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Journal articles on the topic 'And National Airspace Sovereignty'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Setiani, Baiq. "Konsep Kedaulatan Negara di Ruang Udara dan Upaya Penegakan Pelanggaran Kedaulatan oleh Pesawat Udara Asing." Jurnal Konstitusi 14, no. 3 (2018): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1432.

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Pengakuan dunia internasional akan wilayah udara sebagai bagian dari kedaulatan negara memberikan legitimasi yang kuat bagi Indonesia sebagai suatu negara yang luas. Namun kondisi ini dapat berubah manakala Indonesia tidak mampu menguasai wilayah kedirgantaraannya sebagai penopang ekonomi dan pertahanan nasional. Ditambah dengan masalah pelanggaran batas kedaulatan yang sering dilakukan oleh pesawat militer negara asing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi tiga permasalahan, yaitu (1) bagaimana konsep kedaulatan negara di ruang udara menurut hukum internasional dan peraturan perun

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2

Barus, Yan Jefri. "Jurisdiction Of A Country’s Air Territorry In International Law Perspective." Journal of Law Science 3, no. 3 (2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jls.v3i3.1673.

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The sovereignty of a country is no longer absolute or absolute, but at certain limits it must respect the sovereignty of other countries, which are regulated through international law. This is what became known as the relative sovereignty of the state. In the context of international law, a sovereign state must essentially obey and respect international law, as well as the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries. The problem in this research is How is the JURISDICTION of a country's airspace? What are the principles of air law adopted by nations in the world (internationally)?

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3

Mendes de Leon, Pablo. "National Reflexes Following the COVID-19 Outbreak: Is Sovereignty Back in the Air?" Air and Space Law 45, Special issue (2020): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2020047.

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States have closed their national airspaces in the past for a variety of reasons which may pertain to environmental concerns, safety, security, politics or war. The global spreading of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus sheds a new light on closure of the airspace because, for the first time in the history of air law, measures are taken to protect the health of the resident population on a global scale. COVID-19, closure of airspace, national reflexes, sovereignty, European positions

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4

Pramono, Agus. "AIR SOVEREIGNTY AND NO-FLY ZONES." Diponegoro Law Review 1, no. 1 (2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.1.1.2016.99-112.

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Sovereignty of a state in essence is an embedded, basic element of a state as a supreme power. However, the sovereignty of a state can only be applied within its own borders, where outside of its own territory the sovereignty of another country takes over. This research was carried out based on the approach of current legal regulations and review of literature. The study showed that airspace sovereignty is, in principle, embedded to a state of which ownership is exclusive in nature. No-fly zones are airspace in which a sovereign state determines to be restricted for flight traffic based on the

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5

Yustitianingtyas, Levina, Basuki Babussalam, and Asri Wijayanti. "Pengendalian Keselamatan Penerbangan Sebagai Upaya Penegakan Kedaulatan Negara di Ruang Udara dan Implikasinya di Indonesi." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 7, no. 1 (2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v7i1.31474.

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The main concept that applies to the national airspace of a country is that the national airspace is closed to the flight of foreign aircraft. This is a further consequence of the acceptance of a state's complete and exclusive sovereignty over its air space. Therefore it is necessary to control the air space as one of the ways to enforce state sovereignty in air space. Even so, despite efforts to control air space, there are still frequent violations of Indonesian airspace. In writing this law, the focus of the problem to be studied is related to the occurrence of violations of a country's air

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6

ERKARA, Mustafa Burak, and Polathan KÜSBECİ. "Ege Hava Sahası:Türkiye ve Yunanistan Sorunları." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 19 (2023): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.9.19.14.

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Discussions on the width of the national airspace have been a frequent topic on the agenda of Turkish-Greek relations after 1974. Discussions on this issue arise, in particular, from the difference between the width of the Greek national territorial sea and the width of its airspace. The rules of international law, while regulating the rights related to the sovereignty of the states, stipulated that the sovereignty of the state covers the territorial lands, the territorial seas forming the coasts of these lands, and the airspace over these regions as a whole. In short, the territorial sea bord

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7

Rohanwi, Fatkur, Tiarsen Buaton, and Ahmad Makbul. "Determination of Vertical Boundaries of National Airspace in the Context of Airspace Security Operations." AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2024): 291–303. https://doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v4i1.3671.

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The establishment of the vertical boundary of national airspace is crucial in maintaining Indonesia's air sovereignty. The state has full sovereignty over the airspace above its land and waters; however, to date, there are no clear national or international regulations that define this vertical boundary. This uncertainty creates issues in law enforcement operations and airspace security, especially due to the rapid advancement of aviation and space technologies. This study analyzes the importance of establishing the vertical boundary of airspace to support air security operations by the Indone

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8

Wijayanto, Setiawan, I. Wayan Midhio, and Afrizal Hendra. "Optimization of the Universal Defense System with Strengthening Air Sovereignty in the Republic Of Indonesia." IAR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 3, no. 01 (2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47310/iarjhss.2022.v03i01.010.

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The international recognition of airspace as part of state sovereignty provides strong legitimacy for Indonesia to fully and exclusively regulate its air space. Unfortunately, this has not been done optimally by Indonesia, which can be seen from the lack of adequate facilities, infrastructure and human resources that affect the ability to maintain national airspace sovereignty. Even though the regulation regarding regional borders has been clearly regulated through the 1944 Chicago Convention. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze efforts to strengthen a

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9

Munoz-Cordero, Fritz. "Tech-Enabled Sovereignty: Leveraging Innovation and Bilateral Defense Cooperation for Airspace Security in Colombia." Estudios y Perspectivas Revista Científica y Académica 5, no. 2 (2025): 2575–91. https://doi.org/10.61384/r.c.a..v5i2.1299.

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Airspace sovereignty is a critical pillar of national security, especially for countries facing transnational threats and vast territorial surveillance challenges. In Colombia, defense cooperation with the United States has not only expanded military interoperability but has also catalyzed the integration of cutting-edge technologies in airspace management. This paper examines how bilateral programs—centered on radar fusion, AI-powered surveillance, unmanned systems, and encrypted communications—have transformed Colombia’s ability to monitor and secure its airspace. Drawing on firsthand experi

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10

Su, Jinyuan. "Is the Establishment of Air Defence Identification Zones Outside National Airspace in Accordance with International Law?" European Journal of International Law 32, no. 4 (2021): 1309–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab088.

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Abstract Whereas the right of a state to establish an air defence identification zone (ADIZ) in national airspace falls squarely within its sovereignty, the question whether coastal states may claim such zones outside national airspace remains a matter of controversy. The latter category, referred to as ‘offshore ADIZs’, usually do not amount to sovereignty claims over the open airspace outside national airspace or involve threat or use of force. The right of coastal states to identify aircraft in the open airspace near coastal areas has arguably become part of customary international law. Thi

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11

Sari, Harwita. "INDONESIAN AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY; PERSPECTIVE OF LAW NO. 1 OF 2009 ON AVIATION AND THE FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION (FIR) AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDONESIA AND SINGAPORE 2022." Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum 23, no. 3 (2024): 1702–10. https://doi.org/10.31941/pj.v23i3.5052.

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The existence of the Agreement between Indonesia and Singapore on the adjustment of the FIR boundary signed on January 25, 2022 should strengthen Indonesia's sovereignty by prioritizing national interests. However, this has not been achieved. This prompted the author to conduct research with the aim of finding the concept of Indonesian airspace sovereignty in Law no. 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation, as well as reviewing and analyzing the perspectives of policy makers in the 2022 FIR agreement as outlined in Presidential Regulation 109 of 2022; sovereignty or safety . The method used is normative

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Nisa, Candra Ulfatun, and Hari Sutra Disemadi. "Yurisdiksi Kriminal Terhadap Black Flight Di Ruang Udara Wilayah Indonesia." SASI 26, no. 3 (2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v26i3.289.

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The state in its capacity as one of the subjects of international law, has the rights and obligations associated with sovereignty. The state is free and independent to exercise its sovereignty rights in full but also has an obligation to pay attention to its limits in not exercising its sovereignty in the territory of other countries. Regarding the sovereignty of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, even though it has clearly established its boundaries and has been recognized by international law, violations of sovereignty territories often occur that are not intentional or intentional

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Lestari, Endang Puji. "The Delegation of State Sovereignty over Air Space in the Implementation of Air Navigation: The Analysis of the Agreement between Indonesia and Singapore on Management of the Batam and Natuna Flight Information Region." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 2 (2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v11no2.813.

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The state sovereignty over airspace with its complete and exclusive nature experiences a significant dynamic in both its concept and implementation in the international air law. Sovereignty over the airspace not only provides legislative, executive, and judicialauthorities of the state but also puts an obligation on the state to provide facilities for aviation safety. The reason for aviation safety airspace of a sovereign state can be delegated to other states to manage the service of navigation, for example, Indonesian air spaces in the Natuna and Batam, are maintained by Singapore for the sa

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14

Đukić, Đorđe. "The airspace control of the Republic of Serbia as a security challenge, risk and threat to national security." Vojno delo 73, no. 4 (2021): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo2104021d.

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Problems that occur when trying to control in an efficient and timely manner the airspace of the territory of the state surrounded by challenges and threats are becoming more frequent. They arise as a process that accompanies the development of modern lethal weapons for the attacks from the ground and airspace, by increasing the growth of pretensions of great states and state alliances, and the development and spread of economic globalism. One of the causes that can lead to the loss of sovereignty and territorial integrity in the airspace is the slow and longlasting adoption of strategic docum

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15

Mukti Setiyawan, Wahyu Beny, Nurul Hidayah, and Andi Chaerul Sofyan. "Urgensi Penerapan Interdependent Airspace Governance Untuk Optimalisasi Tata Kelola Ruang Udara Nasional Sebagai Antisipasi Open Sky Policy." Wajah Hukum 4, no. 2 (2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v4i2.252.

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Indonesia as an archipelago state has a national airspace of 5,180,053 km². Indonesia's airspace is located in a strategic position between the continents of Asia and Australia which makes Indonesia one of the busiest air routes in the world. Therefore, the management of air space is a vital matter that must be emphasized through various legal instruments. The sovereignty of Indonesian air space is affirmed in Article 49 paragraph (2) of the 1982 International Law of the Sea Convention which was ratified by Law Number 17 of 1985 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention on the L

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16

Wang, Lan. "A Brief Analysis of the Defining Standard of the National Territorial Boundary Treaty." Law and Economy 2, no. 2 (2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/le.2023.02.04.

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Territorial sovereignty refers to the supreme power a country has over its territory itself and the people and things within its territory, and its content includes ownership and jurisdiction. The state’s ownership of the territory means that the state has the right to possess, use and control all the land and resources within its territory, so the importance of territorial treaties is self-evident. The area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state usually includes land (territorial land), internal waters (including rivers, lakes, and internal seas) within a country’s national borders (bord

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17

Prasetiyani, Ikha, A. Farid Wadjdi, Y. Prihanto, et al. "Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Radar Dalam Rangka Penguatan Pertahanan Dan Kedaulatan Wilayah Udara Indonesia." Journal on Education 5, no. 3 (2023): 8324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i3.1620.

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One source of national wealth is airspace. There is a lot of potential in the airspace, including defense and commercial potential. However, the management of airspace in Indonesia is still not optimal. This can be analyzed from airspace issues related to the Indonesian FIR area on the border of the Natuna Islands. There is still overlap with the neighborhod country, Singapore, regarding the authority to control, use and regulate the Fligt Information Region (FIR) which could impact security and air defense if not resolved immediately. That's why this article presents insights through the lite

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18

Yudhi, Bandung Sukarmanto1* Bonaventura Ngarawula2 Catur Wahyudi3. "NAVIGATING CIVIL-MILITARY AIRSPACE: THE ROLE OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT IN THE SMOOTH OPERATION OF AIR FORCE FLIGHTS." ISRG Journal of Arts Humanities & Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) III, no. III (2025): 139–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15449049.

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<em>This study analyzes the impact of the development of Dhoho Kediri International Airport on Indonesian Air Force operations in East Java, specifically at Iswahjudi (Madiun), Abdulrachman Saleh (Malang), and Mulyono (Surabaya) Air Force Bases. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and Miles and Huberman's analysis model, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. Findings reveal that the airport's development significantly affects military flight operations, particularly regarding airspace utilization and training schedules. The realignment of ci

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19

Florea, Dumitrita, and Narcisa Gales. "Affirming the Principle of Good Neighborliness in International Relations." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Law 8, no. 2 (2020): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenlaw/8.2/40.

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The territory is the fundamental part of a state. It is the geographical space where a state exercises its full sovereignty, asserts its authority and possesses its national resources and wealth. A state territory is a land area under the sovereignty of a given state, in other words, an area in which the state exercises supreme power and which it controls, organizing itself in an administrative relationship and establishing its legal regime. One of the components of a state's sovereignty is its territorial supremacy. The nature of the territorial supremacy of state sovereignty and of the state

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20

Enggal, Leksono, Sudayra Agus, Hendra Afrizal, et al. "Military Campaign Strategy To Keep Indonesian National Air Regional Sovereignty." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 05, no. 2 (2022): 537–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6043626.

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There are still a number of issues that hinder the TNI AU from realizing the development of the TNI AU's Electronic Warfare capability, among others, the organization that organizes trade operations in the TNI AU's operational units is still not ideal, there are still limited software that regulates the implementation of TNI commerce operations, not optimal. preparation of human resources in the field of trading operations, the need for electronic warfare equipment with the latest technology in all operational units of the Indonesian Air Force, and the lack of availability of supportin

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21

Razqi, Afrizal. "AIR DEFENCE IDENTIFICATION ZONE: UPAYA MENJAGA KEDAULATAN WILAYAH UDARA INDONESIA." Media Keadilan: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 12, no. 1 (2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmk.v12i1.4265.

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ABSTRACTAir is an inseparable part of a country, a country's sovereignty over land and sea also means sovereignty over airspace. As an international community, it is only natural that Indonesia's airspace is used for the common interest of supporting population mobility and economic improvement. However, Indonesian sovereignty over airspace is still being violated by foreign aircraft. Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) is a zone for identification of foreign aircraft before entering the airspace. The determination of ADIZ Indonesia needs to be accompanied by various preparations including

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22

Subarkah, Alwafi Ridho. "KEPENTINGAN INDONESIA DALAM MENGAMBIL ALIH FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION (FIR) DARI SINGAPURA." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 3, no. 2 (2020): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v3i2.1317.

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Each state should maintain their sovereignty as a whole, especially on their territory which includes air, land and sea. However, Indonesia has not been fully sovereign in its airspace. For instance, Air Traffic Control (ATC) is still controlling flight identification zones in Western Indonesia, such as Serawak, Tanjung Pinang, Malacca Peninsula, Natuna and Riau Islands. This was a threat because when the Indonesian Armed Forces aircraft on patrol and training had to report to the Singapore ATC, economically it also required Indonesia to pay fees to Singapore if it passed through the area.This

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23

Gaveika, Arturs. "THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA WITHIN THE DIMENSIONAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SUBJECT." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 7 (2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2015vol1.7.1180.

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In operations of public administration, and especially law enforcement agencies, a particular understanding of the definition of national territory is necessary, especially having in mind the various sovereignty differentiation of national territory into sea areas and airspace, resulting from the modern international and European Union law and which would not be contrary to Article 3 of the Constitution generally determining the meaning of the Latvian State territory. Sometimes the national territory is understood as land or water surface. But setting national borders and border treaties and t

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24

Gudev, P. "The Aegean Sea of Contradictions (Part I)." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 10 (2021): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-10-142-151.

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The Aegean Sea as part of the Eastern Mediterranean has been a clash of national interests between Greece and Turkey for decades. In particular, this process has intensified since 1974, and although there have been certain peaks and troughs along the way, now it seems to be at a point of new aggravation in bilateral relations. In general, this state of affairs is due to the particular geographical characteristics of the Aegean Sea, namely the large number of Greek islands, rocks and island formations scattered throughout its waters, often close to the Turkish coastline. Through them, Athens ca

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25

Williams, Alison J. "A crisis in aerial sovereignty? Considering the implications of recent military violations of national airspace." Area 42, no. 1 (2010): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2009.00896.x.

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26

Muhammad, Naufal, Atip Latipulhayat, and Garry Pratama. "Realignment of Flight Information Region Agreement Between Indonesia and Singapore 2022: Unraveling Sovereignty and Ratification Issues for Indonesia." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 11, no. 1 (2024): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v11n1.a1.

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Flight Information Region (FIR) is an essential part of the aviation sector, providing air navigation and alerting services crucial for ensuring flight safety. States may delegate the management of FIR services to other nations for various reasons, primarily centered on aviation safety. However, such delegation requires careful consideration due to its potential impact on a state’s airspace sovereignty. This study focuses on the most recent FIR delegation involving the realignment of FIR over the Riau and Natuna Islands between Indonesia and Singapore in 2022. According to the signed agreement

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27

Nugrahayani, Tiara, and Rifqi Raza Bunahri. "Pengaruh Peningkatan Kemampuan Personil, Pengenalan Keselamatan, dan Sosialisasi Kawasan Keselamatan Operasi Penerbangan terhadap Kualitas Individu pada Pelayanan Jasa Kebandarudaraan." JURNAL MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN ILMU SOSIAL 4, no. 1 (2023): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/jmpis.v4i1.1487.

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The utilization of airspace is the implementation and sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia as a whole. Including the national airspace arrangement, service delivery, personnels, facilities, flight navigation services, and the imposition of sanctions in accordance with applicable legal regulations in Indonesia. Airports are the most important facilities in air transportation services in various places including in Indonesia, because their function is intended as a place for departure and landing of aircraft, boarding and falling of passengers, goods (cargo), and postal. The method of writin

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Doroshenko, Dmytro. "Some issues of regulation of international flights by the legislation of Ukraine." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.98.

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The article reveals the interpretation of the concept of “international flights” in accordance with the legislation of Ukraine andsubstantiates the opinion that it is advisable to fix the corresponding definition in the provisions of the Air Code of Ukraine. In addition,the concepts of “legal regime of international flight” and “airspace of Ukraine” are analyzed, in particular, attention is paid to the problemsof establishing the boundaries of state sovereignty over airspace and various approaches to their solution and the author’s positionwith respect to this phenomenon are considered.In addi

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Lestari, Endang Puji Lestari Puji. "REKONSEPSI HAK PENGUASAAN NEGARA ATAS WILAYAH UDARA DI TENGAH KEBIJAKAN LIBERALISASI PENERBANGAN." Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 4, no. 2 (2015): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v4i2.27.

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<p>Perkembangan di dunia penerbangan terhadap prinsip kedaulatan negara di ruang udara yang bersifat complete and exclusive kini telah terkikis oleh berbagai perjanjian internasional di bidang penerbangan yang dibuat oleh negara-negara dewasa ini seperti perjanjian perdagangan jasa pesawat penerbangan baik yang berbentuk multilateral seperti WTO, Regional seperti ASEAN maupun bilateral. Tulisan ini mengidentifikasi dua permasalahan yaitu: pertama, bagaimanakah konsep kedaulatan negara atas ruang udara yang bersifat complete dan exclusive dalam hukum internasional diimplementasi dalam per

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ŽENTEK, Miroslav, and Pavel NEČAS. "European Air C2 System National Requirements: Case Study of the Slovak Republic." INCAS BULLETIN 12, no. 1 (2020): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.1.24.

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The end of the world bipolar division has reduced the likelihood of a threat of an atomic conflict, but at the same time it has released dormant conflicts. From that time, the phenomena that are not new, but their frequency, intensity, impact on human society have caused a change in the way they are perceived. In this context it is clear, that to ensure the sovereignty of the European airspace and specifically the one of the Slovak Republic, as a member of NATO, is the first priority task of the Air Force missions. To accomplish this, there will be significantly increased the requirements for

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Şahin, Kenan, and Levent Kırval. "Sovereignty Race for Resources in the International Seas and Areas Beyond the National Jurisdiction of States (including Airspace and Space): A Transnational Security Theory." Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi 17, no. 1 (2025): 132–55. https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.1608762.

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Throughout history, states have primarily designated lands as their areas of sovereignty. However, with the development of technology, they have entered a race to establish dominance and domination in the seas and the air. In this context, international seas (high seas) and international airspace have been determined as the common property of all humanity. Recently, space has also been defined as a common property of all mankind that exists beyond the borders of the nation-state sovereignty. In all these areas, various states and companies carry out activities such as fishing, deep sea mining,

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Randy Rahmanto, Belinda Ayuningtyas, and Sulistyo Widodo. "Analisa Sinyal Remote Control Untuk Aplikasi Pengendali Jarak Jauh." Uranus : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro, Sains dan Informatika 3, no. 1 (2025): 70–79. https://doi.org/10.61132/uranus.v3i1.659.

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Indonesia's aerospace sector plays a crucial role in maintaining national sovereignty. However, the country's airspace is often infiltrated by irresponsible parties, necessitating an effective monitoring system. Unmanned radio-controlled helicopters are a potential solution, although they are limited in range. This study aims to design a long-range control system for radio-controlled helicopters using satellite phone communication, which offers wide coverage and can reach remote areas. The system comprises a remote control, a radio converter circuit, an audio mixer, and a satellite phone. The

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Jasmine, Divania, and Robi Sugara. "Air Navigation Sovereignty Through Indonesia-Singapore Fir Boundary Realignment In 2022." Ilomata International Journal of Social Science 5, no. 1 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v5i1.1039.

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This research examines the Flight Information Region (FIR) boundary adjustment between Indonesia and Singapore that affects Indonesia's air navigation sovereignty. Various efforts have been made by Indonesia to take over control of the FIR from Singapore, until finally reaching an agreement in adjusting the FIR boundary in 2022. However, in taking over the FIR, Indonesia faced problems, namely the difficulty of Indonesia taking over the management of the FIR which was previously managed by Singapore, as well as challenges in meeting international standards in FIR management. Although the agree

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Margaretha, Rita. "Implementation Policy Maritime Security in Flight Information Region (FIR) Kepulauan Riau - Natuna." BIO Web of Conferences 134 (2024): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413408003.

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This study discusses the implementation of maritime security in the Flight Information Region (FIR) of the Kepulauan Riau - Natuna, an area that has strategic value both politically, economically, and defense-wise. The management of this airspace was previously controlled by Singapore based on a mandate from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) since 1946, which poses challenges to Indonesia's sovereignty and security. The Collaborative Governance approach was applied to improve coordination between various stakeholders, including the Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Transporta

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Koloay, Jorry Soleman. "Kekosongan Hukum dalam Pengelolaan Ruang Udara di Indonesia." Jurnal Keamanan Nasional 7, no. 1 (2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v7i1.494.

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Indonesia's airspace is a sovereign area with strategic value because it is utilized for various functions and dimensions of interest. As an inseparable part of the land, sea, and under the earth space, the air space should be arranged for security, safety, service and prosperity. However, the absence of a law that underlies the management of air space, makes the interests of using air space overlap, not properly synchronized, and it seems that there is a lack of collaboration. This study uses a qualitative approach with content analysis methods, to discuss theories, analyze policies and analy

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Sidikov, Rustam. "THE LEGAL NATURE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: CLASSIFICATION APPROACHES AND ISSUES OF SOVEREIGNTY." Jurisprudence 5, no. 3 (2025): 73–84. https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.5.3./vjge6287.

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The article examines the legal aspects of classifying and regulating unmanned aerial vehicles within the framework of international air law. The evolution of international legal approaches to determining the legal status of unmanned aerial vehicles is analyzed - from the provisions of the 1944 Chicago Convention to modern standards and recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization. Special attention is paid to the problems of classifying unmanned aerial vehicles, including terminological discrepancies and various taxonomic approaches based on weight, purpose, and technical c

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Lawless, Christopher. "Assembling airspace: The Single European Sky and contested transnationalities of European air traffic management." Social Studies of Science 50, no. 4 (2020): 680–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312720920704.

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The Single European Sky (SES) encompasses a series of legislative and regulatory measures reflecting a vision for reforming Air Traffic Management (ATM) in Europe to ultimately transcend national control of airspace. This article considers SES via the conceptual framing of the sociotechnical imaginary, and finds that the embedded, distributed and interpretive character of European ATM invites further conceptualization around how actors may need to engage with infrastructural imaginaries. How is an imaginary perceived and interpreted across its spatial reach? How do the standpoints, interests a

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Muhammad Fikri Ridwansyah and Sugeng Supartono. "PENGGUNAAN DRONE OLEH PEMBERONTAK HOUTHI DALAM PENYERANGAN KILANG MINYAK ARAB SAUDI MENURUT HUKUM UDARA." Reformasi Hukum Trisakti 7, no. 2 (2025): 548–59. https://doi.org/10.25105/refor.v7i2.22765.

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State sovereignty over airspace according to international law is intact and full. International regulations or conventions have not expressly regulated unmanned aircraft (drones). The development of drone regulation is developing very slowly because there are no laws and standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in the use of drones. The problems of this research are: how is the legality of drones in crossing state borders and how is Yemen responsible for the actions of Houthi rebels? This type of research uses a normative juridical method, a descriptive, uses seco

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Vuniqi, Dardan. "Independence, Sovereignty, Preponderance – The Prevalence and the Territorial Expansion of State Power." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 3, no. 1 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v3i1.89.

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State is society’s need for the existence of an organized power, equipped with the right equipments of coercion and able to run the society, by imposing the choices that seem reasonable to them, through legal norms. State is an organization of state power; it is an organized power which imposes its will to all the society and has a whole mechanism to execute this will. The state realizes its functions through power, which is a mechanism to accomplish its relevant functions. The power’s concept is a social concept, which can be understood only as a relation between two subjects, between two wil

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Kolomoiets, Tetiana, Artur Gordienko, and Daria Yevtushenko. "PROTECTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR AND AIRSPACE OF UKRAINE: LEGAL, REGULATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 10, no. 3 (2024): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2024-10-3-168-179.

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The study uses general scientific and special methods, the main of which are: abstract-logical, deductive, inductive, historical, modelling and forecasting, methods of system-structural, system-functional analysis, economic and statistical (grouping, comparison, etc.). The use of system analysis methods made it possible to structure the constituent elements of the regulatory and legal support of public administration in the field of protection of atmospheric air and airspace of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to characterise the protection of atmospheric air and airspace of Ukraine in t

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Irianto, Dwi Wahyu, Sovian Aritonang, and Ansori Ansori. "PEMELIHARAAN RUDAL AIR TO GROUND DALAM RANGKA MENDUKUNG TUGAS TNI AU." Strategi dan Kampanye Militer (SKM) 9, no. 2 (2023): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/skm.v9i2.14562.

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The Indonesian Air Force (TNI AU) as an integral part of the Indonesian National Army plays a crucial role in maintaining and defending the sovereignty of the nation. However, the TNI AU faces several challenges in maintaining air to ground missiles, which are a vital part of the air defense system. Challenges such as limited maintenance facilities, the quality and quantity conditions of personnel, and insufficient software affect the implementation of maintenance. Therefore, this research will examine the maintenance strategy of air to ground missiles in order to increase the operational read

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Gracia, Chelsea. "UNVEILING A NEW CURTAIN: THE APPLICABILITY OF CISG ON SALES OF DRONES." Transnational Business Law Journal 3, no. 2 (2022): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/transbuslj.v3i2.1376.

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Drones have become an integral part of the aviation industry, encompassing a wide range of sizes and functions. This paper examines the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) to the sale of drones. While drones are not explicitly excluded from the CISG, their absence from its provisions can be attributed to the CISG's formation predating their widespread commercialization. The absence of specific provisions addressing drone sales within the CISG has led to diverse interpretations. However, considering the CISG's o

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Prasetiyo, Riyan Eko, Romie Oktovianus Bura, Gita Amperiawan, Muhammad Nainar, Sezsy Yuniorrita Yusuf, and Ony Afriyanto. "The Combination of Manned and Unmanned Combat Aircraft (UCAV) as a Collaborative Combat Operations to Strengthen Indonesia's Air Defense System." Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi tentang Kajian dan Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism dan Integrity 10, no. 1 (2024): 124–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v10i1.19444.

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Airspace violations that occur in Indonesia are a form of threat to state sovereignty, national security, and national safety. The violations are actions taken by foreign military and civilian aircraft that enter the country's territory without permission. Therefore, a strong national air defense system is needed. Ambush fighters with fast reaction capabilities are one of the main elements in a strong national air defense system. The fighter ambush mission can be accompanied by stealth unmanned aircraft technology similar to fighter aircraft, namely Unmanned Combat Aircraft (UCAV), as a Collab

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Rebello, Keya, Robert Kresánek, and Jonathan Kaley-Isley. "The Limits Of National Sovereignty: An Analysis Of The Line Between Airspace And Space. Expanding On Space Law And Government (1963) By Andrew G. Haley." Space Court Foundation Student Space Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2025): 56–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15488880.

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Andrew G Haley (19 November 1904 – 11 September 1966) was a renowned American lawyer who was instrumental in the development of modern space law. He and Dr. Theodore von Kármán together formed the Aerojet Engineering Corporation in 1942. Haley's seminal book "Space Law and Government" (1963) was written in the years after Sputnik, at the height of the Cold War, and several years prior to the signing of the Outer Space Treaty. In Chapter Four of his book, Haley recounts the essential arguments for establishing a scientific boundary, governed by the laws of physics and what h

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Huttunen, Mikko T. "The right of the overflown state to divert or intercept civil aircraft under a bomb threat: an analysis with regard to Ryanair flight 4978." Journal of Transportation Security 14, no. 3-4 (2021): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12198-021-00235-5.

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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss whether a state has a right to divert or intercept a foreign civil aircraft flying above its territory, when the aircraft is under a bomb threat. The analysis stems from the recent incident where a Ryanair passenger jet was diverted to Minsk while flying in Belarusian airspace; however, the article approaches the topic from a general perspective, analyzing the key applicable rules of international aviation safety and security law. The article argues that air sovereignty and national rules on aviation (the latter wherever such exist) provide sta

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Cedeño Bravo, Gustavo, and Jaime Ramiro Andrade Albuja. "Inteligencia Aérea en apoyo a la interdicción de aeronaves vinculadas al narcotráfico." Ciencia y Poder Aéreo 20, no. 1 (2024): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18667/cienciaypoderaereo.787.

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The actions of the narco-criminal organizations that operate internationally have permeated the security of the Ecuadorian State and violated, on several occasions, its sovereignty. Since 2003 there have been some incidents with illegal aircraft linked to drug trafficking, the same ones that enter Ecuador by air. This phenomenon has caused the Armed Forces to intervene directly through the execution of military operations in the internal sphere, where the Air Force maintains the responsibility of exercising surveillance and control of airspace. In this regard, the operational effort has been o

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Amana, Amade Roberts. "The liberalization of air services: prospects and challenges for the Indian economy." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 14, no. 1 (2015): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-04-2014-0007.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine, with a specific reference to the Indian economy, the interface between the World Trade Organization (WTO)/General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) disciplines and aviation services; the challenges to the incorporation of air services regimes into the world trade treaty; and the alternative routes for the liberalization of air services markets. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts the doctrinal approach to legal research in analyzing literature on the integration of air services into the multi-lateral trading system. The paper ta

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Benhabib, Seyla. "Transformations of Citizenship: The Case of Contemporary Europe." Government and Opposition 37, no. 4 (2002): 439–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00110.

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In The Mid-Morning Hours Of 11 September 2001, Shortly After the second Twin Tower of the World Trade Center had collapsed, amidst the fog surrounding us all – who, when, why – I heard a brief item of news on the radio. Canada had closed its airspace to all American planes still en route; since US airports were also closed for several hours on that day, these pilots would have no choice but to return to their destinations or to circle the airs in search of ‘safe haven’. This news was not repeated. Canada eventually did permit US airplanes to land and many transatlantic passengers found safety

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Vodolaskova, Kateryna, and Svitlana Holovko. "HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND OVERVIEW OF LEGAL UNDERSTANDING OF AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY CONCEPT." Scientific works of National Aviation University. Series: Law Journal "Air and Space Law" 1, no. 66 (2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2307-9061.66.17411.

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Goal: define different ideas of the concept of "sovereignty in aviation space" and consider the stages of development of the concept of airspace sovereignty in the context of the airspace bordering the territory of the state. Research methods: documentary analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, cognitive and analytical, as well as methods of systematization and generalizations. Results: the analysis of legal acts of international significance in the field of aviation law, which determined the modern understanding of the concept of sovereignty in airspace, was carried out. Discussion: dee

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Prabandari, Adya Paramita. "INDONESIA’S AIR SOVEREIGNTY ISSUES IN THE GLOBAL ERA." Diponegoro Law Review 4, no. 2 (2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.4.2.2019.181-193.

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A state has a government as the supreme authority that has a complete and exclusive jurisdiction over its territory. It is very important to Indonesia, with its vast territory, to preserve and uphold the state’s sovereignty, particularly over its airspace. Especially in this global era, when the rapid development of technologies resulting in the end of geography era, and the world seems to be borderless. The issue discussed in this paper is Indonesia’s air sovereignty issues in the global era. The things to be concerned by the Government of Indonesia on the management and protection of the sta

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