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Paul, Japheth Ajit, and Japheth Ajit Paul. "Indian Unrest." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626705.
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A double standard has permeated all of Indian society throughout its history. Persecution is part of everyday life though routinely ignored. This abuse of power has led to identity-based politics, which harms members of non-dominant groups. My work is an expression of my personal experiences within the social and cultural landscape of India. I externalize this embodied experience through text, video, and ambient sound creating an environment of the pressures of the expectations of others. The videos follow the cycles of my thought and open up an examination of culture and society. To enter the space is to enter a mindscape and see Indian society through the eyes of its own alienated citizenry.
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Peterson, Tanya Art College of Fine Arts UNSW. "States of unrest: photography and trauma." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Art, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43761.
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States of Unrest: Photography and Trauma is an interdisciplinary study of the dialectic between photography and trauma. It examines the relationship between photography and affect, read primarily through current trauma theory and contemporary photographic discourse. The study explores trauma??s mnemonic processes and symptoms and their structural similarities to photography??s modes of registration and representation. The framework of the study is developed through a close reading of three different manifestations of war-related images as a way of considering the language, circulation, and impact of traumatic images. It considers this field, firstly, in terms of the function of domestic photography produced during the time of World War II; secondly, in relation to photographic documentation of the Vietnam War; and thirdly, through imagery made in response to the ongoing war in Afghanistan. It examines the relationship between photography and trauma in terms of theories of absence and presence, ultimately arguing in favour of a model of understanding based on a surplus economy of meaning, as opposed to a framing of absence. The overall research findings were presented as a thesis comprising of a written study and an exhibition of photographic and sculptural work.
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Hill, Judith. "Poverty, unrest and the response in Surrey." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2006. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/poverty-unrest-and-the-response-in-surrey(9c5a8757-5393-49a0-a525-8c53c6d82e09).html.
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The organisation of this thesis is thematic, in order to disentangle the complexity and significance of the poor laws in a local area. It is a local study of poverty and the operation of the poor laws. The aim of this detailed survey is to consider the role of poor law administration in Surrey within the national context, and by examining the operation of the poor law at the parish level, to understand the experiences of real people, both ratepayer and the poor. The thesis also considers whether the old poor law was fundamentally defective or whether it can be viewed as a valid response to increasing poverty. It stresses, the relationship between the central and local authorities and the administration of poor relief in rural Surrey outside the Metropolitan area and the hundred of Brixton, Wallington and Kingston for the period 1815–1834 (see Map 1.0). It recognises that before 1834, variety rather than uniformity characterised the administration of poor relief in England and Wales. It also argues, that power and authority, within the English state was the product of negotiation between the centre and the localities. Chapter One deals with the historiography of the old poor law and chapter Two considers the decline of rural industry in Surrey, coupled with continuing economic problems in agriculture and falling demand for labour, which had a devastating effect in rural parishes. Chapter Three details the administrative system of poor relief during a period that saw costs of relief rise, while Chapter Four examines the operation of the relief system at parish level outside the workhouse. Chapter Five examines the provision of indoor relief in Surrey, and Chapter Six considers the position of the ratepayers and their ability and willingness to pay increased poor rates, at a time of agricultural depression combined with rising unemployment. Chapter Seven considers the position of the labourer, when endemic poverty meant that a labourer’s ability to provide for his family without asking the parish for assistance was more a matter of luck than personal industry. Seasonal unemployment exacerbated the situation, forcing farm workers on to the parish for assistance, especially in winter months. Chapter Eight considers the unrest of 1830–32, the so-called Swing Riots. Many studies of poor law only make fleeting reference to the riots. This study sees the disturbances as an integral part of the work and includes a detailed investigation into the riots within the social and cultural context. In Surrey, as in other parts of rural southern England, they took place against the background of the progressive pauperisation of labourers, when parishes were finding it more difficult to provide relief for the growing numbers of unemployed, able-bodied agricultural labourers. Labourers saw the riots as a rising against unemployment and the abuses of the poor law system that seemed unable to provide sufficient relief for their needs. The thesis ends by examining the reaction of the parishes immediately after the riots before the introduction of the 1834 poor law, when attempts were made at parish level to alleviate the situation and to stop further unrest.
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Hickey, James. "Constraining volcanic unrest with integrated geodetic modelling." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683904.
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A comprehensive understanding of the origin, nature, and significance of volcanic unrest is currently missing, but of fundamental imp0l1ance to communities living with the threat of volcanic hazards. My thesis addresses this shortcoming from a volcanic deformation angle. By incorporating a range of multi-disciplinary data, I have developed new integrated models of volcanic deformation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) that are suitable for use in both forward and inverse modelling approaches. They are consistent with independent geophysical observables and provide detailed insight on volcanic processes during unrest crises. I have applied these models to three volcanoes. A study of Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia, highlighted the importance of subsurface structure and time-dependent source processes in explaining both the spatial and temporal deformation patterns. The combined results alluded to a diapiric-type ascent of magma. At Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador, I used novel inversion models employing FEA to elucidate the location and volume of a magmatic intrusion during an aseismic, and non-eruptive, unrest episode. The models also provided insights into observable signals that could be associated with future intrusive or eruptive activity. My analysis of the persistent inflation at Aira caldera, Japan, during an ongoing emptive phase at Sakurajima volcano, used inverse Finite Element models to, for the first time, quantify the statistical significance of including topography and subsurface heterogeneity in deformation models. Additional models results were used to identify the rate, timing, volume, location and mechanism of magma supply, as well as the timescales that could be associated with increases in future eruptive activity. Together, these results highlight how models with more plausible, and geophysically consistent, components can improve our understanding of the mechanical processes affecting volcanic unrest and geodetic eruption precursors. They provide a framework to help advance emption forecasting and risk mitigation.
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Albert, Mínguez Helena. "Processes, time scales and unrest of monogenetic volcanism." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334689.
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Seismic, deformation, and gas activity (unrest) typically precedes volcanic eruptions. Successful volcanic event forecasting depends on the quality of the surveillance network for detecting any changes in volcano behaviour. To interpret the geochemical and geophysical precursors correctly it is important to understand the volcanic processes that occur prior and during volcanic eruptions. Detailed knowledge of the volcano internal structure, the rheology of the magmas, the time scales of the processes occurring at depth and the characteristics of past unrest episodes, must be combined with an adequate monitoring network to improve the volcanic hazard forecast. However, these aspects have received little attention in monogenetic volcanoes.
The aim of my PhD Thesis is to improve our understanding on monogenetic volcanism, its causes and dynamics, and to help anticipating the volcanic activity. I have focused on three main aspects of this problem. The first one is the calculation of the rheological properties of magmas during mixing. The second aspect I have addressed are the processes and time scales that lead to monogenetic eruptions with the aim to better interpret volcanic unrest and improve eruption forecasts. Finally, I have investigated the seismic unrest periods of historical monogenetic eruptions from a compilation of historical accounts worldwide. The results provide a conceptual framework for better anticipating monogenetic eruptions and should lead to improved strategies for mitigation of their associated hazards and risks.<br>Las erupciones volcánicas están generalmente precedidas por la actividad sísmica, la deformación y la desgasificación (unrest). El éxito en la predicción del evento volcánico depende de la calidad de la red de vigilancia para detectar cualquier cambio en el comportamiento del volcán. Para interpretar los precursores geoquímicos y geofísicos correctamente es importante entender los procesos volcánicos que ocurren antes y durante las erupciones volcánicas. El conocimiento en detalle de la estructura interna del volcán, la reología de los magmas, las escalas de tiempo de los procesos que ocurren en profundidad y las características de los episodios pasados de unrest, debe combinarse con una red de vigilancia adecuada para mejorar el pronóstico de los eventos volcánicos. Sin embargo, estos aspectos han recibido poca atención en los volcanes monogenéticos.
El objetivo de mi tesis doctoral es mejorar nuestra comprensión sobre el vulcanismo monogenético, sus causas y su dinámica, con el objetivo de mejorar la posibilidad de anticiparse a la actividad volcánica. Me he centrado en tres aspectos principales de este problema. El primero es el cálculo de las propiedades reológicas de los magmas durante los eventos de mezcla. El segundo aspecto es el estudio de los procesos, junto con sus escalas temporales, que llevan a erupciones monogenéticas con el fin de interpretar mejor la actividad volcánica y mejorar los pronósticos de una erupción. Por último, he investigado los períodos de unrest sísmico de erupciones monogenéticas históricas en todo el mundo mediante una compilación de documentos históricos. Los resultados proporcionan un marco conceptual que permite mejorar la predicción de erupciones monogenéticas y deberían conducir a mejores estrategias para mitigar sus peligros y riesgos asociados.
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Oakes, Amy C. "States in crisis how governments respond to domestic unrest /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141660456.
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de, Leon Justin. "PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT AND PHILIPPINE MUSLIM UNREST." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4217.
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Muslim culture and society has been a part of the Philippine islands in spite of nearly ninety-five percent of the population being Christian (a majority Catholic), yet did not become a separatist movement until the 1970's. Since then, the two main separatist groups the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) have been battling the Philippine government. The parties entered truces in 1996 and 2001, yet there has been a cycle of violence continues. The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), linked to Al Qaeda, emerged in 1990 and has launched many attacks on the Christian Philippine majority. The prolonged Muslim unrest in the ARMM has left thousands dead and hundreds of thousands displaced. The main objective of this research paper is to examine Philippine economic and political development and its impact on Philippine Muslim unrest. This paper presents a critical analysis of the economic and political development and Philippine Muslim unrest by examining six major features of the Philippines; they are: The historical evolution, economic development, political development, socio-cultural setting, geographic setting, and the quality of life of the Filipino people. This research also examines Fareed Zakaria's illiberal democracies theory, liberal institutionalism, and the Marxist theory of class revolution and primarily relies on research conducted at the University of the Philippines and from Philippine and Asian scholars. By taking a holistic comprehensive approach and by using international relations theory, this research fills two gaps in the literature about Philippine Muslim unrest. The research concludes with a look at future challenges, both short term and long term that face the country, as well as, possible future scenarios. The findings of this research are that the economic and political development and the historical evolution, though major contributory factors, are not the sole reason for the prolonged Philippine Muslim unrest. The most pervasive causal factor to Muslim unrest was the socio-cultural setting. Because of the all-pervasive nature of culture; at first glance, the socio-cultural setting was not a major apparent cause. At almost all times examined throughout this research, certain cultural tendencies guided decisions and altered the course of events more so than any other single variable. Corruption, crony capitalism, patrimonialism, and irrational institutions all stem from the tendencies of Philippine culture must be addressed to find lasting peace in the country. A move toward rational legal institutions and liberal constitutionalism, will lead the way to the creation of a liberal democracy and break the cycle of violence occurring in the Philippines.<br>M.A.<br>Department of Political Science<br>Sciences<br>Political Science MA
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Mbillah, Johnson Apenad. "The causes of present day Muslim unrest in Ghana." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365099.
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Smart, Sally-Anne. "Modelling South African social unrest between 1997 and 2016." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72929.
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Social unrest, terrorism and other forms of political violence events are highly unpredictable. These events are driven by human intent and intelligence, both of which are extremely difficult to model accurately. This has resulted in a scarcity of insurance products that cover these types of perils. Links have been found between the incidence of political violence and various economic and socioeconomic variables, but to date no relationships have been identified in South Africa. The aim of this study was to address this. Firstly, by identifying relationships between the incidence of social unrest events and economic and socio-economic variables in South Africa and secondly by using these interactions to model social unrest. Spearman’s rank correlation and trendline analysis were used to compare the direction and strength of the relationships that exist between protests and the economic and socio-economic variables. To gain additional insight with regards to South African protests, daily, monthly, quarterly and annual protest models were created. This was done using four different modelling techniques, namely univariate time series, linear regression, lagged regression and the VAR (1) model. The forecasting abilities of the models were analysed using both a one-step and n-step forecasting procedure. Variations in relationships for different types of protests were also considered for five different subcategories.
Spearman’s rank correlation and trendline analysis showed that the relationships between protests and economic and socio-economic variables were sensitive to changes in data frequency and the use of either national or provincial data. The daily, monthly, quarterly and annual models all had power in explaining the variation that was observed in the protest data. The annual univariate model had the highest explanatory power (R2 = 0.8721) this was followed by the quarterly VAR (1) model (R2 = 0.8659), while the monthly lagged regression model had a R2 of 0.8138. The one-step forecasting procedure found that the monthly lagged regression model outperformed the monthly VAR (1) model in the short term. The converse was seen for the short-term performance of the quarterly models. In the long term, the VAR (1) model outperformed the other models. Limitations were identified within the lagged regression model’s forecasting abilities. As a model’s long-term forecasting ability is important in the insurance world, the VAR (1) model was deemed as the best modelling technique for South African social unrest. Further model limitations were identified when the subcategories of protests were considered. This study demonstrates that with the use of the applicable economic and socio-economic variables, social unrest events in South Africa can be modelled.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019.<br>Absa Chair in Actuarial Science (UP)<br>South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) Risk Research Platform, under coordination of the North-West University (NWU)<br>Insurance and Actuarial Science<br>MSc Actuarial Mathematics<br>Unrestricted
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Smith, Justin P. "The Attlee and Churchill administrations and industrial unrest, 1945-55." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13833.
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This study looks at the governments' handling of industrial unrest in the decade following the end of the Second World War. The period encompasses both the Attlee administrations of 1945-51 and the post-war Churchill government of the early 1950's. The period of 1945-55 was characterised by a relatively low level of strike activity. Nevertheless, a number of large scale, unofficial strikes broke out, especially on the docks which caused severe economic dislocation. In the first part of this study I focus on the re-establishment of an emergencies supply organisation after 1945 and on the use by the Attlee governments of the traditional strike-breaking instruments of the armed forces and civilian volunteers. I examine the role of the law in industrial disputes of the period and I analyse the pressure brought to bear on unofficial strikers through the withholding of state benefits. I also look at the attempts by the government to exert control over the coverage of disputes by the BBC. The study is placed in the economic context of the period and an analysis is also made of the effect of the Cold War on the government's attitude to strikes. In the second part I look at the return of a Conservative administration, pledged to following a policy of industrial conciliation after the bitterness of the interwar years. By looking at the period as a whole I am able to draw a comparison between the Attlee and Churchill administrations, to ascertain to what extent the consensus in economic policy was mirrored by a consensus in the industrial sphere.
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Morrison, N. J. "Official responses to industrial unrest in post-war Britain 1919-1921." Thesis, Swansea University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378825.
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Adams, Anthony John. "Working class organisation, industrial relations and the labour unrest, 1914-1921." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35531.
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This study assesses the impact of the years 1914 to 1921 on British labour organisation and industrial relations. By combining local studies with national sources the thesis provides a measure of corrective to the 'view from the centre' approach to twentieth-century labour history and a new perspective from which to view the period. In Section I comparative studies of Sheffield, Pontypridd and Liverpool offer explanations for regional differences in the development of labour organisation. These local studies focus upon the consolidation of labour forces and the dimensions, timing and explanation of Labour's fluctuating electoral fortunes. A second Section considers the changing power relationships between officers, activists and membership in the Co-operative Union, National Union of Railwaymen, Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen and the South Wales Miners' Federation. A re-evaluation of the role of labour leadership contributes to a critical appraisal of 'rank and filist' interpretations of labour history. In studies of the railway and mining industries it is argued that the centralisation of industrial relations was not simply imposed upon labour by employers and the state. Trade unions played a larger and more positive role in the development of a centralised industrial relations system in these industries than is generally acknowledged. The thesis concludes with a contribution to the current debate between the'revolutionary' or 'rank and filist' school and its critics in thefollowing areas: the causation of labour unrest; the nature of state intervention; the character of labour leadership and the causes andtiming of the rise of labour.
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Zambezi, Samantha. "Predicting social unrest events in South Africa using LSTM neural networks." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33986.
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This thesis demonstrates an approach to predict the count of social unrest events in South Africa. A comparison is made between traditional forecasting approaches and neural networks; the traditional forecast method selected being the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA model). The type of neural network implemented was the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network. The basic theoretical concepts of ARIMA and LSTM neural networks are explained and subsequently, the patterns of the social unrest time series were analysed using time series exploratory techniques. The social unrest time series contained a significant number of irregular fluctuations with a non-linear trend. The structure of the social unrest time series suggested that traditional linear approaches would fail to model the non-linear behaviour of the time series. This thesis confirms this finding. Twelve experiments were conducted, and in these experiments, features, scaling procedures and model configurations are varied (i.e. univariate and multivariate models). Multivariate LSTM achieved the lowest forecast errors and performance improved as more explanatory features were introduced. The ARIMA model's performance deteriorated with added complexity and the univariate ARIMA produced lower forecast errors compared to the multivariate ARIMA. In conclusion, it can be claimed that multivariate LSTM neural networks are useful for predicting social unrest events.
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Damodaran, Vinita. "Unfilled promises : popular protest, the Congress and the national movement in Bihar, 1937-46." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272730.
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Mercier, David. "A Quantitative Analysis of a Non-Eruptive Volcanic Event: Mt. Spurr, Alaska, 2002-2006." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56620.
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Mt. Spurr is a volcano in proximity to Anchorage, Alaska and major airline routes making an eruption or episode of unrest potentially hazardous. Between 2004 and 2006, Mt. Spurr underwent such an episode of unrest involving increased seismic activity, CO2 emissions, ice melting, and debris flows, which was likely forecasted by the increased seismicity of Oct 2002. The timeline of events provide data to construct a model analyzing the thermal energy release and constraining subsurface magmatic and hydrothermal processes during the period of unrest. The results show that the ice cauldron formation and the increase of meltwater temperature could not have been caused by the observed CO2 release alone and suggest that enhanced hydrothermal heat transfer related to increased CO2 output could provide the thermal power necessary to drive the melting event. Scaling hydrothermal convection in terms of its Rayleigh number and using boundary layer analysis suggests that the mean permeability of the volcanic edifice prior to the unrest event was ~10-14 m2. CO2 release, most likely related to mechanical fracturing of the edifice by over-pressurized fluids at depth and signaled by increased seismicity likely enhanced the hydrothermal Rayleigh number and heat output by a combination of heating and increased permeability.<br>Master of Science
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Deters, Matthew J. "Preventing Violent Unrest: Student Protest at the University of Toledo, 1965-1972." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1270585177.
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Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Toledo, 2010.<br>Typescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Education Degree in Higher Education." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 96-109.
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Waugh-Benton, Monica. "Strike Fever: Labor Unrest, Civil Rights and the Left in Atlanta, 1972." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07282006-153554/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.<br>1 electronic text (136 p.) : digital, PDF file. Title from title screen. Clifford Kuhn, committee chair; Ian C. Fletcher, committee member. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-136).
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Pringle, Timothy Edward. "The All China Federation of Trade Unions : the challenge of labour unrest." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3187/.
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This thesis sets out to investigate the possibility that the All China Federation of Trade Unions is capable of reform in the face of the development of capitalist employment relations. The thesis is centred on the examination of hitherto under-researched areas of ACFTU activity by researching the motivations, conditions and actors involved in three local-level pilot projects: collective bargaining, a trade union rights centre and enterprise-level trade union elections. The fieldwork is contextualised by historical summaries of the development of China‟s industrial relations and Party and trade union responses to labour unrest in both the state and private sectors since the establishment of the People‟s Republic in 1949. The results of my research demonstrate that it is no longer appropriate to refer to the ACFTU as a monolithic organisation. Furthermore, my argument departs from mainstream views of the organisation by locating the impetus for trade union reform in the challenge of increasingly sophisticated labour militancy from below, rather than reacting to orders from above. I conclude that while the pilot projects studied each have their own merits and qualifications, taken as a whole they prove that the ACFTU is capable of gradual reform from below. In the light of the improved relations between the ACFTU and the International Trade Union Confederation, this thesis speaks to this fact and aims to contribute to future engagements by expanding the knowledge on which dialogue and trade union exchanges must be based if they are to have any chance of success.
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Jacquin, M. C. "Narrative unrest : the politics of narrative in women artists' film and video." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1396991/.
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This dissertation examines the politics of narrative in women artists’ film and video. It investigates not only how narrative was and is used as a powerful instrument to offer counter-discourses to those sanctioned by the dominant culture, but also how narrative forms themselves can be invested with political significance. Starting in the 1960s, the supposed neutrality of narrative forms came under sustained attack, particularly by post-structuralist thinkers such as Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault and Julia Kristeva. Their political critique of narrative quickly found its way into the work of experimental film and video makers, whose responses ranged from total rejection to partial and conflicted acceptance. Part One of this thesis seeks to understand the various ways in which narrative was reshaped in the work of women filmmakers and video artists from the 1970s and 1980s – who, I argue, could not do away with narrative as easily as men. It focuses on the independent scene in Britain, revealing the impact of feminist theory and the women’s movement on the ‘return to narrative’ in British avant-garde film and video, and the major contribution of women artists to the deconstruction and refashioning of narrative forms. It also proposes detailed analyses of particular narrative strategies, as found in the work of Laura Mulvey, Lis Rhodes, Tina Keane and Zoe Redman, among others. Part Two brings the question of the politics of narrative into the twenty-first century through an in-depth discussion of three contemporary video installations by Chantal Akerman, Eija-Liisa Ahtila, and Catherine Sullivan. It shows how the narrative strategies deployed by an older generation of film and video makers have been re-articulated in new ways in these works, and proposes new terms to understand the use, meaning, and political resonance of narrative in contemporary film and video: Porous, Schizophrenic and Contagious.
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Platts-Fowler, Deborah. "'Beyond the riots' : policing in partnership to prevent and contain urban unrest." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16063/.
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For four days in August 2011 there were widespread public disturbances in 66 locations across the country. Known as the ‘2011 English Riots’, they were estimated to have involved 15,000 participants, cost half a billion pounds and were associated with five deaths (Bridges 2012). The Prime Minister described them as ‘criminality, pure and simple’ (Cameron 2011). Consequently, there was no major official inquiry. An academic literature emerged, but this was theoretically driven and London-centric. The lack of an empirical evidence-base provided the rationale for this study. The aims were to understand why the riots occurred in some places outside London, but not others; to explore the role of police and partners in preventing and containing unrest; and, recognising that policing rarely takes place in a vacuum, to identify other contextual factors undermining and promoting social order at local levels. The case study method was selected for its ability to capture context. Cases included a riot affected city and an ‘at risk’ city, which were characteristically similar, to support a compare and contrast approach. Neighbourhood 'sub-cases' were used as a methodological tool to access community-level variables. The study drew on quantitative and qualitative data, but was primarily based on 45 interviews with police and partners involved in the public order response or working with affected communities. The study found that inequality, exclusion and poor treatment of communities provided motivation for rioting. However, the activities of police and partners were able to prevent and contain unrest. The involvement of neighbourhood police officers and practitioners in the main public order response offered greater chance of success, due to their local knowledge and rapport, but was dependent on pre-existing partnerships and the mind-set of police commanders. Informal social controls, underpinned by community attachment, played an important role in inhibiting violence, especially where supported by formal controls.
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Metinsoy, Saliha. "Political unrest under IMF programmes : labour mobility, fiscal conditionality, and democratic representation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:045b1d24-e37a-4232-8e4d-39c038c799c4.
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What triggers political unrest under International Monetary Fund (IMF) programmes? Why do we see unrest - protests, strikes, and riots - in some countries under IMF programmes and not in others? This thesis argues that IMF labour conditionality in an immobile labour market compounded by intrusive fiscal conditionality and blocked democratic channels result in unrest. Where labour is immobile in the borrowing country, IMF labour conditionality decentralising the market creates large-scale grievances among the labour groups. Immobile labour groups substantially lose income and benefits under those measures due to high wage differentials and varied labour protection measures across sectors. Moreover, uncertainty and risks increase, while the opportunities to return back to employment or to maintain the existing income and benefits diminish. When the political authority is unable to address the rising grievances due to tight fiscal conditionality and blocked democratic channels, we observe political unrest under IMF programmes. Where labour is mobile, on the other hand, it is easier for workers to switch between sectors and jobs when the economic crisis hits their sector. The labour groups respond to the internal crisis and the external impact by increasing mobility and switching to the sectors that are still growing despite the crisis. Labour conditions do not give rise to a similar degree of uncertainty and risks compared to immobile markets. Hence, programmes are implemented without large-scale unrest. The study tests this theory in a global sample of 117 countries between 1970 and 2013 and investigates the impact of mobility and IMF conditionality on unrest with a data set originally compiled and coded for this study. It then delves into two extreme cases, Greece, 2010 and Turkey, 2001. While Greece had extreme immobility and received intrusive labour and fiscal conditionality in 2010, Turkey is located on the opposite end of the spectrum, with very high levels of mobility, the limited number of labour conditions, and greater fiscal space. We see that while Greece witnessed large-scale unrest in 2010, Turkey implemented the programme smoothly. Finally, the study applies the theory into three shadow cases, Ireland, 2010, Latvia, 2008, and Portugal, 2011 and demonstrates that the varied degrees of mobility and conditionality and fiscal conditionality result in different degrees of unrest.
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Bryan, Joshua Joe. "Portland, Oregon's Long Hot Summers: Racial Unrest and Public Response, 1967-1969." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/995.
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The struggles for racial equality throughout northern cities during the late-1960s, while not nearly as prevalent within historical scholarship as those pertaining to the Deep South, have left an indelible mark on both the individuals and communities involved. Historians have until recently thought of the civil rights movement in the north as a violent betrayal of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s vision of an inclusive and integrated society, as well as coinciding with the rise, and subsequent decline, of Black Power. But despite such suppositions, the experiences of northern cities immersed in the civil rights struggle were far more varied and nuanced.
The explosion of racial violence throughout American cities in the late-1960s bred fear among many in the white political establishment who viewed the cultural shifts inherent in racial equality as threatening to undermine their traditional racial dominance. Partially the result of feelings of increased powerlessness, and partially in an effort of self-preservation, many in the ranks of government and law enforcement worked to oppose the seismic changes underfoot. This thesis makes a concerted effort to examine and evaluate the role that race played in the Albina community of Portland, Oregon in the late-1960s, with a particular emphasis on the motivations, impact, and legacy of two racial disturbances that occurred there in the summers of 1967 and 1969. It asserts that while racial prejudice and bigotry were certainly prevalent among members of both the city's political and law enforcement community, and did play a significant role in the deterioration of their relationship with the black community, there were many other factors that also contributed to the police-community discord in late-1960s Albina. Moreover, it asserts that the reactions of the white and African-American communities to the disturbances were, contrary to conventional wisdom, not monolithic, but rather diverse and wide-ranging.
The goal of this narrative history is not merely to analyze the racial unrest and public response to the disturbances, but also to integrate and link the experiences of Portland's African-Americans into the broader dialogue of the civil rights movement of the late-1960s. In short, the study of late-1960s Portland allows us to reach a greater understanding of racial inequality in America during this period.
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Barton, David J. "Frequency-magnitude distribution and spatial fractal dimension of seismicity at The Geysers geothermal area and Long Valley Caldera, California." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5046/.
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Although there is no obvious reason why seismic 6-value and the spatial fractal dimension of earthquakes, D, should be related, there are several reports of observed empirical correlations between these two quantities. In order to investigate this phenomenon, and attempt to relate it to different types of earthquakes, industrially induced seismicity in The Geysers geothermal area, California and earthquake swarms in Long Valley caldera, California were analysed. Raw seismograms from the Unocal-NEC-Thermal network in The Geysers were processed automatically, calculating magnitudes from coda lengths and locating them using a three-dimensional velocity model. Seismicity correlated with the locations of commercial wells and surface fault locations. The entire Geysers dataset was too complex for clear correlations between b, D, seismicity and injection to be observed. In several cases, short pulses of injection induced bursts of seismicity of either small-magnitude, clustered events or large-magnitude diffuse seismicity, resulting always in a transient anomaly of negative b/D. However, sometimes pulses of injection were not accompanied by b/D transients and sometimes b/D transients were not accompanied by known injection. The latter cases may or may not indicate undisclosed injection activity. A seismic crisis in Long Valley caldera was associated with major b/D anomalies that accompanied migration of the activity from a hydrothermal zone on the south edge of the resurgent dome to the right-lateral, blind, near-vertical South Moat fault to the immediate south. The results indicated that the hydrothermal zone is an inhomogeneous structure whereas the South Moat has a mature, coherent fault plane, capable of generating magnitude M = 6 earthquakes and posing a threat to the town of Mammoth Lakes.
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Willis, Michael Anthony. "Relative deprivation and political conflict : a Northern Irish case study." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302764.
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Morton, Peter Charles Francis. "Refiguring the Sicilian Slave Wars : from servile unrest to civic disquiet and social disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9937.
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This study argues that the so-called Sicilian Slave Wars are best understood as two differing instances of civic disquiet, social disorder and provincial revolt in Sicily, rather than as slave wars. Both events are reconnected to their Sicilian context geographically, politically and socially, and shown to have arisen from those contexts. This thesis is demonstrated in seven chapters. Chapter I reassesses the principle evidence for the kingdom established by the rebels in the first war: their numismatic issues. This evidence is best understood in the context of contemporary Sicilian numismatics and emphasises the Sicilian nature of the uprising. It is argued that the insurgency was contingent on the support of certain parts of the (free) Sicilian populace. Chapter II presents a reinterpretation of Diodorus’ text from a narratological point of view. The text is shown to be highly rhetorical and constructed with a view to demonise the leaders of the first war, Eunus and Cleon, through reference to Hellenistic stereotypes of femininity, cowardliness, magic and banditry. Chapter III argues that Diodorus’ explanation of the origin of the war is anachronistic and shows evidence of narratorial intervention and invention, thereby rendering his interpretation unreliable. Chapter IV considers Cicero’s Verrine Orations and shows that his engagement with the two wars in the text cannot be used as a reliable indicator of historical fact because of the text’s continual engagement with history. Chapter V argues that the two leaders of the so-called Second Slave War, Salvius/Tryphon and Athenion, were described using the same matrix of ideas that were present for Eunus and Kleon, for the same rhetorical and narratological effect. Chapter VI analyses Diodorus’ narrative of the origin of the war, and shows that Diodorus only provides a chronology of coincidental events, and beyond a single connective narrative line, demonstrates no connection between these events. Finally, Chapter VII suggests that the best context in which to understand this war is that of a general breakdown of social order on Sicily at the end of the second century B.C. caused by internal political problems in the cities of Sicily. Further, the insurgency led by Salvius/Tryphon and Athenion is shown to be only part of a broader crisis on Sicily that stretched from 106-93 B.C., part of an extended stasis for the island. In sum, I argue that the events typically referred to as the Sicilian Slave Wars are better understood through a focus on the historical contexts provided by the Hellenistic milieu in which the wars arose and the development of the Roman provincial system – rather than through the (preconceived) lens of slavery: instead of servile unrest, there was civic disquiet, social disorder and provincial revolt on Sicily in the 2nd century BC.
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Greenberg, Daniel Joseph. ""The Dictatorship of the Chimneys" : sugar, politics and agrarian unrest in Tucuman, Argentina /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/15499.
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Shortsleeve, Kevin. "The Politics of Nonsense : Civil Unrest, Otherness and National Mythology in Nonsense Literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504010.
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Tiedemann, Rolf Gerhard. "Rural unrest in North China 1868-1900 : with particular reference to South Shandong." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300098.
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Young, Gareth James. "Housing tenure and urban unrest : responding to contemporary rioting through housing-related mechanisms." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18335/.
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In 2011 England experienced the worst outbreak of urban unrest in a generation (Newburn, 2015). The cost to the public purse was significant, lives were lost and property destroyed. Immediate political pronouncements and media coverage reporting the disorder painted a picture of lawlessness and anarchy. The focus of responses from political figures and in mainstream media was on the declining moral and respect of those involved (Flint & Powell, 2012). The day before the riots the Department for Communities and Local Government launched a consultation seeking views on extending the powers of possession to social housing providers to make the process of eviction easier and more flexible. This consultation was updated on the 10 August 2011; just four days after the riots had begun, to reflect the disorder. Within this consultation a question was added as to whether more eviction powers needed to be given to housing providers to deal with situations such as riots. Despite vociferous contestation from organisations such as Shelter, the proposals passed into legislation under the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act (2014). To this day there remains little evidence about the actual housing tenure of the rioters. Very little has since been discussed about the use of housing-related mechanisms as a suitable way of dealing with urban unrest. Housing has remained relatively elusive in the discussion about the riots despite new powers of possession specifically geared towards social housing tenants as a result of the 2011 disorders. This study seeks to address this gap. The exploration of the housing-urban disorder nexus is the thread running through this thesis, and it examines how the responses to the riots demonstrates contemporary rationalities for governing marginal populations and explores the apparent shift towards a more punitive society. Empirical data has been collected from 30 frontline practitioners working in housing, behaviour control and policing roles. These practitioners work in cities across England for organisations of various scales. Establishing a practitioner view was important, as these are the actors who sit between national level policy frameworks and the tenants whose day-to-day lives are governed (to a certain extent) by housing management practice. The aim of this study is to explore and attempt to understand from the perspective of one-the-ground officers and authorities why such a housing-related response to the disorders materialised, to what degree it is believed that these mechanisms are appropriate and a useful part of the behaviour-control arsenal and what, if anything, this might change for the future of governing populations.
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Brooks, Andrew. "The Price of Labor Peace: Popular Unrest and the National Labor Relations Act." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/10.
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The National Labor Relations Act stands as one of the most influential pieces of labor legislation in the history of the United States. The Act defines the rights and responsibilities of both employers and employees. Furthermore, the National Labor Relations Act makes the State into the chief judicial body regarding labor disputes through the National Labor Relations Board. Chiefly concerned with the circumstances that led to the passage and affected the shaping of the Act, factors such as Communist organizing, racial politics of the Deep South, and internal division within the labor movement in the 1920s are examined. Specific case studies include the Auto-Lite Strike in Toledo, Ohio (1934), the Minneapolis Teamster Strike (1934), and the West Coast Longshoremen Strike (1934).
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Landry, Laura (Laura Beth) Carleton University Dissertation Law. "Law and labour unrest in Ontario's textile industry; Cornwall, 1936 and Peterborough, 1937." Ottawa.:, 1995.
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Lai, Shin-Yuan. "The politics of state-labour relations in Taiwan, 1949-1989 : from passivity to unrest." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333443.
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Fazio, Marco. "Dynamic laboratory simulations of fluid-rock coupling with application to volcano seismicity and unrest." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dynamic-laboratory-simulations-of-fluidrock-coupling-with-application-to-volcano-seismicity-and-unrest(98a7274f-1599-469d-8431-ff547e4af511).html.
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Pore fluids play a key role in how crustal rocks deform, particularly in a volcanic environment where fluids span a wide range of types, and exist across a wide spectrum of temperature, pressure, and phase, influenced by the presence of the magmatic system at depth. Not only do pressurized pore fluids affect the mechanical properties and the elastic velocities of the host rock mass (volcanic edifice), but they are also responsible in the generation of a range of seismic signals, characterized by Low Frequency and long coda as compared to the seismicity generated by simple shear, resulting in Volcano-Tectonic events. While great progress has been made in understanding Volcano-Tectonic events, fluid-induced signals resulting in Low Frequency seismicity are not fully understood, and how these signals evolve from other signal types in time and space. To investigate, this study presents a series of rock triaxial deformation (in both wet and dry conditions) and fluid depressurization experiments, using a servo-controlled triaxial testing machine and state-of the-art acoustic emission (AE) instrumentation. AE signals are the laboratory analogue of field-scale earthquakes, representing the key to understand the physics of the macro-scale events. Considering shallow volcanic conditions (up to 1.6 km deep), this thesis shows that the presence of pore fluid delays the fracturing and the onset of microseismic activity, likely explaining sudden increase of precursory seismic activity before volcanic eruptions. Fluids also homogenize the rock material, decreasing the elastic wave anisotropy as they flow inside the newly formed cracks. In addition, the depressurization of fluids reveals how different fluid phases contributes to form different spectral peaks, characterizing the fluid-induced signals. Finally a fundamental microseismic event, (which presents a remarkable similarity with a natural volcanic earthquake, Tornillo), has been generated during gas depressurization, representing a new key link between earthquake features (such as amplitude modulation) and a physical properties (such as pressure drop).
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Lagan, Charles J. ""Rest and unrest": some rural and romantic themes in the poetry of Edward Thomas." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004770.
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From Preface: The scope and focus of this thesis has been determined by the fact that I have tried to present a thematic, though not exhaustive, account of the poetry of Edward Thomas. (I have analysed a representative selection of the poems.) Much has been written on his life and poetry in this past decade to coincide with the centenary of his birth which was celebrated in 1978. Edna Longley, William Cooke and more recently, Andrew Motion have thrown much light on his poetry and I am indebted to them. I acknowledge especially the work of Edna Longley; her Edward Thomas: Poems and Last Poems, though it does not include all the poems, has proved to be an invaluable source because of the many extracts from Thomas's prose incorporated into her notes on his poems. Her book is also rich in suggestive insights into Thomas's poetry. Unfortunately not all of Thomas's works are available in South Africa. On a brief visit overseas I tried without success to obtain the more important books not available here. I have had to make use of anthologies of Thomas's prose where a particular text was not available, for example, In Pursuit of Spring and The South Country. I thank Ms Yolisa Soul who through the Inter Library Loan services of the University of Fort Hare managed to obtain for me a substantial number of Thomas's prose works.
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Backstrom, Jeremy R. "Clenching the Fists of Dissent: Political Unrest, Repression, and the Evolution to Civil War." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862817/.
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Previous scholarship has long concentrated on the behaviors of belligerents during regime-dissident interactions. While much of the progress in the literature concentrated on the micro-level processes of this relationship, little research has focused on providing a theoretical reasoning on why belligerents choose to act in a particular manner. This project attempts to open the black box of decision making for regimes and dissidents during regime-dissident interactions in order to provide a theoretical justification for the behaviors of the belligerents involved. Moreover, this project argues that there is a relationship between the lower level events of political violence and civil war as the events at earlier stages of the conflict influence the possible outcome of civil conflict. Regimes and dissidents alike are strategic actors who conduct themselves in a manner to ensure their survival while concurrently attempting to succeed at achieving their respective goals. Although all authoritarian regimes are similar in their differences to democracies, there are significant differences between the regimes, which influence the decision making of the regime leader to ensure the survival of the political institution. In addition to influencing the decision calculus of the regimes, the behavior of the regimes impacts the probability of civil war at later stages of the interaction. Conversely, dissidents also perform as strategic actors in an attempt to gain their preferred concessions and outcomes. Although their comprehension of the coercive capacity of a regime is limited, their knowledge of the repressive capacity of the regime provides them with the understanding of their future fate if they escalate to violence against the regime. This project is conducted using two theories on regime and dissident actions and responses, two large-N empirical analyses of regime and dissident behaviors during nonviolent and violent dissident campaigns from 1945-2006, and two historical case studies of Egypt and Syria during the Arab Spring as well as the period preceding the uprising.
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Kallioinen, Lundgren Sara. "Cheap Quality & Urban Unrest : The prettiest words are the ones we don't say." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7816.
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With a background in ceramics and graphic designI have developed my thoughts about craft as a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication, but in textiles. With the written word as one of my main materials this project looks into class and material hierarchies filtered through autofictivestories from my life. This paper explores themes that impact my decisions in the making process, choosing materials, motifs, texts and words, politics and poetry. It deals with all the information I push into patchworking, shirring, tufting and sculpting textiles, with the goal to paint a picture of an often unwanted section of society. To discuss this I have chosen references dealing with sloppy craft, text based art, graffiti and craft traditions, in a mix with news articles and economy. Through all parts of the project I am on balancing line between chaos and perfection, truth and fiction.
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Extor, Tobias, and Barbosa André Ferreira. "Dags att lägga ner snacket om förorten : En kvalitativ studie om Göteborgs-Postens rapportering kring skottlossningarna i Biskopsgården och Hisingsbacka hösten 2013." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-31801.
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On September 4, 2013, two men were shot in the suburb Biskopsgården in Gothenburg. This was the catalysts to a very problematic autumn in both Biskopsgården as in another suburb, Hisingsbacka. The local media reports of the events were very through, where the newspaper Göteborgs-Posten took a leading role. It’s these reports which form the basis, the so called material of our essay. Our purpose with this essay is to examine which kind of medial message about the suburbs and their inhibitors the articles sends out to Göteborgs-Posten’s readers. We did this by putting our material against three issues, the first one was how Göteborgs-Posten did portray the suburbs when it came to; choice of words and phrases, angles and how the photos was composed. The second one was if Göteborgs-Posten had failed in its objective reporting when it came to; an “us versus them” perspective, which kind of medial message was sent out and if the journalist took a subjective position in the article. We also examined which actors were heard and what they represent in the society? We approached this study in a qualitative method way because we felt that we needed to examine the theme in its depth. The result were then linked to our three theories which were; framing, stigma and representation theory. The results from our study showed that our first thoughts about the subject did not match the reality of Göteborg-Posten’s reports. The medial image that was sent out wasn’t that negative as we first expected. The result shows that most of the articles in our sample had not a stigmatized tone or gave a misleading media image of the suburbs. In the cases that did send out a negative image it was mostly in the form of words and phrases. Other results obtained by our content analysis of the Göteborgs-Posten’s reporting on the subject was, for the most part were Swedes in the judicial system followed by affected immigrants who took the most place in the articles. Another interesting result was that both negative and positive stigma was encountered in the articles.
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Cretu, Paula Madalina, and Alvarez Jonathan Puentes. "Managing Organizational Crises in the Light of Political Unrest : The "Gulf Agency Company" Egypt Case." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70947.
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Background: The field of crisis management has been researched extensively in the last two decades, with a focus on man-made organizational crises in large corporations (Mitroff et al., 2001; Pearson et al., 1993; Weick, 1988). Crises, as phenomena, are very complex events with a low probability of occurrence (Pearson et al., 1998), which subsume multiple layers in their construction causes and manifestation. In the recent years, the number of crises has increased dramatically, with either natural, technological or human causes and each of us can name at least a few dozen examples. Crises are no longer an aberrant, rare, random, or peripheral feature of today’s society. They are built into the very fabric and fiber of modern societies" (Mitroff et al., 2001, p.5). Aim: The purpose of the present research paper is to enhance the understanding of the importance of crisis management for organizations, where the crisis can be triggered by a political unrest situation. Our empirical study will address the issues of how the Gulf Agency Company Egypt team identified, responded and learned from the organizational crisis they were faced with, due to protests against the formal regime of Hosni Mubarak, in the beginning of 2011. Methodology: The goal of our research paper is firstly using existing theory and previous knowledge which will serve as the bricks of our academic construction. Further on, the GAC Egypt case study will be the principal empirical tool that will support and prove or contrast the theoretical roots. In this way, we plan to make use of already existing theory, while in return bringing our own contribution by our results and empirical findings. Completion and results: Our results entail that there are numerous gaps between what the literature on crisis management presents and the organizational procedures in GAC Egypt. In this respect, our findings lead us to notice the absence of an official crisis management plan, minimal perception of credible early signals, weak top management support correlated with a high degree of employee empowerment, as well as the learning outcomes for the organization.
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Guldstrand, Frank. "Magmatic Sheet Intrusions as Seen in Surface Deformation - Developing a Tool for Interpreting Volcanic Unrest." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255690.
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The end-member types of shallow magmatic intrusions comprise cone sheets and dykes. These propagate from their source magma chamber towards the Earth’s surface. The propagation of magma within the shallow part of the volcano plumbing system produces surface deformation and seismicity, signs of volcanic unrest. Studying surface displacement using GPS and InSAR, geodetic modelling, fitting modelled data to real displacements, and inversion is regularly used to understand the processes in the subsurface. There is no possibility in nature to validate the assumptions of these models. However, using analogue modelling, it is possible to reproduce cone sheets and dykes in a controlled environment and study the associated surface deformation. This thesis tests the hypothesis that the two end-member types of magmatic sheet intrusions produce specific patterns of surface deformation. The analogue model surface is documented using two different monitoring setups: moiré monitoring and photogrammetry. The moiré method (dataset 1) consists of 43 experiments, 19 of which were dykes, 22 were cone sheets, and 2 were classified as hybrids. Photo- grammetry (dataset 2) was applied in 8 experiments, 3 of which produced cone sheets and 5 dykes. Dataset 1 successfully identified surface deformation patterns specific to the two intrusion types. Cone sheets develop in a gradual linear fashion, while the dykes exhibit a two-phase behaviour. The first phase shows little deformation until about halfway through the experiment duration when rapid deformation starts to occur. The point of maximum uplift, in both intrusion types, indicates the area of eruption from an early stage. Dataset 2 primarily evaluated the benefits of using the photogrammetric method. It successfully resolved horizontal components of displacement making it possible to study brittle defor- mation. As Dataset 2 consists of a limited amount of experiments, the results cannot be considered conclusive. However, they indicate that characteristic patterns of brittle deformation exist for the two types. Future improvements in this field include studying effects of topography and anisotropy on the surface deformation of the analogue models. Improvements in temporal and spatial resolution in the monitoring methods used to study surface displacement in nature is needed to perform analyses, similar to the ones presented here, on real surface deformation. The misfit of the surface deformation seen in numerical models compared to analogue models indicate that sheet intrusion propagation is not yet fully understood.<br>När magma rör sig från magmakammare mot jordytan i den ytliga delen av det underjordiska system av magma som finns under vulkaner, bildas ytdeformation. Genom att studera ytdeformationen med hjälp av GPS och InSAR samt numerisk modellering försöker forskare förstå dessa underjordiska processer för att förutspå framtida utbrott. Dessvärre finns ingen möjlighet att undersöka huruvida dessa numeriska modeller faktiskt överensstämmer med naturen. I gamla utdöda vulkaner som eroderats ner kan man se vulkanens inre där det finns stelnade, magmafyllda sprickor, så kallade gångar. Tyvärr ger detta dock ingen inblick i hur gångarnas bildning återspeglades i ytan. Detta kan man undersöka med hjälp av analoga modeller där det är möjligt att skapa likartade intrusioner i en kontrollerad labb-miljö och studera den tillhörande ytdeformationen. Denna avhandling undersöker hypotesen att de två huvudsakliga typerna av ytliga magmatiska gångar skapar specifika identifierbara mönster av ytdeformation. Detta testas genom att dokumentera den analoga modellens yta alltjämt som intrusionerna bildas med hjälp av två olika övervaknings- metoder. Den första metoden lyckades identifiera mönster som är specifika för de två olika typerna. Den högsta punkten på den deformerade ytan kan användas för att förutspå den plats där framtida utbrott kommer att ske i båda typerna. Den andra metoden lyckades urskilja dem horisontella komponenterna av förskjutning som gör det möjligt att studera den spröda deformation som utvecklas på ytan. Resultaten tyder på att karakteristiska mönster av spröd deformation existerar för de två typerna. För att förbättra de analoga modellerna måste man undersöka hur en mer topografiskt varierad yta påverkar den bildade deformation samt en skorpa som inte är helt homogen. Vid jämförelse mellan numeriska modeller och analoga modeller sågs en stor skillnad som tyder på att vi ännu inte förstår hur magma rör sig genom jordskorpan. Framtida användning av analyserna presenterade i denna avhandling kräver en förbättring av upplösningen på systemen som används till vulkanövervakning i naturen.
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Jansen, Lloyd A. "Explaining rural calm and rural unrest in Costa Rica : the coffee and banana export sectors /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10702.
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Saraf, Parang. "A Cost-Effective Semi-Automated Approach for Comprehensive Event Extraction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82926.
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Automated event extraction from free text remains an open problem, particularly when the goal is to identify all relevant events. Manual extraction is currently the only alternative for comprehensive and reliable extraction. Therefore, it is required to have a system that can comprehensively extract events reported in news articles (high recall) and is also scalable enough to handle a large number of articles.
In this dissertation, we explore various methods to develop an event extraction system that can mitigate these challenges. We primarily investigate three major problems related to event extraction as follows. (i) What are the strengths and weaknesses of the automated event extractors? A thorough understanding of what can be automated with high success and what leads to common pitfalls is crucial before we could develop a superior event extraction system. (ii) How can we build a hybrid event extraction system that can bridge the gap between manual and automated event extraction? Hybrid extraction is a semi-automated approach that uses an ecosystem of machine learning models along with a carefully designed user interface for extracting events. Since this method is semi-automated it also requires a meticulous understanding of user behavior in order to identify tasks that humans can perform with ease while diverting the more tedious task to the machine learning methods (iii) Finally, we explore methods for displaying extracted events that could simplify the analytical and inference generation processes for an analyst. We particularly aim to develop visualizations that would allow analysts can perform macro and micro level analysis of significant societal events.<br>Ph. D.
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Harvey, I. M. W. "Popular revolt and unrest in England during the second half of the reign of Henry VI." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257930.
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Mattsson, Linus. "Unrest as Incentive for Cooperation? : The Diversionary Peace Theory, Turkish-Syrian Relations and the Kurdish Conflict." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-313602.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the link between internal and external conflict of states in the field of International Relations. More specifically, it is a critique of the Diversionary War theory, which argues that political leaders can instigate foreign conflict to divert the attention from domestic issues in order to secure their political positions. This paper will test an alternative approach to the Diversionary War theory called the Diversionary Peace theory, which inverts the logic of the original theory. It argues that leaders facing domestic strife have incentives to cooperate with other states in order to deal with the internal problems in a more cost effective way. Using process tracing methodology, the Diversionary Peace theory is applied to Turkey from 1984-1999, to understand how the Kurdish issue as a source of domestic conflict in Turkey affected the Turkish-Syrian relations. The Diversionary Peace Theory would assume that as the Kurdish conflict escalates at the domestic level, Turkey would be inclined to give concessions to Syria to deescalate conflict at the international level. This paper proves otherwise: as the domestic conflict escalates, relations actually deteriorate and cooperation becomes less likely. Therefore, it is both a critique of the Diversionary War theory and the Diversionary Peace theory. The main interpretation of the findings is that the theory is not applicable to those cases where the boundaries between domestic and international realms are too porous as in the case of the Kurdish politics. When the domestic conflict and international dispute is interlinked, as in this case, I argue that cooperation might not be possible. Future reseachers in the area are advised to pay attention to whether the domestic factor and the international factor are interlinked, how the level of domestic conflict affects foreign relations and the impact of domestic audience costs.
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Mitchell, John A. 1966. "Bolshevik Britain: An Examination of British Labor Unrest in the Wake of the Russian Revolution, 1919." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501153/.
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The conclusion of the First World War brought the resumption of a struggle of a different sort: a battle between government and labor. Throughout 1919, government and labor squared off in a struggle over hours, wages, and nationalization. The Russian Revolution introduced the danger of the bolshevik contagion into the struggle. The first to enter into this conflict with the government were the shop stewards of Belfast and Glasgow. The struggle continued with the continued threats of the Triple Alliance and the police to destroy the power of the government through industrial action. This thesis examines the British labor movement during this revolutionary year in Europe, as well as the government's response to this new danger.
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Crossman, Virginia. "The politics of security : a study of the official reaction of rural unrest in Ireland 1821-41." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303533.
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Kirk, Timothy. "The Austrian working class under National Socialist rule : industrial unrest and political dissent in the 'people's community'." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257201.
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Fokkens, Andries Marius. "The role and application of the Union Defence Force in the suppression of internal unrest, 1912-1945." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17352.
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Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of military force to suppress internal unrest has been an integral part of South African
history. The European colonisation of South Africa from 1652 was facilitated by the use of force.
Boer commandos and British military regiments and volunteer units enforced the peace in outlying
areas and fought against the indigenous population as did other colonial powers such as France in
North Africa and Germany in German South West Africa, to name but a few. The period 1912 to
1945 is no exception, but with the difference that military force was used to suppress uprisings of
white citizens as well. White industrial workers experienced this military suppression in 1907,
1913, 1914 and 1922 when they went on strike. Job insecurity and wages were the main causes
of the strikes and militant actions from the strikers forced the government to use military force
when the police failed to maintain law and order. Public reaction to the use of force was strong
and the government, particularly Gen. J.C. Smuts, was severely criticised resulting in a defeat in
the 1924 election. Over the period 1921 to 1932 indigenous populations in South Africa and South
West Africa such as the Israelites (1921), the Bondelswarts (1922), the Rehoboth Basters (1925)
and the Ukuambi (1932), were suppressed through punitive expeditions by the police and military
forces of the Union of South Africa. The indigenous populations were a.o. grieved by the
government’s implementation of branding laws, enforced indentured labour, dog and hut tax. The
government’s prevailing racial policy of that time, manifested in a master and servant attitude
towards the indigenous populations, exacerbated an existing grievance of restrictive political rights.
The government reacted quickly and economically in suppressing any indigenous population’s
protests involving militant action. Although the use of aeroplanes was criticised, it was a force
multiplier and greatly assisted the small number of police and military forces deployed in
minimising casualties on both sides. The government also had to suppress militant Afrikaner
uprisings during the First and Second World Wars. In 1914 and 1915, prominent Afrikaner leaders
and veterans of the Anglo-Boer War reacted militantly against the government’s participation in the
First World War. Gen. L. Botha and Gen. Smuts were the architects of their suppression through
quick mobilisation of the Active Citizen Force, using mostly Afrikaans speaking volunteers. The
period between the two world wars saw the growth of the Afrikaners on a political, social and
limited economical level. This gave rise to further dispute on political and social levels when the
government once again opted to fight alongside Britain in the Second World War. Old animosities
between the Afrikaners and British were relived and militant elements within Afrikaner society
mobilised to impede this participation. The government resorted to using the Union Defence
Forces and SA Police to facilitate internment, for spying and to guard strategic objectives in an
effort to prevent sabotage and other serious damage to the war effort. Smuts received severe
criticism from mostly Afrikaners who were against participation in the war, and the general public
who had to suffer under the conditions of martial law.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van militêre mag in die onderdrukking van interne onrus is ‘n algemene verskynsel in
die geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika. Sedert 1652 het die Europese koloniale besetting van Suid-Afrika
gepaard gegaan met geweld. Boerekommando’s en Britse militêre regimente en
vrywilligereenhede het die vrede in verafgeleë gebiede gehandhaaf en die plaaslike bevolkings
onderwerp, net soos ander koloniale moondhede, byvoorbeeld, Frankryk in Noord-Afrika en
Duitsland in Duits-Suidwes-Afrika gedoen het. Die periode van 1912 tot 1945 was geen
uitsondering nie, maar met die verskil dat opstande ook onder die blanke bevolking onderdruk is.
In 1907, 1913, 1914 en 1922 het die blanke industriële werkers sodanige onderdrukking ervaar.
Werksonsekerheid en loongeskille was die dryfkrag agter die stakings en die stakers se militante
optrede het die regering gedwing om militêre mag te gebruik om die opstande te onderdruk, nadat
die polisie se pogings om wet en orde te handhaaf, misluk het. Die publiek was sterk gekant teen
sulke hardhandige optrede en Genl. J.C. Smuts het veral onder kritiek deurgeloop, wat tot sy
politieke nederlaag gelei het. Opstandige inheemse bevolkings in Suid-Afrika en Suidwes-Afrika
soos die Israeliete (1921), die Bondelswarts (1922), die Rehoboth Basters (1925) en die Ukuambi
(1932) het deurgeloop onder strafekspidisies van elemente van die Unie van Suid-Afrika se polisie
en weermag. Die inheemse bevolking is gegrief deur die regering se implimentering van
brandmerkwette, geforseerde kontrakarbeid, hut- en hondebelasting. Die regering se rassebeleid
van die tyd het ‘n meester-en-onderdaan-houding teenoor die inheemse bevolkings geskep, wat
die teer kwessie van beperkte politieke regte vererger het. Opstande deur inheemse bevolkings
wat militant van aard was, is op ‘n vinnige en ekonomiese manier onderdruk, dog het skerp kritiek
uitgelok. Die benutting van vliegtuie om die opstande te onderdruk was ‘n magsvermenigvuldiger
wat die klein polisie- en weermag gehelp het om verliese tydens die onderdukking van opstande
aan beide kante te beperk. Die regering het ook opstande van Afrikanergroepe tydens die Eerste
en Tweede Wêreldoorlog onderdruk. In 1914-1915 het prominente Afrikanerleiers en veterane van
die Anglo-Boereoorlog militant opgeruk teen die regering in verset oor die regering se deelname
aan die Eerste Wêreldoorlog. Genl. L. Botha en Genl. Smuts was die argitekte van die vinnige
onderdrukking van die opstande deur die Aktiewe Burgermag op te roep en hoofsaaklik
Afrikaanssprekende vrywilligers te gebruik. Die periode tussen die twee Wêreldoorloë is
gekenmerk deur die groei van die Afrikaner op politieke, sosiale en in ‘n beperkte mate, ook
ekonomiese gebied. Hieruit het verdere onenigheid op politieke en sosiale vlak onstaan toe die
regering weer besluit het aand die kant van Brittanje tot die Tweede Wêreldoorlog toe te tree. Ou
vyandighede tussen Afrikaans- en Engelssprekendes het herleef en militante elemente binne die
Afrikanersamelewing het gemobiliseer om die deelname te belemmer. Die regering het die
Unieverdedigingsmag en die SA Polisie gebruik vir internering, spioenering en die beveiliging van
strategiese doelwitte teen sabotasie en ander aktiwiteite wat die oorlogsdeelname sou belemmer.
Smuts het die meeste kritiek ontvang van Afrikaners wat gekant was teen die oorlog, asook die
publiek in die algemeen wat gebuk gegaan het onder krygswet.
48
Parks, Michelle. "Volcanic processes during eruption and unrest : combining satellite and ground-based monitoring at Galeras and Santorini volcanoes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f253bb62-d95d-4d31-ae05-459991758796.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation explores the combination of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) results with field data to provide additional constraints on the processes controlling deformation signals observed at Galeras volcano (Colombia) and Santorini volcano (Greece). InSAR measurements during 2007-2008 at Galeras reveal a subsidence signal on its northeast flank. I model InSAR and gravity data to determine the best-fit parameters for the subsidence source and suggest this signal was caused by deflation of the magma chamber associated with the January 2008 eruption. In January 2011, Santorini volcano entered a period of unrest characterised by earthquake swarms and caldera-wide uplift. I analyse satellite data over a period incorporating both the preceding phase of quiescence (1993-2010) and the phase of unrest (2011-2012). A subsidence signal is confirmed on the intra-caldera island of Nea Kameni during 1993-2010. I investigate several possible scenarios for its source, with my preferred explanation being a combination of cooling and contraction of historic lava flows, and loading from these flows inducing relaxation of the substrate. I also use a joint InSAR/GPS inversion technique to model the caldera-wide uplift observed during 2011-2012. I determine the optimal parameters for the deformation source and the temporal variation in volume change within the shallow magma chamber. The renewed activity offered an opportunity to observe how soil-gas emissions would respond to an influx of magma to a shallow reservoir. I employ a new approach (222Rn-δ<sup>13</sup>C systematics) to identify and quantify the source of diffuse degassing at Santorini during the period of unrest. Finally, I present a new high-resolution merged LiDAR-Bathymetry grid, enabling detailed mapping of both onshore and offshore historic lava flows emplaced in the centre of Santorini caldera. Updated lava volumes provide new extrusion rate estimates and a means of estimating both the size and duration of future dome-building eruptions at Santorini.
49
ADMASIE, SAMUEL ANDREAS. "Dynamics of Assertive Labour Movementism in Ethiopia: Organised Labour, Unrest and Wages in a Socio-Historical Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1258746.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the interplay between the orientation of the Ethiopian labour movement and the shifting position of wage labour within the Ethiopian political economy over the past six decades. Key factors that have contributed to the growth and the decline in assertiveness of the movement are identified and are brought into relation with the different outcomes. In this, two cycles of growth and decrease of assertiveness are identified and analysed within the shifting context of Ethiopia’s political economy. Levels of unrest and real wages are mapped at an aggregate national level and compared to real wage development.
Sources drawn upon include the hitherto unused archives of the Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, the Bahir Dar textile factory, and the Ethio-Djibouti railway; the archives of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and the ILO; private archives; interviews; and local newspapers.
The findings indicate the prevalence of a relationship between an assertive outlook and militant practices on the part of the labour movement, and improvements in the position of labour within the political economy in general and real wages in particular. In particular, the period 1963-1975 saw a pronounced mobilisation and a steadily increasing level of militancy and assertiveness that drove a sustained incline in real wages. The increasing assertiveness culminated in the years around the revolution, but the flare up of labour radicalism, unlike what has been posited in the literature, preceded both the outbreak of the revolution and the formation of political organisations. However, as state repression intensified and increasingly came to target the labour movement in 1975-76, the movement collapsed. In the aftermath, wages plummeted and the position of labour sharply eroded. Industrial tranquillity prevailed until a new cycle of mobilisation ensued beginning around the break between the 1980s and 1990s. This cycle neither had the same depth nor length as the first, but it nevertheless led to renewed industrial contestation and the emergence, briefly, of a relatively autonomous confederation. However, it failed to affect the continuing stagnation and decline of real wages and the position of labour.
On the theoretical level the findings of the dissertation includes sharp movements in real wage levels which cannot be attributed to economistic factors such as productivity alone. Wages appears largely to have been determined by the outcome of contestation. When the labour movements have displayed sustained militancy and assertiveness, it has led to wage gains, and when it has been co-opted and docile, wages have tended to fall or stagnate. The assertiveness of the labour movement, moreover, does not appear to lend itself to explanation from any one of the factors proposed in the literature alone. Rather, a reciprocal relationship between an improvement in the position of labour and the assertiveness of the movement has been found to prevail.
The term inspirational/demonstrative factor is suggested to bridge the divide between and unify the strands of literature that is concerned with causes and outcomes of industrial contestation. It is posited that the development of a virtuous cycle of assertiveness and militant practices; betterment of the position of labour; growing ranks of membership; and a renewed ratcheting up of demands can be generated, and that such cycle displays a degree of path dependence. It is moreover suggested that the opposite is equally true, and that a vicious cycle of defeat; worsening conditions; and demobilisation can prevail.
50
ADMASIE, SAMUEL ANDREAS. "Dynamics of Assertive Labour Movementism in Ethiopia: Organised Labour, Unrest and Wages in a Socio-Historical Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1264006.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the interplay between the orientation of the Ethiopian labour movement and the shifting position of wage labour within the Ethiopian political economy over the past six decades. Key factors that have contributed to the growth and the decline in assertiveness of the movement are identified and are brought into relation with the different outcomes. In this, two cycles of growth and decrease of assertiveness are identified and analysed within the shifting context of Ethiopia’s political economy. Levels of unrest and real wages are mapped at an aggregate national level and compared to real wage development.
Sources drawn upon include the hitherto unused archives of the Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, the Bahir Dar textile factory, and the Ethio-Djibouti railway; the archives of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and the ILO; private archives; interviews; and local newspapers.
The findings indicate the prevalence of a relationship between an assertive outlook and militant practices on the part of the labour movement, and improvements in the position of labour within the political economy in general and real wages in particular. In particular, the period 1963-1975 saw a pronounced mobilisation and a steadily increasing level of militancy and assertiveness that drove a sustained incline in real wages. The increasing assertiveness culminated in the years around the revolution, but the flare up of labour radicalism, unlike what has been posited in the literature, preceded both the outbreak of the revolution and the formation of political organisations. However, as state repression intensified and increasingly came to target the labour movement in 1975-76, the movement collapsed. In the aftermath, wages plummeted and the position of labour sharply eroded. Industrial tranquillity prevailed until a new cycle of mobilisation ensued beginning around the break between the 1980s and 1990s. This cycle neither had the same depth nor length as the first, but it nevertheless led to renewed industrial contestation and the emergence, briefly, of a relatively autonomous confederation. However, it failed to affect the continuing stagnation and decline of real wages and the position of labour.
On the theoretical level the findings of the dissertation includes sharp movements in real wage levels which cannot be attributed to economistic factors such as productivity alone. Wages appears largely to have been determined by the outcome of contestation. When the labour movements have displayed sustained militancy and assertiveness, it has led to wage gains, and when it has been co-opted and docile, wages have tended to fall or stagnate. The assertiveness of the labour movement, moreover, does not appear to lend itself to explanation from any one of the factors proposed in the literature alone. Rather, a reciprocal relationship between an improvement in the position of labour and the assertiveness of the movement has been found to prevail.
The term inspirational/demonstrative factor is suggested to bridge the divide between and unify the strands of literature that is concerned with causes and outcomes of industrial contestation. It is posited that the development of a virtuous cycle of assertiveness and militant practices; betterment of the position of labour; growing ranks of membership; and a renewed ratcheting up of demands can be generated, and that such cycle displays a degree of path dependence. It is moreover suggested that the opposite is equally true, and that a vicious cycle of defeat; worsening conditions; and demobilisation can prevail.