrences. We demonstrate an account within the Agreement by Correspondence framework and discuss implications for the typology and analysis of consonant harmony.

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Fallon, Paul D. "Where do Central Cushitic ejectives come from?" Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 9, no. 1 (2024): 5751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v9i1.5751.

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This paper examines and accounts for the origin and presence of ejectives in Central Cushitic (CC) languages. Appleyard (2006) claimed that most occurrences of ejectives are due to borrowing from the Ethiosemitic languages. This is certainly true for all ejectives in Kemantney, and some in Blin and Xamtanga. However, examination of Appleyard’s data shows that only 37% of ejectives in Blin and 25% of ejectives in Xamtanga are found in borrowings. Most ejectives in CC in these two languages are therefore “of indubitable Agaw origin”, which suggests that ejectives are from the proto-language rather than through sound change. This paper analyzes the distribution of ejectives in Appleyard’s data and re-examines the consequences for reconstructed forms and probable sound changes.

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Gallagher, Gillian. "Perceptual distinctness and long-distance laryngeal restrictions." Phonology 27, no. 3 (2010): 435–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675710000217.

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In this paper, I present an analysis of the typology of laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions based on contrast markedness. The key ingredient of the analysis, for which I provide experimental support, is that laryngeal co-occurrence phenomena reflect a preference for maximising the perceptual distinctness of contrasts between words (Flemming 1995, 2004). An AX discrimination task finds that the contrast between an ejective and a plain stop is less accurately perceived in the context of another ejective in the word than in the context of another plain stop in the word. Pairs of words like [k'ap'i] and [k'api], which contrast 2vs. 1 ejectives, are less reliably distinguished than pairs of words like [kap'i] and [kapi], which contrast 1vs. 0 ejectives. The unifying factor of all laryngeal co-occurrence patterns is the neutralisation of the contrast between words with one and two laryngeally marked segments, exactly the contrast that is shown to be relatively perceptually weak.

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7

Tuttle, Siri G. "Ejectives in Tanana Athabaskan." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 5 (1998): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.422920.

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8

Davis, Katharine, and Sharon Hargus. "Ejectives in Babine‐Witsuwit’en." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 5 (1994): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.411171.

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9

Lloret, Maria-Rosa. "The representation of glottals in Oromo." Phonology 12, no. 2 (1995): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700002499.

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In current phonological feature theories, the behaviour of glottals poses serious problems for their representation. The special status of / h / and /? / which are often transparent to vowel harmony processes (cf. Steriade 1987; McCarthy 1991, forthcoming; Stemberger 1993), has led to the hypothesis that, at least in some languages, they lack a place node. The representation of ejectives and implosives, though, is very rarely discussed in the literature. On phonetic grounds, the main difference between plain stops and ejectives and implosives is the airstream mechanism used during their realisation, the former having a pulmonic egressive airstream while the latter involve a supplementary glottal constriction, which may accompany either egressive airflow, as in ejectives, or ingressive, as in implosives.

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Urban, Matthias, and Steven Moran. "Altitude and the distributional typology of language structure: Ejectives and beyond." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0245522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245522.

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The first decades of the 21st century have witnessed a renewed interest in the relationship between language structure and the various social and ecological niches in which the languages of the world are used and against the background of which they evolved. In this context, Everett (2013) argued for direct geographical influences on the sound structure of languages. It was observed that ejective consonants, produced with a sudden burst of non-pulmonic air to a salient acoustic effect, tend to occur in high-altitude environments in which these sounds may be adaptive due to a reduced articulatory effort and/or to prevent desiccation. Here, we evaluate this claim and at the same time place it into a broader context. We observe that the distribution of another class of typologically unusual sounds, uvulars, is highly similar to that of ejectives, but that the proposed explanations are not available to account for the similar geographical patterning of uvulars. Hence, we test an alternative explanatory account that would posit indirect rather than direct environmental influences on language structure that are mediated by anthropological factors, in particular the relative sociolinguistic isolation of speech communities at the highest altitudes. Applying Bayesian Logistic Mixed Effects Regression to a large database of phonological inventories of the world’s languages, however, we do not find strong support for either a correlation of ejectives or uvulars with high-altitude environments, though the association is somewhat stronger for ejectives than uvulars. A phylogenetic exploration of the development of both classes of sounds in two large language families spoken in widely different environments, Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan, together with a qualitative assessment of the dedicated literature, in contrast, suggests a strong role of language contact rather than environmental factors.

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Wysocki, Tamra M. "Acoustic correlates of Georgian ejectives." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, no. 5 (2002): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4777994.

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Tuttle, Siri. "Coronal ejectives in Ahtna Athabaskan." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 4 (2005): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4787837.

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13

Babel, Anna M. "Aspirates and ejectives in Quechua-influenced Spanish." Spanish in Context 14, no. 2 (2017): 159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.14.2.01bab.

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Abstract This article describes the use of aspirates and ejectives in a variety of Spanish with significant Quechua contact influence that is spoken in the Santa Cruz valleys of central Bolivia. Aspirates and ejectives occur primarily on Quechua loanwords, making these ‘intermediate phonological relationships’ (Hall 2013) that are hard to categorize with respect to their status as phonetic vs. phonological features. Results from a small-scale perception and shadowing task show that language users are able to distinguish between these sounds and canonical Spanish consonants in minimal pairs, but that there is variation among speakers in the way these sounds are reproduced. While the use of aspirates and glottal stops in Spanish in contact with Mayan languages has been documented (Michnowicz 2015; Michnowicz and Kagan 2016) previous studies of Andean Spanish phonology have not reported the use of aspirates and ejectives as part of the sound system (Boynton 1981; Cassano 1974; Pyle 1981).

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14

Jany, Carmen. "Positional and cooccurrence restrictions on ejectives." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 1 (May 2, 2010): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.515.

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Different studies have looked at phonotactic restrictions on ejectives from a variety of perspectives focusing on syllable structure or on general patterns of laryngeal features, such as cooccurrence limitations or positionally motivated neutralization of contrast (Blevins 2004, Coulston 2001, MacEachern 1997, Maddieson 2004, Rimrott 2003, Steriade 1999). This paper examining ejectives in 27 languages brings together these diverse approaches suggesting that all phonotactic restrictions are based on articulatory and auditory features often working together. Given that languages vary with respect to articulatory features of their phonemes and with regard to perceptual similarity, different restriction patterns are found cross-linguistically.

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15

Brandt, Erika, and Adrian P. Simpson. "The production of ejectives in German and Georgian." Journal of Phonetics 89 (November 2021): 101111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2021.101111.

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16

Hargus, S. "Effects of morpheme type on Deg Xinag ejectives." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, no. 4 (2011): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3588040.

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17

Demolin, Didier. "Acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of ejectives in Amharic." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, no. 5 (2004): 2610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4784754.

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18

Gordeeva, Olga B., and James M. Scobbie. "A phonetically versatile contrast: Pulmonic and glottalic voicelessness in Scottish English obstruents and voice quality." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 43, no. 3 (2013): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100313000200.

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This paper presents impressionistic, electroglottographic and acoustic data exploring the distribution of glottalic and pulmonic airstream in word-final Scottish English obstruents. We explore the relationship between these airstream mechanisms and aspirated or glottalised phonatory settings of individual speakers near this obstruent locus. We address the hypothesis that the tendency for pre-stop glottalisation found in some British English varieties can explain the occurrence of glottalically-released stops. This hypothesis suggests that ejectives would appear as an occasional artefact of mistimed glottalisation. We also investigate whether a glottalic airstream acts as a potential contrast enhancement mechanism, through association with /−voice/ as opposed to /+voice/ stops. We show that glottalisation and aspiration can readily co-occur in the same speaker, and that local phonatory setting (with glottalised or aspirated articulation) can be consistently used as a secondary correlate of obstruent /−voice/, in the context of stops and fricatives respectively. The results show that although glottalisation as a secondary correlate of /−voice/ stops often co-occurs with an ejective release, they are not necessarily bound together. These results argue against a simple epiphenomenal explanation for the appearance of ejective stops in English, while also showing that they are not (yet) a systematic phonological enhancement in this variety.

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Kye, Ted K., and Maida Percival. "Cross-linguistic realization of lateral ejective affricates in connected versus isolated speech." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022725.

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Typological research on ejectives has focused on the realization of stops in isolated speech (Kingston 1985, Lindau 1984). However, there has been little research on the realization of ejectives, and in particular affricates, in connected versus isolated speech. Given that lateral affricates can be produced with variable realization, this study compares the acoustics of [tɬ’] in isolated and connected speech for speakers of three languages: Lushootseed (Coast Salish), Hul’q’umi’num’ (Coast Salish), and Dene Kədə́ (Dene/Athabaskan). Duration, spectral moment, and voice quality measurements were examined from corpus data of word lists and connected speech. Results indicated that there was greater voice onset time (VOT), longer closure duration, and a smaller frication duration to VOT ratio in isolated speech than connected speech, supporting Lindblom’s (1990) and Farnetani & Recasens’ (2013) view that words are produced more hyperarticulated in isolated speech. Cross-linguistic differences were found in the duration of frication, center of gravity, and the rise to peak amplitude of the following vowel. Dene Kədə́ had greater frication duration and a shallower intensity slope than the Salish languages, indicators of differences in place of articulation and degree of affrication. This suggests different realizations of [tɬ’] across languages.

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Hajek, John, and John Bowden. "A Phonological Oddity in the Austronesian Area: Ejectives in Waimoa." Oceanic Linguistics 41, no. 1 (2002): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ol.2002.0021.

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Mahlmann, Jack, and Yoonjung Kang. "Perceptual learning of plain-ejective contrast." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, no. 4_Supplement (2024): A104. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035256.

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A recent cross-linguistic study finds that the presence of post-burst silence versus aspiration is a primary cue for ejective-plain stop contrast while VOT plays a minor role (Percival, 2024). This study explores whether English listeners can acquire this release cue after a short exposure and distributional training: “natural correlation” or “inhibition” (Kondaurova and Francis, 2010). Target words were created from Q’anjob’al /tu/ and /t’u/, distinguished by both VOT (short versus high) and release (aspiration versus silence). In the exposure phase, listeners heard stimuli along with pseudo-orthographic forms, &lt;tu&gt; or &lt;t*u&gt;. In the training phase, listeners categorized stimuli and were given feedback: the “natural correlation” group (n = 31) was trained on the same stimuli as the exposure phase; for the “inhibition” group (n = 29), only the release cue distinguished the stops and VOT varied from short to long for both stops. The pre-test and post-test, completed before and after the training phase, show that the release cue, already a primary cue prior to training for most listeners, especially with longer VOT, became stronger after training. No group difference was found. The novel release cue likely makes ejectives poor exemplars of English stops, therefore, easy to distinguish from plain stops (Best et al. 2001).

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Everett, Caleb. "Evidence for Direct Geographic Influences on Linguistic Sounds: The Case of Ejectives." PLoS ONE 8, no. 6 (2013): e65275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065275.

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MacEachern, Margaret R. "Computer modeling of the production of ejectives using aerodynamic and acoustic data." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100, no. 4 (1996): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.417461.

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Oh, Miran, Dani Byrd, Louis Goldstein, and Shrikanth S. Narayanan. "Enriching the understanding of glottalic consonant production: Vertical larynx movement in Hausa ejectives and implosives." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, no. 3 (2018): 1940–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5068491.

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Maghrabi, Reem. "Voice Feature Correlates of Emphatic /ṭ/ and /ṣ/ in Jeddah Arabic". World Journal of English Language 12, № 1 (2022): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n1p284.

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This research examines whether emphatic /ṭ/ and /ṣ/, both voiceless in Jeddah Arabic, show in their other voice feature correlates values that differentiate them from voiceless /t s/ and from voiced /d z/. A data set of a total of 600 words (10 speakers x 6 test words of the form /CVC(C)V:C/ (e.g. /χaṭṭa:ṭ/ ‘calligrapher’, /χaṣa:ṣa/ ‘gap, crevice’) x 10 repetitions) were collected and recorded by ten adult female native speakers of Jeddah Arabic aged 40–49. Results show that, like many languages, the voiced consonants tend to be shorter than the voiceless ones and vowels tend to be longer before them (Chen 1970). Results also indicate that in this parameter, Jeddah Arabic /ṭ/ retains some evidence of its historical non-voicelessness. This could mean that /ṭ/ and /ṣ/ are well on the way to completing a historical change from ejectives to fully voiceless consonants.

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Lindsey, Geoffrey, Katrina Hayward, and Andrew Haruna. "Hausa glottalic consonants: a laryngographic study." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 55, no. 3 (1992): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00003682.

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The Chadic (Afroasiatic) language Hausa, spoken mainly in Nigeria and the Republic of Niger, has a series of ‘glottalic’ obstruents. This includes both ejectives ([k’], [s’] or [ts’]; orthographic κ,ts) and two other consonants which have often been described as ‘implosives’ and are represented by the IPA symbols for implosives in Hausa orthography (б,d). In addition, there is a ‘laryngealized’ palatal glide (orthographic ‘y). The description of orthographic б,das implosive has been called into question, however. Ladefoged, in his well-known work on the phonetics of West African languages (Ladefoged (1964: 16)), suggested that, while these sounds may on occasion show the ingressive air flow characteristic of implosives, their most consistent characteristic is a distinctive mode of vocal fold vibration (phonation type) known as creaky voice or laryngealization; thus, Hausa б anddshould be labelled ‘laryngealized stops’ rather than ‘implosives’. One implication of this change in descriptive label is that, at least from a phonetic point of view, б anddshould be grouped with ‘y.

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Wagner, Karl Olaw Christian, and Wendy Baker-Smemoe. "An investigation of the production of ejectives by native (L1) and second (L2) language speakers of Q'eqchi' Mayan." Journal of Phonetics 41, no. 6 (2013): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2013.08.002.

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Bulakh, Maria, and Leonid Kogan. "Arabic influences on Tigre: A preliminary evaluation." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 74, no. 1 (2011): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x10000698.

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AbstractTigre, an Ethio-Semitic language spoken in Eritrea by a predominantly Muslim population, is known to have remained in intensive contact with Arabic since at least the nineteenth century. In the present article we attempt to survey the lexical and grammatical features of Tigre which are potentially attributable to Arabic influence. The genealogical proximity of Arabic and Ethio-Semitic complicates the task, as borrowed features and common retentions are not always easily distinguishable. In the lexical domain, the Arabic impact is undoubtedly conspicuous: thus, even in the core vocabulary Arabic loanwords are more prominent than in any other Ethio-Semitic language. Nevertheless, for many individual lexemes the borrowing hypothesis remains to be substantiated. Recent Arabic influence is probably responsible for a few relatively superficial features of Tigre phonetics and morphology. Several more deeply-rooted features may in principle be due to a more ancient and more intensive contact with Arabic: the specific influence of the ejectives on the vowels; the grammatical categories of singulative and diminutive; the diversity of verbal noun patterns in the basic stem; and several types of broken plural formation.

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Ball, Martin J. "Additional Phonetic Symbols for the Transcription of Typical and Atypical Speech." Journal of Connected Speech 1, no. 1 (2025): 106–19. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcspeech.29303.

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Abstract: The extIPA symbols chart provides a range of symbols to help clinical phoneticians transcribe atypical speech. However, there are groups of sounds that occur in disordered speech that have no symbols, and there are also sets of symbols used by some phoneticians that are not included on either the IPA or extIPA charts. Based on this, a set of Additional Phonetic (AddPhon) symbols are described in this article. Four criteria are outlined for inclusion in AddPhon, one or more of which must be met by any symbol being considered: it was previously, but is no longer, recognized by the IPA; it is widely used in non-IPA phonetic traditions; it is for a large range of sounds occurring in disordered speech for which no symbols currently exist; or it can be easily converted from current IPA usage for sounds lacking a symbol. Symbols are described for plosives, trills, taps, and flaps; alveolopalatal sounds; lateral and rhotic fricatives; approximants and voiceless ejectives. Finally, some possible inclusions are described and the reasons for not adding them to the new chart explained.

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Coburn, Jeremy R. "Laryngeal contrasts in Hadza occlusives." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019203.

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Laryngeal contrasts in consonants are found in nearly all languages. Two-way laryngeal contrasts are common in western European languages, and three- and four-way systems are attested, for example, in many South Asian languages. The current study presents acoustic data on laryngeal contrasts in Hadza, a language isolate spoken by ∼1200 people (Brian Wood, pc.) in Tanzania. Hadza contains multiple complex consonant types, including clicks and ejectives, as well as aspiration and prenasalization. Some previous descriptions suggested a three-way contrast in stops (e.g., /t tʰ d/) and affricates (e.g., t⌢s t⌢sʰ d⌢z), and also a two-way contrast in clicks (e.g., /! !ʰ/) (Tucker et al., 1977; de Voogt, 1992), but did not offer corroborating phonetic evidence. Sands et al. (1996) documented the expected distinction in Voice Onset Time (VOT) between voiceless unaspirated and aspirated stops, but they did not find VOT differences for clicks or affricates. Using wordlist data collected in 2022, this study presents temporal measurements, including VOT, to examine the phonetic properties of laryngeal contrasts in Hadza occlusives and, especially, to evince an aspiration contrast in affricates and clicks previously unsubstantiated in the literature. These results resolve discrepancies between past research and further elucidate the laryngeal system of Hadza.

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Alqarni, Muteb. "Arabic loanwords in seven Ethiopian languages." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 13, no. 2 (2021): 423–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01302009.

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Abstract Within the Theory of Constraints and Repair Strategies (Paradis, 1988a,b; Paradis & LaCharité, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2008, henceforth TCRS), we provide a formal analysis to the Arabic loanwords in seven languages spoken in Ethiopia: Ge’ez, Tigre, Tigrinya, Amharic, Harari, Argobba and Gurage. The analysis draws upon a corpus of 540 loanwords extracted from the works of Leslau (1956a,b,c; 1957a,b,c; 1958; 1963; 1990). The article presents theoretical challenges to the TCRS Loanword Model (Paradis & LaCharité, 1997), in particular to the Threshold Principle which stipulates that an illicit segment should universally undergo less than two repairs to be licensed in the borrowing language; beyond this limit, it will be deleted. The adaptations of Arabic segmental malformations in these seven Ethiopian languages, however, exceed this number totaling in certain cases to six repairs. The article also discusses the Arabic gutturals, [ʔ], [ʕ] and [ħ], which undergo unpredictable deletion in Amharic and Argobba, showing that the Non-Availability Hypothesis (Paradis & LaCharité, 2001) cannot account for these deletions either. Although the Francophones systematically delete gutturals in Arabic loanwords due to the non-availability of Pharyngeal node in French, the inventories of Amharic and Argobba include the laryngeal [h], the uvular [q] and the glottalized ejectives, thus employing Pharyngeal node plus the features [RTR] and [constricted glottis] as phonologically treatable primitives.

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Loakes, Debbie, Kirsty McDougall, and Adele Gregory. "Investigating the interaction between voice quality and plosive production in Australian Englishes: Acoustic features of vowel-/t/ sequences." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A204—A205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023283.

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A number of researchers have posited a link between voice quality and consonant production (e.g., Keating and Esposito 2007). This work investigates the connection between the acoustics of voice quality (laryngeal behaviour) and consonant realization (supralaryngeal behaviour) in Australian Englishes. Focusing on speech produced by 52 Australian English speakers (both “mainstream” and Aboriginal English speakers), we show that in vowel-/t/ sequences “breathy” t-categories (e.g., affricates, fricatives) co-occur with breathier vowels (including those with pre-aspiration), while laryngealized t-categories (e.g., ejectives, glottal stops) co-occur with creakier vowels. Vowels preceeding breathy /t/ categories have stastistically significantly higher F0 and H1–H2 values compared to vowels preceding canonical /t/. Meanwhile, vowels preceding glottal t-categories generally have lower mean spectral tilt measures (H1–H2, H1–A1), signifying increased creakiness in the vowel prior to glottal variants. We also report on dynamic analyses of H1–A1, paying attention to acoustic features of the last 25% of the vowel where peaks/troughs occur depending on consonant quality. A relationship between the voice quality of the vowel and the (broad) consonant type is demonstrated, however, it is not one-to-one. Rather voice quality appears to assist in creating the right conditions for particular consonantal variants. Keating, P. and C. Esposito. (2007), “Linguistic voice quality”, UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, 105: 85-91.

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Matuszak, A. F., N. Ye Pochitalkina, and D. S. Bespalova. "TRAINING PEDAGOGICAL STUDENTS FOR TEACHING SPEECH ETIQUETTE TO PUPILS." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-3/10.

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The aim of the article is to study the problem of training students for teaching speech etiquette to pupils in linguistic subjects. The research ob-ejectives are studying the concept of speech etiquette, analyzing its structure, developing direction soft raining pedagogical students for teaching speech etiquette. The research is based on a multi-level methodology, which includes the following scientific approaches: system approach, axiological and personality-oriented approaches. The main results in visage clarifying the concept of etiquette in the didactic aspect, studying the structure of students' readiness in the field of etiquette, and investigating the process of future teachers training for teaching etiquette to pupils. The conclusions of the article contain the description of the readiness structure, which includes knowledge of speech etiquette rules, the skills of using basic etiquette expressions, the student’s personal qualities (tolerance of a different opinion, politeness); as well as the content of training pedagogical students, realized via a system of classes, extracurricular activities, teaching practice. The originality and significance of the data obtained lies in the development of a holistic system of training students for teaching speech etiquette to pupils in the linguistic subjects. The practical significance of the research implies that practical experience to train students for teaching speech etiquette to pupils has been suggested in the paper on the example of linguistic subjects. The direction of further research: further research of the problem might be done by means of integrating academic subjects, working out optional courses on the issue in question.

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Cremades, H., C. H. Mandrini, M. C. López Fuentes, et al. "A long-duration active region: Evolution and quadrature observations of ejective events." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S327 (2016): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131700028x.

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AbstractUnknown aspects of the initiation, evolution, and associated phenomena of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), together with their capability of perturbing the fragile technological equilibrium on which nowadays society depends, turn them a compelling subject of study. While space weather forecasts are thus far not able to predict when and where in the Sun will the next CME take place, various CME triggering mechanisms have been proposed, without reaching consensus on which is the predominant one. To improve our knowledge in these respects, we investigate a long-duration active region throughout its life, from birth until decay along five solar rotations, in connection with its production of ejective events. We benefit from the wealth of solar remote-sensing data with improved temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution provided by the ground-breaking space missions STEREO, SDO, and SOHO. During the investigated time interval, which covers the months July – November 2010, the STEREO spacecraft were nearly 180 degrees apart, allowing for the uninterrupted tracking of the active region and its ensuing CMEs. The ejective aspect is examined from multi-viewpoint coronagraphic images, while the dynamics of the active region photospheric magnetic field are inspected by means of SDO/HMI data for specific subintervals of interest. The ultimate goal of this work in progress is to identify common patterns in the ejective aspect that can be connected with the active region characteristics.

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Koulouris, Stergios, Georgios Souliotis, Francesco Cappuzzello, et al. "Recent Progress in the Study of the Reaction 70Zn (15 MeV/nucleon) + 64Ni with the MAGNEX Spectrometer." HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics 29 (May 5, 2023): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5090.

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The present paper is focused on our recent efforts to study the production and identification of neutron-rich medium-mass rare isotopes from peripheral reactions at beam energies around and below the Fermi energy. We obtained high-quality experimental data from a recent experiment with the MAGNEX spectrometer at the INFN-LNS in Catania, Italy. The main aim of this experiment was to check the feasibility of ejectile identification in this energy regime with the use of a large acceptance magnetic spectrometer. Our developed technique for particle identification depends mainly on a reconstruction of both the atomic number Z and the ionic charge q of the ions, followed by the identification of the mass. Our method was successfully applied to identify neutron-rich ejectiles from multinucleon transfer from the reaction of 70Zn (15 MeV/nucleon) + 64Ni. Preliminary results indicate that the extracted experimental distributions, along with comparisons with the theoretical models could help us to shed light to the complex reaction mechanism of multinucleon transfer in this energy regime.

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Nguyen, Van Quang, Van Thien Nguyen, Tien Dung Hoang, et al. "The fluidic molecular trajectory and the Nano-droplet production ability." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 15 (2024): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2023016.

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This paper studies the liquid Nano-droplet production ability using molecular dynamics simulation methodology. The research parameter is performed at the temperature of 310 Kelvin (K), the pressing force of 10.0 × 10−10 Newton (N) and the ejective hole diameters of 25 and 40 Angstrom (Å). The research result shows that liquid Nano-droplets finally were not produced for the ejective diameter of 25 Å. The Nano-jets were not only non-destruction from nozzle’s surface to produce the droplets but also movement downward to come back the nozzle’s surface. The molecular trajectory is very zigzag and curved both inside and outside the ejective container. In the contrary, when increasing the ejective diameter to 40 Å, the liquid Nano-droplet was produced in the same the ejective time and compressible force magnitude. The molecular trajectory is quite straight after ejecting out the outside of the container. Meanwhile, for the nozzle diameter size of 40 Å, the Nano-droplet was not only production but also movement up to leave away the nozzle’s surface under same above conditions. That proves that the ejective diameter has the influences to the moveable direction and Nano-droplets formation ability in the whole ejective process.

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Shosted, Ryan K., and Sharon Rose. "Affricating ejective fricatives: The case of Tigrinya." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 41, no. 1 (2011): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100310000319.

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The production of an ejective fricative involves an aerodynamic dilemma. An ejective requires increased intraoral air pressure, while a fricative requires air to be continuously vented through a narrow constriction. This venting may defeat the pressure increase. Because ejectivity is realized by forming a complete oral closure, we hypothesize that complete closure (i.e. affrication) may also typify ejective fricatives in some languages. We test this hypothesis through an acoustic production experiment with speakers of Tigrinya. We find substantial evidence that Tigrinya /s’/ is commonly realized as [ts’] and comment on the plausibility of affrication as a general strategy for the realization of ejective fricatives.

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Nguyen, Van Quang, Van Thien Nguyen, and Tien Dung Hoang. "Investigating the influential factors of ejective time and compressible force magnitude to fluid jet movement." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 12 (2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021009.

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The molecular dynamics is the research method which is used to simulate the liquid ejection in this paper. The factors of 200000 time step (fs) total ejective time of total 200 000 time steps (fs) and various compressible forces of 9.0 × 10−10, 10.0 × 10−10 and 11.0 × 10−10 Newton (N) are main investigated in this research. These influences have action to the moveable direction of fluid jet in the whole ejective process. The research result indicates that liquid jet is prepared to separate out from nozzle plate's surface to form up droplets at the ejective time of 140 000 fs for the nozzle diameter size of 27.5 Angstrom (Å), system temperature of 310 Kelvin (K) and compressible force magnitude of 9.0 × 10−10 (N). However, when increasing the ejective time or compressible force magnitude, the jets were not only non-destruction from nozzle's surface to produce the droplets but also downward movement to go back the nozzle's surface. Meanwhile, with the nozzle diameter size of 40 Å, the droplets are not only production but also movement up to go away the nozzle under same research condition. Those prove that the ejective time and compressible force magnitude have the influences to the moveable direction of fluid jet in the whole ejective process.

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Mancuso, Mia, Ju Jing, Haimin Wang та Wenda Cao. "Solar Flares Triggered by a Filament Peeling Process Revealed by High-resolution GST Hα Observations". Astrophysical Journal Letters 980, № 1 (2025): L4. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adad74.

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Abstract The dynamic structures of solar filaments prior to solar flares provide important physical clues about the onset of solar eruptions. Observations of those structures under subarcsecond resolution with high cadence are rare. We present high-resolution observations covering preeruptive and eruptive phases of two C-class solar flares, C5.1 (SOL2022-11-14T17:29) and C5.1 (SOL2022-11-14T19:29), obtained by the Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. Both flares are ejective, i.e., accompanied by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). High-resolution Hα observations reveal details of the flares and some striking features, such as a filament peeling process: individual strands of thin flux tubes are separated from the main filament, followed shortly thereafter by a flare. The estimated flux of rising strands is in the order of 1017 Mx, versus the 1019 Mx of the entire filament. Our new finding may explain why photospheric magnetic fields and overall active region and filament structures as a whole do not have obvious changes after a flare, and why some CMEs have been traced back to the solar active regions with only nonerupting filaments, as the magnetic reconnection may only involve a very small amount of flux in the active region, requiring no significant filament eruptions. We suggest internal reconnection between filament threads, instead of reconnection to external loops, as the process responsible for triggering this peeling of threads that results in the two flares and their subsequent CMEs.

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Tomczak, M. "Do X-ray plasma ejections accelerate Coronal Mass Ejections?" Astronomy & Astrophysics 417, no. 3 (2004): 1133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20031774.

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Price, Lavinia, Marianne Pouplier, and Philip Hoole. "Ejective production mechanisms in English." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (2020): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5147392.

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Beguš, Gašper. "Vowel duration before ejective stops." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (2016): 3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4969695.

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Kahler, S. "Coronal mass ejections." Reviews of Geophysics 25, no. 3 (1987): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rg025i003p00663.

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Jardine, Moira, Jean-Francois Donati, and Scott G. Gregory. "Stellar mass ejections." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S257 (2008): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309029317.

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AbstractIt has been known for some time now that rapidly-rotating solar-like stars possess the stellar equivalent of solar prominences. These may be three orders of magnitude more massive than their solar counterparts, and their ejection from the star may form a significant contribution to the loss of angular momentum and mass in the stellar wind. In addition, their number and distribution provide valuable clues as to the structure of the stellar corona and hence to the nature of magnetic activity in other stars.Until recently, these “slingshot prominences” had only been observed in mature stars, but their recent detection in an extremely young star suggests that they may be more widespread than previously thought. In this review we will summarise our current understanding of these stellar prominences, their ejection from their stars and their role in elucidating the (sometimes very non-solar) behaviour of stellar magnetic fields.

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Low, B. C. "Coronal Mass Ejections." Highlights of Astronomy 7 (1986): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153929960000722x.

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Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F. "Coronal Mass Ejections." Space Science Reviews 123, no. 1-3 (2006): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-006-9025-x.

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Sigaud, G. M., K. Kroneberger, P. Focke, and K. O. Groeneveld. "Convoy electrons associated with neutral ejectiles." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 79, no. 1-4 (1993): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(93)95277-c.

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Vakhrusheva, A. A., Yu S. Shugay, K. B. Kaportseva, V. E. Eremeev, and V. V. Kalegaev. "Coronal dimming parameters and their variations in the 24th solar cycle." Геомагнетизм и аэрономия 64, no. 1 (2024): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016794024010017.

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We analyzed coronal dimming parameters and their relation to coronal mass ejections to determine the location of possible ejections sources on the solar disk in the 24th solar cycle. We used Solar Demon database that contains flares and dimmings parameters obtained from SDO/AIA image. Coronal mass ejections from the CACTus database were associated with 16% of all the dimmings for the period 2010–2018. On average, dimmings associated with coronal mass ejections are events with large absolute parameter values. Correlation coefficient between dimming position angle and associated coronal mass ejection position angle is 0.96. Correlation coefficients between the coronal mass ejection speed and dimming parameters are close to 0.5 for dimmings in the central region of the solar disk. Obtained results can be used to model coronal mass ejections propagation and to define the probability of their arrival in near-Earth space.

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Ridouane, Rachid, and Cédric Gendrot. "On ejective fricatives in Omani Mehri." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 9, no. 1-2 (2017): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-00901008.

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Ejective fricatives are extremely rare cross-linguistically. This infrequency is generally attributed to the incompatibility of two aerodynamic requirements: airflow to create noise frication and a high intraoral air pressure to implement ejectivity. Seeking to determine how this incompatibility is solved, this study presents an acoustic investigation of initial and intervocalic ejective fricatives in Mehri, a Modern South Arabian language spoken in Oman. Based on data from 5 Mehri speakers, the analysis of different temporal and non-temporal parameters shows a high degree of variability in the way ejectivity is implemented in fricatives. Much of this variability is shaped by the position of the segments within the word. In initial position, the ejectivity of fricatives translates into a frequent presence of post-frication glottal lags, higher intensity and higher center of gravity. These acoustic attributes are less frequently encountered in intervocalic position. In this position, it is argued, the systematic diphthongization of the following long vowel, induced by ejectivity combined with dorsopharyngealisation, is salient enough to allow the contrast of ejectivity to be recovered.

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Tamás Mátrai and Imre Z. Ruzsa. "A Characterization of Essentially Ejective Sets." Real Analysis Exchange 29, no. 2 (2004): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/realanalexch.29.2.0587.

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Journal articles on the topic 'And ejectives'

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