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1
Hollingsworth, Scott A., and P. Andrew Karplus. "A fresh look at the Ramachandran plot and the occurrence of standard structures in proteins." BioMolecular Concepts 1, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2010): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc.2010.022.
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AbstractThe Ramachandran plot is among the most central concepts in structural biology, seen in publications and textbooks alike. However, with the increasing numbers of known protein structures and greater accuracy of ultra-high resolution protein structures, we are still learning more about the basic principles of protein structure. Here, we use high-fidelity conformational information to explore novel ways, such as geo-style and wrapped Ramachandran plots, to convey some of the basic aspects of the Ramachandran plot and of protein conformation. We point out the pressing need for a standard nomenclature for peptide conformation and propose such a nomenclature. Finally, we summarize some recent conceptual advances related to the building blocks of protein structure. The results for linear groups imply the need for substantive revisions in how the basics of protein structure are handled.
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Mannige, Ranjan V. "An exhaustive survey of regular peptide conformations using a new metric for backbone handedness (h)." PeerJ 5 (May 16, 2017): e3327. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3327.
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The Ramachandran plot is important to structural biology as it describes a peptide backbone in the context of its dominant degrees of freedom—the backbone dihedral angles φ and ψ (Ramachandran, Ramakrishnan & Sasisekharan, 1963). Since its introduction, the Ramachandran plot has been a crucial tool to characterize protein backbone features. However, the conformation or twist of a backbone as a function of φ and ψ has not been completely described for both cis and trans backbones. Additionally, little intuitive understanding is available about a peptide’s conformation simply from knowing the φ and ψ values of a peptide (e.g., is the regular peptide defined by φ = ψ = − 100° left-handed or right-handed?). This report provides a new metric for backbone handedness (h) based on interpreting a peptide backbone as a helix with axial displacement d and angular displacement θ, both of which are derived from a peptide backbone’s internal coordinates, especially dihedral angles φ, ψ and ω. In particular, h equals sin(θ)d∕|d|, with range [−1, 1] and negative (or positive) values indicating left(or right)-handedness. The metric h is used to characterize the handedness of every region of the Ramachandran plot for both cis (ω = 0°) and trans (ω = 180°) backbones, which provides the first exhaustive survey of twist handedness in Ramachandran (φ, ψ) space. These maps fill in the ‘dead space’ within the Ramachandran plot, which are regions that are not commonly accessed by structured proteins, but which may be accessible to intrinsically disordered proteins, short peptide fragments, and protein mimics such as peptoids. Finally, building on the work of (Zacharias & Knapp, 2013), this report presents a new plot based on d and θ that serves as a universal and intuitive alternative to the Ramachandran plot. The universality arises from the fact that the co-inhabitants of such a plot include every possible peptide backbone including cis and trans backbones. The intuitiveness arises from the fact that d and θ provide, at a glance, numerous aspects of the backbone including compactness, handedness, and planarity.
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WANG, YI-REN, and HAN-SHIANG LIN. "STABILITY ANALYSIS AND VIBRATION REDUCTION FOR A TWO-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR SYSTEM." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 13, no. 05 (May 28, 2013): 1350031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500314.
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This study examines how the vibration absorbers influence the stability of nonlinear flow-solid interaction systems. A novel approach is proposed for the analysis of dynamic stability of the two-dimensional nonlinear system using the internal resonance contour plot (IRCP) and flutter speed contour plot (FSCP). The system considered is a planar rigid-body with plunge and pitch vibrations. The two ends of the body are supported by cubic nonlinear springs with quadratic damping. The vibration absorber attached beneath is also considered as a rigid body, with the mass and position of the absorber adjusted for optimization of vibration reduction. The method of multiple scales (MOMS) is employed to obtain a fixed point solution. The P-method is also adopted to obtain the eigen plot and Poincaré Map for comparison. Finally, both the IRCP with FSCP are cross-referenced to provide guide-lines for identifying the optimal location for the absorber with regard to stability and vibration reduction without the need to alter the framework of the main body.
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Reddy, T. A., J. K. Kissock, S. Katipamula, and D. E. Claridge. "An Energy Delivery Efficiency Index to Evaluate Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Effects in Large Commercial Buildings." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930502.
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HVAC systems of large commercial buildings consume energy in excess of the sum total of the building loads. This excess energy use is due to the fact that a single air-handler unit in a HVAC system, having to provide conditioned air at different supply temperatures to different zones in the building, can do so only by resorting to either (a) a certain amount of mixing of cold and hot air streams as in dual-duct systems or (b) to terminal reheating in single-duct systems. This mixing of cold and hot air streams or terminal reheating result in an energy penalty which can be minimized by say, converting a constant air volume (CAV) system to a variable air volume (VAV) system, but it cannot be entirely eliminated. This paper proposes an index, called the Energy Delivery Efficiency (EDE), which characterizes this penalty and rates the energy performance of HVAC systems on an absolute scale. We develop the mathematical basis of the EDE approach for both one-zone and two-zone buildings, that allows determining the variation of the ideal EDE with outdoor temperature for a specific building. Year-long measured whole-building cooling and heating energy use data from two retrofitted buildings are finally used to illustrate differences between actual EDE plots of CAV and VAV systems, how they compare with the ideal EDE of a two-zone building, and how the approach can provide diagnostic insights into HVAC system efficiency in specific buildings.
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Marini-Maio, Nicoletta. "Theatrical Plots in a Spectacular Setting." Scenario: A Journal of Performative Teaching, Learning, Research VI, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/scenario.6.2.2.
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Palazzo del Bo is an impressive historical building that hosts part of the University of Padua. At the Bo, you may walk through the huge Sala dei Quaranta [Room of the Forty], so called because of the portraits of forty famous foreign students, such as Copernicus, who attended courses at this prestigious university. Then, you can stop before the podium from which Galileo Galilei used to teach math and physics between 1592 and 1610. Finally, you may enter the Teatro anatomico [Anatomic theater], the first place in the world where students of medicine could carry out research on dissected bodies: the anatomic table is still there, surrounded by six circular wooden tiers of three hundred seats. This was the spectacular scenario of the international seminar Plot me no plots: theatre in university language teaching (Padua, October 14-15, 2011),1 an inspiring opportunity to compare research findings, methods, and pedagogical perspectives with a very special group of colleagues teaching foreign languages through drama and theater in a number of countries across the world. 2 The materials presented were varied as the audience had the opportunity to listen to lectures, watch clips in several languages from actual play productions, and discuss or practice ...
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Hoecker, Robin. "Visual narrative and trauma recovery." Narrative Inquiry 24, no. 2 (November 24, 2014): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.24.2.05hoe.
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Visual representations are powerful vehicles for the transmission of collective memory and the processing of traumatic events (Zelizer, 1998). But how do images create narrative, particularly in context of a traumatic past? This paper analyzes two visual narratives created by national truth commissions in Guatemala and Peru. Drawing from various theories of visual narrative and visual grammar, mainly Eisner (1985), McCloud (1993), Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), and Cohn (2013), this paper analyzes how each project used visuals — photography and illustrations — to create the building blocks of narrative: characters, setting, and plot. It compares and contrasts the two projects in terms of how they depict the main actors in the conflicts, as well as the main events and the overall visual narrative structure. Finally, this paper discusses the potential benefits and drawbacks of each medium as a post-traumatic tool.
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Kudryavtsev, Sergey. "Buckling behavior of steel column with triangularly corrugated web." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927902007.
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The paper presents a study of behaviour of axially loaded columns that consist of two flanges and a thin triangularly corrugated web, connected by automatic welding. In the literature, the buckling behaviour of steel columns was dealt with mostly for members with plate webs. Researches of that problem for columns with corrugated webs were found out to be very limited. A parametric study is carried out for various column slenderness and corrugation densities. A general-purpose finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used. The corrugation densities adopted in this study represent practical geometries, which are commonly used for such structures in building practice. Plot showing the influence of section slenderness on value of reduction factor for lateral buckling is presented. It is determined that existing buckling curves poorly describe the dependence of the reduction factor on slenderness for axially compressed members with triangularly corrugated webs. Finally, recommendations were proposed for the design of pin-ended columns with corrugated webs at lateral buckling in accordance with numerical results.
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Rajesh, S. R., Han Sur Bang, Heung Ju Kim, and Hee Seon Bang. "Analysis of Complex Heat Flow Phenomena with Friction Stir Welding Using 3D-Analytical Model." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.339.
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Friction stir welding is being attracted and developed as an efficient joining method in the manufacturing field of Automobile, Aerospace and Ship building industries. As the FSW develops, more scientific research work investigations in this field have also been increased. Recent studies in FSW have revealed that both heat and metal flow characteristics have a non-symmetric complex nature about the tool axis. But until now there is no efficient 3D- heat flow model to be comparable with the experimentally measured values. The body of the work covered FSW of Al6061 and its thermal distribution based on a nonsymmetrical analytical model for the heat input in to the matrix of Al plates from FSW tool due to the effect of combined translation and rotational motion of the tool pin and shoulder. Finally the 3D- finite element heat transfer analysis program has been used to plot the heat distribution at the Friction Stir Welded joint in Al 6061 plate. The work concludes that the heat distribution result obtained from FE analysis has a reasonable agreement with the experimentally measured values.
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Denkiewicz-Szczepaniak, Emilia. "Budowa gmachu Poselstwa Norwegii w Warszawie w latach 1946–1949." Studia Scandinavica, no. 1 (21) (December 17, 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/ss.2017.21.07.
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The building an edifice for the Legation of Norway in Warsaw, in the years 1946 to 1949, remains one of the most important events in the Polish-Norwegian relations that took place after the Second World War. Alfred Danielsen, a Norwegian envoy in Warsaw, was the main initiator and organizer of the project. In sections I and II, we find a short biography of Danielsen. It includes the first major actions – such as purchasing of the burnt-out premises at Chopin Street 2A and information about how the building works were started. Another section refers to the problem of adding extra plots of land situated at Chopin Street 4, and the way Danielsen resolved this issue with the Warsaw authorities. The next two sections refer to the building process, implemented according to the Norwegian Building Committee guidelines. Finally, the last section describes the repair works in 1949 and moving of the Legation to its own building.
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Fu, Jiake, Huijing Tian, Lingguang Song, Mingchao Li, Shuo Bai, and Qiubing Ren. "Productivity estimation of cutter suction dredger operation through data mining and learning from real-time big data." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 28, no. 7 (January 25, 2021): 2023–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-05-2020-0357.
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PurposeThis paper presents a new approach of productivity estimation of cutter suction dredger operation through data mining and learning from real-time big data.Design/methodology/approachThe paper used big data, data mining and machine learning techniques to extract features of cutter suction dredgers (CSD) for predicting its productivity. ElasticNet-SVR (Elastic Net-Support Vector Machine) method is used to filter the original monitoring data. Along with the actual working conditions of CSD, 15 features were selected. Then, a box plot was used to clean the corresponding data by filtering out outliers. Finally, four algorithms, namely SVR (Support Vector Regression), XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting), LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory Network) and BP (Back Propagation) Neural Network, were used for modeling and testing.FindingsThe paper provided a comprehensive forecasting framework for productivity estimation including feature selection, data processing and model evaluation. The optimal coefficient of determination (R2) of four algorithms were all above 80.0%, indicating that the features selected were representative. Finally, the BP neural network model coupled with the SVR model was selected as the final model.Originality/valueMachine-learning algorithm incorporating domain expert judgments was used to select predictive features. The final optimal coefficient of determination (R2) of the coupled model of BP neural network and SVR is 87.6%, indicating that the method proposed in this paper is effective for CSD productivity estimation.
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Fanney, A. Hunter, Brian P. Dougherty, and Mark W. Davis. "Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels*." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1385824.
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The photovoltaic industry is experiencing rapid growth. Industry analysts project that photovoltaic sales will increase from their current $1.5 billion level to over $27 billion by 2020, representing an average growth rate of 25%. (Cook et. al. 2000)[1]. To date, the vast majority of sales have been for navigational signals, call boxes, telecommunication centers, consumer products, off-grid electrification projects, and small grid-interactive residential rooftop applications. Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one or more of the exterior surfaces of the building envelope, represents a small but growing photovoltaic application. In order for building owners, designers, and architects to make informed economic decisions regarding the use of building integrated photovoltaics, accurate predictive tools and performance data are needed. A building integrated photovoltaic test bed has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to provide the performance data needed for model validation. The facility incorporates four identical pairs of building integrated photovoltaic panels constructed using single-crystalline, polycrystalline, silicon film, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells. One panel of each identical pair is installed with thermal insulation attached to its rear surface. The second paired panel is installed without thermal insulation. This experimental configuration yields results that quantify the effect of elevated cell temperature on the panels’ performance for different cell technologies. This paper presents the first set of experimental results from this facility. Comparisons are made between the electrical performance of the insulated and non-insulated panels for each of the four cell technologies. The monthly and overall conversion efficiencies for each cell technology are presented and the seasonal performance variations discussed. Daily efficiencies are presented for a selected month. Finally, plots of the power output and panel temperatures are presented and discussed for the single-crystalline and amorphous silicon panels.
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Peng, Kaixiang, Bingzheng Wang, and Jie Dong. "An Efficient Quality-Related Fault Diagnosis Method for Real-Time Multimode Industrial Process." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9560206.
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Focusing on quality-related complex industrial process performance monitoring, a novel multimode process monitoring method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, principal component space clustering is implemented under the guidance of quality variables. Through extraction of model tags, clustering information of original training data can be acquired. Secondly, according to multimode characteristics of process data, the monitoring model integrated Gaussian mixture model with total projection to latent structures is effective after building the covariance description form. The multimode total projection to latent structures (MTPLS) model is the foundation of problem solving about quality-related monitoring for multimode processes. Then, a comprehensive statistics index is defined which is based on the posterior probability of the monitored samples belonging to each Gaussian component in the Bayesian theory. After that, a combined index is constructed for process monitoring. Finally, motivated by the application of traditional contribution plot in fault diagnosis, a gradient contribution rate is applied for analyzing the variation of variable contribution rate along samples. Our method can ensure the implementation of online fault monitoring and diagnosis for multimode processes. Performances of the whole proposed scheme are verified in a real industrial, hot strip mill process (HSMP) compared with some existing methods.
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Wang, Hong Bing, Jun Qin, Yong Hong Hu, Li Dong, and Jia Kuan Chen. "Exploring the Spatial Preferences of Plant Landscape Dynamics around the Buildings in the Humble Administrator’s Garden, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 2997–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2997.
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The Humble Administrator’s Garden is not only the topmost classical private garden south of the Yangtze River in China, but a member of the World Culture Heritage List. Its rich plant landscape patterns around housings have valuable effects on today’s building environment. This study tried to explore the spatial preferences of plant landscape dynamics of the garden. The 13 sample plots, each of which centered about a building and 12m outward radiation, were investigated in February and August 2010. We recorded totally 53 tree species and 325 individuals. Tree height, defoliation, direction (relative to building) and spacing (distance from building) were divided into levels of 6, 2, 8 and 4 respectively. Each level was encoded in order. Thus a tree had a four-digit code including the four factors. There were 4 evergreen gymnosperms which had only a little effect on building daylighting. Both the defoliation ratio of 0.69 and dominant species of most deciduous species showed primary deciduous trees were valuable to realize the balance of daylighting, ventilation and seasonal beauty. The result of small evergreen trees and large deciduous trees is valuable for both sunshine and green in winter as well as shading in summer. Most small trees on the west can be barrier against the hot sun on summer afternoon. Most large trees on the south are beneficial to southern shading and ventilation. Finally, the open space before window is necessary for daylighting and ventilation.
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Carlomagno, Tiziano, Maria C. Cringoli, Slavko Kralj, Marina Kurbasic, Paolo Fornasiero, Paolo Pengo, and Silvia Marchesan. "Biocatalysis of d,l-Peptide Nanofibrillar Hydrogel." Molecules 25, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25132995.
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Self-assembling peptides are attracting wide interest as biodegradable building blocks to achieve functional nanomaterials that do not persist in the environment. Amongst the many applications, biocatalysis is gaining momentum, although a clear structure-to-activity relationship is still lacking. This work applied emerging design rules to the heterochiral octapeptide sequence His–Leu–DLeu–Ile–His–Leu–DLeu–Ile for self-assembly into nanofibrils that, at higher concentration, give rise to a supramolecular hydrogel for the mimicry of esterase-like activity. The peptide was synthesized by solid-phase and purified by HPLC, while its identity was confirmed by 1H-NMR and electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. The hydrogel formed by this peptide was studied with oscillatory rheometry, and the supramolecular behavior of the peptide was investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, thioflavin T amyloid fluorescence assay, and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The biocatalytic activity was studied by monitoring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) at neutral pH, and the reaction kinetics followed an apparent Michaelis–Menten model, for which a Lineweaver–Burk plot was produced to determine its enzymatic parameters for a comparison with the literature. Finally, LC–MS analysis was conducted on a series of experiments to evaluate the extent of, if any, undesired peptide acetylation at the N-terminus. In conclusion, we provide new insights that allow gaining a clearer picture of self-assembling peptide design rules for biocatalysis.
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de Saint Laurent, Constance, Vlad P. Glăveanu, and Ioana Literat. "Internet Memes as Partial Stories: Identifying Political Narratives in Coronavirus Memes." Social Media + Society 7, no. 1 (January 2021): 205630512198893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305121988932.
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This article advances a narrative approach to internet memes conceptualized as partial stories that reflect, capture, and contribute to wider storylines. One key difficulty in studying memes as stories rests in the fact that narrative analysis often focuses on plot at the expense of roles and characters. Building on narrative psychology and, in particular, transactional and linguistic types of analysis, we propose a typology of character roles—Persecutor, Victim, Hero, and Fool—that is useful to uncover scenarios within memes and, thus, reveal their intrinsic narrative structure. We apply this framework to the analysis of political narratives embedded within 241 coronavirus memes systematically sampled from Reddit’s r/CoronavirusMemes between January and May 2020. Five main scenarios or storylines emerged from this analysis, the first four depicting a more or less common narrative of protest against the incompetence and/or malevolence of the political class—from Donald Trump and the Republicans in the United States to Boris Johnson and the Conservatives in the United Kingdom and, finally, to politicians in Asia such as Xi Jinping and Kim Jong-un—while the fifth scenario brought to the fore social categories made salient by the pandemic and focused especially on the relation between people who respect and don’t respect measures. The psychological, social, and political implications of these scenarios in relation to the pandemic are discussed, as well as the broader consequences of studying memes as narrative structures.
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Ermondi, Giuseppe, Diego Garcia-Jimenez, and Giulia Caron. "PROTACs and Building Blocks: The 2D Chemical Space in Very Early Drug Discovery." Molecules 26, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030672.
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Targeted protein degradation by PROTACs has emerged as a new modality for the knockdown of a range of proteins, and, more recently, it has become increasingly clear that the PROTAC chemical space requires characterization through a pool of ad hoc physicochemical descriptors. In this study, a new database named PROTAC-DB that provides extensive information about PROTACs and building blocks was used to obtain the 2D chemical structures of about 1600 PROTACs, 60 E3 ligands, 800 linkers, and 202 warheads. For every structure, we calculated a pool of seven 2D descriptors carefully identified as informative for large and flexible structures. For comparison purposes, the same procedure was applied to a dataset of about 50 bRo5 approved drugs reported in the literature. Correlation matrices, PCAs, box plots, and other graphical tools were used to define and understand the chemical space covered by PROTACs and building blocks in relation to other compounds. Results show that linkers have different properties than E3 ligands and warheads. Polar descriptors additivity is not respected when passing from building blocks to degraders. Moreover, a very preliminary analysis based on three PROTACs with high, intermediate, and low permeability showed how the most permeable compounds seem to occupy a region closer to bRo5 drugs and, thus, exhibit different properties than impermeable compounds. Finally, a second database, PROTACpedia, was used to discuss the relevance of physicochemical descriptors on degradation activity.
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Matveyeva, N. V., I. A. Lavrinenko, and O. V. Lavrinenko. "Arctic vegetation archive and Classification Workshop, Prague, 30–31 March 2017." Vegetation of Russia, no. 30 (2017): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2017.30.124.
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The two-day Arctic Vegetation Archive and Classification Workshop, in which twenty-nine individuals (two in absentia) from 9 countries (EU: Czech Republic, Germany, Norway, Slovak Republic, Switzerland, The Netherlands; Russia, USA, Canada) participated, took place at the Czech Academy of Science Building, Prague, Czech Republic, on 30–31 April 2017. An Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA) is essential for developing an Arctic Vegetation Classification (AVC) and is needed for a variety of international Arctic initiatives that involve Arctic vegetation information. The AVA will gather vegetation and environmental data from approximately 31 000 legacy vegetation plots into a standardized format for vegetation classification and analysis. The primary goal is to develop a strategy for each country to assemble its own archive with common protocols that will later allow the databases to be united into a single AVA using TurboVeg v3 and then use JUICE software to create a Pan Arctic vegetation classification. Several overview and keynote talks set the stage. We reviewed the datasets and plots that are available for each of the floristic provinces in each circumpolar country. Discussions focused on the exchange of data between different database approaches, reflections on the realization of a pan-Arctic vegetation classification, steps still needed to achieve the AVC. At the end of the meeting, the assembled members resolved to accomplish the following within 5 years: – develop a checklist of existing described Arctic vegetation habitat and vegetation types (an Arctic prodromus) according the European Vegetation Classification approach. – develop and use standardized plot-data collection and archiving methods modeled after the European Vegetation Archive and the Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive. – modify the existing vector-based Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map to a raster-based format with 12.5-km resolution, and incorporate modifications based on new knowledge. – work with the Arctic Data Center (ADC) to develop data-sharing methods and rules for Arctic vegetation data. – contribute to training a new generation of young professional Arctic botanists and vegetation scientists through international field courses at the University of the Arctic and the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS). There was understanding of the necessity to develop a funding strategy to secure funds for completing the AVA and AVC. Finally we resolved to meet again at Arctic Science Summit Week 2019 in Arkhangelsk, Russia.
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Ly, Hai-Bang, and Binh Thai Pham. "Prediction of Shear Strength of Soil Using Direct Shear Test and Support Vector Machine Model." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 14, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836802014010041.
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Background: Shear strength of soil, the magnitude of shear stress that a soil can maintain, is an important factor in geotechnical engineering. Objective: The main objective of this study is dedicated to the development of a machine learning algorithm, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the shear strength of soil based on 6 input variables such as clay content, moisture content, specific gravity, void ratio, liquid limit and plastic limit. Methods: An important number of experimental measurements, including more than 500 samples was gathered from the Long Phu 1 power plant project’s technical reports. The accuracy of the proposed SVM was evaluated using statistical indicators such as the coefficient of correlation (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) over a number of 200 simulations taking into account the random sampling effect. Finally, the most accurate SVM model was used to interpret the prediction results due to Partial Dependence Plots (PDP). Results: Validation results showed that SVM model performed well for prediction of soil shear strength (R = 0.9 to 0.95), and the moisture content, liquid limit and plastic limit were found as the three most affecting features to the prediction of soil shear strength. Conclusion: This study might help in quick and accurate prediction of soil shear strength for practical purposes in civil engineering.
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Ly, Hai-Bang, and Binh Thai Pham. "Prediction of Shear Strength of Soil Using Direct Shear Test and Support Vector Machine Model." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 14, no. 1 (September 25, 2020): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836802014010268.
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Background: Shear strength of soil, the magnitude of shear stress that a soil can maintain, is an important factor in geotechnical engineering. Objective: The main objective of this study is dedicated to the development of a machine learning algorithm, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the shear strength of soil based on 6 input variables such as clay content, moisture content, specific gravity, void ratio, liquid limit and plastic limit. Methods: An important number of experimental measurements, including more than 500 samples was gathered from the Long Phu 1 power plant project’s technical reports. The accuracy of the proposed SVM was evaluated using statistical indicators such as the coefficient of correlation (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) over a number of 200 simulations taking into account the random sampling effect. Finally, the most accurate SVM model was used to interpret the prediction results due to Partial Dependence Plots (PDP). Results: Validation results showed that SVM model performed well for prediction of soil shear strength (R = 0.9 to 0.95), and the moisture content, liquid limit and plastic limit were found as the three most affecting features to the prediction of soil shear strength. Conclusion: This study might help in quick and accurate prediction of soil shear strength for practical purposes in civil engineering.
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Zengin, Esra, Norman A. Abrahamson, and Sashi Kunnath. "Isolating the effect of ground-motion duration on structural damage and collapse of steel frame buildings." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 718–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019891720.
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The debate over the significance of ground-motion duration is long-standing and the literature on the influence of duration on structural response is extensive. Decoupling of the duration from other characteristics of the ground motion is crucial for accurate quantification of its effect on structural responses. This article presents a new methodology that isolates the duration from the amplitude, frequency content, and rate of energy build-up of the ground motion. This is achieved by selecting short- and long-duration record pairs that are equated on the basis of spectral shape and the slope of the Husid plot. The use of the initial rate of Arias Intensity as a control parameter is novel in the literature. The proposed approach enables the examination of the sole effect of the duration on structural responses of 2-story and 9-story steel frame buildings. We find that the maximum interstory-drift ratios are not generally sensitive to the duration differences between short- and long-duration record sets, whereas the cumulative damage parameters (i.e. dissipated hysteretic energy and Modified Park–Ang Damage Index) of the buildings considered in this study are affected by duration. Finally, we extend the study to collapse limit states and find that duration has a small effect on structural collapse capacity, after controlling three key ground-motion parameters.
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Martin-Chavez, Andrea, and Jorge Andrade. "Incremental Urban and Dwelling Proposals in Guanajuato, Mexico." Open House International 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2005-b0005.
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An International Competition of Architecture, Urban Development and Sustainable Housing, was held in Mexico in 2001. The aim of the contest was to create a vanguard and imaginative urban and architectural design that could accommodate the local regulation, the concept of sustainability and bioclimatic design. The proposed site is located within Guanajuato city’s periphery From a critic review of the finalist projects we concluded that although they were very innovative in bioclimatic design they maintained the concept of prototype at the unit level and groups of prototypes layout in the plot at the urban level. We decided to take the same theme as an academic exercise for the following reasons: • The opportunity to design under the same rules but changing the concept of a traditional mass housing complex to a slice of city that transforms itself in time with incremental dwellings. • The city of Guanajuato is a colonial city very important for its history, cultural activity and architecture. The urban layout adapts to its rugged surface, which is very similar to the one of the given site. • The contest program had a similar objective to that of the academic program of the last year of architecture in our University. From the analysis of Guanajuato City thematic and non thematic elements of the urban tissue and with the aid of the Tissue Model method, students made the urban proposals. The unit proposals were designed with Open Building in mind instead of designing the required prototypes. This article will focus on the tissue model methodology applied, first to formulate the tissue characteristics of downtown Guanajuato, then to develop the urban layout of the new housing complex and finally to develop the agreement documents for the urban design. Some examples of different final urban and support design will be given.
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Chow, Cheuk Lun, and Wan Ki Chow. "FIRE SAFETY ASPECTS OF REFUGE FLOORS IN SUPERTALL BUILDINGS WITH COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2009): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-3730.2009.15.225-236.
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High-rise buildings in many big cities in the Far East, including Hong Kong, call for refuge floors as a matter of both practicality and compliance with regulations. Even though many countries’ fire codes are not clear in spelling out the necessity for refuge floors, it is accepted within construction that such floors are essential in resisting fire, allowing users a means of escape and allowing emergency services a means of access to stricken buildings. This paper discusses the reasons behind providing refuge floors, while also considering related fire safety provisions, such as their enclosure behind fire‐resistant construction or the protection of their openings behind a water curtain. Our discussion takes a tall building with balconies as a test example of refuge floors, running a hazard assessment based on Computational Fluid Dynamics assuming a fire of the broadly accepted level of 2 MW. The paper concludes that the design of the building's façade finally determines whether or not a refuge floor and associated fire safety provisions, such as a water curtain, can be waived. As the flat modelled used to store a high amount of combustibles up to 1135 MJm−2, the breaking of large area of glass window could lead to a major conflagration. The consequences of a scenario with a fire of 25 MW are also discussed. Santrauka Daugelio Tolimųjų Rytų didžiųjų miestų aukštuminiuose pastatuose, taip pat ir Honkongo, reikalingi saugos aukštai, paisant praktiškumo ir atitikimo reikalavimus. Netgi jei daugelio šalių gaisrinės saugos normos aiškiai nereglamentuoja būtinybės įrengti saugos aukštų, konstrukciniu požiūriu tokie aukštai yra būtini gaisrinei saugai, užtikrinant pastato naudotojams evakuacijos galimybę ir avarinėms tarnyboms patekimą į pastatą. Straipsnyje aptariamos saugos aukštų įrengimo priežastys, taip pat įvertinamos susijusios tokios gaisrinės saugos priemonės, kaip atsparių ugniai konstrukcijų įrengimas arba angų apsauga vandens užuolaida. Nagrinėjamas aukštuminis pastatas su balkonais, kaip eksperimentinis saugos aukštų pavyzdys, įvertinant pavojų. Tai daroma naudojant skysčių dinamikos modeliavimą ir plačiai pripažintą 2 MW galios gaisrą. Straipsnyje daromos išvados, kad pastato fasado projektiniai sprendiniai daro įtaką, ar saugos aukštai ir susijusios tokios gaisrinės saugos priemonės, kaip vandens užuolaida, gali būti nenumatomi. Jei pastate numatoma saugoti daug degiųjų medžiagų viršijant 1135 MJm–2 gaisro apkrovą, didelio ploto langų išdužimas gali veikti visuminį užsidegimą. Aptariami ir 25 MW galios gaisro scenarijaus padariniai.
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Robinson, Mouafo Teifouet Armand, and Zhenyu Wang. "The effect of the TMD on the vibration of an offshore wind turbine considering three soil-pile-interaction models." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 12 (April 16, 2021): 2652–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211008316.
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In this paper we propose the use of the power series method and the Newmark-Beta algorithm to study the mitigation by the tuned mass damper (TMD) of an offshore wind turbine(OWT). The monopile of the OWT is taken as slender beam buried in a homogeneous soil while the tower is considered as tapered slender beam. Mathematically, both monopile and tower are modeled as elastic Euler-Bernoulli beams, with a point mass at the tower top representing the rotor nacelle assembly (RNA). First of all, the power series method is utilized to calculate the first natural frequencies of AF and CS models. The obtained results are compared with the first natural frequency of DS model obtained from FEM-Abaqus with good satisfaction. Next, the obtained mode shapes are used to establish the system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) governing the dynamic of OWT subjected to a TMD. Afterwards, the Newmark-Beta algorithm is employed to solve the ODE. Accuracy of the introduced approach is verified by setting a comparison between our results with those obtained using FEM-Abaqus. Finally, the influence of several parameters on the performance of TMD is shown in some plots.
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Tkachev, Valentin. "Twilight of architecture." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 05026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124405026.
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Architecture is a subject indicator of the adaptation of any organized system to the circumstances of the environment, even if it transforms this environment itself. Adaptation to the environment was the main goal of man in the early stages of civilization. Subsequently, the roles have changed. Society is now actively attacking and changing nature, solving two main tasks - creating a comfortable living environment and ensuring its social status by means of composition and artistic expression. The decoupling of these tasks led to the ramification of the work on the environment into trivial and expositional architecture; this is especially noticeable today. In search of the expressiveness of the image, artistic and tectonic sources have already been exhausted, and architecture is now plot-immanent to itself, ignoring the usual external stimuli of creative ideas. The first violation of traditions made the freedom of form-making legitimate, opened the doors to teratogenesis (implantation of ugliness), and architecture finally turned into an object of plastic experiments that frighten the townspeople with strange structures of mysterious functional purpose. This, of course, is about an expositional architecture, the expressiveness of which sometimes reaches a state that is far from common sense, insulting the existing buildings with a super-scale and absurdity of forms. The architects played too much, not suspecting that the figurative eccentricity of their works testifies not to the triumph of a new aesthetics, but to the twilight of the general culture revealed by architecture.
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Lima, Willy, Claudine Bent-Cunningham, John McClain, Jr, Beverley Harris, Philmore McCarthy, and Heather A. Smith-Sherwood. "Becoming an Effective Leader for Life: A Book Review." EAST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 2 (April to June 2021) (April 28, 2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i02.0077.
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Successful leaders don’t rest on their laurels because leadership is not a title on a business card. Leadership is a living process and life means growth (Blanchard, 2012). The paper embodies a critical analysis of the book by Cashman (2017) which is meant to exemplify novel paradigms for Generation (z) leaders and beyond. This epic work invites leaders to become innovative and inventive in their practices and to dare to debunk the ideology of boxed leadership practiced in previous epochs. Its journey motif is reflective of the metamorphosing path that each leader must take as they seek to grow, develop and master the expectations of what it means to be an effective leader. Chapter one acts as a mirror which invites the leader to examine and acknowledge one’s own belief systems and ideologies while seeking to lead others. The thrust of chapter two challenges the leader to create stories which inspire the hearts and minds of those they lead to be spurred into action. Chapter three represents the plot in the story motif of chapter two. In chapter three, the leader must set goals, and develop a blueprint which delineates how these goals or actions will be set into motion towards a successful outcome or resolution. Chapter four illuminates the value of building and leading a team through collaboration; while chapter five propels the leader to embrace change in meeting the demands of altering world contexts. In chapter six the author implores leaders to practice a positive and healthy lifestyle which influence greater resilience and energy among those they lead. Being Mastery, in chapter seven, displays the symbiotic relationship between leadership and presence. The leader acts out the vision and mission of the organization and becomes the litmus by which the organizations’ success is gaged. Finally, in chapter eight, the author compels the cycle of growth and maturity in the leader by encouraging coaching and mentoring in order that they can become more efficient in their practice and generate efficacy in those they lead. This work is expected to guide future leaders in developing greater self- awareness in order to be equipped in rising to the challenges facing 21st century leaders in complex multicultural world.
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Hou, Hao, and Ronald C. Estoque. "Detecting Cooling Effect of Landscape Composition and Configuration: An Urban Heat Island Study on Hangzhou." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-120-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Global warming is widely regarded as one of the most critical environmental issue in the 21st century. It is known to exacerbate urban heat island effects, a phenomenon that could affect the livability of cities and the lives and comfort of more than half of the world population who are now living in urban areas. The issue on how to mitigate the impacts of this phenomenon and help urban dwellers adapt to it, has been, and continues to be, an important topic in the context of landscape design and urban planning. This study sought to examine the cooling effects of different land cover types from the perspectives of landscape composition and configuration. Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS data was employed to derive both landscape composition and land surface temperature (Figure 1). The objectives of this study are to: (1) detect the spatial pattern of LST in Hangzhou; (2) examine the cooling effect of land cover resources; and (3) understand the correlation between LST and land cover from the perspectives of composition and configuration. Its goal is to reflect on optimal landscape patterns from the perspective of mitigating UHI effects and building more comfortable and livable urban environments. Various spatial and statistical approaches, including urban-rural gradient, grid-based, landscape metrics, and scatter plot, were employed to analyze the derived land cover and land surface temperature (LST) maps. An urban-rural gradient analysis was performed to examine the difference in LST between the urban and rural areas. First, we created a multiple ring buffer zone from the city center of Hangzhou with a distance interval of 1&thinsp;km. Second, we determined the mean LST and the density of all the land cover types (LCTs) in each ring buffer zone. Finally, the results were plotted along the urban-rural gradient for analysis (Figure 2). The results showed that forest and water were the cooling land cover types in Hangzhou during daytime. The heat core in Hangzhou was situated close to the central business district and the variance in LST in urban and rural recorded at 2.94&thinsp;&deg;C. The correlation of forest density with mean LST could be detected in both large (690&thinsp;m) and small (210&thinsp;m) grids, whereas the correlation of water density with mean LST was only observed in small grids. In general, forest with high aggregation and complex shape behave best in cooling LST while huge and complete water bodies had better cooling effect than scattered water patches. Besides, the minimum cooling scale of forest and water were 150&thinsp;m and 120&thinsp;m, respectively. The findings were considered valuable for urban planners to spatially and architecturally build and arrange the cooling land cover resources, eventually to fulfill the Chinese government’s new plan of building “livable cities”.</p>
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Iffland, Ronja, Kristian Förster, Daniel Westerholt, María Herminia Pesci, and Gilbert Lösken. "Robust Vegetation Parameterization for Green Roofs in the EPA Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010012.
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In increasingly expanding cities, roofs are still largely unused areas to counteract the negative impacts of urbanization on the water balance and to reduce flooding. To estimate the effect of green roofs as a sustainable low impact development (LID) technique on the building scale, different approaches to predict the runoff are carried out. In hydrological modelling, representing vegetation feedback on evapotranspiration (ET) is still considered challenging. In this research article, the focus is on improving the representation of the coupled soil–vegetation system of green roofs. Relevant data to calibrate and validate model representations were obtained from an existing field campaign comprising several green roof test plots with different characteristics. A coupled model, utilizing both the Penman–Monteith equation to estimate ET and the software EPA stormwater management model (SWMM) to calculate the runoff, was set up. Through the application of an automatic calibration procedure, we demonstrate that this coupled modelling approach (Kling–Gupta efficiency KGE = 0.88) outperforms the standard ET representation in EPA SWMM (KGE = −0.35), whilst providing a consistent and robust parameter set across all green roof configurations. Moreover, through a global sensitivity analysis, the impact of changes in model parameters was quantified in order to aid modelers in simplifying their parameterization of EPA SWMM. Finally, an improved model using the Penman–Monteith equation and various recommendations are presented.
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George, Justin, and Adesoji Adelaja. "Forced Displacement and Agriculture: Implications for Host Communities." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 5728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105728.
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The disruptive effects of conflict and climate-related shocks and their tendencies to cause human population displacements are well documented in the literature. Given the growing number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) worldwide and the resulting population and service demand overload in host communities, it is important to understand the socioeconomic impacts. Because many host communities in developing countries are agriculture dependent, we investigate what happens to key agricultural sector outcomes in host communities when there is an influx of IDPs. For displacements caused by insurgency, communal clashes, and natural disasters, we estimate the impacts on agricultural outputs, employment, wages, and land use. We find that forced displacements generally result in reduced agricultural production due to lower land and labor productivity. Specifically, while the effect of insurgency-driven IDP influx is negative, it is positive for communal violence. Cassava, potatoes, and soya are particularly hard hit. Additionally, while insurgency-driven population influx reduces the agricultural wages of both males and females, it increases the reliance on male and female household labor but has no effect on hired labor. Finally, while insurgency-driven IDP influx does not affect land use and land market activities, it lowers the expected value of land and the number of farm plots harvested. We highlight the opportunity to leverage humanitarian assistance in building local agricultural capacity in host communities.
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Alder, Jonathan K., and Daniel J. Kass. "Another building in the IPF Manhattan plot skyline." Lancet Respiratory Medicine 5, no. 11 (November 2017): 837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30394-6.
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HU, YUDA, and JING LI. "NONLINEAR MAGNETOELASTIC VIBRATION EQUATIONS AND RESONANCE ANALYSIS OF A CURRENT-CONDUCTING THIN PLATE." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 08, no. 04 (December 2008): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455408002855.
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Based on the Maxwell equations, the electromagnetic constitutive relations and boundary condition, the electrodynamic equation and the electromagnetic force expressions in an electromagnetic field are derived. Using the principle of virtual work, the basic set of equations for nonlinear electromagnetic elasticity vibration expressed by the displacement of a thin plate in a longitudinal and a transverse magnetic field is obtained, respectively. In addition, we study the nonlinear principal resonance and the solution stability of a thin plate with two opposite sides simply supported and subjected to a mechanical live load and in a constant transverse magnetic field. By the method of multiple scales, the amplitude frequency response equation and the approximate analytic solution in steady motion are also derived. According to the characteristic of singularity and the Lyapunov stability theory, the stability of the solution is analyzed and the critical condition of stability is determined. Finally, by means of numerical calculations, the amplitude frequency response curves, time history response plots and phase charts of the magnetoelasticity vibration are obtained.
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Zeyu, Liu, Yu Rui, and Zhang Chenggong. "Research on the Influence of Music." Studies in Social Science Research 2, no. 3 (August 18, 2021): p61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v2n3p61.
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As for question 1, based on the directed relationship between influencers and followers, we building a network of musicians based on influential relationships. A Music Influence Evaluation Model (MIEM) was also established, and the model formula is shown in the text. We then select the top 200 artists in the “music influence” ranking to build a subnet. The larger the subnet node, the more lines are extended. Indicating that the node represents the musician’s influence is large and extensive. From the graph, we can see that Bob Dylan is influential, but the breadth of influence is not enough; Miles Davis influenced a wide range of music factions.As for question 2?We have developed a Music Similarity Evaluation Model (MSEM) to calculate the contribution parameters of fifteen different music metrics. Using fully connected neural networks combined with triple loss to solve the answer. According to the characteristics of Triple Loss, we can make the similar nodes in the space closer together and the dissimilar nodes further apart. After training, our neural network is able to distinguish artists very well. The results were obtained: artists within genres are far more similar than artists between genres, and a classification image of musicians from different genres was produced.As for question 3, a comparative plot of characteristics revealed that music genres also have their own particular musical characteristics. The comprehensive analysis concludes that the difference between genres is mainly reflected by the six features of valence, tempo, mode, key, acousticness, and instrumentalness, and this result is verified by k-means clustering. By plotting the percentage of influence as well as the change of musical characteristics, it was concluded that the influence of genres changes over time; some musical characteristics in genres also change over time. Finally, the similarity between each faction is calculated and plotted as a heat map, and the genres with high similarity must have interrelated relationships with each other.As for question 4, we have developed a Music Influence T-test Model (MITM). We hypothesized that “influencers” would not influence followers to create music, and a t-test using SPSS rejected the original hypothesis and concluded that “influencers” would influence followers to create music. Additionally, Contagious Evaluation Model(CEM) was also be created. We established the “contagious” index and calculated the Pearson correlation coefficients between “contagious” and 15 musical characteristics, and obtained the results: energy, loudness, and acousticness are more “contagious” than other characteristics. Results: energy, loudness and acousticness are more “contagious” than other features.As for question 5, a time series plot of the variation for each musical characteristic with year was plotted and the analysis yielded the following conclusion: There are characteristics that signify revolutions in musical evolution from these data. For example, the music after 1960s showed changes characterized by higher rhythmicity, faster tempo, and fewer spoken words. Based on these musical evolutionary changes, combined with the “musical influence” we calculated earlier, we select five musical change-makers: The Beatles, Bob Dylan, The Rolling Stones, Miles Davis and Jimi Hendrix.As for question 6, we combined musical influences to identify the most influential musicians in each genre in each era as dynamic influencers to represent the music of the genre in that period. Creating images of their musical characteristics over time and analyzing them in relation to the history of musical development led to the conclusion that an artist’s musical identity changes with technology, social development, and changes in genre representation?As for question 7, a Network Connectivity Evaluation Model(NCEM) was developed to measure which artists in the music network were heavily influenced by external factors during the time period. The first and middle of the 20th century were found to be highly connected online, and this period coincided with a period of social upheaval, with the Cold War, World War II, the Industrial Revolution, and the rapid development of the Internet having a great impact on music, from which many new musical styles were born.
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Paramita, Beta, Hiroatsu Fukuda, Rendy Perdana Khidmat, and Andreas Matzarakis. "Building Configuration of Low-Cost Apartments in Bandung—Its Contribution to the Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort." Buildings 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8090123.
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This paper aims to find the microclimate aspect within the building form and configuration of five low-cost apartments (henceforth rusun) in Bandung, Indonesia. There are parallel, square, and interspersed plots investigated with specific discussion on the microclimate aspects that gain human perception of outdoor thermal comfort. The microclimate prognostic model, i.e., ENVI-met, was used to determine the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), which was then used to describe the living quality of outdoor thermal comfort, i.e., PET (physiologically equivalent temperature) in a hot-humid climate context. A parallel plot with building orientation toward north-south was found as the most beneficial building form and configuration. Somehow, the parallel plot toward the west-east orientation did not provide similar performance. Nevertheless, the square plot provided uncomfortable perception as there was an absence of building shade within the wide open space and ground cover to absorb the insolation. The interspersed plot can be considered for the building configuration because it generates more wind among other plots. The building form and configuration of rusun with passive design seems to not be able to achieve outdoor thermal comfort. The highest PET value of Model D with the square plot had PET = 41 °C (hot) while the lowest PET in Model A with the parallel plot (N-S) had PET = 34.2 °C (slightly warm).
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Shariyat, M., and R. Mohammadjani. "Three-Dimensional Dynamic Stress and Vibration Analyses of Thick Singular-Kernel Fractional-Order Viscoelastic Annular Rotating Discs Under Nonuniform Loads." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 01 (November 1, 2019): 2050007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420500078.
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In this paper, the dynamic stress and radial/lateral vibration of circular/annular discs made of fractional-order viscoelastic materials under nonuniform mechanical loads are investigated for the first time, utilizing the exact 3D theory of elasticity, rather than the plate theories. The governing equations of motion of the disc are derived based on the Kelvin–Voigt fractional viscoelastic model. To solve these equations, the spatial partial and the time ordinary derivatives are replaced by adequate central, backward or forward finite difference expressions. Then the resulting Caputo-type time-dependent system of the coupled integro-differential governing equations of the fractional-order is solved by a novel numerical procedure. Namely, a time-marching procedure is employed to extract the time histories of the responses, in the space-time domain for various time and spatial distributions. Finally, comprehensive sensitivity analyses and various 3D plots are presented and discussed. In this regard, effects of the fractional-order of the constitutive law, viscoelastic parameters, material rigidity, distribution and time variation patterns of the nonuniform distributed transverse loads, and boundary conditions on the distributions of the displacement and stress components are investigated.
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Makris, Dimitrios, and Maria Moira. "Augmented Entanglement of Narrative Chronotopes and Urban Territories." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i20.335.
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The complex conditions of urban places render it difficult to identify and perceive their multivariate aesthetic characters. The question examined herein is in which ways digital media like Augmented Reality (AR) can facilitate a more comprehensive aesthetic appreciation of a place by individuals, enhance their overall experience and allow them to recognize the aesthetic distinctiveness of places that may be phenomenologically dense with aesthetics, memory, meaning, legibility. The framework proposed is founded on the inherent power of novels as chronotopes of potential dialogical experiences and on four characteristic strategies of AR.Narrative chronotope singularities are fundamental sources for understanding the collective, cultural, historical, social and spatial practices, leading to an understanding of urban environments. So the first step is to extract narrative chronotope analysis content from a novel’s urban substance (buildings, roads, squares), characters, plot and sequence of events. The second step involves a three-dimensional re-creation of urban heritage components. Finally, the AR media is interwoven with the novels based on four strategies: reinforcement of aspects of real-world urban places by digitally overlaying the novel’s setting; recontextualization to achieve the semantic transformation of places as the novel’s significance and meanings are revealed; remembrance by facilitating the emergence of diverse identities and memories; and re-embodiment through achieving a deeper understanding and re-interconnectedness with the aesthetic aspects of urban places.Augmented narrative descriptions restore harmony between body-mind-environment and fiction while ensuring that different times, places and psychological situations coincide. The proposed novel-based digitally-mediated interaction could provide a shift that leads to the embodiment, enhancement and re-conceptualization of the diverse aesthetic dimensions of constructs such as ‘heritage monuments’, ‘local community’, ‘public place’, etc.Article received: April 2, 2019; Article accepted: July 6, 2019; Published online: October 15, 2019; Review articleHow to cite this article: Makris, Dimitris and Maria Moira. "Augmented Entanglement of Narrative Chronotopes and Urban Territories." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 20 (2019): 87-96. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i20.335
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Tikkanen, Karin W. "On the Building of a Narrative." Mnemosyne 70, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 958–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342173.
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AbstractThe ver sacrum ritual remains a riddle in the early history of the Apennine peninsula. Several ancient Roman as well as Greek sources use the ritual in explaining Samnite movements across the peninsula, as ritual group expulsion of settlers sent out to colonize new lands. In short, this becomes the narrative ‘plot’ of archaic colonization.The ritual is however described very differently in the different sources, with regard to detail and to the plot elements involved in the tale. This article explores the various layers in the rendering of the ritual, and the different voices that take part in forming the ver sacrum narrative. With this perspective the ver sacrum becomes an expanded testimony of a tradition, used by different authors to stress various elements of their own historical reports.
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Shepherd, Dean A., and Roy Suddaby. "Theory Building." Journal of Management 43, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206316647102.
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Building theories is important for advancing knowledge of management. But it is also a highly challenging task. Although there is a burgeoning literature that offers many theorizing tools, we lack a coherent understanding of how these tools fit together—when to use a particular tool and which combination of tools can be used in the theorizing process. In this article, we organize a systematic review of the literature on theory building in management around the five key elements of a good story: conflict, character, setting, sequence, and plot and arc. In doing so, we hope to provide a richer understanding of how specific theorizing tools facilitate aspects of the theorizing process and offer a clearer big picture of the process of building important theories. We also offer pragmatic empirical theorizing as an approach that uses quantitative empirical findings to stimulate theorizing.
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BEVZENKO, R. S. "LEGAL UNITY OF A LAND PLOT AND BUILDING ON IT." Civil Law Review 20, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 60–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/1992-2043-2020-20-2-60-123.
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Nayak, D. K., and P. R. Dash. "Parametric Stability Analysis of a Spring Attached, Pre-Twisted, Rotating Sandwich Beam with Tip Mass and Viscoelastic Support." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 21, no. 10 (June 23, 2021): 2150143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421501431.
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This paper inspects the influence of a spring attachment provided on the top elastic layer on the stability of a pre-twisted, rotating sandwich beam having viscoelastic supports at the root under the impact of a periodically varying axial load. The spring is deployed on the beam to achieve more strength to weight ratio without compromising the stability. The beam is exponentially tapered, and a tip mass is at the free end to represent the rotating members in various types of machinery as closely as possible. The ruling equations and inter-related boundary conditions are attained by applying Hamilton’s principle. To obtain the solution, a matrix equation was developed through the assumed-mode variational method. The resulting matrix equation was converted to a coupled Hill’s equation of parametric vibration through the modal matrix corresponding to the free vibration problem. Finally, static and dynamic stability graphs were obtained for several system parameters such as position and length of the attached spring on the top elastic layer, the mass of the spring attachment, stiffness of the spring attachment, angle of pre-twist, tip mass, taper parameter, temperature gradient parameter, setting angle, viscoelastic spring stiffness, etc. to analyze their impact on the system’s stability. Saito and Otomi conditions were used to obtain dynamic stability plots. Greater stability is achieved due to the spring attachment on the top of the top elastic layer.
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Alex Tullo. "Petrochemical building spree may finally slow." C&EN Global Enterprise 99, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09902-cover5.
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Prakasam, Geetha Rani. "Does financing universal elementary education reduce interstate disparity?" International Journal of Development Issues 14, no. 1 (April 7, 2015): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-07-2014-0054.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine resource allocation under the centrally sponsored scheme Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and its impact on development of elementary education in India. First, the author describes the current educational disparity across states in terms of state funding. Second, the author shows that interstate disparities in education resources have more to do with capacity of states to finance elementary education. For this, the author examines funding mechanism under SSA, focusing on principles of adequacy and absorptive rates. Third, the author analyzes the impact of additional funding on the progress of elementary education across states. Fourth, the author demonstrates how funding under SSA reinforces rather than reduces interstate disparity in school funding. Finally, the author concludes with certain policy implications for reforming federal transfers in Right to Education (RTE)-SSA, which can easily be extended to Rashtria Madhya Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) to be more responsive to educational inadequacy, effort and capacity across states. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses box plots for illustrating interstate disparity across various indicators on financing and growth of elementary education. Box plots are good at portraying extreme values and illustrate differences between distributions. Because the thrust of the paper is examining difference in distribution across and within states, box plots appropriately portray the distribution of both. Further, coefficient of variation is estimated in education funding and its impact variables. Findings – Interstate disparity in additional to the funding of SSA through discretionary transfers is examined by looking at two principles of inter-governmental transfers, viz., adequacy and absorptive rates. In a way, it appears that the educationally backward states getting the highest shares and also as per the requirement of the child population, but not necessarily so in terms of their relative proportions of enrolment, schools and teachers. Yet another revelation is that actual absorptive rates are much less than apparent absorptive rates. Unambiguously, additional resources coming from the Center for Development of Education can have a positive influence only after states have achieved a certain threshold level of absorptive capacities. As evidenced, fiscal disability is not compensated by transfers via SSA, as matching shares are uniform across states. Research limitations/implications – One significant limitations of the study is its use of administrative data. Often, administrative data from developing countries especially on social sector like education report inflated figures. The study uses primarily such but published secondary data sources. Practical implications – Finally, the author suggests certain policy implications for reforming federal role in the current RTE-SSA, which can easily be extended to RMSA, a CSS in secondary education, to be more responsive to state effort and capacity. Social implications – Though SSA attempts to address regional imbalance, the accumulated initial advantage of better-off states with uniform norms under SSA funding widens the interstate disparity rather than reduce it. It is, hence, mandated to look at building capacities and enable states for a level-playing field. Originality/value – It adds value to existing studies in two ways: rarely studies examine SSA expenditures and its impact on development and financing of elementary education, and examine a question on horizontal equalization mechanism whether additional allocation under SSA induce or reduce interstate disparity.
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Gordon, Leo I. "Lymphoma 101: The Plot Thickens." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 18, no. 12.5 (December 20, 2020): 1742–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.5031.
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Staging in lymphoma has changed significantly over time, from the Ann Arbor criteria (1971) to the Cotswolds criteria (1989) to the Lugano Classification (2011). The evolution of imaging technology has played a major role in these changes, and PET/CT is now standard for certain lymphomas, whereas chest radiographs are no longer routine. More recently, response criteria have been refined to account for possible flare reactions of immunomodulatory therapy with a provisional term called “indeterminate response.” The latest RECIL criteria use single-dimension measurements to assess response to therapy in patients with lymphoma. Finally, clinical data can be represented graphically in many ways, including the Kaplan-Meir plot, forest plot, waterfall plot, and swimmers plot. Each representation has its own strengths and limitations.
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Hasan, Hussain S. "Building a New Software of Electromagnetic Lenses (CADTEL)." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 9 (September 2013): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.9.46.
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The Computer Aided designing Tools for Electromagnetic Lenses (CADTEL) is a new software as application package of programs concept to aid both users and professionals in symmetric and asymmetric electromagnetic lenses with single, double, and multipole piece in electron microscope of electron optics field. The CADTEL software has been designed to run on several computer platforms and includes two types of design procedure. The first one named, analysis procedure (which is based on trial and error) where consist of three sorts called; H1 programs for magnetic scalar potential by solving Laplace's equation [1,2], H2 and H3 programs for magnetic vector potential by solving Poisson's equation [3,4] in linear and non linear media respectively. While the second part, named H4 programs for the synthesis procedure (inverse design). The previous types differ by the obtaining the magnetic flux density, and poles shape, while it is analog by compute and plot the lens properties which are operating at zero, low, high, and infinite magnification conditions (operation modes). CADTEL software consist of computational and plot steps of magnetic field, equipotential surfaces, flux lines, objective and projector properties, and poles shape for proposed lens design which are appear in auto visual interfaces, that are coded in visual basic language [5].
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Ke, Ji. "Green Building Materials in the Building of Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 4197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4197.
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This article discusses the connotation of green building materials and basic characteristics, and analyzes the difference between green building materials and green products. Summarize the selection of green building materials, and to judge the development trend of green building materials in China. Finally, the author gives some countermeasures and suggestions on the healthy development of China's green building materials industry.
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Keating, Kevin S., Elisabeth L. Humphris, and Anna Marie Pyle. "A new way to see RNA." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 44, no. 4 (May 18, 2011): 433–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583511000059.
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AbstractUnlike proteins, the RNA backbone has numerous degrees of freedom (eight, if one counts the sugar pucker), making RNA modeling, structure building and prediction a multidimensional problem of exceptionally high complexity. And yet RNA tertiary structures are not infinite in their structural morphology; rather, they are built from a limited set of discrete units. In order to reduce the dimensionality of the RNA backbone in a physically reasonable way, a shorthand notation was created that reduced the RNA backbone torsion angles to two (η and θ, analogous to φ and ψ in proteins). When these torsion angles are calculated for nucleotides in a crystallographic database and plotted against one another, one obtains a plot analogous to a Ramachandran plot (the η/θ plot), with highly populated and unpopulated regions. Nucleotides that occupy proximal positions on the plot have identical structures and are found in the same units of tertiary structure. In this review, we describe the statistical validation of the η/θ formalism and the exploration of features within the η/θ plot. We also describe the application of the η/θ formalism in RNA motif discovery, structural comparison, RNA structure building and tertiary structure prediction. More than a tool, however, the η/θ formalism has provided new insights into RNA structure itself, revealing its fundamental components and the factors underlying RNA architectural form.
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Li, Jian. "Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Analysis of more Traditional CAD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 3171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.3171.
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Building Information Modeling (Building Information Modeling) is the relevant information and data as the basis for building projects model, building model be established to simulate the real information through the building of digital information. It has five characteristics of visualization, coordination, simulation, optimize and can plot and so on. As the construction industry in a brand-new concepts and technologies, BIM has been increasingly used in various construction projects in the country. Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides a platform to complete the continuity and consistency of all information within the whole life cycle of buildings.
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Dzikriya, Uliya. "Analysis of Actantial Model in Suzanne Collins’ "The Hunger Games"." Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v8i2.34207.
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This study aims to analyze plot structure in Collins’ The Hunger Games. There are several questions that researcher wants to find, what the elements of plot are, how do the elements of plot compose the plot structure of the story, and what kind of plot is applied in the novel. This study is a qualitative analysis by applying A.J. Greimas approach. The data were collected by reading, identifying, interpreting and analyzed using the approach and theories which used in this study by using actants. The result of this study were the elements of plot consist of beginning, problem of the story, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. To find out the main plot structure, this study classifies the function of each character into six actants, they are sender, receiver, subject, object, helper and opponent. Finally, the researcher concluded what kind of plot and how the ending of the novel is. The plot of the novel is dramatic or cronological plot because the story through in chronological order. In addition, the novel is closed plot because the problem of the story is solved.
Keywords: Actant, Greimas, Plot, Sructuralism
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Kulikova, Y. A. "IMPLEMENTATION OF RIGHTS IN RELATION TO AIR SPACE." Vestnik of Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, no. 1-2 (October 20, 2020): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/2618-9526-2020-1-2-10.
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Concepción, Eugenio, Pablo Gervás, and Gonzalo Méndez. "Exploring Baselines for Combining Full Plots into Multiple-plot Stories." New Generation Computing 38, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 593–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00354-020-00115-x.
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AbstractMany of the stories at the core of narrative entertainment involve a number of plot lines that combine to give them interest. The present paper sets out to solve the problem of how several different plot lines, each one of them complete in its own sense, can be combined into a single linear sequence that works reasonably well as a plot. Starting from a brief review of how existing storytelling systems address the task, a representation for plots and plot templates is proposed that allows the combination of several subplots into a single-plot line. Four strategies for weaving plots are proposed, two taken from literary studies and two computational baselines, and a formative evaluation of a set of stories produced by these solutions is presented. Finally, open issues, promising avenues of future work and the relation to previous work, are discussed.
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Sarr, Celine, Shweta Urva, Jerry Nedelman, William Sallas, Viktoriya Stalbovskaya, Prashanth Gopalakrishna, Dany Habr, and Renaud Capdeville. "Mathematical Modeling of Patient-Level Hemoglobin Delineates Ruxolitinib’s Complex Mechanism of Action and Quantifies Anemia Risk." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3228.3228.
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Abstract Introduction: Ruxolitinib is a JAK 1/2 inhibitor approved in patients with myelofibrosis (MF). The safety profile is well characterized with anemia being a common adverse event. The aim of this mathematical modeling analysis is to characterize individual hemoglobin (Hb) dynamics during ruxolitinib treatment, and to establish a dose-response relationship between treatment and occurrence of an anemic event as defined by an on-treatment reduction in Hb to < 8g/dL. Methods: Hb values from MF patients collected during first 24 weeks of treatment in 2 trials (INCB 18424-251 & COMFORT-I) were used to build a mathematical dose-Hb model while data from a third trial (COMFORT-II) was used to independently validate this model. These trials have previously characterized that mean Hg reached a nadir 8 to 16 weeks from start of treatment, then stabilized or improved (Verstovsek et al., 2010 and 2012; NEJM. Harrison et al, 2012; NEJM). Observed data were fitted via a non-linear-mixed-effect model (NONMEM VII) to characterize individual trends and inter-patient variability in the dynamics of Hb versus time and daily dose. A mechanistic model was used assuming stable Hb and 5 hypothetical compartments representing the life span of reticulocytes and red blood cells, the main carriers of Hb. Blood transfusions were modeled as bolus of Hb with a different elimination rate than Hb synthetized by patients with myelofibrosis. In order to quantify the probabilities of observing at least one anemia event (Hb < 8g/dL) for different starting doses, Hb levels were predicted from the final model based on dose levels from 10 to 25 mg bid for 24 weeks assuming no dose changes and no transfusions. Results: Data from 421 patients including 4849 Hb values during the first 24 weeks of treatment were used to build the model and 1254 Hb values from 146 patients to validate it. The final model characterized Hb dynamics and established a dose-response relationship between ruxolitinib and on-treatment Hb concentrations. The model predicts a 19% higher probability of observing at least one anemia event for 25 mg bid compared to 10 mg bid during the first 24 weeks of ruxolitinib assuming no dose changes and no transfusions. Model building was guided by an observed transient improvement in the Hb values during the first 4 weeks of ruxolitinib treatment (A), followed by a drop in Hb (nadir) during the next 3-4 weeks (B) and then a gradual trend upwards (C) in the observed Hb concentrations towards baseline values over the next few months of continued treatment (Figure 1). An initial model included the JAK 1/2 inhibitor effect on Hb precursor synthesis rate (k-in). It captured the data well overall, but low Hb values at nadir (B) were overestimated. A natural negative feedback loop between circulating Hb and kin helped overcome the bias. Additional effects of ruxolitinib on ‘k-in’ and the Hb elimination rate, ‘k-out’, that accounted for the early (A) and late (C) increases in Hb also improved fitting of the nadir (B). Finally only the final model with a complex mechanism of action involving both positive and negative effects on Hb dynamics was adequate to fit the data. 1000 simulated replicas of the independent validation data from the COMFORT-II trial were used to derive individual Hb profiles versus time and compute the proportion of patients with at least one anemia event (< 8 g/dL). Consistency of the simulated 95% CI with the observed proportion from COMFORT-II confirmed predictability of the final model. Conclusions: The model provided a mechanistic capture of Hg changes and a return toward baseline Hg from the earlier nadir. Through this experimental model, we were able to establish a dose-response relationship which facilitates prediction of on-treatment Hb concentrations over time. Further investigations using prospective models alongside correlations with other treatment effects may be warranted to enable adapting this work into treatment management decisions while recognizing the transient nature of anemia events. Fittings are shown in solid lines: Blue line- fitting with Hg decrease component only (B), Green line- Fitting with Hg decrease (B) + return to baseline (C), Red line- Final model fitting capturing all 3 characteristics (A+B+C). Figure 1: Plot of observed dosing history (mg, gray bars), transfusions (g/L, red spikes), and Hb (g/L, dots) over time (day) illustrating the three characteristics of data (A, B and C) in 4 patients. Figure 1:. Plot of observed dosing history (mg, gray bars), transfusions (g/L, red spikes), and Hb (g/L, dots) over time (day) illustrating the three characteristics of data (A, B and C) in 4 patients. Disclosures Sarr: Novartis: Employment. Urva:Novartis: Employment. Nedelman:Novartis: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sallas:Novartis: Employment, Equity Ownership. Stalbovskaya:Novartis: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gopalakrishna:Novartis: Employment. Habr:Novartis: Employment. Capdeville:Novartis: Employment.
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Chang, Hsiao Tung. "Modeling Urban Eco-Environment Control through Zoning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.975.
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This article proposes a simulate-based model that explains urban eco-environment change through zoning control tools. It readjusts some items of zoning control, such as building coverage ratio, green plot ratio, and water areas ratio, then simulates its effect for local climate indicator, hydrology indicator, carbon storage and sequestration, biodiversity indicator etc. The results showed that the greatest influence on ecological performance was increasing green plot ratios, and it also has a multiple effect when particularly use cumulative methods.