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Journal articles on the topic "And when applied at a consumption rate of 1.6 l/ha"
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Kostyuk, A. V., та N. G. Lukacheva. "Estimation of efficiency and phytotoxicity of Adengo herbicide in corn crops". Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, № 1 (2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-1-5.
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The study was conducted in the Primorsky Territory in 2017-2018 in the corn crops of the hybrid population P 8521 for grain. The soil of the experimental plots was meadow-brown podzolized, containing 3.5% humus in the arable horizon. Agricultural technology used was based on non-moldboard soil tillage system. The predecessor was soya. Adengo herbicide was used before seedling, in phases of 2-3 and 5-6 leaves in corn. The experiment was carried out in two plots: the first grown with weeds, at a consumption rate of 0.5 l/ha, the second – clean from weeds with regular manual weeding, at a consumption rate of 0.5 and 1.0 l/ha (twice the recommended rate). The infestation of the first plot averaged 272–626 plants per 1 m 2 with a total above-ground mass of 4181–4305 g/m2 . About 80% of weeds were annual grasses and common ragweed. Adengo herbicide, applied after sowing and before seedlings of corn and weeds, prevented the germination of St. Paul’s wort, velvet leaf, lamb’s quarters and smartweed. Common ragweed, Asian copperleaf and annual grasses sprouted 96, 65 and 78%, respectively, less than in the control. When applying treatment in the phase of 2–3 leaves in corn, the herbicidal activity of the preparation increased compared to its preemergence application from 46 to 71%. When applied during these periods, Adengo did not affect perennial dicotyledonous weeds. The main advantage of the studied preparation, applied in the 5–6 leaf phase, was herbicidal activity against perennial dicotyledonous weeds – the creeping thistle and field sowthistle. When using Adengo in phases 2–3 and 5–6 leaves, 5.34 and 5.46 tons of grain/ha were saved, respectively, which was more than when it was applied before germination at 4.76 t/ha (in the control 0.76 t/ha). In the second weed-free experiment, the phytotoxic effect of the herbicide on corn plants, regardless of the timing of application during the growing season, reduced grain yield. In all variants with the use of the preparation, 0.08–0.78 t/ha less grain was received than in the control (without herbicides – 8.64 t/ ha). When Adengo was applied in the phase of 5–6 leaves at a consumption rate of 1.0 l/ha (twice the recommended value), corn plants significantly lagged in growth and development; the obtained yield was by 0.78 t/ha lower than the control variant. In practically all variants of the experiment, the weight, length of the ear and the number of grains from it, and the mass of 1000 grains were recorded significantly less than in the control.
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Muetasam Jafr, Shaida, Abdol Rahman Rahimi, Masoud Hashemi, and Asad Rokhzadi. "Influence of N, K, and Seaweed Extract Fertilization on Biomass, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Essential Oil of Thymus vulgaris: Optimization Study by Response Surface Methodology." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (2022): 3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123222.
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Nutrient management has a decisive impact on the biomass and essential oil yield of medicinal plants. This study aimed to determine the optimal levels of nitrogen, potassium, and seaweed extract fertilizers to maximize the yield and quality of thyme using the response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment was laid out as a Box-Behnken design with three replications and three experimental factors, including nitrogen (urea) (0, 200, and 400 kg ha−1), and foliar application of potassium (Flourish Sulfopotash) (0, 6, and 12 kg ha−1) and seaweed extract (0, 3, and 6 L ha−1). The generated models were statistically significant for all measured traits except for γ-terpinene and p-cymene. While the influence of N on the amount of photosynthetic pigments followed a quadratic trend, the response of total chlorophyll and carotenoids to increasing potassium was linear. The response of biomass yield to N and seaweed was quadratic and linear, respectively. Potassium application had no significant influence on biomass. Essential oil yield reached its peak value (12 kg ha−1) when N and seaweed were applied at their intermediate levels and with the maximum application rate of potassium. Thymol was identified as the highest essential oil component (46.1%), followed by γ-terpinene (19.2%), p-cymene (14.1%), and carvacrol (5.6%). The optimization results suggested that the application of 162 kg ha−1 urea, 12 kg ha−1 Flourish Sulfopotash, and 4 L ha−1 seaweed extract was sufficient to produce the maximum dry matter (1247 kg ha−1), and more than 11 kg ha−1 of essential oil, with a concentration of 1%. Through optimization, the amounts of thymol and carvacrol were estimated to be as much as 44.2% and 6.2%, respectively. The results of the study suggested that resource optimization through RSM can be used as an efficient method to manage the consumption of fertilizers in thyme production.
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Serme, Idriss, Korodjouma Ouattara, Alimata Arzouma Bandaogo, and Charles Wortmann. "Pearl Millet and Sorghum Yield Response to Fertilizer in the Sahel of Burkina Faso." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i1.12384.
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) were domesticated in Africa for human consumption and are often the dominant cereals in semi-arid areas where yield is constrained by soil water deficits, nutrient deficiencies, and other constraints. Research was conducted to quantify yield responses and profitability of sorghum and pearl millet produced in the Sahel of Burkina Faso to fertilizer N, P, K, and a Mg-S-Zn-B diagnostic treatment. Mean yields across trials were 1.2 and 0.9 Mg ha-1 for pearl millet and sorghum, respectively. The effects of N, K, the diagnostic treatment, and interactions were not significant for both pearl millet and sorghum. There was a mean curvilinear to plateau response to P for pearl millet and a linear response to P for sorghum. The economical optimal P rates for pearl millet were modest, ranging from 6 to 33 kg ha–1 at 100% of the rate to maximize net returns per ha to P application when the cost of using fertilizer P was high and low, respectively, relative to the grain price (Table 4). The application of P for pearl millet had high profit potential even with a high cost P use scenario. For sorghum production, P application was not profitable if the cost per kg of fertilizer P use exceeded the value of 9 kg of sorghum grain. The results, therefore, indicate a high and low profit potential for P applied for pearl millet and sorghum, respectively, in the Sahel of Burkina Faso.
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Markov, N., G. Tihanov, D. Kadiev, and D. Dragoev. "Study of the main operational indicators of a self-propelled sprayer when spraying wheat and sunflower." Agricultural Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (2024): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2024.04.041.
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Abstract. An analysis has been made of some operational indicators of a self-propelled sprayer for spraying wheat and sunflower. The data in this study have been gathered and excerpted by the telematic system JD Link. It has been established from the obtained data that 66% of the area when spraying wheat (field А) and 46% of the area when spraying sunflower (field В) had been sprayed at a pre-set consumption rate of 150 l/ha. When spraying wheat (field А) it is evident that the actually applied consumption rate is 147.42 l/ha with actually applied amount of 8563.2 l, while when spraying sunflower (field В) the actually applied consumption rate is 148.33 l/ha with actually applied amount of 11908.10 l. It has been established that the engine rotations in a working engine are almost the same for both fields – 2485.93 min-1 in field А and 2495.55 min-1 in field В; at idle time the rotations had been the following: when spraying the field with wheat 1481.42 min-1, and when spraying the field with sunflower they were 15 % lower, i.e. 1253.83 min-1. The meane coefficient of engine utilization of the self-propelled sprayer when working, i.e. spraying wheat (field A) has been found to be 58.90%, and when spraying sunflower (field В) it has been 63.60%. From the results obtained it is evident that the consumed amount of diesel in field A has been 28.86% lower that in field B, respectively, with the average diesel consumption in field A being 7.27% lower than in field В.
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Wang, Zhao, Mujahid Hussain, Guanmin Huang, et al. "Better Droplet Deposition and Internode Shortening Effects of Plant Growth Regulator EDAH on Maize Applied by Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Than Electric Knapsack Sprayer." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030404.
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Maize (Zea mays L.) lodging is an important factor limiting its yield increase worldwide. EDAH (containing 27% ethephon and 3% DA-6) is commonly used to decrease lodging. There is an urgent need to select efficient application methods of agrochemical for better spray deposition. In our research, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (15 L ha−1 and 30 L ha−1) with EDAH dosages of 72 and 90 g a.i. ha−1, and electric knapsack sprayers (EKS) (450 L ha−1) with dosages of 90 g a.i. ha−1 were used to compare the droplet deposition distribution, uniformity and maize growth. According to our research, EDAH applied by UAV had a higher droplet deposition rate than EKS; EKS had a higher droplet coverage rate, deposition density, droplet distribution uniformity. At the same dosage of EDAH, the UAV had a better effect on controlling maize growth than EKS, and almost equal effects were detected when the dosage applied by the UAVs was decreased by 20%. Considering the lodging occurrence and yield, we recommend that the dosage of EDAH applied by UAVs should be 72 g a.i. ha−1 when there is weak lodging and 90 g a.i. ha−1 when there is heavy lodging, with a spray volume of 15 L ha−1.
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Webster, Eric P., Justin B. Hensley, David C. Blouin, Dustin L. Harrell, and Jason A. Bond. "Impact of Off-Site Deposition of Glufosinate to Non-Clearfield Rice." Weed Technology 29, no. 2 (2015): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-14-00136.1.
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Field studies were conducted near Crowley, LA to evaluate the effects of simulated herbicide drift on ‘Cocodrie' rice. Each treatment was made with the spray volume varying proportionally to herbicide dosage based on a spray volume of 234 L ha−1and a glufosinate rate of 493 g ai ha−1. The 6.3%, 31 g ha−1, herbicide rate was applied at a spray volume of 15 L ha−1and the 12.5%, 62 g ha−1, herbicide rate was applied at a spray volume of 29 L ha−1. Glufosinate applied at one-tiller, panicle differentiation (PD) growth stage, and boot resulted in crop injury at 7 and 14 d after treatment. At 21 and 28 d after treatment, crop injury was still evident but was less than 10%. Glufosinate applied at one-tiller resulted in plant height reductions of 4 to 6%; however, at harvest, height reductions were 1% or less. Glufosinate applied to rice in the boot stage had lower rice yield in the primary crop, but no difference was observed in the ratoon crop. Harvested seed from the primary crop germinated 7 to 11% less than the nontreated when rice was treated with 31 and 62 g ha−1of glufosinate. Seedling vigor was reduced when treated with 31 and 62 g ha−1of glufosinate.
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Bastaubayeva, S. O., L. K. Tabynbayeva, R. S. Yerzhebayeva, K. Konusbekov, A. M. Abekova, and M. B. Bekbatyrov. "Climatic and agronomic impacts on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 1 (2022): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.13.
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The use of suitable technologies helps crop cultivation under unfavorable and extreme weather conditions obtain the optimum yield by influencing irrigation, fertilization, sowing time, and crop density. The study aimed to determine the impact of adaptive technologies on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivation at the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan. The phenological observations on basic phases of sugar beet growth and development, and plant density were done according to the generally accepted methods. Moreover, the photosynthetic activity of crop productivity was studied through the accumulation of raw and dry biomass (weight method), area determination of the assimilation apparatus (die-cutting method), and the advent of photosynthetic active radiation. The influence of meteorological conditions was particularly noted on plots with moisture deficit. Maintaining such pre-irrigation soil moisture at 60% of LMC (Least Moisture Capacity) requires less watering with large irrigation rates (1020-1260 m3 ha-1) with inter-irrigation periods of 30–37 days. In 2016, three irrigations with the rate of 1220-1260 m3 ha-1 were done. Maximum water consumption occurs from the end of July to the beginning of August. Consumption of spring reserves for soil moisture was 8%-10% higher at late harvesting than at early harvesting. During the crop season with high rainfall distributed uniformly over the vegetation period, spring soil moisture reserves consumption increased and their share in total water consumption increased 12% up to 20%, whereas, during dry seasons it decreased 6% up to 14%. The study noted that for producing the sugar beet yields ranging from 22.6 to 65.2 t ha-1, the NPK should be applied at the rate of nitrogen (32 – 215 kg ha-1), phosphorus (12–68 kg ha-1), and potassium (50–380 kg ha-1), It was also found necessary to apply fertilizers differentially depending on the level of applied technology for the planned beet yield.
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Kostyuk, A. V., N. G. Lukacheva, and E. V. Lyashenko. "Environmental assessment of the use of the herbicide Lumax." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 51, no. 2 (2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2021-2-6.
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The sensitivity of agricultural crops to the Lumax herbicide, consisting of three active agents C-metolachlor, terbutylazine and mesotrione, the duration of their action in meadow-brown soil, and the aftereffect of the herbicide on the plants of the crop rotation were determined. The study was conducted in the conditions of the greenhouse in the Primorsky Territory in 2019 and 2020. The herbicide Lumax was used on experimental plots before corn germination at doses of 4.0 l/ha (recommended) and 8.0 l/ha (twice the recommended). In the autumn of 2019 and in the spring of 2020, samples of meadow-brown soil were taken from the experimental plots and from the control (without herbicides) from the depth of the arable layer containing 3.5% humus. The samples were used to establish the duration of the action of active agents and the aftereffect of the herbicide Lumax. Prior to this, plants indicating residual amounts of the chemical in meadow-brown soil were preselected. The doses of the herbicide which reduce the above-ground mass of the test plant by 50% were calculated, as well as its maximum permissible concentration in the soil. It was determined that by the end of the growing season, 0.7–3.0% of the active agent of the herbicide Lumax is retained in meadow-brown soil at a rate of application of 4.0 l/ha, and 0.6–3.9% – at a rate of 8.0 l/ha. By the beginning of the next field season, the preparation applied at the recommended rate completely decomposed, while when it was applied at a double rate of the recommended rate, 0.8–1.7% of the herbicide remained. Eight months after the application at a rate of 4.0 l/ha, the herbicide Lumax is safe for subsequent crops of the crop rotation. In case of overdose or double application (8.0 l/ ha), it can have an aftereffect on sensitive crops. The crops that are highly sensitive to the Lumax preparation were identified: cabbage, radish, rapeseed, beetroot, tomatoes, cucumber and rice; sensitive: wheat, buckwheat and soybean; relatively resistant: oats and barley. A safe consumption rate of the Lumax herbicide (4.0 l/ha) for subsequent crops of the crop rotation was established.
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Vlasenko, N. G., and S. V. Burlakova. "Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds on linear sizes and geometric grain characteristics." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 51, no. 1 (2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2021-1-2.
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The results of assessing the effect of biological preparations and a seed disinfectant on the technological qualities of grain of soft spring wheat Novosibirskaya 31 are presented. The effectiveness of the use of biological plant protection products was studied in the field experiment, laid down in 2020 in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region. Pre-sowing seed treatment included the following options: control (without treatment); Trichodermin, P (Trichoderma viride, titer more than 6 billion spores/g), consumption rate – 15 kg/t seed; Sporobacterin, SP (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma viride, strain 4097), consumption rate – 0.5 kg/ton of seeds; Scarlet, ME, chemical standard (imazalil (100 g/l) + tebuconazole (60 g/l), consumption rate – 0.3 l/t of seeds. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in yield by 0.40 and 0.52 t/ha when using Trichodermin and Sporobacterin, respectively, and by 0.08 t/ha when using fungicide Scarlet. In this case, the mass of 1000 grains increased by 0.84, 0.80 and 0.96 g, respectively, relative to the control. The preparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin had a significant effect on the growth of grain in length and width relative to the control – by 5.4-6.9 and 9.6%, Scarlet – by 10.6 and 13.9%, respectively. Pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to the growth of such indicators of the caryopsis as volume (by 19.6–29.3%), surface area (by 12.1–19.2%), and sphericity (by 6.3–7.8%). To a greater extent, they increased with the use of fungicide Scarlet. Getting larger grain led to an increase in the endosperm content by 0.76–1.14%. A close correlation has been shown between the indicators of the mass of 1000 grains and the linear grain sizes (r = 0.92–0.98), as well as with the grain volume, sphericity and endosperm content (r = 0.98–0.99). Pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds provides grain with improved technological properties.
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Donald, William W. "Effect of Soil-Applied Chlorsulfuron on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Root and Root Bud Growth." Weed Technology 1, no. 2 (1987): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029365.
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Chlorsulfuron [2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide], applied at 9 to 560 g ai/ha to the soil surface, stopped shoot elongation of well established Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. #4CIRAR] plants in the greenhouse. Root fresh weight decreased progressively as chlorsulfuron rate was increased when measured 1 month after treatment. In contrast, the number of visible root buds plus secondary shoots increased 1.9- to 2.3-fold between 9 and 67 g/ha chlorsulfuron 1 month after soil surface treatment. Despite more numerous root buds, the number of secondary shoots arising from adventitious root buds progressively decreased as chlorsulfuron rate was raised. Increases in the number of visible root buds were observed first between 3 and 4 weeks following soil application with 67 g/ha of chlorsulfuron, 2 weeks after shoot growth stopped.
Conference papers on the topic "And when applied at a consumption rate of 1.6 l/ha"
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Moreno, Marcelo, Maria Isabel Gonçalves da Silva, Clodoaldo Antônio de Sá, et al. "Breast cancer mortality and pesticide use in the Western Mesoregion of Santa Catarina, Brazil." In XXVI Brazilian Mastology Congress. Mastology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.29289/259453942024v34s2032.
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Introduction: Santa Catarina has significant agricultural productivity and ranks among the ten largest consumers of pesticides in Brazil. The state is notable for grain production, which exceeded 6.5 million tons in the 2021/2022 harvest. In the western mesoregion of the state, grain production is also prominent, especially with maize and soybean cultivation, where endocrine-disrupting pesticides are systematically used throughout the production chain of these transgenic crops. In Santa Catarina, considering female deaths from malignant neoplasms in 2020, 35% were related to breast cancer. There is a growing trend of breast cancer mortality among women residing in the state, evidenced by a mortality rate of 18.24 deaths per 100,000 women, higher than the Brazilian average rate of 14.23 deaths per 100,000 women. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women and constitutes a significant public health problem worldwide. The etiology of breast cancer is multifactorial. Consequently, factors such as aging, heredity, hormonal and reproductive history, lifestyle, along with genetic and environmental factors, may trigger the disease. The cells of breast tissue undergo regulated proliferation by hormones, and the development of some invasive carcinomas of the mammary parenchyma can be influenced by hormonal stimuli. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of pesticides may not produce immediate health effects in a given population, but over time, they can contribute to an increase in cancer rates. Some pesticides are classified as endocrine disruptors, capable of exhibiting biochemical properties similar to endogenous hormones and consequently provoking additional hormonal stimuli in the female organism. In this context, the high production levels of the agricultural sector and the intensive use of pesticides raise concerns regarding occupational and environmental exposure, as well as the occurrence of diseases such as cancer. Methodology: This is a quantitative, retrospective ecological study that used publicly available secondary databases, which provide data on breast cancer mortality and agricultural production by cultivated area in the western mesoregion of the state of Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil. To collect data on breast cancer mortality by municipality, death records due to malignant mammary neoplasia, code C50 from the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), provided by the Mortality Information System (SIM) of the Department of Informatics of SUS (DATASUS), were examined. The death data were grouped by age brackets: 20–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and >80 years — for each municipality, considering deaths occurring between 2015 and 2019. Population projections were obtained from the preliminary estimates developed by the Ministry of Health (MS), Secretariat of Health Surveillance (SVS). The data were organized into spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel® (version 19), in which annual mortality coefficients per 100,000 women were calculated. To derive standardized cancer rates, the direct method was used, considering the Brazilian population as the standard, as per the 2010 Demographic Census, with age-specific coefficients applied accordingly. The average coefficients for 2015 to 2019 were then calculated. Regarding agricultural production, the annual sum of the planted area for maize, soybean, and wheat crops, measured in hectares (ha), was calculated for the period between the years 2000 and 2004. Data regarding the planted areas were obtained from the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), through the IBGE Automatic Recovery System. Due to the lack of public data on pesticide consumption in the state, an estimate was made following the methodology described by Dutra and Ferreira (2017), with some adaptations. The recommended dose, applied per crop (L or kg/ha) for each pesticide, was multiplied by the planted area in hectares, as recommended on the product labels. Information on the pesticides used in the selected crops was accessed via the website of the Santa Catarina Integrated Agricultural Development Company (CIDASC). All endocrine-disrupting pesticides approved for use in Santa Catarina were reviewed through the Santa Catarina Agriculture Defense Management System (SIGEN) (Cidasc, 2016). Endocrine-disrupting pesticides were identified based on classifications proposed by Mnif et al. (2011). The spatial analysis in this study started from investigating the data on breast cancer mortality and pesticide use in each municipality of the western region of Santa Catarina (SC). This study did not focus on neighborhood relations but rather on how the two variables relate within each municipality. The correlation criterion involved crossing values above the mean for both the mortality rate and pesticide consumption. Thematic mapping was utilized, employing methods of data classification aimed at identifying spatial clustering trends. In the scatter plot, the numbers correspond to the following patterns: 1 "low," 2 "medium," 3 "high," and 4 "very high." The distribution of the number of municipalities in the western mesoregion of Santa Catarina was organized into a balloon chart, totaling 118, categorized by types of crossings. Warm colors indicate the number of municipalities where the class intersections are equivalent: "low pesticide use x low mortality rate," "medium use x medium rate," "high use x high rate," and "very high use x very high rate." Dark blue colors represent the number of municipalities where the crossing occurs above the average, for both breast cancer mortality rate and pesticide consumption history. The primary spatial analysis technique employed was classification into ranges using the cartometric method in Quantum GIS, known as the interquartile (quartile) method. According to the breast cancer mortality rates for the female population in 2020 in Brazil (11.84), the Southern Region (12.79), and the state of Santa Catarina (12.71 deaths per 100,000 women), as reported by the Ministry of Health (Inca, 2022), the mortality rates in the western mesoregion of Santa Catarina were classified into four ranges: "low" (0–5), "medium" (6–15), "high" (16–20), and "very high" (21–53.6). The overlay method was used to examine the spatial correlation between the mortality rate and the pesticide consumption history. This research was conducted following approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Region of Chapecó (UNOCHAPECÓ), via the Plataforma Brasil, under the Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Review (CAAE) number 33356720.9.0000.0116. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that in 79% of the municipalities in the western mesoregion of Santa Catarina, breast cancer mortality occurred at a frequency above the regional average. Similarly, in municipalities where the use of endocrine-disrupting pesticides exceeded the regional average, there was a comparable trend. Therefore, it was demonstrated that there is a proportional correlation between breast cancer mortality rates and the use of pesticides in maize, soybean, and wheat crops during the studied period.