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1
Papanikolaou, Dimitrios M. S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The market economy of trips." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69806.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62).<br>Mobility on Demand (MOD) systems allow users to pick-up and drop-off vehicles (bikes, automobiles) ubiquitously in a network of parking stations. Asymmetric demand patterns cause unbalanced fleet allocation decreasing level of service. Current redistribution policies are complex to plan and typically cost more that the usage revenues of the system. The Market Economy of Trips (MET) explores a new operation model based on a double auction market where cost-minimizing users are both buyers and sellers of trip rights while profit-maximizing stations are competing auctioneers that trade them. Trip rights are priced relatively to the inventory needs of origin and destination stations. A theory, a game, and a model are presented to explore equilibrium and limits of efficiency of MET under different demand patterns and income distribution.<br>by Dimitris Papanikolaou.<br>S.M.
2
Kim, Jundong. "The underground economy, political regimes, and economic growth : international evidence /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025630.
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Pang, Chung-kit, and 彭仲傑. "Financial market and Hong Kong economy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265066.
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Ishihara, Kyoichi, and 享一 石原. "China's Conversion to a Market Economy." Thesis, Institute of Developing Economies, 1995. https://doi.org/10.11501/3104615.
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Choung, Jinhee Lee. "The political economy of labor market liberalization." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3378520.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 22, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-170).
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Hallahan, Carolyn. "Inclusive further education in a market economy." Thesis, University of East London, 1998. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/681/.
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This research evaluates the process of providing an inclusive education in a market culture. It investigates the experiences of eight young people with learning difficulties and disabilities who are students in a further education college. As it applies a focus to one specific case study example, in order to generalise from the literature and two other sample colleges, it represents ethnographic methodology. This is appropriate for the purposes of the study, which are to explore the implications of such processes, within an institutional and organisational structure which is subject to significant changes and restraints. The period under examination is one in which provision for this group of learners is influenced by a multiplicity of factors, not always evident on surface examination. Consequently, a focused ethnographic case study allows for a level of detailed analysis which can illuminate the effects of organisational changes upon individual development. The context in which the case study is set includes the plethora of Further Education Funding Council documentation during the 1990s, the critiques offered by academics of a narrowly competence-based and outcomes-related system, and the implications for students with special educational needs in further education colleges of the recent Dearing Report (1996) and soon to be published Tomlinson Report (1996). The case study provides an illustration of issues raised in recent literature and is set within the broader framework of recent initiatives. Through the use of detailed evaluation of a sample of students progressing through the assessment process in one college, recommendations and reflections contribute original evidence of the influence of legislation on current practice. Using the model of further education, tensions between an inclusive ideology and the demands of a market economy are evaluated and the case-study evidence has application beyond this sector to other areas of educational developments.
7
Nissinen, Marja. "Latvia's transition to a market economy : political determinants of economic reform policy /." London : New York : Macmillan press ; St. Martin's press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370781182.
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Håkansson, Modin Martin, and Gustaf Olofsson. "The International Market Selection Process of Multinational Enterprises Expanding to Transition Economy Markets." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138043.
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The International Market Selection (IMS)process, where firms choose which new market(s) to expand to, is highly important as choosing the right market is paramount to the internationalizing firm’s success. There are benefits in understanding how firms evaluate and select new markets, both for firms with less international experience looking for guidance in their IMS process, as well as for external stakeholders with an interest in attracting companies to a certain market. Despite its importance, there is a lack of empirical research within the field of IMS research, in particular which selection criteria firms take into account in their decisions, thus becoming the focus of this paper –delimited to multinational enterprises in transition economies. The IMS process has been suggested to either follow a systematic approach, where the process is formalized and objective, or an unsystematic approach which allows for subjectivity to influence the decision. However, it is argued that elements from both approaches will be included in the IMS process for any given firm. As such, this study aims to explore how elements of respectively the systematic and unsystematic approach to IMS act as selection criteria in multinational enterprises’ choice of transition economy market. In order to circumvent the IMS research gap, literature on Foreign Direct Investment location theory, where the market itself is the unit of analysis rather than the firm, was instead studied in order to hypothesize which formal criteria impact the market decision. This was complemented with articles on the topic of psychic distance and firm network to cover the unsystematic approach to IMS. To test these hypotheses, multinational enterprises active in the region of focus were interviewed to collect primary data. The findings of this study provide strong support that firms move toward an increasingly formalized, systematic approach to IMS as their international experience increases. However, even larger firms with more formal processes do at times diverge from the sein order to make use of opportunities stemming from their network. In regards to the formal process, it is found that firms mostly focus on the pure economic aspects of the transition economy markets, rather than evaluating institutional factors closely. These institutional aspects instead appear to act as hygiene factors, required to reach some minimum level for international firms to consider the market in the first place. However, the institutional and economic aspects are believed to be interrelated. As such, when considering one, the other is also implicitly evaluated. Which specific elements that are evaluated in the IMS process is found to depend on several variables. First, the motive of the firm is one of the main determinants, with market-seeking firms looking at the market potential and competitive situation on the market, whereas resource-seeking firms instead are interested in the best trade-off between availability and cost of the resource in question. Secondly, whether or not the firm has a strong focus on import and/or export for its business, relevant for firms of both motives, also impact which criteria are evaluated more closely in the process. Lastly, additional, industry-specific elements may be added to the evaluation process to account for the specific circumstances of said industry. Mapping out these industry-specific factors is a suggested topic for further research, as is exploring what constitutes the minimum levels required by the firms with regards to institutional factors.
9
Heckmann, Ralf. "Delivering sustainability : development control in a market economy." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21669.
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The concept of Sustainability relates to the continuity of environmental, social, and economic aspects of humanity, and to the protection of the biodiversity and ecology of the natural environment. It was born out of a growing realisation that the scope of humanity's adverse impact onto our planet was greater than its regenerative capacity, and that current levels of development could not be sustained without significantly affecting the development of future generations. In urban areas, the environmental, economic and social dimensions meet most strongly. As cities are the driver of a nation's economy, economic considerations have in the past been given priority over environmental and social aspects. Cities are therefore the focus point of any sustainability strategy. With the adoption of Agenda 21, national and local governments committed themselves to develop a framework which includes the strategic implementation of economic, social and environmental measures in order to achieve full economic potential, social justice, equality of opportunity and environmental protection. Fifteen years after the adoption of the Agenda 21 programme, the results are not consistent. Whilst some environmental aspects have been addressed, the social and economic aspects of the programme have been largely ignored. The private sector has so far portrayed an unwillingness to develop towards the goals set out in local regeneration strategies. The aim of the research is to create an understanding of the economic forces against which regeneration strategies have to be created. It also aims at creating an understanding of the priorities of sustainable development in a political context, as this can be far removed from the utopian view of sustainability. Furthermore, the research provides a discussion of the legislative context in which the conflict between the private and public sector interest unfolds, and provides examples of local strategies and recent developments.
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Azhar, Sarwar Mehmood. "Strategies, market orientation and capabilities : business performance perspectives from Pakistan, a developing market economy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13271/.
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The aim of this thesis is to study, in the context of a developing market economy, the relationship of Marketing Orientation, Strategic Orientation as well as marketing capabilities with business performance, individually as well as simultaneously and compare these with the proposed relationships suggested in the developed markets of the western world. The findings suggest that there is a strong relationship between these independent variables with performance but these are not always positive and in some cases not even significant. This in many areas contradicts the proposed positive influence of the above mentioned variables on business performance that is normally taken for granted in developed markets. This result is, however, in line with the results of a few studies carried out in the developing market context. For example a study by Usha and Haley (2006), notify that successful managers in their study argue that best practices developed for information-rich Western markets were not effective in information-void emerging markets. Further, the thesis in response to developing better understanding of the role of Market Orientation in the affairs of the firm especially in a developing market economy, sought to test its influence on strategic orientation and marketing capabilities. The study found a strong relationship in the hypothesised direction though there is also evidence of reciprocal causality. The strong influence of Market Orientation on strategic orientation that a firm adopts is in line with the results of a few studies noticeably studies by Morgan and Strong (1997) as well as by Hoon and Lee (2005). The thesis has in a small way tried to broaden the knowledge base in the areas of strategy and marketing by bringing insights from a developing country perspective, which is currently lacking in the literature. It is hoped that the implications of the research will have significant value for both academics and practitioners in the field of marketing and strategy especially in these developing countries. The thesis, finally proposes that this study is one step in many, needed to develop a mid range theory, and it is hoped that this will become a building block in the overall framework, which would make such studies more rigorous, both theoretically and methodologically in the future.
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Gemper, Bodo B. Erhard Ludwig. "A socially responsible free market economy Ludwig Erhard's model /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09262005-153615.
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Nikolov, Gueorgui Kirilov. "Agricultural market information services in an economy in transition." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298851.
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Bruegemann, Bjoren Axel 1974. "Essays on the political economy of labor market regulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28364.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-126).<br>The stringency of employment protection regulations varies substantially across countries. This thesis studies three mechanisms that can help explain the extent and persistence of this variation. The first chapter explores the ability of employment protection to generate its own political support. Using a version of the Mortensen-Pissarides model, I show that the presence or absence of this ability depends crucially on the features of wage determination. Under the standard assumption of continuous time Nash bargaining, workers value employment protection because it strengthens their hand in bargaining. Workers in high productivity matches benefit most. Yet employment protection shifts the distribution of match-specific productivity toward lower values and thus away from the supporters of regulation. Bilaterally inefficient separations are a feature of wage setting that can partially reverse this negative result. Now workers value employment protection because it delays involuntary dismissals. Workers in low productivity matches gain most since they face the highest risk of layoff. The shift of the productivity distribution toward lower values then becomes a shift toward supporters of employment protection. The second chapter puts forward a simple Ricardian argument suggesting that trade integration can sustain diversity in employment protection regulations. Trade integration enables a rigid country to specialize in activities less dependent on flexibility, mitigating the cost of rigidity. Conversely, it makes a flexible country less willing to become rigid, since doing so means forgoing the gains from trade induced by diverse regulation.<br>(cont.) This argument is evaluated in a dynamic model of labor turnover and employment protection. The third chapter presents an argument according to which employment protection is a policy that is difficult to introduce. If a country decides to introduce employment protection, it is reasonable to assume that firms can adjust employment levels before protection is actually implemented. Firms then have an incentive to dismiss some workers today in order to avoid high employment protection in the future. Anticipating this, these workers may oppose the introduction of employment protection. Delayed implementation can give rise to situations in which both low and high employment protection are stable political outcomes.<br>by Bjoren Axel Bruegemann.<br>Ph.D.
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Awomolo, Abiodun Adegboye. "The political economy of market women in Western Nigeria." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1998. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/601.
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This study examined the political- economy of market women paying close attention to the impact of governmental economic policies on women’s trade. Our analysis was based on the experiences of market women in western Nigeria as a case study. The study focused particularly on the wage and salary restructuring awards awards (Udoji) of the 1970S and the Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs) of the late 1980s to present. On a secondary level, the study attempted theory-building of Africana feminism using the position of market women as the focus of analysis. To achieve its primary goal, the study presented and analyzed the following: (a) the impact of presumablY gender-neutral policies on women’s trade; (b) the plight of women traders in a gender-differentiated market arena; and (c) coping mechanisms market women utilize in light of the two preceeding conditions. To fulfill the secondary objective, an examination was conducted of feminist writings theoretizing the situation of African women vis-a-vis the reality of their existence. In this case study, triangulation was used to test the validity of the data collected. Secondary data was collected as well as primary data using a questionnaire and personal interviews. In addition, a videotape recording of markets was undertaken to conoborate survey findings. From our examination of the data, both primary and secondary, we found that market women were adversely impacted by SAPs conditionalities. Three major findings resulted from this study: (1) Stagnation of trade: the combination of devaluation of the naira, lack of money in circulation, ban on imports, high maintenance fees for market space, and non-payment of workers salaries by the government, aggravate consumer buying power and result in the stagnation of trade; (2) Market overcrowding: mass retrenchment brought women and men into the market who would normally not consider trade as an occupation. This situation in turn creates a reduction in individual sales, excessive competition for customers, and market overcrowding; and (3) Political alienation of market traders by the state: The current oppressive administration, fluctuation in leadership, arbitrary enforcement of policies, and police harassment have forced market women to assume a reactionary posture whereby they ignore state policies, attempt to dialogue with government officials, or stage marches and riots in order to demonstrate their dissatisfaction. Finally, our theoretical examination revealed the need for a socio-cultural construct to be integrated into the nexus of race, class, and gender within Africana feminism in order to make it a viable framework to discuss market women as a microcosm of women in developing countries.
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Turner, Donna. "The Malaysian state and the régulation of labour : from colonial economy to k-economy /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070424.111203.
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Chye, Eleanor. "Love, money and power in the Singaporean household economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340788.
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Ozcelik, Emre. "Institutional Political Economy Of Economic Development And Global Governance." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607360/index.pdf.
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There are two inter-related themes of this thesis: Economic development and global governance. We develop a perspective of &ndash<br>what we call &ndash<br>&lsquo<br>Institutional International Political Economy&rsquo<br>(IIPE) in order to: i) assess the likelihood of developmental success on the part of the Third World countries in the twenty-first century, and ii) analyze the developmental and world-systemic implications of the so-called &lsquo<br>global governance model&rsquo<br>, which we conceptualize as an ultra-liberal capitalist project on the part of the &lsquo<br>commanding heights&rsquo<br>of the contemporary &lsquo<br>world-economy&rsquo<br>. Our IIPE-perspective relies on an &lsquo<br>institutionalist&rsquo<br>synthesis of the classic works of Karl Polanyi, Joseph Schumpeter and Fernand Braudel. In the light of this perspective, &lsquo<br>state-led development&rsquo<br>seems to be inconceivable in the face of &lsquo<br>governance&rsquo<br>, which is an attempt to disintegrate the &lsquo<br>institutional substance&rsquo<br>of the state-as-we-know-it into &lsquo<br>market-like processes&rsquo<br>. Nevertheless, &lsquo<br>governance&rsquo<br>is bound to become the victim of its own success insofar as it destroys the indispensable political institutions upon which capitalism has survived as a historical world-system in the past.
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SCALISE, DIEGO. "Essays on Product Market Deregulation." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/109.
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La tesi si compone di tre saggi. nel primo saggio si sviluppa un modello teorico che analizza i possibili effetti macroeconomici, controintuitivi e redistributivi, di politiche di deregolamentazione nel mercato dei prodotti in un contesto di eterogeneità tra le imprese produttrici, nel breve e nel lungo periodo. Il secondo saggio presenta la struttura, la metodologia, e alcuni fatti stilizzati relativi al nuovo indice di regulation nei mercati dei prodotti; nel terzo saggio si usa l'indice di regulation nei mercati agricoli, per esplorare econometricamente le cause sottostanti al processo di riforma in tali mercati, in un'ottica di political economy.<br>The dissertation includes three papers. The first paper develops a theoretical model of deregulation in product market with heterogeneous firms. The second paper presents the methodology and the construction of the new index of regulation in product market; also, some stylized facts are presented. The third paper uses the new index to econometrically explore drivers and phases of market reforms in the agricultural sector.
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Surkova, Marina. "Assessing political risk of portfolio investment in the Russian economy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275387.
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Sun, Q. "Strategic market planning in China : a means-end chain approach to market segmentation within the Beijin mobile phone market." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14902/.
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With a dramatic economic growth rate of 10% per year, China, as one of the Big Emerging Markets, has drawn increasing attention from both academia and industry. Its market potential and growth rate is believed to be the top attraction for global investment. In many sectors, the increasing number of options available to consumers has led to the emergence of a consumer society in China and has further fed the development of variance in consumer behaviour. This has imposed imperatives of consumer research in China, especially market segmentation research, on both foreign multinational companies and indigenous 5 manufacturers, in order i) to identify the unique needs of consumers, to provide more desirable product/service packages, and iii) to communicate brand value via more appropriate messages to targeted consumers.
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Atabay, Seda. "Social Market Economy: A Discursive Framework For European Social Model?" Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610222/index.pdf.
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The thesis mainly scrutinizes the evolution of European Social Dimension from the early period of the European integration to the Lisbon Summit of 2000 and the formation of the draft EU Constitution in 2003. While the focus is on the changing role of social policy at the European Union level during the period of welfare state transformation, the thesis tries to lay down the normative and discursive linkages constructed between the concepts of European Social Model and the Social Market
Economy. Subsequent to the inquiry made into the theoretical foundations of the Social Market Economy and its practice in Germany, the thesis discusses how diverse European actors employ the concept, which is ambiguous in nature, as a comprehensive framework within which a European political identity that may be constructed around European Social Model could be grounded.
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Selby, Jaclyn. "Global-wood Hollywood's foreign market challenge in the digital economy /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3702.
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Mathekga, Mmanoko Jerry. "The political economy of labour market flexibility in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1532.
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Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The impact of globalisation can be found in every aspect of human life. Globalisation has
also brought about changes in the world of work, such as the call for labour market
flexibility, which has restructured the workplace. This study focuses on the implications of
labour market flexibility for workers in South Africa and for trade unions, within the context
of the introduction of a macroeconomic neoliberal policy in South Africa in 1996. The study
examines the changing nature of employment and work in a company in the South African
retail sector, namely Pick n Pay.
Labour market flexibility comes about as companies try to compete and cut costs at the
expense of workers. This implies a reduction of protection and benefits and has resulted in
the creation of a ‘working poor’ labour segment. Trade unions have been ineffective in
providing a voice and representation for the new working poor. This study argues that under
conditions of economic globalisation, trade unions are disempowered and flexible labour
market practices are introduced to cut costs in order to maintain market share and increase
competitiveness.
Economic globalisation has pressurised the South African government, and the African
National Congress (ANC), to shift gradually to the right and to adopt a neoliberal
macroeconomic policy. This has led to an increase in inequality, unemployment, new forms
of insecure jobs and the creation of an informal economy. This study found that instead of
creating jobs and alleviating poverty, the government’s Growth, Employment and
Redistribution Strategy (GEAR) has resulted in retrenchments, downsizing and restructuring.
The unemployed, retrenched and working poor find themselves in the ‘second economy’.
The retail sector in particular makes use of labour market flexibility in order to compete for
market share. Pick n Pay is an example of a retail company that increasingly makes use of
flexible labour market practices. This study found that labour market flexibility has created a
situation that trade unions find difficult to deal with, and that labour market flexibility has
been accompanied by increasing inequality, which overlaps with race and gender identities.
Furthermore, Pick n Pay maintains flexible employment under conditions of increased
productivity and contrary to labour legislation.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Impak van globalisering kan in elke aspek van mense se lewens waargeneem word.
Globalisering het verandering in die wêreld van werk teweeggebring, soos die aandrang op
arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid wat tot die herstrukturering van die werkersmag gelei het.
Hierdie studie fokus op die implikasie van arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid vir werkers in Suid‐
Afrika, en die implikasie vir vakbonde in die konteks van die inwerkingstelling van ’n makroekonomiese
neo‐liberale beleid in Suid‐Afrika in 1996. Verder ondersoek die studie die
verandering in die aard van indiensneming en werk in ’n Suid‐Afrikaanse maatskappy in die
kleinhandelsektor, naamlik Pick n Pay.
Buigsaamheid in die arbeidsmag ontstaan wanneer besighede in ’n poging om kompeterend
te wees, uitgawes ten koste van werkers besnoei. Dit bring die vermindering van
beskerming en voordele mee, wat tot ’n arbeidsegment van ‘arm werkers’ lei. Vakbonde
kon nie ’n stem en verteenwoordiging aan hierdie nuwe segment van arm werkers gee nie.
Hierdie studie voer aan dat ekonomiese globalisering werkersunies magteloos laat terwyl
buigsame arbeidsmarkpraktyke aangewend word om kostes te sny ten einde markaandeel
en verhoogde kompetisie te verseker.
Ekonomiese globalisasie plaas meer druk op die Suid‐Afrikaanse regering, die African
National Congress (ANC), om ‘n verskuiwing na regs te maak en ’n neo‐liberale makroekonomiese
beleid te volg. Dit het gelei tot verhoging in ongelykheid, werkloosheid, nuwe
vorme van onsekere werksgeleenthede, en die skepping van ’n informele ekonomie. Die
studie bevind dat die regering se Groei, Indiensnemings‐ en Herdistribusiebeleid (GEAR),
wat veronderstel was om werk te skep en werkloosheid te verminder, eerder tot meer
afdankings, afskaling en herstrukturering gelei het. Die werklose, afgedankte en
armwerkerskorps bevind hulself nou in ’n ‘tweede ekonomie’. In die besonder maak die
kleinhandelsektor gebruik van arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid om vir ’n deel van die mark te
kompeteer. Pick n Pay is ’n voorbeeld van ’n kleinhandelmaatskappy wat toenemend
gebruik maak van arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid. Die studie kom tot die slotsom dat
arbeidsmarkbuigsaamheid ’n situasie geskep het wat vakbonde verlam het, en wat met ’n
verhoging in ongelykheid wat verder met ras en geslagsidentiteite oorvleuel, gepaardgaan.
daarby maak Pick n Pay gebruik van buigsaame indiensnemingspraktyke onder
omstandighede van verhoogde produktiwiteit, in weerwil van arbeidswetgewing
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Ray, S. K. "Modelling the world jute economy : A study in market imperfections." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372903.
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Johannsen, Andreas. "Optimal control, the UK economy and the international oil market." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46843.
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Tsenova, Tsvetomira Stoyanova. "Macro-theoretic models of an economy in transition." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341846.
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Junker, Berit. "A local economy before its transition to the market economy : a case study of a German village." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34006.
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This work examines the socio-economic context of the small town of Eichelborn in the Westphalia region of Germany. There, a local and 'moral' economy existed until the end of the 1960's that resisted the forces of integration into a wider self-regulatory market system for an exceptionally long time, continuing to rely primarily on simple craft production and small-scale farming for the local market. Employing mainly qualitative methods, the aim of research was to describe the economic and social structure of this place as well as to determine whether it functioned according to the principles of a pre-market society as indicated in Karl Polanyi's writings. The findings of my research show that one can, indeed, understand Eichelborn as a Polanyi-type community and as a 'moral' economy in which a strong interrelation and unity between the social and economic realms result in the reconciliation between 'personal self-interest' and 'morality'.
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Ojeaga, Paul, and Folajin Victor Olushina. "THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC FACTORS ON STOCK PRICE IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY : A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGERIAN STOCK MARKET." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1126.
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The study was carried out to examine the effect of economic factors on stock price in a global economy - a case study of the Nigerian stock market. The main objectives of the study was to examine some peculiarities or differences in terms of economic variables that influence stock prices in the Nigerian stock market from those of the global economy. The study makes use of regression analysis and analysis of variance to analyze the secondary data obtained from the Nigerian Stock Market. There are numerous variables that can be identified to determine stock prices in any economy.<br>Mjeramgatan 2 lag 231 412 76 Göteborg
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Screene, Marie D. "An economic analysis of the response of Polish agriculture to Poland's economic transition to a free market economy." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362587.
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This thesis analyses the economic response of the Polish agricultural sector to the post 1989 political and economic reforms. The research adopts a two tiered spatial structure that utilises the Polish economic responsefrom both the national and regional perspectives. At the national level, the overriding concern is the economic performance of the Polish farming sector and its affiliated industries during the country's transition from a centrally planned to a more marketorientated economy. The thesis includes an evaluation of a number of inter-related variables including ownership rights, the role of research, technology and development, the availability of private andpublic sources of investment and rural infrastructure, the implications of current EU-Poland trade agreements and increasing trade competitiveness. The centrepiece of this research is an econometric analysis of Poland's primary sector using the Cobb Douglas prcxiuctionfunction. In short, the model is a production-based, supplyside analysis of the relationship between agricultural output and inputs, evaluating econometrically the determinants of Polish national and regional arable supply (1989-1993). The empirical component of the research programme uses published and unpublished Polish secondary agricultural and meteorological data; interview material gathered from European Union officials, Polish central and local government representatives, academics.farmers and state sector managers. Localised information gathered in two study areas in Poland during 1993 and 1994 provides further useful insights into the local impact of economic reforms. These theoretical and empirical inputs allow a two tier analysis of the response of Polish farming to the transition process. Thefirst focuses upon issues surrounding economic transition and itsfuture implications for Polish agricultural production. The second considers the general role of the primary sector in socio-economic development. This empirical research, therefore, synthesises various aspects of agricultural development theory within the present climate of Central and Eastern European economic change.
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Yao, Juan. "The Chinese stock market and economic activity." Curtin University of Technology, School of Economics and Finance, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11683.
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The primary purpose of this research is to perform an empirical test using Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) in order to investigate the relationship between the Chinese stock market performance and domestic economic activity.China's stock market was established in early 1990s and has operated through a period of strong economic growth. Generally, it has been recognized that the development of a sound financial market is necessary to sustain and support a high growth economy. In turn, a growing economy will drive financial market growth. This research is designed to shed light on this unique relationship by investigating the links between China's booming national economy and the domestic stock returns.Using both time-series and cross-section regressions, several identified macro economic variables are shown to be significant in their influence on stock returns. These variables include the growth rate of industrial production, the growth rate of total social retail sales, the growth rate of terms of trade and the growth rate of total social saving deposits. Stock market indexes are found significantly related to the stock portfolio returns in time-series regressions.Overall, the empirical results suggest that the rapid growth of the Chinese economy is factored into stock returns by the market. It also indicates that the market index has strong explanatory power over, the time-series returns, providing empirical support for the market model Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). However, the explanations of cross-section returns need to be further explored.
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Springer, Benedikt. "Building Markets? Neoliberalism, Competitive Federalism, and the Enduring Fragmentation of the American Market." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23709.
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Why do interstate barriers persist and proliferate in the US and go unnoticed by neoliberal policy-makers, while in other places, like the EU, they get systematically addressed? I challenge the common assumption that the EU is trying but failing to emulate the single market created in the US a long time ago. I show that in many ways, the EU has adopted more liberal rules for the exchange of goods and services across its members states than the US has in effect across its state borders.
Focused on the US, I assemble a wide-ranging set of evidence for this assertion ranging from federal policies pursued by conservative administrations since the 1980s and conservative think tank scholarship to an in-depth study of mobility and market barriers in the construction industry. To explain this, I develop two arguments. Firstly, I argue that American and European free-marketeers fundamentally conceptualize markets differently, with American conservatives seeing them as the natural product of government-non-intervention, and European officials seeing them has a deliberate creation of central authority. This leads to different market building strategies with differential effectiveness. At the same time, I argue that the fragmentation and decentralization of the party and interest representation system in the US incentivizes state by state and sector by sector thinking and dis-incentivizes political action—leaving the bigger picture, i.e. interstate barriers, unchanged. Especially interest groups struggle to articulate preferences for inter-state or cross-sectoral cooperation due to organizational incentives.
Applying a Bayesian process-tracing logic to mostly within-case and some cross-case evidence, I test conventional structural and institutional theories against my account. Tracing the lack of mobilization of conservative policy-makers and agenda-setters around federal market authority since the 1980s, and interviews with firms, regulators, and legislators about interstate barriers in the construction industry, clearly demonstrate how their imagination of markets prevents a single market building agenda top-down while institutional structures prevent it bottom-up.
This is a novel argument, speaking to broader debates about the socially-constructed nature of markets. Studying the US shows that interstate barriers and local protectionism flourish when no central authority deliberately creates ‘free markets’.
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Ramanujam, Nandini. "Price mechanism in Russia : its role in the old planning and new markets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320928.
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Tong, Jian. "Technology, industrial structure, financial institutions and economic growth." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1676/.
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This thesis studies the relationship between technology and industrial structure in the context of a growing market economy. Chapters 2 and 5 develop some general equilibrium models which permit a study of the relationship between quality competition, market structure and growth. Both market structure and the rate of growth are determined endogenously as functions of underlying parameters describing the pattern of technology and tastes, and the institutional environment. It is argued that quality competition constitutes an economic mechanism of primary importance, which provides essential incentives for innovation at the industry level, while also contributing to aggregate technological progress by way of R&D spillover effects. A related theme of the thesis is that constraints on quality competition are detrimental to growth. Chapter 3 presents a theoretical model which explains certain statistical regularities regarding cohort survival patterns, the persistence of firm turnover, and the appearance of shakeouts during an industry life cycle. By treating the market as comprising a number of strategically independent submarkets, this analysis separates the strategic interaction effects which occur at the submarket level, from the independence effects which operate across submarkets. Chapter 4 studies competition between two cohorts of radically different but substitutable technologies. By analyzing the entry of new-technology- based firms, the exit of incumbents and subsequent quality competition, this chapter explores the impact of a radical innovation on market structure and on the turnover of firms. Two critical levels of the parameter which measures the efficiency of the new technology are identified: the first must be attained for 'creative destruction' to take place, while the second must be attained for this 'creative destruction' process to take a 'drastic' form which involves the complete replacement of currently active firms by a wave of new entrants.
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Schrom, Yadira. "The Quechua Hybrid Economy: Dual Market Access as Indigenous Resistance and Alternative Economic Development in Peru." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1254.
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Indigenous people in the global periphery are positioned in the crosshairs of neoliberal globalism that not only conspires to liberalize their national markets but also coerce their full integration into the global capitalist economy. This was the case in the Calca Province of Peru, where 1960s Green Revolution reform sought to integrate Quechua agrarian communities into the global economy. Neoliberal reform impoverished Quechua communities through increasing production costs and decreasing the retail prices of produce. As a protectionist reaction, Quechua women cultivated a network of barter markets to combat food insecurity. Using anthropologist Jon Altman’s (2011) theory of Hybrid Economy as a framework of analysis, this thesis evaluates economic activity in the Calca Province with qualitative, quantitative, and ethnographic evidence from two recently published case studies. This thesis argues that the hybrid economy in the Calca Province is one of dual market access, as Quechua people navigate through a non-monetized customary economy and a monetized economy. The hybrid economy expands market access and promotes the continuance of customary exchange. These findings contribute to our understanding of alternative economic development and valorize the customary economy as an autonomous institution that absorbs the blows of the global market and is not to be confused as transitional to capitalism.
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Intaranukulkij, Hiranthip, and Fei Wei. "Did the regulatory monetary policy in China mimic the market economy?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20822.
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The People’s Bank of China (PBC) has played a vital role in conducting monetary policy during a period of fast economic growth in China. The PBC used a variety of monetary measures and instruments to implement monetary policy over the past decades. In this project, we examined whether the implementation of monetary policy in China mimics the market economy or not. We summarise the main tools that have been used in the monetary policy based on the studies by Qiong (2011) and Gerlach (2004). We then applied the variance and covariance analysis of macroeconomic variables of China and the US for two periods. The results of our analysis showed that China and the US had many similarities. Our empirical analysis, using the Taylor Rule theoretical framework demonstrates that the difference between the actual interest rate and the theoretical interest rate derived from the Taylor Rule for China and the US has the same trend. Our main conclusion is that the implementation of monetary policy in China mimics the market economy.
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Balkin, Steven, Alfonso Morales, and Joseph Persky. "Utilizing the Informal Economy: The Case of Chicago's Maxwell Street Market." University of Arizona, Mexican American Studies and Research Center, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219191.
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Torres-Olave, Blanca Minerva. "STEM Employment in the New Economy: A Labor Market Segmentation Approach." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305866.
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The present study examined the extent to which the U.S. STEM labor market is stratified in terms of quality of employment. Through a series of cluster analyses and Chi-square tests on data drawn from the 2008 Survey of Income Program Participation (SIPP), the study found evidence of segmentation in the highly-skilled STEM and non-STEM samples, which included workers with a subbaccalaureate diploma or above. The cluster analyses show a pattern consistent with Labor Market Segmentation theory: Higher wages are associated with other primary employment characteristics, including health insurance and pension benefits, as well as full-time employment. In turn, lower wages showed a tendency to cluster with secondary employment characteristics, such as part-time employment, multiple employment, and restricted access to health insurance and pension benefits. The findings also suggest that women have a higher likelihood of being employed in STEM jobs with secondary characteristics. The findings reveal a far more variegated employment landscape than is usually presented in national reports of the STEM workforce. There is evidence that, while STEM employment may be more resilient than non-STEM employment to labor restructuring trends in the new economy, the former is far from immune to secondary labor characteristics. There is a need for ongoing dialogue between STEM education (at all levels), employers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to truly understand not only the barriers to equity in employment relations, but also the mechanisms that create and maintain segmentation and how they may impact women, underrepresented minorities, and the foreign-born.
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Asthana, Roli. "The political economy of policy reform : labour market regulation in India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2277/.
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The central questions posed by this thesis are: what are the effects of labour market regulations pertaining to job security in India, and why are these regulations so difficult to reform. The thesis finds that job security regulations have a negative effect on both efficiency and equity. They have a significantly negative impact on employment in all categories. They benefit a small minority of highly educated and high human capital workers, while excluding the large majority of the labour force from secure, protected work. They also have a negative impact on output, as they discourage investment. This is shown through a ranking of twenty four Indian states according to the strictness of job security regulations. Highly labour regulated states have lower levels of investment, leading to a negative impact on output, employment and real wage. In this way, these regulations harm both efficiency and equity. In saying this, this thesis supports the distortion view of job security regulations as held by the World Bank, and refutes the institutional view as held by the International Labour Office (ILO). The findings of this thesis show that the result of high levels job security regulations do not cause a necessary trade-off between efficiency and equity (sacrificing the former to get more of the latter), but that the result is a negative impact on both efficiency and equity. The thesis then asks why policies that reduce both efficiency and equity are so difficult to reform in a democracy like India. It explores this by doing an inter-state analysis of policy reform in ten Indian states, considering each state as a separate democracy. It finds conclusive evidence that political factors influence the capacity and motivation to carry out labour policy reform, and it analyse what factors these might be. We use a multi-pronged political economy approach in this thesis. We use extensive historical and institutional analysis, combined with fairly simple, but powerful, empirical analysis. Most of our empirical analysis relies largely on simple and straightforward ordinary least squares (OLS). We are encouraged by the fact that we use four different datasets, and all four give us the same significant result. This gives us confidence in the strength and robustness of our findings.
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Mahmood, Zaad. "Globalisation, policy convergence and labour market : the political economy of reforms." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/16811/.
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This dissertation shows the relevance of political agency under conditions of globalisation through a sub-national comparative study of labour market reforms. The study builds upon existing literature by highlighting ‘relative autonomy’ of political actors and dynamics in determining policy and outcome. Such an assertion contradicts the purely structuralist interpretations of reform and asserts that forces of globalisation can be negotiated by domestic political actors. Based on the study of labour flexibility the dissertation argues that political variables, specifically partisan orientation and nature of party competition, influence the pace and direction of reforms producing sub-national variations. As revealed governments backed by a relatively homogenous dominant support base with business representation undertake greater labour market reforms compared to governments with heterogeneous base. The difference in orientation to reform is due to differences in distributive and redistributive pressures emanating from support base. Another important finding of this research concerns the impact of party competition on reforms. Contrary to conventional understanding that fragmentation impedes reforms, the case study, reveals that fragmentation in the party system facilitates labour market reforms. The result indicate that the impact of political fragmentation on reform is not generic, and intermediate factors such as configuration of electoral cleavages influence the relation. In sum, the dissertation argues that variations in strength of interest groups i.e. trade unions and business, the nature of party competition and configuration of electoral groups combine to produce variation in reforms. Although such a claim cannot undermine the increased relevance of market forces consequent upon globalisation, theoretically, it does point out that reforms emerge in the interrelation between economic considerations vis-à-vis political imperatives. Public policy under conditions of globalisation is shaped not merely by economic concerns but mirrors social trade-offs and varieties of social configuration.
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Kirsch, Robert Emmanuel. "Market Challenges to Democracy: The Political Economy of Hyman P. Minsky." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28396.
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This dissertation seeks to reengage the field of political economy to establish a political response to financial crisis, as well as the resulting social crisis of everyday life, using the political economy of Hyman P. Minsky. As an academic field, political economy is in a strange kind of limbo. The separation of politics and economics is easy enough to see, and even within economics, there is another cleavage between economics proper and the history of economics. This yields some very strange conjectures about what it means to be an â economist,â and how things can be a matter for either economic â policyâ or â political economyâ as if these categories were all jumbled up in a grab bag of available methodologies. This dissertation seeks to carve out some intellectual terrain in what can be called political economy by engaging in an interdisciplinary way, inspired by Minsky, in order to offer a cogent political analysis of financial crises. Minsky gives five possible definitions for political economy: the discipline of Economics, a code name for Marxism, rational choice theory of profit maximization, the management of macroeconomic policy, and finally an interdisciplinary view of political economy that works in concert with other social sciences and humanities in order to identify and remedy social ills such as unemployment and poverty. The reading of Minsky in this dissertation is thus in an explicitly political way in order to bridge the gap between various kinds of economics and the various social sciences. By analyzing and critiquing each of these possible definitions of political economy, it becomes clear that a properly social definition of political economy is the final, interdisciplinary one. This dissertation argues that Minsky had a â preanalytic visionâ of the kind of society he wished his political economy to yield, and is a first step in fleshing out a political program for that vision.<br>Ph. D.
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DeLong, Tyler Benjamin. "Eucharistic Unity, Fragmented Body: Christian Social Practice and the Market Economy." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1427404705.
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Rydberg, Emelie. "Deaf people and the labour market in Sweden : education - employment - economy." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-10389.
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This thesis focuses on deaf people’s educational attainment, position on the labour market and sources of revenue. These issues are interrelated, for instance a higher level of educational attainment seems to be associated with a lower unemployment rate and higher levels of income. The national context is Sweden and the Swedish welfare state in 2005. All studies in the thesis compare a deaf population, consisting of 2,144 persons born between 1941 and 1980 who have attended a school for the deaf in Sweden, with a general reference population, consisting of 100,000 randomly chosen persons from the total Swedish population born between 1941 and 1980. Data for all studies consisted of registered information about the persons in the year 2005. The results show that there are differences between the deaf and the reference population regarding level of educational attainment, position on the labour market and sources of revenue and disposable income, with the deaf population having a poorer position than the reference population in all areas. There are also differences between the workplaces of the deaf and the people in the reference population, and it is twice as common for people in the deaf population than for people in the reference population to have a higher level of educational attainment than is required for their occupation. These differences between the deaf and the reference population cannot be associated with differences in the independent factors, as for instance sex, age and immigration background, for which the results have been adjusted. This thesis shows that being part of the deaf population appears to be of importance. Factors in conjunction with deafness that can increase our understanding of the differences between the deaf and the reference populations in an educational context, labour market context and economic context are discussed in the thesis.
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Minh, Nguyen Thi Nguyet. "Servants of a socialist-oriented market economy : labour market trajectories and identities of domestic workers in Hanoi." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539342.
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Dalto, Fabiano Abranches Silva. "Government, market and development : Brazilian economic development in historical perspective." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1911.
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In the last 30 years the World has been swept by neoliberal doctrine. Under neoliberal conceptions, freedom of the market mechanism has precedence in the process of development. Neoliberalism has had a major impact on the mindset of policymakers, on government strategies for development and on economic performance. This thesis is about the economic consequences of neoliberalism in Brazil. It approaches the problem from a historical perspective. By examining government economic strategies in Brazil from the 1930s through the 1970s it undermines a central neoliberal argument that government interventions in the economy are either inimical or irrelevant to economic development. While government failures did occur indeed, in the Brazilian case it is shown that the government performed a crucial role in this period in building key institutions that guided market forces towards industrial transformation. Since the mid-1970s, Brazil has been a laboratory for neoliberal economic policymaking. Restrictive macroeconomic policies alongside liberalised markets have been the cornerstones of policymaking. The second line of argument developed here is that neoliberalism has since constrained economic development in Brazil. During this period the country has been through several financial crises and has experienced low economic growth and unprecedented unemployment. Compared with the previous period of government-led development, neoliberal policies and institutions fall far behind in terms of overall economic performance. Thirdly, it is argued that under neoliberalism government policy and institutions in Brazil have been directed to satisfy rentiers’ interests at the expense of a socially acceptable economic development. Finally, this thesis calls for the reinstatement of discussion over the government’s role as an agent of a democratic, economic and social ransformation. This is a discussion that has been obstructed by neoliberal doctrine for too long.
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Garcia, Mónica Maria Cristancho. "What china is missing to be a market economy: China's political & economical models contradiction." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18006.
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Previous issue date: 2016-11-10<br>China has been growing at a fastest pace than the rest of the world in the last two decades increasing the importance of its economy every day in the global field but sowing uncertainty and confusion among investors and the rest of the world due to the contradiction between its political and economic models. Economically, the People’s Republic of China has demonstrated to be more open to capitalism but its politics reveal a communist system in which there is no opportunity for a capitalist economy as it is originally conceived
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Arvanitidis, Paschalis A. "Property market and urban economic development : an institutional economics approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288280.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the property market and urban economic development. The impetus for the research lies in the rapid process of urban economic change and the failure of economic approaches to explore adequately the important role of the property market in that process. The study draws on institutional economics to advance the argument that the property market as an institution is a mediator through which economic potential can be realised and served. Due to major philosophical and theoretical deficiencies in the area, focus is placed on the establishment of an appropriate philosophical framework, the development of a new theory, and the specification of a research design for empirical investigation of the issues. The thesis's foremost contribution therefore lies in the formation of a holistic research programme to conceptualise the property market as an institution and to explore its role within the urban economy. Critical realist principles provide the basis for the development of the philosophical position of the study. These are combined with institutionalist insights to construct a three-layer ontological framework discussing the nature of urban socioeconomy. The thesis then lays down a rich theory of urban economic organisation, placing explicit emphasis on the institutional mechanisms, processes and dynamics through which the built environment is provided. The interrelation between property market process and the wider institutional environment is explored, particularly in terms of efficiency in providing appropriate market institutions and property outcomes that support urban economic potential. From this discussion the institutionalist concept of 'property market purpose efficiency' is developed. Building upon the conceptual framework, the thesis explicitly addresses the requirements for concrete analysis. It, first, lays down a generic analytical approach specifying appropriate research methods and techniques for investigation, and, second, sets up a research design providing an operational frame in which developed theory is translated into empirical practice. This research design provides a blueprint for empirical case studies. Finally, a case study of Madrid is employed to empirically explore the research design.
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Chen, Shunlong. "Market openness, technological capabilities and regional disparities : the Chinese experience." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249748.
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Mills, Bryan Keith. "Economic linkages within the rural economy : the case of producer services." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2868.
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This research seeks to contribute towards the understanding of economic linkage within the rural context by exploring the relationship between rurally located small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their purchase of producer (business) services. In addition, the work considers other inter-rural and intra-rural differences, in both firm (SME) behaviour and firm characteristics. Whilst the subject of linkages has been explored by other researchers, the market town and SME focus of this thesis provides a more spatially contained framework than is often encountered within this type of research. By using four towns of similar size and structure contained within two noticeably different counties, the work is able to explore difference within the rural setting. Given its emphasis on market towns, rural areas, SMEs, the service sector and indigenous growth potential, the work contributes to current debates in both academia and in national and European government policy. The underlying hypothesis is that integration, in terms of local spending on producer services, is a function of a firm's characteristics. In order to test this hypothesis, data was collected from four rural towns, and a logistic regression model was constructed using variables that described both firms' characteristics and proportion of spend on services in their resident town. The model was then tested using data collected firom a further two towns. This thesis shows that there is a relationship between a firm's characteristics and the location of the firm's producer service spending, enhancing our understanding of firms operating within the rural context. Key characteristic variables that are shown to have a relationship with producer service spend location are: firm Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), size (in terms of total sales, total number of hours worked by all staff), total spend on producer services by firm and distance that the current location is from the firm's previous location. Given the changing role and nature of rural firms, this research provides timely information concerning the relationship between firms and service providers.
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Vernby, Kåre. "Essays in Political Economy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Government, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6879.
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<p>This thesis consists of an introduction and three stand-alone essays. In the introduction I discuss the commonalities between the three essays. Essay I charts the the main political cleavages among 59 Swedish unions and business organizations. The main conclusion is that there appear to exist two economic sources of political cleavage: The traded versus the nontraded divide and the labor versus capital divide. Essay II suggests a political rationale for why strikes have been more common in those OECD countries where the legislature is elected in single member districts (e.g. France, Great Britain) than where it was elected by proportional representation (e.g. Sweden, Netherlands). In Essay III I present a theoretical model of political support for different types of labor market regulations. From it I recover two implications: Support for industrial relations legislation that enables unions to bid up wages should be inversely related to the economy's openness, while support for employment protection legislation should be positively related to the size of the unionized sector. Empirical evidence from a cross-section of 70 countries match my theoretical priors.</p>
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Iosifides, Theodoros. "Recent foreign immigration and the labour market in Athens." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360526.
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This thesis presents a mainly empirical analysis of the phenomenon of recent immigration to the Athens conurbation and of the relationship of foreign workers to the Athenian lahour market. The research focuses on three of the main groups of foreign migrant workers from Third World and Eastern European countries: Albanians, Egyptians and Filipinos. After an analysis of the nature and characteristics of the Greek economy and labour market the research is built around three major topics: the differentiation of migrant groups within the context of Greek labour market segmentation; the relation between immigration and the informal, underground economy; and the impact of immigration on the spatial and social division of labour in Athens. Methodologically, the main effort of the study was a field survey of recent immigrants in Athens, undertaken over a period of seven months hetween August 1995 and February 1996. The first three chapters of the thesis contain the theoretical hackground to the empirical research. Chapter 4 contains a detailed presentation of methodological tools and approaches adopted during the field research in Athens. Chapter 5 presents the general background and profile data of 141 immigrants interviewed, including such variables as age, sex, time and means of arrival, education and training, reasons for migrating to Greece, family circumstances, remittance behaviour, and plans for the future. Chapter 6 is an extended discussion of the interactions between immigrants and the Athens labour market, based partly on a detailed analysis of the city's economy and social formation, and pattly on interview results. Chapter 7 looks more closely at the day-to-day lives of the immigrants in Athens, focusing in particular on their housing arrangements and their impact on the social geography of the city. Finally Chapter 8 concludes the thesis. It shows how the empirical findings to the different research questions are related to each other and how these findings are related to past and contemporary theories of migration. The strengths and weaknesses of the research are evaluated and suggestions for further research made.