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Belay, Adamu, Edward J. M. Joy, Christopher Chagumaira, Dilnesaw Zerfu, E. Louise Ander, Scott D. Young, Elizabeth H. Bailey, R. Murray Lark, Martin R. Broadley, and Dawd Gashu. "Selenium Deficiency Is Widespread and Spatially Dependent in Ethiopia." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061565.
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Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health and livestock productivity. Globally, human Se status is highly variable, mainly due to the influence of soil types on the Se content of crops, suggesting the need to identify areas of deficiency to design targeted interventions. In sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, data on population Se status are largely unavailable, although previous studies indicated the potential for widespread Se deficiency. Serum Se concentration of a nationally representative sample of the Ethiopian population was determined, and these observed values were combined with a spatial statistical model to predict and map the Se status of populations across the country. The study used archived serum samples (n = 3269) from the 2015 Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS). The ENMS was a cross-sectional survey of young and school-age children, women and men. Serum Se concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The national median (Q1, Q3) serum Se concentration was 87.7 (56.7, 123.0) μg L−1. Serum Se concentration differed between regions, ranging from a median (Q1, Q3) of 54.6 (43.1, 66.3) µg L−1 in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region to 122.0 (105, 141) µg L−1 in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region and the Afar Region. Overall, 35.5% of the population were Se deficient, defined as serum Se < 70 µg L−1. A geostatistical analysis showed that there was marked spatial dependence in Se status, with serum concentrations greatest among those living in North-East and Eastern Ethiopia and along the Rift Valley, while serum Se concentrations were lower among those living in North-West and Western Ethiopia. Selenium deficiency in Ethiopia is widespread, but the risk of Se deficiency is highly spatially dependent. Policies to enhance Se nutrition should target populations in North-West and Western Ethiopia.
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Young, John. "Along Ethiopia's western frontier: Gambella and Benishangul in transition." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 2 (June 1999): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x9900302x.
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The lowland Ethiopian regions of Gambella and Benishangul, bordering Sudan, form a classic frontier zone. ‘Modern’ politics dates from the 1974 Ethiopian revolution, and has been shaped by developments on either side of the frontier, as well as by the complex relations among indigenous peoples, and between them and immigrants and officials from highland areas of Ethiopia. The implementation of the post-1991 Ethiopian government's programme of ethnic regionalism has intensified local rivalries, and regional governments remain weak, being highly dependent on professionals from highland Ethiopia. Education, transport links, and other indicators of development remain poor. None the less, local political power, in sharp contrast to earlier periods, has to an appreciable extent passed into the hands of indigenous leaders.
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Abeshu, Gemechu Adimassu. "The Rise of New Forms of Power in Africa: The Emergence of Big Men in the Afar Region of Ethiopia." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v7i2.262.
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This article chronicles the emergence of a new form of power in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. The Afar people are predominantly Muslim pastoralists who live in a territory referred to as the Afar-Triangle (located in Ethiopia, Djibouti and Eritrea). Fieldwork for this study was conducted on Dobi in the Afar Region of Ethiopia, the second largest salt mining site in Ethiopia. In 2004, Dobi fell under the control of an individual by the name of As Mohammed Humed Yayyo. This article focuses on this specific Big Man. Since his emergence, this Big Man became the sole power figure who grants access to mine salt on Dobi and who collects taxes. The nature of the relation between the Big Man and the Ethiopian State has been fluid and is characterised by collaboration and conflict.
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Liyew, Alemneh Mekuriaw, Ayenew Kassie, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Yigizie Yeshaw, and Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema. "Exploring spatiotemporal distribution of under-five mortality in Ethiopia: further analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys 2000, 2005, 2011 and 2016." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (April 2021): e001047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001047.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore spatiotemporal distribution of under-five mortality in Ethiopia using data from four (2000, 2005, 2011 and 2016) consecutive demographic and health surveys.MethodsA total of 41 498 children were included from four consecutive Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. The geospatial analysis was conducted by using ArcGIS V.10.7 and saTScan V.9.6. Thus, spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, spatial interpolation and spatial scan statistics were carried out for each survey separately to show the temporal pattern of geographically risk areas of under-five mortality in Ethiopia. Finally, the most under-five mortality rate (U5MR) risk areas in each survey period were mapped.ResultsUnder-five mortality was spatially clustered in Ethiopia (Moran’s Index: 0.046–0.096, p<0.01). The Benishangul-Gumuz region was consistently at a higher risk in the last two decades. Additional hotspot areas were detected at Afar and Amhara (in 2000, 2005, 2016), at Gambala (in 2011) and the South Nation Nationality and People’s (SNNP) Region (in 2016). Moreover, 160 primary clusters were identified. Of these, 85 clusters (log-likelihood ratio (LLR)=13.10, p<0.01) were from Benishangul-Gumuz and Amhara regions (in 2000); 67 clusters (LLR=12.93, p<0.01) were from Afar and Amhara regions (in 2005); 4 clusters (LLR=10.54, p<0.01) were from Benishangul-Gumuz region (in 2011); and another 4 clusters (LLR=11.85, p<0.01) were from Afar region (in 2016).ConclusionHigh-risk areas were detected mainly in the Benishangul-Gumuz and Afar regions. As a result, designing under-five population targeted intervention programmes in those high-risk geographical regions was vital to reduce under-five mortality in Ethiopia.
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Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel. "Willingness to Take COVID-19 Vaccines in Ethiopia: An Instrumental Variable Probit Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 8892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178892.
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This paper analyzed the factors influencing the willingness of Ethiopia’s population to take COVID-19 vaccines. The data included the COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of Households in Ethiopia that were collected in 2021. This paper relied on the 10th round of the survey, which was comprised of 2178 households. The Instrumental Variable Probit regression model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that majority of the respondents (92.33%) would receiveCOVID-19 vaccines, while 6.61% and 1.06% were, respectively, unwilling and unsure. Across the regions of Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) (99.30%), Oromia (97.54%), Tigray (97.04%) and Gambela (95.42%) had the highest proportions of respondents willing to have the vaccine. Vaccine safety concern was the topmost reason for those unwilling to receive the vaccine. The results of the Instrumental Variable Probit regression showed that currently working, age, engagement with non-farm businesses and region of residence significantly influenced the population’s willingness to take the vaccine (p < 0.05). It was concluded that although the willingness be vaccinated was impressive, without everyone being receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, infection risk can still be high; this is due to the persistent mutation of the viral strains. Thus, there is a need to intensify efforts toward addressing the safety issues of COVID-19 vaccines, while efforts to enhance acceptability should focus on the youth population and those who are unemployed.
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Baart, Judith, Alice Schippers, and Mamush Meta. "Quality of Life of Persons with Disabilities in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia." Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development 30, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v30i3.879.
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Keeley, James, and Ian Scoones. "Knowledge, power and politics: the environmental policy-making process in Ethiopia." Journal of Modern African Studies 38, no. 1 (March 2000): 89–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99003262.
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Policy discourses urging environmental rehabilitation, and rapid agricultural intensification for food self-sufficiency are firmly entrenched in Ethiopia. This paper examines the actor-networks and key policy spaces associated with the establishment of these discourses, taking natural resource management policies, and institutionalisation of the SG-2000 extension programme as case studies. An emergent, and potentially challenging, participatory natural resource management discourse is also identified. Contrasting the regions of Tigray and the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region (SNNPR), the paper concludes by arguing that, with decentralisation, differences between regional administrative and political cultures are key to policy processes, affecting the degree to which central policies reflect local concerns.
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Kaplan, Steven. "Themes and Methods in the Study Of Conversion in Ethiopia: a Review Essay." Journal of Religion in Africa 34, no. 3 (2004): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570066041725475.
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AbstractAlthough conversion is one of the major themes in the religious and cultural history of Ethiopia, it has yet to benefit from extensive and systematic comparative discussion. For generations, scholars have worked to deepen our understanding of conversion to both Orthodox Christianity and Islam in the Ethiopian highlands. Recent works, moreover, are noteworthy for their efforts to expand our knowledge of both regions and groups hitherto neglected. Modern Islam, Evangelical Christianity and the religious histories of the peoples of Southern Ethiopia are only a few of the topics that have benefited from scholarship during the past decade. We are, therefore, in an unprecedented position to offer a review of research which, while by no means comprehensive, at least offers broader coverage than was previously possible.
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Kastro, Asayeberhan, and Karen Dullea. "Community-based prevention of child trafficking in Southern Ethiopia." International Social Work 63, no. 2 (September 19, 2018): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872818798000.
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The focus of this article is on children trafficked or migrating alone from rural areas of the Wolaita zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region to the urban centres of Jimma or Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. The article, based on information from interviews and focus groups, develops awareness of this issue as it is locally conceptualised and prevented. Recommendations include coordinated efforts between government, non-government and community-based organisations (CBOs) to protect children, and economic development/skills training in rural communities.
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Venkataraman, Manickam, and Solomon M. Gofie. "The dynamics of China-Ethiopia trade relations: economic capacity, balance of trade & trade regimes." Bandung: Journal of the Global South 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40728-014-0007-1.
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China’s trade with Ethiopia currently at 1.3 billion USD annually is expected to rise to US$3 billion by 2015. This not only informs the level of bilateral trade ties that Ethiopia has had with China as compared to any other country in the region but also signifies the highest and the closest level of bilateral relations that Ethiopia has built upwith China over the past decade since the new government under Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) took over power in 1991. There have been extensive debates on China’s role in Africa - whether it could be viewed as a constructive partner or otherwise. This essay puts forward the argument that while trade ties as one important channel of bilateral relations that China has embarked with the outside world and particularly with Africa is uneven and lop-sided. This is true of the Ethiopian context as well particularly when we look at the economic capacity, balance of trade and at the two countries relations with international trade regimes. While China is a full member of WTO for over a decade Ethiopia on the other hand has been aspiring to become a member for some time now and hence one of the important aspect of Ethio-China trade relations is the heavy reliance on bilateral/international trade regimes. Therefore, this research is aimed at unraveling the dynamics in Sino-Ethiopia trade relations with emphasis on the economic capacity of the two countries, balance of trade and explore whether Ethiopia’s attempts to join WTO would lead to a more predictable trade relations between the two countries. In this attempt the research would largely rely on the analysis of relevant archival resources and literatures directly relating to the themes in this paper.
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Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw, Dagnachew Muluye Fetene, Digsu N. Koye, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Hailay Gesesew, Mulugeta Molla Birhanu, et al. "COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e044606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044606.
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BackgroundCOVID-19 has caused a global public health crisis affecting most countries, including Ethiopia, in various ways. This study maps the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia.MethodsThirty-eight potential indicators of vulnerability to COVID-19 infection, case severity and likelihood of death, identified based on a literature review and the availability of nationally representative data at a low geographic scale, were assembled from multiple sources for geospatial analysis. Geospatial analysis techniques were applied to produce maps showing the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death in Ethiopia at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km.ResultsThis study showed that vulnerability to COVID-19 infection is likely to be high across most parts of Ethiopia, particularly in the Somali, Afar, Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions. The number of severe cases of COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalisation and intensive care unit admission is likely to be high across Amhara, most parts of Oromia and some parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region. The risk of COVID-19-related death is high in the country’s border regions, where public health preparedness for responding to COVID-19 is limited.ConclusionThis study revealed geographical differences in vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The study offers maps that can guide the targeted interventions necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.
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Gecho, Yishak. "Child Trafficking in the Case of Wolaita Zone, Southern Nation Nationalities and Peoples' Region, Ethiopia." Humanities and Social Sciences 6, no. 2 (2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20180602.11.
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Lailulo, Yishak A., and A. Sathiya Susuman. "Correlation of Unmet Need and Discontinuation in Ethiopia: a View." Journal of Asian and African Studies 51, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 656–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909614553239.
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A few key factors affecting usage of all methods and contraceptive discontinuation among women whom are currently married in Ethiopia are discussed. What are the factors affecting women’s contraceptive use? The aim is to explore the two regions on the basis of high total fertility rate (TFR) regions (Oromiya (5.6) and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) (4.9)) in the Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS) 2011. A descriptive and comparative study using the quantitative research method is chosen to address the above research question. The study findings show that the contraceptive discontinuation rate for users of all types of methods is 37%. The highest women’s discontinuation rate is for the pill which is 70% due to side effects.
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Demisie, Dechasa Abebe. "Amharic Oral Poems and Songs as Sources for Reconstructing a History of Shewa, Ethiopia (1703–1889)." Oral History Journal of South Africa 4, no. 2 (April 5, 2018): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/2519.
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The church and state institutions in the history of Ethiopia were considered literate. However, the majority of Ethiopians in general and Shewans in particular were non-literate. Moreover, peoples who were in the service of both the church and the state had no interest to record the day-to-day incidents in written form. These incidents were mainly maintained and transmitted from generation to generation orally by individuals who performed poems and songs. Thus, the main objective of this article is to explain how the daily political and socio-economic experiences of Shewa were preserved orally. It also attempts to analyse to what extent these experiences are reliable sources to reconstruct a history of the region (1703–1889). The oral poems and songs were collected from Amharic oral informants, books and manuscripts that were contributed by amateur historians.
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Ahmed, Kedir, Kingsley Agho, Andrew Page, Amit Arora, and Felix Ogbo. "Mapping Geographical Differences and Examining the Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Ethiopia: A Bayesian Geostatistical Analysis." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062104.
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Understanding the specific geographical distribution of stunting is essential for planning and implementing targeted public health interventions in high-burdened countries. This study investigated geographical variations in the prevalence of stunting sub-nationally, and the determinants of stunting among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia. We used the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset for children aged 0–59 months with valid anthropometric measurements and geographic coordinates (n = 9089). We modelled the prevalence of stunting and its determinants using Bayesian geospatially explicit regression models. The prevalence of stunting among children under five years was 36.3% (95% credible interval (CrI); 22.6%, 51.4%) in Ethiopia, with wide variations sub-nationally and by age group. The prevalence of childhood stunting ranged from 56.6% (37.4–74.6%) in the Mekelle Special zone of the Tigray region to 25.5% (10.5–48.9%) in the Sheka zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples region. Factors associated with a reduced likelihood of stunting in Ethiopia included non-receipt of breastmilk, mother’s BMI (overweight/obese), employment status (employed), and higher household wealth, while the enablers were residence in the “arid” geographic areas, small birth size of the child, and mother’s BMI (underweight). The prevalence and determinants of stunting varied across Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce the burden of childhood stunting should consider geographical heterogeneity and modifiable risk factors.
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Kendie, Fasil Adugna, Tamirat Hailegebriel W/kiros, Endalkachew Nibret Semegn, and Melaku Wale Ferede. "Prevalence of Malaria among Adults in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021 (March 4, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8863002.
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Background. Malaria is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the global malaria burden is in sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Malaria adversely affects the health of the peoples as well as the economic development of many developing countries including Ethiopia. Methods. This review article was reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Related published articles were searched from online public databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The search approach used to retrieve related articles were “prevalence,” “malaria,” “adults,” and “Ethiopia.” The quality of articles was assessed using Joana Brigg’s Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. The meta-analysis was computed using STATA version 14. The pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence interval were analyzed using a random-effect model, and the possible source of heterogeneity across studies was indicated through subgroup analysis, inverse of variance (I2), and time series analysis. The presence of publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Results. Out of 144 studies collected, only eight full-text articles were screened and included in the final quantitative meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of malaria among adults in Ethiopia was 13.61%. Subgroup analysis based on types of malaria cases showed that the prevalence of malaria among symptomatic and asymptomatic adults was 15.34% and 11.99%, respectively. Similarly, regional subgroup analysis showed that the highest malaria prevalence was recorded in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) (16.17%) followed by Oromia Regional State (13.11%) and Amhara Regional State (12.41%). Discussion and Conclusion. The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of malaria among adults was found to be greater than the general population and nearly equal to pregnant women. Therefore, the current prevention and control measures, which are related to both vectors and parasites, should be strengthened.
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Sedoro, Tagesse, Tekle Ejajo, Lonsako Abute, Tirulo Kedir, and Belay Erchafo. "Process Evaluation of Skilled Delivery Service in Hadiya Zone in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (February 6, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4717520.
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Pregnancy-related death is a cause for maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity as well as an obstacle for economic growth. Three-quarters of mothers’ lives can be saved if women have access to a skilled health worker at delivery and emergency obstetric care. This evaluation was conducted to assess skilled delivery service implementation level by using three dimensions (availability, compliance, and acceptability) and identify major contributing issues for underutilization of the service. The evaluation design is cross-sectional. The study included 846 mothers who gave birth in Hadiya zone within one year prior to study period, using one year delivery records. Epi Info 3.5.3 and SPSS version 16 were employed for data analysis. Based on selected indicators, resource availability was inadequate for health facilities, human resource medical equipment, and rooms. On the compliance dimension, skilled delivery service coverage (34.8%), active management of third stage labor (32.7%), and health information at discharge and in postnatal care (PNC) visit (7.1%) critically complied with or poorly agreed to the guidelines and targets. Regarding skilled delivery service acceptability, welcoming, privacy keeping, reassurance during labor pain, follow-up, baby care, comfortability (rooms, beds, and clothing), cost of service, and episiotomy (without local anesthesia) were not acceptable.
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Baye, Markos Yohannes. "Sedentary Behaviour among Urban Civil Servants in Eastern Part of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2021 (March 22, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8847107.
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Background. Active lifestyle is a determining factor for functional and clinical health that protects and maintains both physical and mental health of an individual, whereas sedentary lifestyle is a contrary vital cause for higher premature mortality, heart disease, diabetics, and poorer quality of life. This study is aimed at determining the amount of time spent on sedentary activity and identifying sedentary behaviours frequently practiced by civil servants in Southern Ethiopia in 2015. Methods. It was a cross-sectional study which employed both qualitative and quantitative approach. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 375 office workers (222 men and 153 women) from Hawassa, Wolayta Soddo, and Dilla ranging from 18-65 years old. Data were collected using harmonized self-reporting LASSA (Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam) questionnaires and prevalence estimates of mean sedentary time in each 12 activities per day were determined. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Independent t -test, Uni-variate ANOVA, and Person’s correlation were used to analyze association and predictability of IV on DV variables. Result. The total mean time spent sitting per day was 13.39 h which was 81.5% of weak time. Collectively, screen time was dominant (6.08). About 70.7%, 23.7%, 4.8%, and 0.8% of respondents were levelled very high, high, moderate, and less sedentary, respectively. In general, women accounted higher sedentary level (96.1%) than men (93.3%) in sedentary activity. There is a weak positive correlation between age and time spent in an administrative task. Income and mealtime were statistically significant ( r < 0.2 , n = 375 , p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The high level of self-reported sedentary time record suggests the need for public health policies targeted at increasing physical activity and decreasing sitting time through systemic intervention in and out of work.
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Ismagilova, Roza. "Ethiopia: the Victory of the Sidama in the Longer Than a Century’s Struggle for the Self-determination." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2021-55-2-47-65.
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For the first time in the history of domestic Ethiopian studies, the article analyzes in detail the successful struggle of one of the Ethiopian peoples’, the Sidama, for self-determination. On the 20th of November, 2019 a truly historic event took place in Ethiopia: one of the country’s many ethnic communities, the Sidama, achieved self-government. At a referendum about 98% voted in favor of the creation of the Sidama state. This provoked a chain reaction in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region: already 13 ethnic communities – Wolaita, Gamo, Gurage, Kaffa and others – are demanding the creation of their own states. Centrifugal processes in the country have become noticeably more active. The present paper is divided in four sections. The first section, “Who are the Sidama?”, offers a detailed description of the Sidama and emphasizes the vitality of traditional social and cultural institutions, including ethnic stratification and the continued presence of castes of artisans. At the same time, it is noted that globalization and urbanization are introducing significant changes in the life of the Sidama. The second section, “The Sidama under ethnic federalism”, analyzes the positive and negative aspects of ethnic federalism and the reasons for the discontent of the Sidama, as well as the causes of Sidama’s grievances and conflicts over power and resources with other ethnic communities, which ultimately led to their struggle for self-government. The third section, “The Sidama’s struggle for self-government”, provides a detailed account of the Sidama’s struggle against the policy of Amharization during the imperial period, the discrimination in Derg rule (1974–1991) and, since 1991, during the period of ethnic federalism. The fourth section, “Referendum”, is devoted to a detailed description of this important event in the life of the Sidama and their victory: the difficulties and obstacles to organizing the referendum, the attitude of the federal government, the referendum itself and victory. Finally, in the fifth section, “The impact of the creation of the Sidama state on the situation in the region”, the author analyzes the Constitution of the new state. The creation of the new 10th state on the ethnic basis means the strengthening of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia. It is important to stress that the author has conducted several e-mail interviews with Sidama scholars and journalists – active participants in the Sidama movement for self-determination – on the topic of post-referendum events.
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Lyons, Terrence. "Closing the Transition: the May 1995 Elections in Ethiopia." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 1 (March 1996): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055233.
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The Ethiopian transition, that began with the overthrow of military dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam in May 1991, formally ended with the swearing in of the newly elected Government of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia in August 1995. The intervening four years were a contentious time of clashes among rival political forces to determine the rules under which the transition would be conducted and hence which forces would be favoured. The first act of the Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) after deposing Mengistu was to convene a National Conference and establish a Council of Representatives that initially included a wide array of political groups. The EPRDF led throughout this transitional period and capitalised on its commanding position to consolidate its power. The party dominated the political landscape by virtue of its military power, effective organisation and leadership, and control of the agenda and rules of competition. It structured the transition around new ethnically defined regions, a constitution that emphasised self-determination, and a series of largely uncontested elections.
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Porth, Julia M., Abram L. Wagner, Yemesrach A. Tefera, and Matthew L. Boulton. "Childhood Immunization in Ethiopia: Accuracy of Maternal Recall Compared to Vaccination Cards." Vaccines 7, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7020048.
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Health surveys conducted in low- and middle-income countries typically estimate childhood vaccination status based on written vaccination cards, maternal recall (when cards are not available), or a combination of both. This analysis aimed to assess the accuracy of maternal recall of a child’s vaccination status in Ethiopia. Data came from a 2016 cross-sectional study conducted in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ (SNNP) Region of Ethiopia. Vaccine doses received by a given 12–23-month-old child were recorded from both a vaccination card and based on maternal recall and then compared. Concordance, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Cohen’s Kappa were calculated. Estimates of full immunization coverage were similar when collected via vaccination card (75%) and maternal recall (74%). For fully vaccinated children, comparison of maternal recall versus vaccination card showed high concordance (96%), sensitivity (97%), specificity (93%), PPV (98%), NPV (92%), and Kappa (90%). Accuracy of maternal recall of a child’s vaccination status is high in the SNNP region of Ethiopia. Although determination of vaccination status via vaccination card is preferred since it constitutes a written record, maternal recall can also be used with confidence when vaccination cards are not available.
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Kiros, Mizan, Ermias Dessie, Abdulrahman Jbaily, Mieraf Taddesse Tolla, Kjell Arne Johansson, Ole F. Norheim, Solomon Tessema Memirie, and Stéphane Verguet. "The burden of household out-of-pocket health expenditures in Ethiopia: estimates from a nationally representative survey (2015–16)." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 8 (August 9, 2020): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa044.
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Abstract In Ethiopia, little is known about the extent of out-of-pocket health expenditures and the associated financial hardships at national and regional levels. We estimated the incidence of both catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures using data from the 2015/16 Ethiopian household consumption and expenditure and welfare monitoring surveys. We computed incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) at 10% and 25% thresholds of total household consumption and 40% threshold of household capacity to pay, and impoverishing health expenditures (IHE) using Ethiopia's national poverty line (ETB 7184 per adult per year). Around 2.1% (SE: 0.2, P < 0.001) of households would face CHE with a 10% threshold of total consumption, and 0.9% (SE: 0.1, P < 0.001) of households would encounter IHE, annually in Ethiopia. CHE rates were high in the regions of Afar (5.8%, SE: 1.0, P < 0.001) and Benshangul-Gumuz (4.0%, SE: 0.8, P < 0.001). Oromia (n = 902 000), Amhara (n = 275 000) and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) (n = 268 000) regions would have the largest numbers of affected households, due to large population size. The IHE rates would also show similar patterns: high rates in Afar (5.0%, SE: 0.96, P < 0.001), Oromia (1.1%, SE: 0.22, P < 0.001) and Benshangul-Gumuz (0.9%, SE: 0.4, P = 0.02); a large number of households would be impoverished in Oromia (n = 356 000) and Amhara (n = 202 000) regions. In summary, a large number of households is facing financial hardship in Ethiopia, particularly in Afar, Benshangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Amhara and SNNP regions and this number would likely increase with greater health services utilization. We recommend regional-level analyses on services coverage to be conducted as some of the estimated low CHE/IHE regional values might be due to low services coverage. Periodic analyses on the financial hardship status of households could also be monitored to infer progress towards universal health coverage.
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Pospielov, Andrii. "The first period of double interstate military conflict on the African horn (1960-1977)." Scientific Visnyk V. O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Historical Sciences 48, no. 2 (2019): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2519-2809-2019-48-2-108-113.
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The article is devoted to the first period of the interstate military conflict in the Horn of Africa. The events of 1960-1977 are revealed. In two conflict zones. On the one hand, the buildup and manifestation of an interstate military-political confrontation between Ethiopia and the Republic of Somalia, and on the other hand, aspects of the emergence of an intrastate military conflict in Ethiopia itself related to the Eritrean issue are analyzed. Moreover, it is noted that the province of the Ethiopian Empire, and since 1974 the Republic of Eritrea, de facto was not so much an internal structure of the indicated state as a semi-legal state, fought for its independence. This process was provoked in 1945-1959. Great Britain, Italy and the UN. These world players created a situation of the unification of British and Italian Somalia into a single state - the Republic of Somalia, depriving it after the creation of those territories that were inhabited by related tribes. Thus, Western countries pushed Somalia to search for ways to unite with the territories of Ogaden and Kenya exclusively by military means. And Somalia, which was experiencing the shortcomings of all Somalia, was forced to seek a partner who would provide official Mogadishu with the means of warfare, against the background of constant help not to her, but exclusively to neighboring Ethiopia. That is why the Republic of Somalia has become an exclusively Soviet ally since the late 1960s. An example of the creation of a single Republic of Somalia and an attempt to have Western countries as an ally, and after 1974 the countries of socialism, the maritime power of Ethiopia, actually created a complex of double interstate conflict in this region of East Africa. It was in him that the status of Somalia as a country without related territories and Eritrea as the usual province of Ethiopia was fixed, which did not suit their peoples and leaders.
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Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, and Tadele Amare Zeleke. "Spatial Distribution and Factors Associated with Khat Chewing among Adult Males 15-59 Years in Ethiopia Using a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis." Psychiatry Journal 2020 (April 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8369693.
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Background. Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and widely practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic, and mental health. There is variation in khat cultivation, use, and factors that associated with khat chewing in the Ethiopian regions. Therefore, this study is aimed at showing spatial distribution and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods. A total of 12,594 men were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to show the spatial distribution of chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with khat chewing. A P value < 0.05 was taken to declare statistically significant predictors. Results. The EDHS 2016 survey showed that the high proportion of chewing khat was found in Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somali, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (LLR=946.60, P value < 0.001) were identified. Age group 30-44 years old (AOR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.86) and 45-59 years old (AOR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.61), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion followers (AOR=15.03, 95% CI: 11.90, 18.90), media exposed (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), had work (AOR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.08, 2.95), alcohol drinker (AOR=3.75, 95% CI: 3.10, 4.53), and region (Afar, Amhara, Benishangul Gumuz, Gambela, Harari, Oromia, Somali, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR), and Tigray) and two cities (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa) were statistically significant factors affecting chewing khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of khat chewing among adult men was nonrandom. A high proportion of khat chewing was observed in Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somali, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. Older age group, being single marital status, alcohol drinker, media unexposed, had no work, and Muslim religion follower were factors affecting khat chewing. Policymakers should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat by teaching the health impact of khat chewing through media in the identified regions.
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Eshte, Yesuf, Misganaw Mitiku, and Wondwesen Shiferaw. "Assessment of Important Plant Disease of Major Crops (Sorghum Maize, Common bean, Coffee, Mung Bean, Cowpea) in South Omo and Segen Peoples Zone of Ethiopia." Current Agriculture Research Journal 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.3.1.10.
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Production and productivity of maize, sorghum, Haricot bean Mung bean cow pea and coffee are highly threatened by different diseases in South omo and Segen peoples zone of Southern Nation Nationality Peoples Region of Ethiopia. However, the relative importance of each disease across locations has not been assessed and well profiled to sound management strategy. To determine the occurrence, distribution and the status of in the two zones , survey was carried out in three districts of South omo and Segen peoples zone i.e. South Ari and Benatsemay(South omo zone) and Konsso (Segen peoples zone), in 2013 cropping seasons. Results indicated that 70% of maize sampled plants were infected by Trichometasphaeria turcica at South Ari district of South omo zone. Whereas at Segen peoples zone the heights infected percentage was recorded 45%( Fusarium graminearum) . The current study indicated that a complex of diseases exist at different crops of the studied areas and the occurrence across districts is highly variable despite introduction and promotion of different management practices. Therefore holistic and cumulative integrated approach is required to manage the complex diseases in the surveyed areas.
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Gabrekiristos, Endriyas, and Tola Demiyo. "Hot Pepper Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici): Epidemics, Characteristic Features and Management Options." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 10 (September 15, 2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n10p347.
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Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the important cash crops to Ethiopian smallholder farmers and an important agricultural commodity which contribute to export earnings. In Ethiopia, this high value crop is constrained by powdery mildew, Phytophthora leaf blight, Fusarium wilt, bacterial leaf spot, bacterial wilt, bacterial soft rot and pepper motile virus. Among this diseases, wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici (FOC) is one of the major pathogen that constrained production and productivity of hot pepper in Ethiopia mainly the Central Rift valley. In Ethiopia, hot pepper fusarium wilt is reported in all production regions in different magnitude. The highest wilt incidence due to fusarium is 90% in some Farmers association of Alaba districts in South Nation Nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia. The economic yield losses due to Fusarium wilt has been estimated at 68 to 71%. Infection and disease development in Fusarium wilt is favored by warm soil temperature, low soil moisture, susceptible host, virulent pathogen and 5.0 to 6.0 pH levels; are some of epidemic factors. Fusarium is reproduced by sexually by teleomorphs and asexually by microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospore. From the Central rift valley of Ethiopia, 49 FOC isolates were identified based on micro and macroscopic characteristics and the isolate having pink colony color, 3-5 septa forming conidia on potato dextrose agar, perform the most pathogenic ability to Mareko Fana Variety. This pathogen has an over wintering stage called chlamydospore which can exist in the soil for more than ten years without the host. Hot pepper fusarium wilt can be managed by host resistance, biological agent, botanicals and fungicide. In Ethiopia, pepper screening for resistant source, in vitro evaluation of bioagents and fungicides were done. In this review attempt has been made to summarize relevant scientific studies on this economically important crop, hot pepper fusarium wilt and associated factors in Ethiopia as well as its different disease management options, challenges and future prospects.
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Kebede, Belachew, Gistane Ayele, Desta Haftu, and Gebrekiros Gebremichael. "The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Adults in Southern Ethiopia." International Journal of Chronic Diseases 2020 (April 11, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8020129.
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Background. Hypertension is a growing public health problem in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Determining the prevalence of hypertension and identifying the associated factors is crucial. Objective. To assess the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors, among adult population of Arba Minch town, Gamo Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted from December 1 to 30, 2017 among adults. Study participants were selected using a multistage systematic sampling method. Data were collected by face-to-face interview after getting written informed consent by using a structured questionnaire. Additionally, weight, height, and blood pressure of participants were measured following standard procedures. Data were entered into a computer using EPI INFO 7 and exported into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to explore the association between hypertension and associated factors. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to control the effect of confounders. Results. A total of 784 study participants were included in this study. The overall prevalence of hypertension in Arba Minch Town was 35.2%, (95% CI: 32.4%, 38.4%). Nearly 90% of hypertensive patients were screened for the first time. Age ≥55 years [AOR=7.74; 95% CI: 2.19, 27.23], income level which is greater than 2501 Ethiopian Birr [AOR=9.5; 95% CI: 4.5, 20.20], working hour less than seven hours per day [AOR=12.5; 95% CI: 4.3, 36.1], and chewing “khat” [AOR=11.06: 95% CI: 4.3, 27.7] were the independently associated factors with hypertension. Conclusion. The prevalence of hypertension is found to be high. Increasing awareness on control use of “khat,” increasing physical activity, and strengthening community-based periodic screening programs of high-risk populations are recommended.
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Okubaghergis. "The Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Region (1991-98): People without a Border." Northeast African Studies 19, no. 2 (2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.2.0065.
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Cohen, John M., and Nils-Ivar Isaksson. "Villagisation in Ethiopia's Arsi Region." Journal of Modern African Studies 25, no. 3 (September 1987): 435–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00009927.
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The Government of Socialist Ethiopia has decided to move all rural inhabitants into newly established villages as part of its strategy for promoting economic growth through agrarian socialism. Known as ‘villagisation’, this programme started in 1978 in parts of Bale Region and continued in Hararghe Region in 1984. Based on this experience, as well as on lessons learned while resettling those evicted to make way for state farms in the Wabe Shebelli valley, the Government began a nationwide campaign in late 1985 designed to move some 33 million rural people into consolidated settlements by 1995.1
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Mehare, Tsegaye, Reta Kassa, Birhanie Mekuriaw, and Tewodros Mengesha. "Assessing Predictors of Academic Performance for NMEI Curriculum-Based Medical Students Found in the Southern Ethiopia." Education Research International 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8855306.
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Background. In Ethiopia since 2012, the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health and Education implemented a new medical education initiative in 13 institutions. Currently, as a nation, very little is known about the predictors of academic performance for new medical education curriculum-based students. Identifying different factors affecting students’ academic performance in the local context so as to enrich the empirical evidence and provide new insights into the effect of variables in developing countries is very important. Thus, the main aim of this study was to assess predictors of academic performance for new medical education initiative curriculum-based medical students. Objective. This study designed to assess the predictors of academic performance for new medical education initiative curriculum-based medical students found in Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used on 472 new medical education system students. The study setting includes three medical institutions (Dilla University College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolaita Sodo University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Yirgalem Hospital Medical College) within southern region from February to July 2020. The study subjects were those medical students under the NMEI curriculum and had at least one-year cumulative grade point average in the abovementioned institutions. Results. A total of 167 (35.4%) of the students’ academic performance scores were poor. Being agriculture graduate with educational background, mothers with no formal education, being married, first-degree performance score of 2.7–3.2 CGPA, monthly allowance of 10–24.99 USD, nondormitory, student age of 31–35 years old, and being stressed have shown an association with poor academic performance score of the students. Conclusion. First-degree educational background, marital status, maternal educational status, first-degree academic performance, age of the student, monthly allowance, residency during medical school, and history of stress were significant predictors of academic performance for new medical education system students. Thus, it is recommended that special attention should be paid to the admission criteria and financial support of the students.
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Abebe, Ayele Mamo, Mesfin Wudu Kassaw, Abinet Dagnew Mekuria, Sisay Shewasinad Yehualshet, and Endegena Abebe Fenta. "Latrine Utilization and Associated Factors in Mehal Meda Town in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019." BioMed Research International 2020 (June 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7310925.
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Background. Worldwide lack of sanitation is a serious health risk, affecting billions of people around the world, particularly the poor and disadvantaged of people around the world. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of people who defecate remains the open field 215 million. According to the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys report, 56% of the rural households use unimproved toilet facilities. One in every three households in the country has no toilet facility. However, achieving real gains in increasing latrine use and quality remained as a challenge. This study was used to assess the latrine utilization and associated factors in Mehal Meda town in North Shewa zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2019. Result. In this study, a total of 558 participants were included. Out of households, 509 (91.2%) utilized their latrine facility. On the other way, 503 (98.8%) households utilized latrine regularly. Significant variables that were associated to latrine utilization were the occupational status of head of households, observing feces around the compound/latrine, duration of latrine utilization, shape and structure of latrine facility, latrine status during observation, and distance between water well and latrine. According to this study, the magnitude of latrine utilization in Mehal Meda district was 91.2%. It was lower than Ethiopia national expected target of MDGs (100%). Significant variables that were associated to latrine utilization were occupational status of head of households, observing feces around the compound/latrine, shape and structure of latrine facility, latrine status during observation, and distance between water well and latrine facility. Therefore, health education about latrine utilization and its advantage should be given for community in the study area.
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Regassa, Nigatu, and Gete Tsegaye. "Women’s Status among Households in Southern Ethiopia: Survey of Autonomy and Power." Human and Social Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hssr-2016-0003.
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Abstract This study examined two key dimensions of women’s status (autonomy and intimate partners violence) in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia based on regional data collected from five randomly selected zones and one city administration; namely, Sidama, Hadya, Gamo Gofa, South Omo, Bench Maji and Hawassa City Administration. The analysis revealed that while joint decision is fairly high, women’s independent decision making on key household domains is generally low. Significant proportions of women in the region are exposed to violence by their partners ranging from insult to heavy physical injury. The fact that nearly half of the women experienced insult and close to a quarter of them faced beating is indicative of the low status of women in society. The regression analysis indicated that seven variables determine the occurrence of violent acts against women in the study area, namely household size, education, access to radio, value of children index, wealth index and level of women autonomy. On the other hand, decision making autonomy is affected by wealth status, household size, access to radio and sex preference index. Finally, the study highlighted the importance of addressing the limited technical and operational capacities to implement gender policy and legal frameworks effectively and efficiently.
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Getie, Addisu, Adam Wondmieneh, Melaku Bimerew, Getnet Gedefaw, and Asmamaw Demis. "Blood Donation Practice and Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 25, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8852342.
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Background. Blood donation is a novel act to save the lives of people who face serious medical and surgical conditions. Since the demand for blood supply is too high, there is a shortage of blood which causes significant morbidity and mortality. To increase blood supply and maintain adequate quantity of blood, regular and volunteer blood donation practice is needed, which meets the increased demand for blood. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at assessing the prevalence of blood donation practices and associated factors in Ethiopia. Method. PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Journals Online (AJOL), and published and unpublished articles from the Ethiopian University repository were searched to find articles. Cochrane I 2 statistics and Egger’s test with funnel plots were done to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Subgroup analysis by region, study subjects, study setting, and sample size was done due to heterogeneity, as well as sensitivity analysis. Result. Twenty studies from different regions with a total study subject of 8546 were included in the final review. The pooled prevalence of blood donation practice in Ethiopia was 25.82% (95% CI: 21.45-30.19). Having good knowledge of blood donation ( AOR = 2.85 ; 95% CI: 2.33-3.48) and favorable attitude ( AOR = 4.35 ; 95% CI: 2.93-6.45) were factors associated with blood donation practice in Ethiopia. Conclusion. The pooled prevalence of blood donation practices in Ethiopia was short of the demand for blood due to the increase in serious medical conditions and road traffic accidents. Knowledge and attitude towards blood donation were significantly associated with blood donation practice. Therefore, awareness creation and health education programs targeting blood donation practice should be strengthened.
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Gebregziabher, Dawit, and Arezoo Soltani. "Exclosures in people’s minds: perceptions and attitudes in the Tigray region, Ethiopia." Forest Policy and Economics 101 (April 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.01.012.
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Shiferaw, Wondwesen, Ermiyas Mekonen, Kebere Bezaweletaw, Eliyas Mesikelu, Getachew Gashaw, Shiferaw Boke, Alayu Mekuria, and Bereket Zeleke. "IDENTIFICATION OF CROP PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS AND TECHNOLOGY NEEDS IN H1 AGRO-ECOLOGY OF SHISHIR PA IN SOUTH ARI DISTRICT OF SOUTH OMO ZONE, ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i1.2015.3053.
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The livelihood of over 93% of the people Southern Nation Nationality and peoples Region of Ethiopia dependent on agriculture; however, agricultural system in the region is at subsistence level. Much effort has been put to generate or adapt agricultural technologies that would help to increase production and productivity but only few technologies adopt by the end users. Because, technologies might have not be driven from the real need of the end users. A top bottom approach that dominantly centered researchers/ professional attitudes has been fallowed. For the successful research and development achievement, an agro-ecology based assessment is crucial to understand the specific farming system production practices and problems and technology needs of farmers and /or pastoralists. In this line, an assessment study was conducted in H1 agro-ecology of Shishir PA in Debub Ari district of South omo zone. Mixed farming is the livelihood of the farmers in the PA. The rain fall pattern is bimodal .Major crops grown in the area are Sorghum Maize, Common bean, field pea, and sunflower, Enset (Ensetventricosum), Yam, Cassava, Irish Potato, Sweet Potato, Taro, Garlic, Shallot, Cabbage, Banana, Coffe, Sugarcane, Corianders, Ginger and Peppers.
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Abebe, Firew Bekele. "Ethnobotanical Studies of Medicinal Plants used to Treat Human and Livestock Ailments in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia: A Systematic Review." Journal of Plant Studies 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v8n1p1.
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Like many other parts of Ethiopia, people in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) do have indigenous knowledge on the preparation and use of traditional medicinal plants. Even though different studies have been conducted to document medicinal plants in different zones of SNNPR separately, there is no previous review work which summarizes the medicinal plants and the associated indigenous knowledge at the regional level (at SNNPR region as a whole or in large scale). Also, there is no previous review work that prioritizes the factors that affect medicinal plants at the regional level (including threatened medicinal plants). The purpose of this paper was to review habitat, growth forms, the method of remedy preparation and administration, marketability of medicinal plants, and to prioritize the factors that affect medicinal plants in SNNPR. Most of the medicinal plants in the majority of the reviewed areas are harvested from wild. Herbs are the most utilized life forms and leaves are the most utilized plant part in the preparation of remedies. Fresh plant materials are the most employed in the preparation of remedies. Majority of medicinal plants are not marketable. Agricultural land expansion is a major threat to medicinal plants which followed by deforestation. Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Prunus africana, Echinops kebericho, Croton macrostachys, Cordia africana and Dodonaea angustifolia, Hagenia abyssinica, Withania somnifera and Ficus spp are the highly affected medicinal plant species which require conservation and management priority in the region.
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Agegnehu, Chilot Desta, and Adugnaw Zeleke Alem. "Exploring spatial variation in BCG vaccination among children 0–35 months in Ethiopia: spatial analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e043565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043565.
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ObjectiveTuberculosis is a major public health problem and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. BCG vaccination is a life-saving and important part of standard tuberculosis control measures, particularly in Ethiopia where tuberculosis is endemic. The End Tuberculosis Strategy targets of 2020 have not been achieved. Exploring spatial variations in BCG vaccination among children is vital to designing and monitoring effective intervention programmes. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial variation in BCG vaccination among children in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study design.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsChildren aged 0–35 months.Primary outcomeBCG vaccination coverage.MethodsData from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey were used and a total of 4453 children aged 0–35 months were included. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, cluster and outlier analysis, hotspot analysis, spatial interpolation, and spatial scan statistics were carried out to identify geographical risk areas for BCG vaccine utilisation. ArcGIS V.10.6 and SaTScan V.9.6 statistical software were employed to explore spatial pattern and significant hotspot areas for BCG vaccination among children.ResultsBCG vaccination was spatially clustered in Ethiopia at the regional level (Global Moran’s I=0.516, p<0.001). A total of 51 most likely clusters of low BCG vaccination were identified in the Somali and Afar regions (log-likelihood ratio=136.58, p<0.001). Significant secondary clusters were also identified in North West Gambela, South Amhara, South West Addis Ababa, North East Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region, and South West Oromia.ConclusionA low probability of receiving BCG vaccination was found among children in the Somali and Afar regions. Therefore, these areas should be given attention when designing effective immunisation strategies to improve BCG vaccination among children in order to reduce the burden of tuberculosis in Ethiopia.
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Solomon, Wolde. "Womens perception on technology in relation to enhancing their productivity: The case of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia." International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijsa2016.0726.
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Ejeta, Fikadu, Diriba Feyisa, Oliyad Kebede, Temesgen Aferu, Jafer Siraj, Desalegn Feyissa, Emebet Wodajo, and Alemu Tamiru. "Medication Counseling Practices in Medicine Retail Outlets Found in Bench Sheko Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region, South West Ethiopia." Pragmatic and Observational Research Volume 12 (August 2021): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/por.s322407.
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Asfaw, Mekuria, Maria Zolfo, Nebiyu Negussu, Fantahun Tadesse, Tafese Tadele, Alemayehu Sisay, Dawit Seyum, et al. "Towards the trachoma elimination target in the Southern region of Ethiopia: How well is the SAFE strategy being implemented?" Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 06.1 (June 30, 2020): 3S—9S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11703.
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Introduction: Trachoma is one of the 20 neglected tropical diseases and a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. To reach the WHO elimination target by 2020, SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, Environmental improvement) strategy has been implemented in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPRs), Ethiopia. Scarce evidence exists regarding recent progress in achieving elimination of active trachoma (< 5%) and how well the SAFE strategy implemented.
Methodology: A retrospective analysis of programmatic data in the period 2013-2018 was used. All trachoma endemic districts in SNNPR were included. Data collected from the Federal Ministry of Health on trachoma prevalence and SAFE strategy were analyzed.
Results: Out of 134 endemic districts, only 35 had their planned impact survey, of which only 11 districts achieved the elimination target. Six districts reverted backwards from eliminated status to low (1) or moderate (5) level. The median prevalence of active trachoma in these 35 districts was 10% in 2017/18. In 2017, the mean antibiotic treatment coverage was 90%, but only 56% and 68% of districts implemented and reported on “F” and “E” components, respectively. In the high prevalence districts, only 10% delivered their planned five rounds of Zithromax® mass distribution.
Conclusions: These data showed a lack in planned impact surveys with only a limited number of districts reached the WHO elimination threshold by 2018. Lack of attention on high prevalent districts, and recent reversal of trachoma eliminated districts to moderate or low prevalence levels argue for urgent and prioritized implementation of the SAFE strategy.
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Haile, Biniyam Tadesse, and Yohannes Ejigu Tsehay. "Disparities in Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Utilization among Married Women in Ethiopia: Findings of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2020 (March 6, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3430975.
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Background. Long-acting contraceptive methods, subdermal implants, and intrauterine devices are reliable, safe, and cost-effective family planning methods. However, these methods are not widely used in Ethiopia despite government effort to increase access. The study is aimed at assessing the rate of utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods among married women and associated factors. Method. We analyzed the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset. A total of 2045 married women of reproductive age group, who were using any modern contraceptive method at the time of the survey, were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were computed to characterize the study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Result. The multivariable analyses showed that women educational status, parity, religion, previous history of abortion, desire for more child, and region where the respondents reside were significantly the factors that determine the utilization of long-acting contraceptive. There is a significant regional disparity in long-acting contraceptive utilization. Compared to women residing in Tigray region, those who live in other regions (Afar-Somali, Oromia, Amhara, Benishangul Gumz-Gambela, and Southern Nations Nationalities and People) have low likelihood of using long-acting contraceptive methods. Conclusion. Utilization of long-acting family planning method is low in Ethiopia. There is a significant regional disparity in utilizing these methods. Policy makers should promote culture-sensitive and tailored interventions to improve the utilization of long-acting family planning methods.
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Sivanesan, D., and M. Javed Idrisi. "Data mining techniques for rainfall prediction in the Tepi region of Ethiopia." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 6, no. 2 (July 28, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v6i2.14150.
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Agriculture depends mainly on the rainfall especially in countries like Ethiopia (Africa) as irrigation system is not much in practice. One of the main reasons is because of its natural topography. Though there are many factors that affect the agricultural yield, it is appropriate to consider the main factor rainfall that decides about the food production. The prediction of the rainfall can be done by using different techniques like regression analysis, clustering, artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic. Therefore, the significance of this research is essential for the Tepi region in the south west part of Ethiopia (SNNPR) where agriculture is the main occupation of the people living here. This research is first of its kind conducted in this region, and this paper shows the result related with the rainfall prediction by using LR – Linear Regression technique for the early prediction of the next consecutive three (3) years based on the previous available rainfall data.
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Enbiale, Wendemagegn, Tariku Belachew Baynie, Ashenafie Ayalew, Tekilehayimanot Gebrehiwot, Tesfa Getanew, Alie Ayal, Misganaw Ayalew, et al. "“Stopping the itch”: mass drug administration for scabies outbreak control covered for over nine million people in Ethiopia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 06.1 (June 30, 2020): 28S—35S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11701.
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Introduction: In 2018, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health embarked on a Mass Drug Administration (MDA) campaign that involved over 9 million people in Ethiopia – the largest scabies MDA campaign ever conducted on a global level. We describe its implementation and report on a) numbers screened and identified with scabies, b) treatment category and drug type and c) human resources used, duration, and cost of the campaign.
Methodology: The MDA campaign was conducted according to national guidelines and activities including: planning and organization, engagement of local leaders, community mobilisation and advocacy, awareness-raising among health workers, field implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The campaign was conducted between July and August 2018.
Results: The MDA campaign was implemented by about 15,000 people, mostly from the community, over an average of 6 days and reached 9, 057, 427 people. A total of 875,890 (9.7%) scabies cases were detected and 995,471 (11.0%) contacts received treatment. (Contact-to-case ratio = 1.3). Scabies prevalence varied, the highest prevalence was seen in Central Gondar (39.2%), South Gondar (16.7%) and North Gondar (15.0%), these neighbouring zones contributing more than two third of all scabies cases in the region. Of 1,738,304 (93%) who received treatment, 94% received ivermectin, the rest topical permethrin and sulfur. The average coverage capacity of an MDA campaign staff member was 84 people per day. The total cost was 11,696,333 United States Dollars (USD). Cost per 100,000 population = 129,135 USD.
Conclusions: This experience of rapid-large scale implementation would be useful to scale up similar interventions and “stop the itch” in other regions of Ethiopia.
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Assefa, Fenta. "Status of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), Biology and Control Measures on Maize Crop in Ethiopia: A Review." International Journal of Entomological Research 6, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/entomol.006.02.2498.
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Maize (Zea mays) is one of the main and popular cereal crops due to its high value as stable food as well as its stover demand for animal feed and fuel and even for construction purposes. Despite its current productivity is higher than other major cereal crops, the yield productivity is below its potential. These are due to many biotic and abiotic factors that can contribute to its yield potential of productivity to be below the previous productivity. The Fall Army Worm (FAW) is among the major factors contributing to low productivity currently in Ethiopia from its introduction in February 2017. Now it has covered about 52, 962 hectares in 144 districts in six of the major maize-growing regional states, namely Benishangul-Gumuz, Amhara, Tigray, Gambella, Oromia and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region. FAW, a new devastating insect pest is one of serious major problems for agricultural crop production especially under police family (maize) in Ethiopia under warm and humid conditions. This is due to its ability to breed rapidly, to migrate, and to feed on a wide range of host plants and these make it very difficult to control. Nonetheless, there are several ways of managing the pest reported in other parts of the world that can potentially be adapted and/or validated and used in Ethiopia. Hence, to manage these sporadic pests we have to use different management options. Among those, cultural, chemical, biological and integrated pest management is commonly used in pest infestation. Therefore, this paper initiated with the objective of reviewing the Status of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), Biology and control measures on maize in Ethiopia.
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Tariku, Ayele. "Inter-group conflicts in the horn of Africa: The case of Diz and Suri people, Ethiopia." Human Affairs 28, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2018-0011.
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Abstract The Horn Africa is the region that consists of Ethiopia, Eretria, Djibouti and Somalia. It is also the region where more than 100 languages are spoken. Besides, it is blessed with natural resources and assumed to be the origin of human beings. Yet, it has remained the scene of various types of conflicts. Of the many areas in the horn of Africa which has been prone to such violent conflict, is the Southwest Ethiopia. This paper attempts to investigate the causes and consequences of the conflict between the Dizi and Suri people. It is in particular stress on addressing the political, social and economic dimension of the conflict, looking first at the administration system, state lead development interventions and economic situations. Evidences were collected from archival sources, field observation and interviews (at six parishes in Maji, Bero and Surma districts) between January and August 2014. It would be factual to argue that the conflict between the Dizi and Suri people in southwest Ethiopia was mainly caused by competition over the natural resources. Until the 1940s, the conflict was merely a local issue which had been mostly resolved through elder’s mediation.
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Martínez, Elisa. "Invisible in plain sight: A reflection on the potential and perils of an action research study of “positive deviants”." Action Research 15, no. 1 (March 2017): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476750317700477.
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“ Unearthing local forms of child protection: Positive deviance and abduction in Ethiopia” offers a candid reflection on the learning journey begun with women from Ethiopia’s SNNP region, to understand and prevent the forcible abduction and marriage of young girls in their community. Deploying positive deviance within an action research approach, the paper challenges development discourses and practices where “technical experts” define, diagnose and (mis)direct the lives of people living in the global South. Remaining as a challenge to practitioners and young girls is that deviation can easily be shut down once rendered legible to dominant interests, and that solutions that work locally may sidestep and legitimize a problem’s systemic causes.
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Letta, Taye, Amsalu Feleke, and Lemma Derseh. "Assessment of Violence and Associated Factors among Rural High School Female Students, in Hadiya Zone, Southern Nation and Nationalities Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia, 2013." OALib 01, no. 03 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100659.
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Tekleyohannes, Belachew. "Assessment of Household Waste Management and Hygienic Practice in Yirgalem Town, Dale Woreda, Sidama Zone, South Nation Nationalities and Peoples of Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Health and Environmental Research 5, no. 2 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190502.12.
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Temesgen, Nigussie, and Abebe Haile. "Determinants of Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: With Particular Reference to Anelmoworeda, Hadiya Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region." Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 4, no. 2 (2017): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.512.2017.42.45.57.
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Sisay, Malede Mequanent, Tesfahun Taddege Geremew, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Asaye Tariku Alem, Desalew Kassahun Beyene, Melkitu Fentie Melak, Kassahun Alemu Gelaye, Tadesse Awoke Ayele, and Asrat Atsedeweyn Andargie. "Spatial patterns and determinants of postnatal care use in Ethiopia: findings from the 2016 demographic and health survey." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e025066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025066.
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ObjectivePostnatal care (PNC) is essential for preventing maternal and newborn deaths; however, it still remains less well recognised in low-income and middle-income countries. This study was aimed to explore geographical patterns and identify the determinants of PNC usage among women aged 15–49 years in Ethiopia.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. A total of 7193 women were included in this analysis. We employed spatial scan statistics to detect spatial inequalities of PNC usage among women. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with women’s PNC.ResultsThe prevalence of PNC usage among women was 6.9% (95% CI 6.3% to 7.5%). The SaTScan spatial analysis identified three most likely clusters with low rates of PNC use namely southwestern Ethiopia (log likelihood ratio (LLR)=18.07, p<0.0001), southeast Ethiopia (LLR=14.29, p<0.001) and eastern Ethiopia (LLR=10.18, p=0.024). Women with no education (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR)=0.55, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.84) and in the poorest wealth quantile (AOR=0.55, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.78) were less likely to use PNC, while women aged 35–49 years (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.04) and with at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.71 to 3.29) were more likely to use PNC.ConclusionPNC usage remains a public health problem and has spatial variations at regional levels in the country. Low prevalence of PNC was detected in the Somali, Oromia, Gambella and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) regions. Women with low educational status, old age, being in poorest wealth quantile and history of ANC visits were significantly associated with PNC usage. Hence, it is better to strengthen maternal health programmes that give special emphasis on health promotion with a continuum of care during pregnancy.