Academic literature on the topic 'Andean populations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Andean populations"
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Yasukochi, Yoshiki, Takayuki Nishimura, Juan Ugarte, Mayumi Ohnishi, Mika Nishihara, Guillermo Alvarez, Hideki Fukuda, Victor Mendoza, and Kiyoshi Aoyagi. "Effect of EGLN1 Genetic Polymorphisms on Hemoglobin Concentration in Andean Highlanders." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 15, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3436581.
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The physiological characteristics of Andean natives living at high altitudes have been investigated extensively, with many studies reporting that Andean highlanders have a higher hemoglobin (Hb) concentration than other highlander populations. It has previously been reported that positive natural selection has acted independently on the egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 (EGLN1) gene in Tibetan and Andean highlanders and is related to Hb concentration in Tibetans. However, no study has yet revealed the genetic determinants of Hb concentration in Andeans even though several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in EGLN1 have previously been examined. Therefore, we explored the relationship between hematological measurements and tag SNPs designed to cover the whole EGLN1 genomic region in Andean highlanders living in Bolivia. Our findings indicated that haplotype frequencies estimated from the EGLN1 SNPs were significantly correlated with Hb concentration in the Bolivian highlanders. Moreover, we found that an Andean-dominant haplotype related to high Hb level may have expanded rapidly in ancestral Andean highlander populations. Analysis of genotype data in an ~436.3 kb genomic region containing EGLN1 using public databases indicated that the population structure based on EGLN1 genetic markers in Andean highlanders was largely different from that in other human populations. This finding may be related to an intrinsic or adaptive physiological characteristic of Andean highlanders. In conclusion, the high Hb concentrations in Andean highlanders can be partly characterized by EGLN1 genetic variants.
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Chirinos, Diana A., Oscar L. Morey-Vargas, Ronald B. Goldberg, Julio A. Chirinos, and Josefina Medina-Lezama. "Metabolic Syndrome in Andean Populations." Global Heart 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2013.10.001.
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Vargas, Marco, Enrique Vargas, Colleen G. Julian, J. Fernando Armaza, Armando Rodriguez, Wilma Tellez, Susan Niermeyer, et al. "Determinants of blood oxygenation during pregnancy in Andean and European residents of high altitude." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 3 (September 2007): R1303—R1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00805.2006.
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High altitude decreases birth weight, but this effect is diminished in long vs. short-resident, high-altitude populations. We asked whether women from long vs. short-resident, high-altitude populations had higher arterial oxygenation levels by comparing 42 Andean and 26 European residents of La Paz, Bolivia (3,600 m), serially during pregnancy ( weeks 20, 30, and 36) and again 4 mo postpartum. Pregnancy raised hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity threefold, resting ventilation (V̇e), and arterial O2saturation (SaO2) in both groups. Ancestry, as identified using 81 genetic markers, correlated with respiratory pattern, such that greater Andean ancestry was associated with higher respiratory frequency and lower tidal volume. Pregnancy increased total blood and plasma volume ∼40% in both groups without changing red blood cell mass relative to body weight; hence, hemoglobin fell. The hemoglobin decline was compensated for by the rise in V̇e and SaO2with the result that arterial O2content (CaO2) was maintained near nonpregnant levels in both groups. Birth weights were similar for all Andean and European babies, but after adjusting for variation in gestational age, maternal height and parity, Andeans weighed 209 g more than Europeans. Babies with heavier birth weights and greater ponderal indices were born to Andean women with higher V̇e during pregnancy. We concluded that while maternal V̇e and arterial oxygenation were important, some factor other than higher CaO2was responsible for protecting Andeans from altitude-associated reductions in fetal growth.
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Jansen, Gerard FA, and Buddha Basnyat. "Brain Blood Flow in Andean and Himalayan High-Altitude Populations: Evidence of Different Traits for the Same Environmental Constraint." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 31, no. 2 (August 25, 2010): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2010.150.
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Humans have populated the Tibetan plateau much longer than the Andean Altiplano. It is thought that the difference in length of occupation of these altitudes has led to different responses to the stress of hypoxia. As such, Andean populations have higher hematocrit levels than Himalayans. In contrast, Himalayans have increased circulation to certain organ systems to meet tissue oxygen demand. In this study, we hypothesize that cerebral blood flow ( CBF) is higher in Himalayans than in Andeans. Using a MEDLINE and EMBASE search, we included 10 studies that investigated CBF in Andeans and Himalayans between 3,658 and 4,330 m altitude. The CBF values were corrected for differences in hematocrit and arterial oxygen saturation. The data of these studies show a mean hematocrit of 50% in Himalayans and 54.1% in Andeans. Arterial oxygen saturation was 86.9% in Andeans and 88.4% in Himalayans. The CBF in Himalayans was slightly elevated compared with sea-level subjects, and was 24% higher compared with Andeans. After correction for hematorit and arterial oxygen saturation, CBF was ~20% higher in Himalayans compared with Andeans. Altered brain metabolism in Andeans, and/or increased nitric oxide availability in Himalayans may have a role to explain this difference in brain blood flow.
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Mairbäurl, Heimo, Max Gassmann, and Martina U. Muckenthaler. "Geographical ancestry affects normal hemoglobin values in high-altitude residents." Journal of Applied Physiology 129, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00025.2020.
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Increasing the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is a major mechanism adjusting arterial oxygen content to decreased oxygen partial pressure of inspired air at high altitude. Approximately 5% of the world’s population living at altitudes higher than 1,500 m shows this adaptive mechanism. Notably, there is a wide variation in the extent of increase in Hb concentration among different populations. This short review summarizes available information on Hb concentrations of high-altitude residents living at comparable altitudes (3,500–4,500 m) in different regions of the world. An increased Hb concentration is found in all high-altitude populations. The highest mean Hb concentration was found in adult male Andean residents and in Han Chinese living at high altitude, whereas it was lowest in Ethiopians, Tibetans, and Sherpas. A lower plasma volume in Andean high-altitude natives may offer a partial explanation. Indeed, male Andean high-altitude natives have a lower plasma volume than Tibetans and Ethiopians. Moreover, Hb values were lower in adult, nonpregnant females than in males; differences between populations of different ancestry were less pronounced. Various genetic polymorphisms were detected in high-altitude residents thought to favor life in a hypoxic environment, some of which correlate with the relatively low Hb concentration in the Tibetans and Ethiopians, whereas differences in angiotensin-converting enzyme allele distribution may be related to elevated Hb in the Andeans. Taken together, these results indicate different sensitivity of oxygen dependent control of erythropoiesis or plasma volume among populations of different geographical ancestry, offering explanations for differences in the Hb concentration at high altitude.
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Julian, Colleen Glyde, Megan J. Wilson, Miriam Lopez, Henry Yamashiro, Wilma Tellez, Armando Rodriguez, Abigail W. Bigham, et al. "Augmented uterine artery blood flow and oxygen delivery protect Andeans from altitude-associated reductions in fetal growth." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 5 (May 2009): R1564—R1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90945.2008.
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The effect of high altitude on reducing birth weight is markedly less in populations of high- (e.g., Andeans) relative to low-altitude origin (e.g., Europeans). Uterine artery (UA) blood flow is greater during pregnancy in Andeans than Europeans at high altitude; however, it is not clear whether such blood flow differences play a causal role in ancestry-associated variations in fetal growth. We tested the hypothesis that greater UA blood flow contributes to the protection of fetal growth afforded by Andean ancestry by comparing UA blood flow and fetal growth throughout pregnancy in 137 Andean or European residents of low (400 m; European n = 28, Andean n = 23) or high (3,100–4,100 m; European n = 51, Andean n = 35) altitude in Bolivia. Blood flow and fetal biometry were assessed by Doppler ultrasound, and maternal ancestry was confirmed, using a panel of 100 ancestry-informative genetic markers (AIMs). At low altitude, there were no ancestry-related differences in the pregnancy-associated rise in UA blood flow, fetal biometry, or birth weight. At high altitude, Andean infants weighed 253 g more than European infants after controlling for gestational age and other known influences. UA blood flow and O2delivery were twofold greater at 20 wk in Andean than European women at high altitude, and were paralleled by greater fetal size. Moreover, variation in the proportion of Indigenous American ancestry among individual women was positively associated with UA diameter, blood flow, O2delivery, and fetal head circumference. We concluded that greater UA blood flow protects against hypoxia-associated reductions in fetal growth, consistent with the hypothesis that genetic factors enabled Andeans to achieve a greater pregnancy-associated rise in UA blood flow and O2delivery than European women at high altitude.
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Wilson, Megan J., Miriam Lopez, Marco Vargas, Colleen Julian, Wilma Tellez, Armando Rodriguez, Abigail Bigham, et al. "Greater uterine artery blood flow during pregnancy in multigenerational (Andean) than shorter-term (European) high-altitude residents." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 3 (September 2007): R1313—R1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00806.2006.
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Multigenerational (Andean) compared with shorter-term (European) high-altitude residents exhibit less hypoxia-associated reductions in birth weight. Because differences in arterial O2content are not responsible, we asked whether greater pregnancy-associated increases in uterine artery (UA) blood flow and O2delivery were involved. Serial studies were conducted in 42 Andean and 26 European residents of La Paz, Bolivia (3600 m) at weeks 20, 30, 36 of pregnancy and 4 mo postpartum using Doppler ultrasound. There were no differences postpartum but Andean vs. European women had greater UA diameter (0.65 ± 0.01 vs. 0.56 ± 0.01 cm), cross-sectional area (33.1 ± 0.97 vs. 24.7 ± 1.18 mm2), and blood flow at week 36 (743 ± 87 vs. 474 ± 36 ml/min) (all P < 0.05) and thus 1.6-fold greater uteroplacental O2delivery near term (126.82 ± 18.47 vs. 80.33 ± 8.69 ml O2·ml blood−1·min−1, P < 0.05). Andeans had greater common iliac (CI) flow and lower external iliac relative to CI flow (0.52 ± 0.11 vs. 0.95 ± 0.14, P < 0.05) than Europeans at week 36. After adjusting for gestational age, maternal height, and parity, Andean babies weighed 209 g more than the Europeans. Greater UA cross-sectional area at week 30 related positively to birth weight in Andeans ( r = +0.39) but negatively in Europeans ( r = −0.37) (both P < 0.01). We concluded that a greater pregnancy-associated increase in UA diameter raised UA blood flow and uteroplacental O2delivery in the Andeans and contributed to their ability to maintain normal fetal growth under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia. These data implicate the involvement of genetic factors in protecting multigenerational populations from hypoxia-associated reductions in fetal growth, but future studies are required for confirmation and identification of the specific genes involved.
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Skroch, Paul, Jim Nienhuis, Geunwha Jung, and Dermot Coyne. "Integration of RAPD Marker Genetic Linkage Maps in Phaseolus vulgaris L." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 772D—772. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.772d.
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Currently, we are studying the genetics and linkage relationships of important quantitative and qualitative traits in common bean, including disease resistances, plant architecture, seed size and shape, and pod size, shape, and fiber content. Study of the genetics of these traits is being facilitated through the use of RAPD marker-based linkage maps in four RI populations. Cultivated P.vulgaris has two primary centers of diversity—Meso-american and Andean, the RI populations used for mapping are Meso x Andean (Bat93 x Jalo EEP558 and Eagle x Puebla 152), Andean x Andean (PC50 x Xan159), and Meso x Meso (BAC6 x HT7719) crosses. Maps in these four populations are being integrated through the use of cosegregating markers. Integration of maps will allow integration of the linkage relationships of relevant genes and also allow more efficient sampling of markers for future linkage studies.
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Skroth, Paul, Jim Nienhuis, Geunhwa Jung, and Dermont Coyne. "461 PB 292 MAPPING RAPD MARKER DIVERSITY IN PHASEOLUS VULGARIS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 497c—497. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.497c.
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Knowledge of genetic relationships and genetic diversity among accessions is essential for the efficient construction, maintainance and utilization of large ex-situ germplasm collections. Furthermore, streamlining of large collections into care collections necessitates validation of germplasm sampling techniques. DNA molecular markers provide potentially unbiased estimators of genome diversity end may facilitate organization, maintainance, and sampling of plant genetic resources. Our data suggests that RAPD markers will be o good tool for testing tore collection concepts and organizing genetic diversity in common bean. However, the genomic distribution of markers is unknown. Currently we are using recombinant inbred (RI) populations to place RAPD markers in the context of the bean genetic map. We hove evaluated the the distribution of RAPD markers in three RI populations: Bat93 × Jalo EEP558, PC50 × Xan159, and BAC6 × HT7719. Cultivated P.vulgaris has two primary renters of diversity Mesoamerican and Andean, the RI populations used for mapping RAPD markers ore Meso × Andean, Andean × Andean, and Meso × Meso crosses respectively. In the Bat93 × Jalo EEP558 population 383 markers have been mapped for a map length of 735 cM. However, approximately 150 of these markers ore members of 9 dusters which span only 90 cM. This inter gone pool mop is being integrated with linkage mops constructed in the other two populations to compare within and between gene pool marker distributions and to evaluate clustering of markers on the different mops. Implications for the application of RAPD markers will be discussed.
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Nienhuis, James, Paul Skroch, and Steve Beebe. "Comparison of Genetic Diversity between Nuña and and Other Andean bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Populations." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 544C—544. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.544c.
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Nuñas are a type of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that possess the unusual characteristic of popping or expanding their cotyledonary tissue when heated. Numerous landraces of nuña beans were domesticated in the Andean region of South America (Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador) and have been grown and consumed in this region since antiquity. The practical consideration in the domestication of nuñas in the high Andes was likely due to the greater energy efficiency in cooking toasted vs. boiled seeds.The Phaseolus germplasm bank at CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical) has developed a core collection of Andean beans that includes numerous nuña landraces. Based on the wide range of phaseolin types observed among nuña landraces, it has been hypothesized that nuñas may represent a greater source of genetic diversity compared to other landraces and cultivars of common bean. Eighty nuña accessions and 120 nonpopping common bean accessions were randomly sampled from the CIAT Andean germplasm core collection. The 200 accessions were characterized for 140 mapped RAPD markers. The objectives of our research were to 1) understand the genetic structure of nuña bean accessions relative to other Andean common beans, and 2) to measure the genetic distance and genetic diversity between nuña and other Andean bean populations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Andean populations"
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Eichstaedt, Christina Alessandra. "Adaptations in Andean populations : the genetics of hypoxia protection." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648561.
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Rhode, Matthew P. "Habitual subsistence practices among prehistoric Andean populations fishers and farmers /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4374.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 7, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Uhrig, Megan Nicole. "The Andean Exception: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Absence of Large-Scale Indigenous Social Mobilization in Peru." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365603733.
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Gayà-Vidal, Maria Magdalena. "Genetic characteristics of the two main native groups in Bolivia : Aymaras and Quechuas." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1425/.
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Deux populations appartenant aux groupes linguistiques principaux de la Bolivie, Aymaras et Quechuas, ont été étudiées par différent marqueurs génétiques pour fournir information sur leurs relations génétiques et processus démographiques qui pourraient avoir souffert pendant leur histoire. Ce travail comprend trois parties: l'étude i) de marqueurs génétiques autosomiques (insertions Alu), ii) uniparentaux, l'ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt) et le chromosome Y, et iii) d'une région du chromosome 19 avec le gene cluster des apolipoproteins APOE/C1/C4/C2. Dans le premier travail, trente-deux insertions Alu polymorphiques (PAIs), 18 autosomiques et 14 du chromosome X, ont été étudiées. L'objectif principal de l'étude était d'aborder les relations génétiques entre ces deux populations et d'éclaircir d'après ces données génétiques si l'expansion de la langue Quechua dans la Bolivie pouvait être attribuée à des processus démographiques (migrations Incas de parlants Quechua de Pérou vers la Bolivie) ou culturel (imposition de la langue Quechua par les Incas). La relation génétique très proche observée entre les deux populations boliviennes ainsi que leur différentiation des Quechuas du Pérou suggère que l'expansion de la langue Quechua dans la Bolivie eu lieu sans une contribution démographique importante. La deuxième partie concernant a été réalisé pour évaluer les possibles différences dépendant du genre et fournir plus de données pour éclaircir les processus démographiques de la région andine. Dans ce cas, les deux populations Boliviennes ont montré plus de différences génétiques pour l'ADNmt que pour le chromosome Y. Concernant l'ADNmt, les Aymaras semblent avoir été plus isolés au cours de leur histoire, fait qui aurait entrainé la conservation de certaines caractéristiques génétiques, tandis que les Quechuas aurait été plus perméables à l'incorporation des femmes étrangères et à l'influence péruvienne. Néanmoins, la mobilité des homes aurait été généralisée dans toute la région andine d'après l'homogénéité trouvée dans cette zone. L'étude d'une région autosomique d'environ 108kb incluant le groupe de gènes APOE/C1/C4/C2 et les régions adjacentes, dans laquelle, vingt-cinq polymorphismes (10 STRs et 15 SNPs) ont été analysés pour éclaircir l'histoire évolutive de cette région génomique dans les populations andines. Une partie de cette diversité réduite pourrait être attribuée à l'effet de la sélection qui pourrait être due à son importance physiologique, mais aussi du à leur histoires démographiquesTwo populations belonging to the two main Native linguistic groups of Bolivia, Aymaras and Quechuas, have been analysed for different genetic markers in order to provide relevant information about their genetic relationships and demographic processes. This work comprises three parts: the study of i) autosomal markers (Alu insertions), ii) uniparental markers, both mtDNA and Y-chromosome, and iii) a region including the APOE/C1/C4/C2 gene cluster that code for apolipoproteins that can have epidemiological implications. In the first part, thirty-two polymorphic Alu insertions (18 autosomal and 14 from the X chromosome) were studied. The main objective was to determine from genetic data whether the expansion of the Quechua language into Bolivia could be associated with demographic (Inca migration of Quechua-speakers from Peru into Bolivia) or cultural (language imposition by the Inca Empire) processes. Our results indicated that the two Bolivian samples showed a high genetic similarity for both sets of markers and were clearly differentiated from the two Peruvian Quechua samples available in the literature. Additionally, our data were compared with the available literature to determine the genetic and linguistic structure, and East-West differentiation in South America. The close genetic relationship between the two Bolivian samples and their differentiation from the Quechua-speakers from Peru suggested that the Quechua language expansion in Bolivia took place without any important demographic contribution. The second part, mtDNA and Y-chromosome uniparental markers were studied to evaluate sex-speci?c differences and give new insights into the demographic processes of the Andean region. In that case, the two Bolivian samples showed more genetic differences for the mtDNA than for the Y-chromosome. For the mtDNA, 81% of Aymaras and 61% of Quechuas presented haplogroup B2. Native American Y-chromosomes were found in 97% of Aymaras (89% hg Q1a3a and 11% hgQ1a3*) and 78% of Quechuas (100% hg Q1a3a). Our data revealed high diversity values in the two populations, in agreement with other Andean studies. The comparisons with the available literature for both sets of markers indicated that the central Andean area is relatively homogeneous. For mtDNA, the Aymaras seemed to have been more isolated throughout time, maintaining their genetic characteristics, while the Quechuas have been more permeable to the incorporation of female foreigners and Peruvian influences. On the other hand, male mobility would have been widespread across the Andean region according to the homogeneity found in the area. Particular genetic characteristics presented by both samples support a past common origin of the Altiplano populations in the ancient Aymara territory, with independent, although related histories, with Peruvian (Quechuas) populations. The study of the autosomal region of 108kb, including the APOE/C1/C4/C2 gene cluster and the flanking region in which twenty five polymorphisms (10 STRs and 15 SNPs) were analysed to give new insights into the evolutionary history of this genomic region in Andean populations. In general, diversity in Bolivians was low, with nine out of 15 SNPs and seven out of 10 STRs being practically monomorphic. Part of this reduced diversity could be attributed to selection since the APOE/C1/C4/C2 region presented a high degree of conservation compared to the flanking genes in both Bolivians and Europeans, which may be due to its physiological importance. Also, the lower genetic diversity in Bolivians compared to Europeans for some markers could be attributed to their different demographic histories
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Torres, Jiménez María Fernanda. "Effects of Andean geographic dynamics on the population history of Tococa-associated Azteca ants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33066.
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Myrmecophytic plant species form associations where the ant colony inhabits structures in the plant and offers protection against herbivory in exchange for food and shelter. Widely distributed across the tropics, myrmecophytic mutualisms are particularly diverse in the Neotropics, a region characterized by the rapid and recent uplift of the Andean mountain range. It has been suggested that the abrupt change in terrain triggered the emergence of new niches, new barriers to gene ow and speciation. Studying ant-plant associations in the Neotropics not only provides insight into how associations evolve in time but also the impact that external factors, such as geographic changes, have in the evolution of mutualisms. Because of its wide distribution on both sides of the Andes, The Tococa guianensis- Azteca system is useful to explore the effects the Andean uplift had on the evolution of mutualisms. This thesis aims to 1. Identify the ants associating with T. guianensis and the lineages of ants and plants involved in the mutualisms in different populations on both sides of the Andes, 2. generate genomic data for both ants and plants to increase sampling of loci, and 3. estimate and calibrate the species trees to compare patterns of phylogenetics and temporal congruence between ants, plants and the Andean uplift. Most ant-plant studies focus on only one partner or study both partners by using already collected data for one of them. This project is the first study inferring the evolutionary history of both partners associated at that point in time and across a large area. This thesis identifies two main Azteca lineages associated with T. guianensis, each one distributed on different sides of the Andes. It addresses the monophyly of T. guianensis (and related species) and why such monophyly cannot be confirmed. Results show how both plants and ants were geographically structured congruent with timing of a split of populations coinciding with the Andean uplift. Moreover, four plants and fifteen ant genomes were assembled and used to estimate gene and species trees. For Tococa, candidate markers were selected for future resolution of the plant's phylogeny. Different histories but similar divergence times between ants and plants suggest that the mutualism has evolved in response to geographic changes rather than through codiversication, but that the mutualism persists thanks to the availability of the host. The information generated during this study provides the basis to understand the evolution of mutualisms, the genomic features of ants and plants and opens the possibility for Tococa and Azteca to become a model system.
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Paux, Samson Chloé. "L’intégration régionale en quête de sens : impliquer les populations dans la Communauté Andine : réflexion à partir du cas de la communication institutionnelle du SGCAN." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20041/document.
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Construite, dans un premier temps, de façon économique et commerciale, l’intégration régionale, en tant qu’avatar politique ne saurait se passer du soutien des populations. La Communauté Andine, regroupant la Bolivie, la Colombie, l’Equateur et le Pérou, a déclaré 2011 année andine de l’intégration sociale, et a mis au centre de son agenda les défis de la politique, de l’égalité, de la participation et de l’identité. Ce parti pris est révélateur d’une prise de conscience des enjeux de l’implication des populations dans les processus régionaux et s’inscrit dans une tendance plus générale à l’ouverture du dialogue avec les citoyens andins depuis le milieu des années 2000. Le Secrétariat Général de la CAN a en particulier développé une communication institutionnelle valorisant le sens d’une identité et d’une citoyenneté andine comme vecteurs d’implication et de participation des populations dans le jeu régional. A partir de cette expérience, la présente thèse entend interroger les modalités de mobilisation d’un sentiment d’appartenance des populations dans l’intégration régionaleFormerly constructed on economic and commercial ambitions, regional integration, as a political level, should relay on popular support. The Andean Community that involves Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, declared 2011 as the Andean year of social integration, and put a major focus on the politic, equality, participation and identity challenges. Such a commitment reveals a growing awareness of the popular involvement issues, and is part of a global trend toward a broader dialogue with the populations since the mid-2000s. The CAN General Secretariat developed in particular an institutional communication enhancing the sense of an Andean identity and citizenship as vectors for the involvement and participation ofthe populations in the regional game. From this particular case study, this thesis intends to question the modalities of the mobilization of a sense of belonging in regional integration
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Vedrenne, José Damien. "Les populations des Andes centro-méridionales, et leur situation alimentaire." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11181.
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Pino, Zambrano Victor Vidal. "Population et territoires du centre sud andin péruvien : couloirs d'intégration de 1876 à 2005." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H063.
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Cette recherche a pour but de comprendre et d'expliquer la manière dont l'espace a été occupé dans le Centre Sud du Pérou, depuis 1532, année de la conquête espagnole, jusqu'à nos jours en mettant I accent sur l'année 1876, date du premier recensement. Notre travail comprend trois parties. Il commence par une revue générale de la dynamique démographique pendant toute la période coloniale (1532-1821), en montrant la rupture avec le modèle pré-hispanique qui base I utilisation de I espace sur l'organisation de grands royaumes, ainsi que sur l'usage et l'accès à différents niveaux agro écologiques complémentaires. Le système colonial, en suivant une logique de rente, de contrôle des contributions et d'évangélisation, construit un modèle basé sur les réductions indigènes", puis sur les "intendances" qui sont à l'origine des départements. Depuis 18/b, sur la base de six recensements, on remarque l'importance des pôles principaux (supérieurs a cent mille habitants) et secondaires (entre cinquante mille et cent mille habitants) en tant qu organisateurs importants de l'espace exerçant une fonction d'attraction et d'influence sur es zones proches (intégration) et générant en même temps un processus de fracture territoriale (dualité) qui s exprime dans les sous régions de coopération et complémentaire. En définitive ces sous régions forment des méga-espaces très «articulés» dont la nature et I'"échelle" diffèrent énormément de la division politique départementale. Une approche basée sur cette construction à partir des acteurs locaux et du rôle de l'agriculture serait utile pour la décentralisationThe manner of this investigation is to better understand and explain the way in which the space in central and southern Peru has been occupied since 1532, the year of the Spanish conquest up until the present day; stressing the year 1876 the date of the first census. Our work has three parts. Beginning with a general view of the changing demographics during the colonial period of 1532 to1821, displaying the break down of the pre-Hispanic model, which was based on the use of the great kingdoms and the access to and use of different yet complimentary agro-ecological land. The colonial system using the capitalistic logic of income and thus control through taxation as well as evangelization, created a model based on the "reduction of the indigenous peoples" and then on "administrative divisions" which gave origin to the current political departments. Since 1876, based on six censuses, the importance of the principal poles has become obvious as originally more than 100,000 inhabitants occupied the land and by the second census there was a dramatic drop to between only 50,000 to100,000 inhabitants. Thus these primary poles have been understood as the great organizers of space, exercising a function of attraction and influence on their closely interconnected areas through integration while dually engendering a simultaneous process of territorial fracturing, which was expressed through the cooperation of complementary sub-regions. In short, through the creation and division of political departments these sub-regions form mega-spaces, which are very articulated and differ enormously in their natural resources and scale. The focus based on this construction, starting with the local actors and the role of agriculture, will be useful for further decentralization
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Moreno, Durán Álvaro. "Les déplacements forcés de population colombiennes et leurs effets à la frontière équatorienne." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082509.
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En étudiant les déplacements de populations colombiennes et leurs effets à la frontière équatorienne cette thèse analyse à la fois l'intensification des déplacements transfrontaliers suite aux politiques nationales dérivées du “Nouvel Ordre Mondial”. Et la manière dont les populations colombiennes regroupées dans une bourgade équatorienne s'engagent dans des stratégies de survie qui les conduisent à restructurer leurs stratégies identitaires, individuelles et collectives, sur base d'auto- reconnaissance, de reconnaissance de l'autre et d'identification des éléments de l'habitus primaireThe study´s time frame is 2002-3. How does the phenomenon of the forced transborder displacement of Colombian people to Sucumbíos (Ecuador) manifest itself? What is the social, economic and political impact among the displaced as well as the local (Ecuadorian) population? Are there basic elements of collective identity that influence its restructuring among the displaced and their livelihood strategies in the new milieu? The research uses two theoretical strands: one regarding international relations and the wider political arena; and sociological perspective focussing on livelihood patterns and a qualitative fieldwork method of observation, classification, comparison and analysis, selecting primary written sources and field interviews to collect fragments of life histories. The thesis concludes that: (a) the increase of the forced displacement phenomenon across the border is directly influenced by government policies derived from international plans in the context of the New World Order, and (b) the displaced are able to re-structure their collective identity in the new mileu on the basis of their strategy of self-recognition and recognition of the other, both expressed in social practices, with reference to their life paths and identifying the elements of the primary habitus
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Ercole, Robert d'. "Vulnérabilité des populations face au risque volcanique : le cas de la région du volcan Cotopaxi (Equateur)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE19018.
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A partir du cas equatorien dont le choix est en grande partie lie a la catastrophe colombienne du 13 novembre 1985 (eruption du nevado del ruiz), nous proposons une etude de la vulnerabilite des populations face au risque volcanique. L'approche de cette vulnerabilite se veut globale. La composante physique du risque ne constitue pas une fin en soi mais la base d'une recherche, fondee sur une longue campagne d'enquetes, qui privilegie la composante humaine, cette derniere passant generalement au second plan dans les travaux de planification preventive. Le poids des facteurs de vulnerabilite diverge selon le lieu ou le groupe social considere. Cependant si celui des facte urs cognitifs (perception du risque, connaissance des moyens de protection) est loin d'etre negligeable, ce sont surtout les facteurs economiques, sociaux, culturels et logistiques qui semblent devoir surtout influencer les comportements humains lors d'une eventuelle situation d'urgence. En depit de ces contraintes, la these tend a montrer que le risque dit "naturel" n'est pas une fatalite, meme dans les pays en voie de developpement, des lors que se manifeste une veritable volonte politique appuyee par des outils de decision appropries. Pour cela, un effort particulier a ete place sur le plan methodologique, notamment sur une cartogra phie destinee a mettre en evidence des types et des niveaux de vulnerabilite de la population exposee au cotopaxi, dont la connaissance est indispensable avant de s'engager dans des actions preventives localesWe are proposing a study on the vulnerability of populations in the face of volcanic hazards primely based on the ecuadorian area case, mainly chosen because of its relation to the colombian catastrophe of nov. 13th 85 (e ruption of nevado del ruiz volcano). We aimed to a global approach of this vulnerability. The physical component of the risk doesn't make up an end in itself , but the first element of a research based on an investigation campain regarding mainly the human component, this latte r beeing generally put in low priority in preventive planification studies. The vulnerability factor weight varies upon the location, or the social group considered. However if the cognitive facto r (hazard perception and assessment of protection means) is far from beeing negligeable, it's mainly the economic, socia l, cultural and logistic factors that seem to influence the human behaviour in the event of an emergency situation. In spite of these constraints, research study tends to show that the so called "natural" risk is not a fatality, even in third world countries as long as there is a true political concern for it, backed up with the proper means of decision. In that view, particular effort has been put on the methodological aspects, and specially on a cartography that put int o light various types and levels of vulnerability of population exposed to the risk of cotopaxi volcano, elements that seems indispensable to be known before starting to get involved with preventive local actions
Books on the topic "Andean populations"
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Andean journeys: Migration, ethnogenesis, and the state in colonial Quito. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995.
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Myka, Frank P. Decline of indigenous populations: The case of the Andaman Islanders. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 1993.
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Lambright, Anne. Andean Truths. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781382516.001.0001.
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Andean Truths: Transitional Justice, Ethnicity, and Cultural Production in Post-Shining Path Peru studies how literature, drama, film, and the visual arts contest the dominant narrative of national peace and reconciliation, as constructed by Peru’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Established in 2001, the Commission aimed to ‘investigate and make public the truth’ of the country’s twenty-year civil war, drawing upon homologous predecessors that provided a highly scripted model of truth-gathering and national healing. In this model, a predetermined collective mourning, catharsis, and reconciliation would move the nation forward in a consensually-determined fashion. Andean Truths shows that the Peruvian case proves internationally-endorsed models insufficient for arriving at the ‘truth’ of a national trauma that primarily affected disenfranchised ethnic groups, namely, the Andean Quechua speaking populations that accounted for the overwhelming majority of victims of the violence. Even as scholars recognize the importance of bringing multiple voices to the table in discussing post-Shining Path Peru, the question remains of what a more Andean-oriented transitional justice process might entail. Drawing on theories of decoloniality, intercultural communication and epistemological diversity (following scholars such as Enrique Dussel, Aníbal Quijano and Boaventura de Sousa Santos), this book analyzes cultural products, from the theater of Yuyachkani to the narrative of Oscar Colchado Lucio, the art of Edilberto Jiménez, and other popular artistic responses, that highlight Andean understandings of the conflict and its aftermath. These cultural products challenge dominant understandings of the conflict and question Peru’s ability to overcome its collective trauma without seriously reconsidering prevailing cultural paradigms.
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Kosiba, Steve. Cultivating Empire. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.22.
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The Inca Empire extended across myriad Andean environments where indigenous peoples had previously developed diverse, locally sustainable practices of agricultural intensification and land modification. Inca expansion disrupted these indigenous landscapes by introducing new laborers, tribute obligations, and land divisions. Many Inca agricultural facilities, such as state farms and estates, were primarily designed to satisfy the demands of the imperial nobility and military, and introduced social contradictions between state officials and commoners that reshaped Andean landscapes. Some subject populations withstood or even resisted Inca domination by continuing traditional farming practices despite the development and implementation of state agrarian infrastructure.
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Covey, R. Alan. Inca Apocalypse. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299125.001.0001.
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This book describes a period of several decades during the sixteenth century when conquistadores, Catholic friars, and imperial officials attempted to conquer the Inca Empire and impose Spanish colonial rule. When Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca warlord Atahuallpa at Cajamarca in 1532, European Catholics and Andean peoples interpreted the event using long-held beliefs about how their worlds would end, and what the next era might look like. The Inca world did not end at Cajamarca, despite some popular misunderstandings of the Spanish conquest of Peru. In the years that followed, some Inca lords resisted Spanish rule, but many Andean nobles converted to Christianity and renegotiated their sovereign claims into privileges as Spanish subjects. Catholic empire took a lifetime to establish in the Inca world, and it required the repeated conquest of rebellious conquistadores, the reorganization of native populations, and the economic overhaul of diverse Andean landscapes. These disruptive processes of modern world-building carried forward old ideas about sovereignty, social change, and human progress. Although they are overshadowed by the Western philosophies and technologies that drive our world today, those apocalyptic relics remain with us to the present.
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Alconini, Sonia, and Alan Covey, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Incas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.001.0001.
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When Spaniards invaded their realm in 1532, the Incas ruled the largest empire of the pre-Columbian Americas. Just over a century earlier, military campaigns began to extend power across a broad swath of the Andean region, bringing local societies into new relationships with colonists and officials who represented the Inca state. With Cuzco as its capital, the Inca Empire encompassed a multitude of peoples of diverse geographic origins and cultural traditions dwelling in the outlying provinces and frontier regions. Bringing together an international group of well-established scholars and emerging researchers, this Handbook is dedicated to revealing the origins of this empire, as well as its evolution and aftermath. The scope of this Handbook is comprehensive. It places the century of Inca imperial expansion within a broader historical and archaeological context, and then turns from Inca origins to the imperial political economy and institutions that facilitated expansion. Several chapters describe religious power in the Andes, as well as the special statuses that staffed the state religion, maintained records, served royal households, and produced fine craft goods to support state activities. The Incas did not disappear in 1532, and the volume continues into the colonial and later periods, exploring not only the effects of the Spanish Conquest on the lives of the indigenous populations, but also the cultural continuities and discontinuities. Moving into the present, the volume ends with an overview of the ways in which the image of the Inca and the pre-Columbian past is memorialized and reinterpreted by contemporary Andeans.
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Census of India, 2011: Andaman & Nicobar Islands : Paper. Port Blair: Director of Census Operations, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, 2011.
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Myka, Frank P. History repeats itself in the Andaman Islands: A record of government policies and depopulation. 1991.
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Zehmisch, Philipp. Manifestations of History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199469864.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 analyses manifestations of history, that is, concrete historical legacies of power and knowledge in present-day Andaman society. The first section discusses the impact of hegemonic nationalist rhetoric—highlighting the role of bourgeois nationalist freedom fighters incarcerated in the Andamans—on the local sense and perception of history. The first section aims to show how politics of recognition influence the ways in which community actors constitute their present by narrating the subaltern past. The second section focuses on the manifestation of criminality as a crucial relation between the state and the population in the here and now. It shows that Andaman actors construct contemporary identities by referring to the criminal past of convicts deported to the islands; moreover, the institutionalization of criminality within the economic system of the Andaman divides the population into elite actors profiting from the black-market sector and subalterns whose participation in the same system brings them into continuous conflict with the law.
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Thompson, Lonnie G., and Alan L. Kolata. Twelfth Century AD. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0008.
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Climate is a fundamental and independent variable of human existence. Given that 50 percent of the Earth’s surface and much of its population exist between 30oN and 30oS, paleoenvironmental research in the Earth’s tropical regions is vital to our understanding of the world’s current and past climate change. Most of the solar energy that drives the climate system is absorbed in these regions. Paleoclimate records reveal that tropical processes, such as variations in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have affected the climate over much of the planet. Climatic variations, particularly in precipitation and temperature, play a critical role in the adaptations of agrarian cultures located in zones of environmental sensitivity, such as those of the coastal deserts, highlands, and altiplano of the Andean region. Paleoclimate records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 masl) in highland Peru that extend back ~1800 years show good correlation between precipitation and the rise and fall of pre-Hispanic civilizations in western Peru and Bolivia. Sediment cores extracted from Lake Titicaca provide independent evidence of this correspondence with particular reference to the history of the pre-Hispanic Tiwanaku state centered in the Andean altiplano. Here we explore, in particular, the impacts of climate change on the development and ultimate dissolution of this altiplano state.
Book chapters on the topic "Andean populations"
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Arriaza, B. "Preparation of the dead in coastal Andean preceramic populations." In Human Mummies, 131–40. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6565-2_13.
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Cole, Donald C., Fernando Carpio, Jim A. Julian, and Ninfa León. "Health Impacts of Pesticide Use in Carchi Farm Populations." In Economic, Environmental, and Health Tradeoffs in Agriculture: Pesticides and the Sustainability of Andean Potato Production, 209–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4854-2_9.
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Legrand-Galarza, Valérie. "An Archive on The Intangible Cultural Heritage of Andean Populations In Peru And Bolivia." In Digital Audiovisual Archives, 63–104. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118561997.ch4.
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Mueller, William H., Patricia Soto-Heim, and Victoria Schull. "Heterozygosity and Physical Growth in an Andean Population." In Studies in Human Biology, 133–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2141-2_10.
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Danda, Dipali, and Sumit Mukherjee. "The Onge Population." In Dilemma of Development among the Onge of Andaman, 89–118. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003242642-4.
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Kędzierski, Maciej, and Dominik Gargol. "Bioclimate of the Andaman Islands and Its Impact on the Lives of the Native and Non-native Populations of the Archipelago." In Environmental Geography of South Asia, 97–111. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55741-8_6.
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Covey, R. Alan. "Overturning Andean Landscapes." In Inca Apocalypse, 451–90. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299125.003.0012.
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This chapter looks at the viceroy Francisco de Toledo’s efforts to ensure the flow of silver and tax revenue to the Spanish Crown. Although mining served as the backbone of the colonial economy—and its demand for labor shaped the discussion of race and human rights in the Andes—the introduction of Old World crops and herd animals also helped to transform Andean economies that produced commodities and provided tax revenues and labor for Spanish ventures. Toledo ordered the resettlement of dispersed native populations as a way to undermine Inca-era beliefs, economic practices, and social hierarchies. He matched his attempts to reduce the Inca world to Spanish-style communities with an assault on the “savage” people living beyond the southern frontier. Despite Toledo’s overhaul of Andean life, Philip II continued to be interested in the Incas and their way of ruling the Andes, and he ordered the large-scale collection of new geographic reports describing the Inca world and its development under Spanish rule. A decade later, Philip claimed absolute ownership over lands across the Inca world.
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"Indigenous Anatomies." In Andean Ontologies, edited by María Cecilia Lozada, 99–116. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056371.003.0004.
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As bioarchaeologists who deal directly with the human body, we often neglect emic understandings of the body that are important to interpreting the worldview of indigenous populations. In this paper, Andean notions of the body are presented using indigenous terminology in an effort to highlight dramatic differences in body concept interpretation. Furthermore, three bioarchaeological Andean case studies will be presented to illustrate perceptions of the age and wellness in different archaeological contexts. It is suggested that highly contextualized and multidisciplinary research questions need to be developed in an effort to interpret emic social and cultural dimensions of the living and dead body and mortuary practices.
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Covey, R. Alan. "Conquering Andean Hearts and Minds." In Inca Apocalypse, 363–410. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299125.003.0010.
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Complementing the military and political narrative already presented, this chapter discusses the lack of progress made toward the Christian conversion of native Andeans by the mid-1500s. The first Spaniards in Peru not only failed to promote their missionary project, but proved to be bad Christians themselves. Andean lords, including many Inca women and men, embraced Christianity as a way to protect their noble status, but rural populations remained largely ignorant of Catholic doctrine, living on a landscape that friars and priests saw under demonic control. Rural conversion gradually proceeded after Spanish civil wars died down, and those missionary efforts reflected the changing Catholic orthodoxy being defined by the Council of Trent. Many of the priests fighting Andean idolatry blamed the independent Incas living in Vilcabamba, despite the growing diplomatic contacts that were defusing the threat that the Vilcabamba Incas posed to Spanish Peru. Rather than the Incas, it was young Spaniards and men of mixed heritage whose plots against royal officials threatened royal rule during the 1560s.
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Prieto, Gabriel, and Daniel H. Sandweiss. "Introduction." In Maritime Communities of the Ancient Andes, 1–36. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066141.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 places the volume in historical and theoretical contexts. It includes a detailed summary of each chapter and suggests directions for future research. In brief review, the archaeological study of Andean Maritime Communities in the Central Andes can be traced back to the beginning of the twentieth century to an article about the prehistoric fishermen of the Peruvian central coast. Since then, a number of scholars have devoted significant attention to the importance of the sea in ancient Prehispanic societies. These studies have focused on marine iconography and ideology, watercraft and fishing technology, diet and protein input provided by marine products, and climatic changes that have been affecting fishermen populations since the Pleistocene Epoch.
Conference papers on the topic "Andean populations"
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Eichstaedt, Christina, Luca Pagani, Tiago Antao, Charlotte Inchley, Alexia Cardona, Alexander Mörseburg, Florian Clemente, et al. "New evidence of genetic adaptation to high altitude in Andean populations." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1274.
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Sanabria-Salas, Maria Carolina, Gustavo Adolfo Hernández-Suárez, Adriana Umaña-Pérez, Martha Lucía Serrano-Pérez, Myriam Sánchez de Gómez, Martha Patricia Rojas, Jovanny Zabaleta, Konrad Rawlik, and Albert Tenesa. "Abstract PR08: The role of genetic structure in Colombian coastal and Andean populations on disparities in colorectal adenomas and cancer risk." In Abstracts: Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; November 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, Georgia. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-pr08.
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Lopez Jove, Orlando R., Santiago Arce, Rene Chavez, Alejandro Alaniz, Maria Chiapella, Diana Lancellotti, Hernando Sala, and Eduardo L. De Vito. "Pulse Oxygen Saturation In An Andean Population." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5810.
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Lopez Jove, Orlando R., Eduardo L. De Vito, Santiago Arce, René Chavez, Alejandro Alaniz, Diana Lancellotti, Maria Chiapella, et al. "Normal Spirometric Values In An Andean Highland Population." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5809.
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Pettinger, Alfred M., and Robert Montgomery. "Project Management Considerations of Pipelines Crossing the Andes." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31303.
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Pipeline operators, contractors and governments face important challenges when planning, designing, constructing and operating pipelines which connect the hydrocarbon reserves in the Amazonian basin with population and shipping centers on the Pacific coast. These pipelines cross portions of the Amazonian rainforest, the mountain rainforest along the eastern flank of the Andes, the Andean plateau, and the rural and urban low lying desert areas along the Pacific coast. The need for these pipelines will continue and offers a tremendous opportunity to promote sustainable economic development. However, there are several challenges in safeguarding the integrity of the pipeline, environment, local population, and socio-economic fabric of the region. Failure to properly address these risks could have significant financial, engineering, environmental and social, or reputational consequences for operators, contractors, financiers and governments. In this context, companies need to understand the specific challenges present and implement an encompassing project and risk management strategy that entails leadership, team work, effective communication and collaboration in a manner that proactively meets anticipated needs and responds to evolving conditions. During design and construction management, engineers and scientists are challenged by geology, topography, limited or no field data, limited access to the right-of-way (RoW), and socio-environmental aspects. Major training efforts are needed for the construction workforce, in a manner applicable to educational and cultural characteristics. Special road safety measures are required and in many instances the right-of-way will be the only means of transporting construction material. Other special logistical challenges are presented by the rich cultural history of the Andes. During operation, special consideration needs to be given to external natural hazards like landslides, soil creep, seismicity, and river scour. Management needs to maintain good communication with all parties affected by the project and proactively promote broad socio-economic development in the project area. The recognition of these specific challenges and upfront investment will facilitate mutually beneficial project advancement and be of particular benefit in instances of anticipatable but uncontrollable events. This paper describes several of these challenges and provides guidance on how to minimize project specific risks and adverse effects to society and environment.
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Algbory, Raghad, Liannie C. Velazquez Santana, Claire McLeod, and Barry Shaulis. "TRACKING AMPHIBOLE CRYSTAL POPULATIONS IN CONTINENTAL ARC MAGMAS THROUGH STUDY OF ANDESITES AND HORNBLENDITE CUMULATES IN THE CENTRAL ANDES, BOLIVIA." In 54th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020nc-347987.
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Kuiken, Hendrik J., Sabin Dhakal, Laura M. Selfors, Jett P. Crowdis, Hyo-eun C. Bhang, Frank Stegmeier, Gordon B. Mills, and Joan S. Brugge. "Abstract 3957: Characterization of functional heterogeneity andin vivodynamics of clonal cell populations derived from the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3957.
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Gabillaud-Poillion, Florence. "Radium Diagnosis Campaign." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59327.
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In line with the approaches already adopted in France during the 90s on various sites where research and/or radium-extraction activities were mostly conducted in the past, the French public authorities wish from now on to pursue their prevention and site-rehabilitation approach inherited from the French craftsman and medical sectors that used that radioelement. As a matter of fact, radium has been in use in several medical activities, notably in the initial methods of cancer therapy. Similarly, it was also used in some craftsman activities, such as the clock industry, for its radioluminescent properties, the fabrication of lightning conductors or cosmetics until the 60s. Those activities have generated various traces of pollution that have remained today. On the basis of the different inventories of industrial sites where radium may have been held or used, and notably the inventory updated by the French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (Institut de radioprotection et de suˆrete´ nucle´aire – IRSN) in 2007 at the request of the French Nuclear Safety Authority (Autorite´ de suˆrete´ nucle´aire – ASN), French State services have potentially identified 134 sites that hosted radium-related activities in France. The radiological status of those sites is either unknown or very partially known by State services. Sites include both dwellings or commercial premises and derelict lands. The “Radium Diagnosis Campaign” (Operation Diagnostic Radium), consists of a radiological survey carried out by the IRSN. In cases where traces of radium are detected, plans call for the implementation of precautionary measures and of a medical follow-up of the relevant populations. Lastly, radium-contaminated sites are rehabilitated by the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Agence nationale pour la gestion des de´chets radioactifs – Andra). That voluntary and positive approach on the part of public authorities is fully financed by public funds, and consequently, at no cost for the tenants of the premises involved, whether it involves the diagnosis, the individual health follow-up or the rehabilitation. The first diagnosis phase, which focused on the Iˆle-de-France Region (Paris and suburbs), was launched in September 2010. At the end of the year, six sites grouping a total of 40 premises or dwellings had already been fully surveyed. Traces of pollution were detected on 10 of those premises where rehabilitation activities are already under way. So far, that approach has been received favourably by the populations concerned.
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Buthelezi, Makhosi. "Phylogenetic relationships of the groundnut leafminer,Aproaerema simplexella(Walker), andA. modicella(Deventer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations collected from Africa, Australia and India based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA gene sequences." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110908.
Full textReports on the topic "Andean populations"
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Erika Victoria Berrocal Rodriguez, Erika Victoria Berrocal Rodriguez. 5th International Bird Banding Course & 1st Certification Session in Peru: Promoting research in Andean bird populations. Experiment, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/9247.
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