Relevant bibliographies by topics / Andi Folk literature

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Andi Folk literature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Andi Folk literature"

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Karma, Rudi, and Muhlis Muhlis. "Local Authority of Bugis Oral Literary “Caritana Andi Sessu” and its Emforcement in the Perspective of Character Education." Journal of Indonesian Language Education and Literary 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/jilel.v4i2.1128.

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Literary learning is a series of learning that integrated with the teaching of Indonesian and it was taught at all educational levels. The common problem is the lack of learning materials related to literature in the form of stories which are the local wisdom of local students, especially in Wajo Regency. Whereas the existence of these folklore in the community has always existed which incarnated into various forms of oral literature such as Folk song. This study is a qualitative research with data that is the focus of research is the classic Bugis story (literature) contained in the singing of the Buginese people's Pakkacapi. The objective and urgency of the research in this study is the existence of Pakkacapi which has very rarely made the existence of a classic Bugis story contained in it also endangered. Data collection techniques used are interview and documentation techniques as well as data analysis techniques by doing repeated readings that focus full attention on the elements that provide an overview of the local wisdom of the Bugis community contained in the text. The results of this study are (1) Bugis song “Ceritana Andi Sessu” contains forms of local wisdom in it even though there is an implied directly depicted and some are not directly described. (2) The elements of local wisdom basically have accommodated and become part of the values of character education (3) The values of local wisdom in the story of Andi Sessu are in accordance with or relevant to the values of religious character education, honest, loving the motherland, responsible, democratic, nationalism, respect for achievement, and social care. (4). The application of "Andi Sessu's story " as a literary learning material in schools can only be applied at the Middle School and Senior High School levels with the assistance of teachers at the Junior High School level.
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AVDYLİ, Merxhan, and Veli KRYEZİU. "Folk Songs about Canakkale in Albanian History and Literature." Rast Müzikoloji Dergisi 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 289–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12975/rastmd.20221028.

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Albanian culture coexisted for a period of over 500 years with Ottoman culture, at the turn of the new century, along with the Balkan troubles that led to the continued embrace of the transition from an old culture to the ideology of the Young Turk movement, and the continuation of joint Albanian-Turkish actions, in order to protect the Albanian Vilayets from the Serbo-Montenegrin occupiers. Early nineteenth-century Turkey emerged from bloody wars on all sides of its borders and from a weak government led by Abdul Hamid II faced a new war in 1915 now in defense of the Dardanelles in the bloodiest battle "The Battle of Canakkale". The First World War found Albanians divided and occupied in some of its territories, however, from 1912 Albania had declared Independence, but Kosovo, Skopje and Bitola, Ulcinj and Bar had remained outside the borders, while Chameria - the South of Albania had been invaded by Greece. During the First World War a large number of Albanians remained in the Turkish military service, many others joined the Turkish army, mainly Albanians who had migrated to Turkey from the violence of the Serbo-Montenegrin invaders, as well as some more from Kosovo, Skopje, Tetovo, Presevo, Shkodra, Ulcinj, etc who volunteered to help the Turkish army. According to history, oral literature and written documents, many Albanians died heroically, it is said that about 25,000 martyrs had died in this battle. In their honor, the Albanian people composed songs, it is worth mentioning the "song dedicated to the Battle of Canakkale" by the most prominent folklorists of the Albanian nation. Our research was done through a semi-structured interview with: 5 teachers of Albanian literature (at the same time master’s students at the University "Kadri Zeka" in Gjilan, Kosovo); 5 history teachers (at the same time master’s students at the University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Prishtina, Kosovo); 2 independent researchers from the Institute of History "Ali Hadri" Prishtina, Kosovo.
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Alexandrova, Elmira K. "Lithuanian Folk Songs in V. Ivanov’s Translation." Studia Litterarum 7, no. 2 (2022): 318–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2022-7-2-318-343.

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he study is devoted to the publication of Vyacheslav Ivanov’s Russian translation for Lithuanian folk songs, made for unpublished collection of Lithuanian literature (“Sbornik litovskoj literatury,” Petrograd, [1915–1917]; ed. by Iu. Baltrushaitis, M. Gorky). Around the same time, Baltrushaitis was the editor-compiler and translator of the collection of Lithuanian folklore at the publishing house of M. Sabashnikov. This project was also not implemented. Ivanov’s work on Lithuanian translations is chronologically close to his participation in other collections of national literatures. In an extensive introductory article, the author reconsctucts the history of the creation of translations from Lithuanian, using the correspondence of V. Ivanov, Y. Baltrushaitis, M. Sabashnikov. The research shows that Ivanov’s work on translations for the Lithuanian collection stretched from the beginning of 1916 to the summer months, when the poet’s family lived in a village near Sochi. The preamble also contains information about the first publication of an incomplete collection of these translations, made in 1973 by Yu. Tumyalis using unauthorized typescript from the Manuscript Department of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore (Vilnius). In this publication, the texts of Ivanov’s translations are given by autographs from the Manuscript Department of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskiy Dom) of RAS and the Roman Archive of Vyach. Ivanov. The textual comments describe the currently available sources of Ivanov’s translations, such as correspondence of Iu. Baltrushaitis, epistolary materials of others, Ivanov’s preparatory materials, manuscripts, translations from the archival storages of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Rome, Vilnius.
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Kelsey, W. Michael, and Damiana L. Eugenio. "Philippine Folk Literature: An Anthology." Asian Folklore Studies 44, no. 2 (1985): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1178523.

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Retherford, Robert, and Damiana L. Eugenio. "Philippine Folk Literature: The Myths." Asian Folklore Studies 56, no. 1 (1997): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1178808.

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Lindell, Kristina, and Damiana Eugenio. "ASEAN Folk Literature: An Anthology." Asian Folklore Studies 58, no. 1 (1999): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1178896.

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Wood, Juliette, and Wolfgang Mieder. "Tradition and Innovation in Folk Literature." Modern Language Review 84, no. 4 (October 1989): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3731167.

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Jones, Steven Swann, and Wolfgang Mieder. "Tradition and Innovation in Folk Literature." Journal of American Folklore 101, no. 401 (July 1988): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/540484.

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Hiroyuki, Araki, and Wolfgang Mieder. "Tradition and Innovation in Folk Literature." Asian Folklore Studies 50, no. 2 (1991): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1178394.

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MILLER, Royce W. "The Sephardim and their Folk Literature." Revue des Études Juives 152, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/rej.152.1.2012662.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Andi Folk literature"

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Bellew, Sheilah Marie. "Integrating folk literature into a meaning center curriculum." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/709.

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Strain, Catherine Benson. "Folk Medicine in Southern Appalachian Fiction." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/720.

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The region of Southern Appalachia, long known for its colorful storytellers, is also rich in folk medical lore and practice. In their Appalachian novels, Lucy Furman, Emma Bell Miles, Mildred Haun, Catherine Marshall, Harriette Arnow, Lee Smith, and Charles Frazier, feature folk medicine prominently in their narratives. The novels studied, set against the backdrop of the rise of official medicine, are divided into three major time periods that correspond to important chapters in the history of American medicine: the 1890s through the 1930s; the 1940s through the 1960s; and the 1970s through the present. The study of folk medicine, a sub-specialty of the academic discipline of folklore, gains significance with the current rise in distrust of official medicine and a return to medical folkways of our past. The authors studied here have performed an ethnological role in collecting and preserving with great care and authenticity many of the Appalachian regionÆs folk medical beliefs and practices.
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譚達先 and Tat-sin Tam. "Folk literature and the Zaju (Northern drama) of the YuanDynasty, 1279-1368." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31232395.

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何倬榮 and Cheuk-wing Ho. "Engendering children: from folk tales to fairy tales." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227363.

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Williams, Shawn Lamar. ""The people's champion" : folk heroism and the oral artistry of Muhammad Ali." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2000. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/460.

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Long after a career that was as much marred by criticism as marked by accomplishment, Muhammad Au receives considerable public acclaim for his athletic accomplishments and his humanitarianism. However, no scholarly attention has been given to this man as a literary force who, through the power of his word, impacted the consciousness of this nation and world. This dissertation examines Ali as an artist operating within the context of African and African American oral literary traditions and will explore the impact of his oratory on the sociopolitical consciousness of this country. The analysis of the oral literature of Muhammad Ali, which consists of his lectures, interviews, and poetry, will involve an assessment of those aspects that make it a manifestation of the verbal culture of Africa and African America. Moreover, the study illustrates the degree to which the rhetoric and verse reflects both African-American national consciousness (i.e., black nationalism) and African folkloric tradition. In his creation of himself Ali utilizes traditional African and African American mythoforms like the trickster, the Badman, and the culture hero. In this respect, Muhammad Ali is the only athlete to emerge as an Afrocentric cultural hero. This subject encompasses matter of literature, African American studies, speech communications, and popular culture.
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Mora, Pablo. "An encounter between Andean folktale values and biblical values." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Christiansen, Anna P. "The Underground Gang: Cyclist Group Identity as Expressed Throughout Folk Art, Folk Events, Narratives, and Community Spaces." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4467.

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This thesis is a study of the “underground” cycling community in Ogden, Utah. Countercultural cycling micro-communities exist across the United States, if not the world, but have not yet been thoroughly studied by folklorists. This research establishes a foundational understanding of the nature of underground cycling culture, particularly in relation to identity. Using folkloric definitions of identity and subculture as my foundation, I examine four different facets of cyclist activities: folk art, folk events, narratives, and the community’s use of space. These four facets provide a variety of lenses through with to examine actualized, expressive cyclist behavior. Each facet also illustrates the different levels (personal, community, and global) at which identity is performed. The most personal performances of cyclist identity are through the folk art of modified bicycles. Modifications tend to reflect the personality of the cyclist, and consequently a bicycle comes to hold much symbolism for the cyclist. The communitylevel studies consisted of examining group events where I observed how the group interacted with itself. The performance and participation in activities are what constitutes an actual cycling community, rather than a series of individual cyclists. The examination of narratives moves outward to contextualize the cycling microcommunity within the larger Ogden community. This chapter explores the role of conflict, illustrates how cyclists think of themselves, and illustrates how cyclists define themselves in opposition to motorists. The community spaces examination looks at the use of physical space versus digital space. These spaces illustrate how the community behaves amongst itself versus how the community behaves amongst the larger, online, Utah cycling community. The physical space reflected the creativity and utilitarian needs of the group. The restrictive digital spaces manage to be expressive through images and language. Internal group conflict occurs more often online, however, due to infractions of implicit group etiquette, possibly as a symptom of a less personal form of interaction. The marginalized, cyclist identity seemed to hold the greatest rewards at the more intimate, personal levels. Moving outward towards broader community-level contests, cyclist identity seems to become a source of conflict.
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Kim, Christine. "Munui (문의): Modern Adaptations of Korean Folk and Fairy Tales." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1911.

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Mortensen, Camilla Henriette. "Healing the handless maiden : women's (counter) narrative and the recuperation of agency /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3061959.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-239). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Vane, Jake D. "Prayer, Sacrifice, and Service: Themes in the Mormon Folk Narrative Tradition." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1272.

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The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the Mormon folk group. Specifically, I aimed to analyze the Mormon folk narratives that center on three core values of Mormonism: prayer, sacrifice, and service. This project was an introductory approach, pointing the field of Mormon folk studies toward the study of these three narrative types. As these themes are central to Mormonism, my purpose was to offer more insight and understanding about Latter-day Saints. Looking at these stories, I examined the ways in which Latter-day Saints believe and practice the doctrinal principles that undergird these themes. Furthermore, I discussed the manner in which and the purposes for which Latter-day Saints share these narratives. I analyzed each of the three narrative types in terms of their history, context, structure and patterns, performance qualities and functions, and meaning. This study examined narratives that I collected from various places in Utah. The stories that I collected through interviews formed the foundation of my study. Additionally, I obtained stories by observing storytelling events and conversing interpersonally and in small groups with Latter-day Saints. In order to obtain a larger sampling, I collected some stories from LDS published works. I ended up compiling at least thirty stories for each narrative type. The results of the study included a greater understanding of how prayer, sacrifice, and service operate in Latter-day Saint life. Answered-prayer narratives were found to be a critical aspect of Mormon supernatural belief, as Latter-day Saints seek to involve God in everyday life. Narratives of sacrifice revealed the various ways in which Mormons seek to give up valued activities and interests in order to draw closer to God. Furthermore, service narratives exposed how Latter-day Saints commit themselves to service upon joining the Church and subsequently participate in a multitude of various service opportunities. My analysis of these three narrative types demonstrated essential aspects of what it means to be Mormon.
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Books on the topic "Andi Folk literature"

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Umakhanov, Khalidbeg. Andiĭt︠s︡y pomni︠a︡t. Makhachkala: Izd-vo "I︠U︡piter", 1999.

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Sazdov, Tome. Macedonian folk literature. Skopje: Macedonian Review Editions, 1987.

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Dương, Đình Khuê. The Vietnamese folk literature. Baltimore (1001 N. Calvert St., Baltimore 21202): Gateway Press, 1988.

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Sulima, Roch. Folklor i literatura: Szkice o kulturze i literaturze współczesnej. 2nd ed. Warszawa: Ludowa Spółdzielnia Wydawnicza, 1985.

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Johannes, Wilbert, and Simoneau Karin, eds. Folk literature of the Nivaklé Indians. Los Angeles, Calif: UCLA Latin American Center Publications, University of California, Los Angeles, 1987.

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N, Afanasʹev A. Narod-khudozhnik: Mif, folk□lor, literatura. Moskva: Sov. Rossii□a□, 1986.

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Boro, Anil. Folk literature of the Boros: An introduction. Guwahati: Adhunik Prakashan, 2001.

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Chinese and Tibetan societies through folk literature. New Delhi: Lancers Books, 1999.

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Austin, Bukenya, Kabira Wanjiku Mukabi, and Okoth-Okombo Duncan, eds. Understanding oral literature. Nairobi, Kenya: Nairobi University Press, 1994.

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Bi, Narasiṃhārāvu Ji Vi. Maukhika sahityam =: Oral literature. Bōḍapāḍu, Paścimagōdāvari Jillā: Garikapāṭi Pracuraṇalu, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Andi Folk literature"

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Huang, Yonglin. "Popular Literature, Elite Literature and Folk Literature." In Narrative of Chinese and Western Popular Fiction, 23–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57575-8_2.

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Brouwer, S. "Folk-tale and novel." In Convention and Innovation in Literature, 165. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/upal.24.10bro.

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Dabir, Prachiti. "Sanskrit literature in Maharashtra folk art Keertan." In Hinduism and Tribal Religions, 1–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1036-5_835-1.

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Dabir, Prachiti. "Sanskrit Literature in Maharashtra Folk Art Keertan." In Hinduism and Tribal Religions, 1412–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1188-1_835.

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Pettitt, Thomas. "Folk Legends and Wonder Tales." In A New Companion to English Renaissance Literature and Culture, 341–58. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444319019.ch65.

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Bhatnagar, M. R. "Phyto Conservation: Folk Literature, Mythology and Religion to its Aid." In Chemistry of Phytopotentials: Health, Energy and Environmental Perspectives, 379–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23394-4_80.

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Tomović, Nenad. "Cultural Elements in Elodie Lawton Mijatović’s Translation of Serbian Folk Tales." In Belgrade English Language and Literature Studies, 519–28. Belgrade: Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/bells90.2020.1.ch31.

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Ivanits, Linda. "Suicide and Folk Beliefs in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment." In The Golden Age of Russian Literature and Thought, 138–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22310-7_10.

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Declerck, Thierry, and Piroska Lendvai. "Linguistic and Semantic Representation of the Thompson’s Motif-Index of Folk-Literature." In Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, 151–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24469-8_17.

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O’Neill, Mo. "“Wolf within the Fold”: Satire and Animality in The Brutalitarian and The Beagler Boy." In Palgrave Studies in Animals and Literature, 227–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24872-6_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Andi Folk literature"

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Mouli, T. Sai Chandra. "Sustaining Folk Literature: A Study." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2022.7-7.

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Folk literature is integral to all languages. Verbal and nonverbal forms of folk literature are all pervasive. Verbal forms include proverbs, riddles, lullabies, tales, and ballads, among others. The nonverbal form encompasses dances, games, toys, and objects comprising ethnic designs and flavors. A community’s outlook is shaped by these forms. By and large, folk literature in South Indian languages is performance-oriented, and music is an essential component of the same. The written form has a greater status than the oral presentation. Thus ‘highbrow’ or classical literature enjoys greater status than ‘popular’ or ‘folk literature.’ For thousands of years, humans communicated orally, not with the stylus nor pen. With the advent of printing technology, the explosion of electronic media and the inconceivable impact of information technology, folk literature seems to be waning. This has survived on account of performances by people who live in rural areas and who are generally not so well educated. The same technology should be employed to further the study of folk literature and to preserve the folk literature in Asian countries, as elsewhere. Translation of folk literature into a global language such as English assists in preserving this and in offering the language a greater reach. Making use of online tools in the transmission and the sharing of data is imperative. This presentation seeks to focus attention on efforts made in this direction in South India.
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Pan, Xiaoyu. "Sing a Folk Song to You-Literature Research of Dabie Mountain Folk Songs." In International Conference on Education, Management and Computing Technology (ICEMCT-16). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemct-16.2016.104.

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Andalas, Eggy, and Hidayah Qur’ani. "Masculine Domination: Gender Construction in Indonesian Folk Literature." In Proceedings of the 1st Seminar and Workshop on Research Design, for Education, Social Science, Arts, and Humanities, SEWORD FRESSH 2019, April 27 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.27-4-2019.2286838.

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"Use and Beauty——Research on Soetsu Yanagi's Theory of Folk Art." In 2018 International Conference on Arts, Linguistics, Literature and Humanities. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icallh.2018.47.

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"A STUDY ON FOLK LITERATURE RESOURCES TO VIDEO GAME." In 15th International Conference on Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction 2021 and 14th International Conference on Game and Entertainment Technologies 2021. IADIS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33965/ihci_get2021_202105c031.

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"An examination of the study of network folk literature." In 2020 International Conference on Social and Human Sciences. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0000200.

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"The Application of Folklore Implication in the Inheritance of Folk Art." In 2017 4th International Conference on Literature, Linguistics and Arts. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/iclla.2017.34.

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Melnik, Natalya. "Ukrainian Folk Prose: Survey of Modern Social Actuals." In International Conference on New Trends in Languages, Literature and Social Communications (ICNTLLSC 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210525.008.

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Lili, Qin. "Research on Folk Literature in the age of big data." In 2020 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Application (ICCEA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccea50009.2020.00035.

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"An Investigation into Problems of the English Versions of Northern Shaanxi Folk Songs." In 2017 4th International Conference on Literature, Linguistics and Arts. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/iclla.2017.18.

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Reports on the topic "Andi Folk literature"

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Bonde, Ane, Tom Østergard-Dahl, David Moore, Mark D. Wenner, and Vanessa Ramirez. Community-Driven Rural Development: What Have We Learned? Inter-American Development Bank, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008921.

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The purpose of this paper is to identify best practices in the design and implementation of community-driven rural development (CDRD) projects in Central America with special emphasis on Nicaragua. The methodology used in this study is two-fold. First, a literature review of the academic literature (chapter 2) and donor agency project documents and consultant reports (chapter 3) for Central America was conducted to understand key advances in the field and to derive a set of common findings. Second, field inter-views with key stakeholders and focus group interviews (about 30) were held in Nicaragua, covering four different rural community development projects. The selection of communities to be interviewed (chapter 4) was done in a manner that permitted obtaining a nonrandom, but stratified sample in terms of geography (Pacific coastal plain, Central highlands, and Atlantic humid tropical forest) and type of sectoral intervention (a project that emphasized building productive agricultural activities; a project that emphasized improved on-farm natural resource management; and a project that emphasized construction of road and wharves). Findings from the review informed the fieldwork. Chapter 5 presents summary lessons learned from the field, while chapter 6 offers recommendations to improve new project design and implementation.
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O'Connor, Jack, Magdalena Mirwald, Christina Widjaja, Architesh Panda, Jessica Pinheiro, and Soenke Kreft. Technical Report: Uninsurable future. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/yodt6712.

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Insurance is a tool for financial risk management used by individuals, organizations, governments and businesses to safeguard themselves against the risk of uncertain financial losses, such as those occurring as a result of damage during an unexpected disaster. However, providing insurance in areas prone to natural hazard events (for example wildfires, droughts, storms, floods) has long been a challenge, and as extreme weather events around the world become more frequent and severe, the increasing cost of the damage they inflict is pushing the industry to breaking point in certain areas. Since the 1970s, damages from weather-related disasters have increased seven-fold, with 2022 alone seeing $313 billion in global economic losses. Climate change is dramatically shifting the landscape of risks, with the number of severe and frequent disasters forecast to double globally by 2040, causing insurance prices to rise and threatening the viability of insurance as an option for many. As we see areas around the world being hit with increasingly expensive damages and being pushed towards a tipping point of “uninsurability”, this report delves into the various underlying drivers of the problem, and the actions we can take to avoid it. This technical background report for the 2023 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the space debris risk tipping point our world is facing through an analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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3

McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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Gherman, Iulia, Victoria Cohen, Daniel Lloyd, Wioleta Trzaska, Niall Grieve, Johanna Jackson, Elaine Pegg, and Anthony Wilson. Risk of campylobacteriosis from low-throughput poultry slaughterhouses. Food Standards Agency, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xkw971.

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Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the UK. Every year there are an estimated 300,000 foodborne cases in the UK, of which more than half are related to poultry meat. Campylobacter naturally lives in the guts of poultry. Undercooked chicken meat is the main source of exposure to Campylobacter. Thorough cooking kills Campylobacter. Cross-contamination of other food or work surfaces during preparation or storage of chicken can also cause illness. Campylobacter levels are routinely monitored in chicken carcases that are processed in high-throughput slaughterhouses, but this testing is not currently carried out in some low-throughput slaughterhouses. Each high-throughput slaughterhouse processes more than 7.5 million birds per year and each low-throughput slaughterhouse processes less than 7.5 million birds per year. Of the 1 billion birds that are slaughtered annually in the UK, around 5% come from low-throughout slaughterhouses. This report estimates the difference in risk of campylobacteriosis for products from low-throughput and high-throughput poultry slaughterhouses in the UK. This was necessary work to assist the FSA in establishing an appropriate level of sampling for low-throughput slaughterhouses. We considered the whole pathway of the chicken from farm to fork using the scientific literature, data from our own survey of Campylobacter in slaughterhouses (FS9990010), and business data and information on UK levels of infection. Campylobacter levels over a 3-month period (September to December 2021) from chicken processed by low and high-throughput slaughterhouses were the main data used for our comparison. We could find no data on differences in the supply of birds to low- versus high-throughput abattoirs, and no data on differences in the use of the meat after leaving the slaughterhouses. Based on analysis of the limited survey data available, we could not detect a significant difference between the proportion of highly contaminated samples from low- and high-throughput slaughterhouses. We also could not detect a significant difference in Campylobacter levels in slaughterhouses that perform religious slaughter versus those that do not. Based on the number of chickens per year that are processed by low and high-throughput slaughterhouses, we estimated the number of Campylobacter cases in the UK annually that are likely linked to low- and high-throughput slaughterhouses respectively. Based on the evidence available, we conclude that the frequency of occurrence of campylobacteriosis in the total UK population from chicken produced in low-throughput slaughterhouses is medium and for high-throughput slaughterhouses is high, with a medium uncertainty, as a direct consequence of the relative volume of chicken produced by each type of plant. The severity of campylobacteriosis is low, with low uncertainty. This assumes that the proportion of the total domestic consumption of chicken meat originating from low-throughput slaughterhouses does not change. The current sampling regime requires samples to be taken once a week. If more than 15 out of 50 of samples have high levels of Campylobacter, this is considered a failure and mitigations need to be put in place. We predicted that if samples are taken once every two weeks or once every four weeks instead, that would still allow us to identify some slaughterhouses failing to comply with the 15/50 exceedance rate. However, identifying issues will take longer and may not detect some failing slaughterhouses. Sampling requirements are not consistently applied in low-throughput slaughterhouses, and we did not have access to data on the steps taken when slaughterhouses recorded high levels of Campylobacter. Therefore, it was not possible to state the effect of changes in sampling requirements on per-portion risk. However, due to the small proportion of total poultry meat consumed in the UK that is produced at low-throughput slaughterhouses, changes to the official sampling requirements at low-throughput slaughterhouses are unlikely to result in a large difference in the frequency of occurrence of campylobacteriosis in the UK population.
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