Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Andorre'
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Tarrene, Claudine. "Influence, contribution et engagement des femmes dans l'espace politique andorran : XXème-XXIème siècle." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0049.
Full textAndorra has become a state of law since the approval of the Constitution by the Andorran people in 1993. At the end of the 2011 elections, the Andorran Parliament, El Consell General, experienced parity without the help of public. It should be recalled that Andorran obtained the right to vote in 1970 and its eligibility three years later. What are the contributions of women in the political space to enable this country to reach European standards? Currently, an Association Agreement with the European Union is being negotiated in which women hold a key role. The influence of women in Andorran society originates from the pubilla, the sole heiress. This status, still in force and recognized by Andorran law, gives it the mission of transmitting property and preserving the family patrimony. In this cosmopolitan society where nationals represent 46% of the population, Andorrans can play a political role. This state of 468 km2 is a laboratory of ideas and actions. The 50 interviewsconducted in Catalan between May 2016 and April 2017 among Andorran ambassadors, women politicians and politicians, represents the guiding framework and the anchor material of this historical and political context
Camiade, Boyer Martina. "La casa en la comunitat andorrana del segle XVII al segle XIX : el seu paper social, economic i polític." Perpignan, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PERP0395.
Full textViader, Roland. "Pouvoirs et communautés en Andorre (IXe-XIVe siècles)." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20024.
Full textCentene, Raymond. "Le droit patrimonial de la famille dans la Principauté d'Andorre." Perpignan, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PERP0027.
Full textThe Andorran families organise their patrimonial relations freely in complex deeds : the "capitols matrimonials" which establish the matrimonial system and organise the successional devolution. One concern prevails in this organisation : the maintenance of the integrity of the patrimony in the interest of the family. Consequently, can the family be considered as a juridical body, as a legal entity ?
Galinier-Pallerola, Jean-François. "Le sentiment religieux en andorre du milieu du xvie au milieu du xixe siecle." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20013.
Full textThe religious feeling results from the action of the institutional church : clerical network and speech, livelines peculiar to popular religion, seized through devotions and testaments. Sexuality, superstition, witchcraft and crimes judged by the court, also allow to approach the sensibility of a population, and to compare moral as it is taught, to reality as it is lived. As an area, andorra belongs to the iberian world : the posttridentine catholicism puts the stress on the suffering christ, the blessed virgin, sin etc. . . But this religion of routine, without any excess, lies neither mystics, nor flagellants, nor illuminated people, nor extreme demonstrations of devotion. Catholicism is an integral part of the andorran national feeling. At the highest level, political and religion powers are merged into the person of the episcopal coprince, bishop of ugell. The clergy, thus becomes the agent of seigniorial power and the cult is the assertion of the membership of a civic community, so much that religion is unspiritualized, paradoxical outcome of the success of the roman reformation. In the first half of the xix th. Century, in spite of the apparent unanimity of religious practices, a devout minority and a minority resistant to the paschalian duty, stand out. Church cannot expel these deviatists, any longer. The main indicators of piety are falling, the political power of the bishop is contested. Probably little practised in a personal way, catholicism lies a function of a civic religion
Machado, Leão Torres Diesteffany Gil. "Les particularités juridiques de la souveraineté de la co-principauté de l'Andorre." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10007/document.
Full textThis research takes into account the creation and development of the co-sovereignty of the Principality of Andorra in 1288 between the Bishop of La Seu d'Urgel and later on the French president. While sovereignty is at the core of current legal debates, the singular situation of the co-Principality of Andorra raises the question of the different kinds of sovereignties and the influence of other States on micro-states. With its emancipation in 1994, Andorra has become an independent State willing to be part of the international community. Moreover, since, Andorra has become a member of several international organizations aiming to be part of the European Union. This last step, brings us to the question of the peculiarities of that little country and its legal consequences both inside and outside of the State
Codina, Olivier. "De fer et de laine : économie et société des vallées andorranes de 1575 à 1875." Perpignan, 2003. http://books.openedition.org/pupvd/31042.
Full textFrom the end of the XVI century until the XIX century the different transformations suffered by the Principality of Andorra, modified the structure of the society. The detailed analysis of the several evolutions affecting the land market, sheep cattle, trade, mule trade and the iron and steel works, highlighted an extensive system open to the outside and swiftly adapted to the circumstances. The multiple sources that have been used provide a sharp sight leading from the private to the political sphere. The development of the pastoral companies, followed by the forge repercuted on the increase of the market wages. The growing influence of the families controlling these economic sectors was combined with a progressive hoard of the collective resources, of arising their prominent position acquired within the different councils. From integration to exclusion, this evolution carried out a major inner crisis at the same time that the glance of neighbouring countries of the Principality was modified. In the "nation-state" century, Andorra had become anachronistic and consequently, the existence of the Principality was questioned
Almarcha, Myriam. "Migracions, llengua i ensenyament a Andorra." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0848.
Full textAndorra is a country of paradoxes : medieval and young, conservative and dynamic, catalan and international. Today is endowed with modern and democratic institutions, it is a recognized member of State of United Nations. Through the migratory movements, the variety of its educational systems and the inestable situation of the catalan, oficial language, it's her identity which is questioned. The tesis studies these questions and the perspectives for years to come
Oliveira, da Silva Diana. "Travailleurs, gestionnaires d'établissements hôteliers et institutions publiques : les acteurs du turnover dans le secteur de l'hôtellerie et de la restauration en Andorre." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20019.
Full textThe labor turnover is a common indicator used by companies for evaluating the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new ones. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the social dynamics relative to this indicator in the field of hotel and catering, an industry well-known for its high turnover rates, and in the country of Andorra, a sovereign state surrounded by France and Spain, where immigration policy is based on the fluctuations of its internal job market.To gain insights of the turnover phenomena, referring to actors and their actions, a combination of various sociological methods has been used: a six month participant observation in Andorran hotels; a survey on employees’ mobility and its motivations, be it geographic or sectorial; and finally, interviews with hotel’s human resources managers and lobbyists regarding their adaptive strategies to staff turnover.Standing at the crossroads between sociology of organizations, sociology of work, and sociology of politics on migration flow control, this thesis defines the turnover as a result of arrangements taken by employees and employers to cope with the significant variability of tourism trade activity. It also exposes the uncertainty of work conditions in Andorran hotels – time schedule and wages – as a reason for employees to leave their job. Then, by studying the social representations in the hospitality industry and the perspectives of a de-professionalization of its jobs, the perceptive “range of possibilities” consequently opened to workers on the job hunt is being explored. Finally, this thesis evaluates the impact of political recruiting tools and foreign workers’ management tools, created for the Andorran job market, on the hotel and catering sector and its employees.This thesis introduces a wider definition of the notion of turnover in sociology, by combining organizational dynamics with the study of migration policies
Pastor, Vilanova Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du droit public andorran." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10081.
Full textPublic law of Andorra is without any doubt unique. Custom is the primary source of Andorran law, whenever it does not contradict the positive legal system, especially the norms of the Constitution of 1993. The common law or "jus commune" is supplementary law in the silence of written law
Codina, Vialette Olivier. "De fer et de laine : les vallées andorranes du XVIe au XIXe siècle /." [Perpignan] : Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401012322.
Full textRabassa, Lídia. "Phonetique, phonologie et morphologie nominale du catalan andorran : le systeme et ses variations." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20024.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the linguistic situation of catalan, the official language of the andorran state. It analyses, synchronically, the evolution of this language through three age classes. It is composed of three parts. The first one is a phonetic and phonemic description of the oral material collected. The second one deals with the phonetic contact of the words (phonosyntax). The third one is about noun and adjective morphology. Through these three aspects, we study the linguistic variation that may occur within a single spiker's utterances as well as among several speakers'utterances. Our method consist in choosing three informants of different age classes for each locality concerned - contrary to the habits in traditional dialect studying-, in order to have a better view of the multiform reality of language and to detect possible breaks among indications of the stability of the system. Our methodology consists in working on a dictionnary of variables. Variation proves greater within phonetics and phonemics than within morphology, in which field it almost never occurs. The study of linguistic change through the different age groups allowed us to conclude that andorran catalan is currently going through an important mutation
ESCODA, MARCEL. "Urgences prehospitalieres dans une station touristique de montagne pendant la periode estivale : experience du pas de la casa en andorre." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31106.
Full textKlaousen, Patrick. "Les effets de l'intégration communautaire sur le régime juridique des échanges commerciaux de l'Andorre." Toulouse 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU10018.
Full textAt the moment the juridical system of trade exchanges of Andorra consists in three distinct systems: the French customs system, the Spanish one and the Andorran one. Since 1979, the perspective of an extension of the EEC to Spain and Portugal resulted, among other things, in a diplomatic process. It will lead to the substitution of these three distinct systems based on national texts) by a unique system based on a community legal act of a conventional nature between Andorra and the EEC. As the negotiation is about to start, the aim of the present study is to assess the scope of the transformations that are being planned, taking into account the vaster perspective of the normalization of Andorra’s juridical system of trade exchanges in conformity with community law. The analysis of this evolution will lead us to observe that the three components of this system knew (the French system) and are to know (Spanish and Andorran systems) the mark of community law according to diverse modalities and at a desynchronized rhythm. Nevertheless the general tendency that can be observed is a clear decline of the specificity of customs legislation ruling the trade exchanges of Andorra to a level of incompressibility, which will be materialized by the new juridical system to which the Andorra-CEE agreement will lead
Younes, Yasmina. "Réponses des communautés benthiques et piscicoles des cours d'eau d'Andorre aux perturbations d'origine anthropique : rôle des microhabitats et recherche d'outils de bioindication en milieu montagnard." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30230.
Full textResponses of benthic and fish communities to man induced disturbances in Andorran streams. Role of habitat, and biomonitoring tools setting in mountain environment. With eleven millions tourists per year for 66,000 inhabitants, Andorran ecosystems are exposed to high anthropogenic pressure. Andorran streams suffer tourism impact up from headwaters (ski resorts). Physico-chemical analyses, spatio temporal macroinvertebrate survey, use of an index panel and Trout growth features showed that water quality has become degraded since the last 25 years. Pollution hastens the simplification of the functioning structure of the communities (RCC) down from the upstream zone. Rank-frequency diagrams make possible early diagnostic in community structure degradation for sites exposed to disturbances, masked by the torrential features of the rivers. The habitat/invertebrates relationships, in the case of moderately or unpolluted mountain streams, shows that current, and consequently substrate types, is the major structuring factor of the communities in the course of the seasons. When pollution is well marked, it masks all the fauna-habitat relationships. Native trout growth could be used as quality assessment tool in the Andorran streams but the present state of these streams do not allow the survival of native trout populations in the whole downstream reaches of the main streams. Globally, this study shows the conservation need of some headwater sites in order to preserve a referential
Martzluff, Michel. "Filiations et mutations des industries lithiques au début de l'Holocène dans les Pyrénées catalanes : Epipaléolithique-Mésolithique et Néolithique ancien à la Balma de la Margineda (Andorre) et en Roussillon (France, P.-O.)." Perpignan, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PERP0177.
Full textFONT, ALBERT. "Les eaux sulfurees fortes de les escaldes (principaute d'andorre) : presentation et perspectives d'utilisation therapeutique." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31167.
Full textChapeau, Gabriel. "Le tourisme et la mise en valeur des Pyrénées orientales espagnoles et andorranes." Toulouse le Mirail, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOU21014.
Full textGalinier-Pallerola, Jean-François. "Le Sentiment religieux en Andorre du milieu du XVIe au milieu du XIXe siècle." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376137603.
Full textMerasli, Saïda. "Innovation et tourisme : Pour une dynamique durable des territoires. Un territoire en mutation : Andorre." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP1038.
Full textThe tourism place is today very important in a sustainable development of the territories. This work of thesis inculdes analysis of the role of the tourist actors in a dynamic sustainabilitéy of the territories. IT first of all a theorical formalisation that permits to characterize the tourist poroduct and the place of the tourist firme in a research of sustainable development of the tourism. The question that we raise is to study in a evolutionist visison in what measures the firm even if it is an actor idiosyncratic can participate in this sustaible dynamic by the change of its practices (its skills). By looking for the just balance betxeen exploitation, profitability and protection of the resources, the tourist actor can estalishe a sustainable managmement of their activity. We also suestion about the new way of the development of territories with quality and innovation and we hiligth particularly a very singular country : Andorra and its news sustainable supplies
Masegosa, Gayo Fabiola Sofía. "La vida teatral a Andorra de 1900 a 1970." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668334.
Full textLa vida teatral en Andorra de 1900 a 1970 estudia el teatro en Andorra desde sus inicios populares hasta la aparición del teatro comercial, a partir de 1960, con el auge del Casal del Centre. A partir de los años cincuenta comienzan las producciones de autores andorranos. La tesis tiene dos vertientes. La histórico-sociológica centrada en las representaciones teatrales que se ponen en escena en Andorra durante aquellos años. Y la folclórica-literaria donde se analizan las obras propiamente andorranas, entre las que destaca la producción de Esteve Albert. Como conclusión, durante el periodo 1900 - 1970, se constata que el teatro andorrano es popular y en catalán, ligado a las fiestas de Navidad y Carnaval y en el entorno pirenaico. A pesar de las numerosas representaciones de obras cómicas (la mayor parte de las cuales son realistas y de dramaturgos catalanes) el sustrato escénico folclórico y montañoso (como el de los bailes de la osa) predomina.
Theatrical life in Andorra from 1900 to 1970 studies the theater in Andorra from its popular beginnings until the appearance of the commercial theater, from 1960, with the rise of the Casal del Centre. Beginning in the 1950s, the productions of Andorran authors began. And the folkloric-literary where the Andorran works are analyzed, among which the production of Esteve Albert stands out. As a conclusion, during the period 1900 - 1970, it's observed that the Andorran theater is popular and in Catalan, linked to the Christmas and Carnival parties and in the Pyrenean environment. The thesis has two aspects. The historical-sociological centered on the theatrical performances that are put on stage in Andorra during those years. In spite of the numerous representations of comic theatrical works (most of which are realistic and of Catalan playwrights) the folkloric and mountainous scenic substrate (like the one of the dances of the bear) predominates.
Becat, Joan. "Les pyrenees mediterraneennes, mutations d'une economie montagnarde : le cas de l'andorre." Montpellier 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30018.
Full textThe mutation of andorran economy took place in less than fifty years and economic expansion was so successful than today decision-makers are less interested in boosting this market economy than in making it compatible with andorra's natural environment, quality of life and new forms of tourism. Within half a century andorra has shifted from a well-structured society - perfectly adjusted to the milieu with a traditional and coherent pastoral economy to a modern economy almost exclusively based on trade and tourism every year 10 million people visit andorra. A pyrenean valley with a high rate of emigration - 50 % of each age bracket andorra has now become an island of prosperity in a region - the pyrenees - which is as yet hard hit by recession. The management of the environment was thus profoundly changed and ecological balance disruped. Ever-present natural risks have since 1980 dramatically manifested themselves, which resulted in a radically new coneption of economic growth and the role of institutions. The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to highlight the shift from a traditional economic system to the current system, the impact of man's action and economy on the natural milieu and natural catastrophes and lastly to stress the political and institutional implications of such a change. The dissertation is divided into six books and includes a volume of charts and an atlas
Figuereda, Pere. "L'edificació en el dret andorrà." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482106.
Full textLa Tesi L’edificació en el dret andorrà se centra en l’estudi sobre el dret edificatori al Principat d’Andorra. Al llarg de set capítols s’analitzen aspectes introductoris sobre l‘urbanisme i l’edificació, des de la vessant històrica i institucional; L’anàlisi i control de l’edificació i ús del sòl a través de la llicència; Les obres sense llicència o contravenint la llicència; Els principis generals del dret aplicables en les infraccions i sancions administratives; Les infraccions urbanístiques; Les sancions administratives en matèria urbanística i finalment la inspecció i l’auxili judicial. Tot plegat amb pinzellades de dret comparat, però, sense que es pugui parlar d’una tesi de dret comparat. El ius aedificandi al Principat d’Andorra no s’entendria sense una anàlisi de la situació històrica de l’urbanisme i ordenació del territori a Andorra. Tot plegat, i fruit de les reflexions jurídiques que es plasmen al llarg de la present tesi doctoral, amb anàlisi d’actuacions portades a terme en altres microestats europeus com el Principat de Mònaco o la República de San Marino, porten a l’autor a una sèrie de conclusions en les que també s’aporten solucions a problemes formals i estructurals, que es fan palesos en l’actual ordenació jurídica andorrana. Les aportacions jurídiques d’aquesta tesi, no volen ser en cap cas un trencament amb la regulació administrativo-urbanística actual, atès que el Principat d’Andorra no s’ha format a base de trencaments, sinó que històricament ha (R)EVOLUCIONAT (si es permet l’antagonisme dels dos termes) de forma lenta, però constant, durant set centúries fins arribar a l’actualitat.
Trpković, Andrijana. "Max Frisch: "Andorra" - komplexní scénografické řešení." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261140.
Full textTor, Porta Presentació. "L’influence des systèmes et des cadres éducatifs sur les apprentissages de la langue française dans les écoles primaires Andorranes." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0053.
Full textThe andorran multilingual context, both because of the mixed origins of its mixed population and because of the plurality of educational systems that are located there, is an ideal area for research in sociolinguistics and didactics of languages and multilingualism. This thesis has the purpose of trying to answer a series of questions referring to the french language competences of students at the end of primary school in the French and Andorran systems, schools where French is not only a language taught but is also a language of multidisciplinary teaching-learning. The impact of the multilingual social environment on learners and the influences of educational systems that have a variable didactic approach to languages are the source of this research and of the analysis derived from them
Beyrouti, Magdalena, and Patrik Larsson. "Beredning av landsbygdsnät Restenäs-Andorra i Uddevalla kommun." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9799.
Full textThis thesis is about how preparation work is accomplished by contracts and permit search to network planning and dimensions. The requirement for reliable electric power increases because electricity is such an important part of our society. Large disruptions cause significant costs for electric distribution companies and customers. . To increase reliability and make the power grid weather secured, overhead lines are replaced with underground power cable. The preparation work is preformed to weatherproof the electric power grid in Restenäs-Andorra outside Ljungskile in the municipality of Uddevalla, by placing power cable in the ground instead of overhead power lines. The project will be implemented in connection with the development of communal water and sewer to reduce the cost of excavation. The result of this preparation work includes a new 10/0,4 kV substation, four cable boxes together with 1200 m of high voltage power cable and 800 m of low voltage power cable. The electric transmission network has been placed in the same excavation as water and sewer as long as possible. The substation and cable boxes are placed for easy access and to create a good mesh. A P2-calculation has been created to get an overview of the costs of the project.
González, Díaz Marta. "Evaluación del riesgo sísmico en el Principado de Andorra." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6266.
Full textEl trabajo se ha estructurado en dos partes: en la primera, se propone una metodología sencilla para la elaboración de bases de datos de edificación útiles para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica en zonas donde no se dispone de esta información. En la segunda, se efectúa el estudio de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de los edificios de vivienda y se definen y analizan los escenarios sísmicos.
La vulnerabilidad del parque de edificios de vivienda se ha evaluado con dos métodos estadísticos, uno basado en clases de vulnerabilidad y otro basado en índices de vulnerabilidad. Ambos métodos coinciden en la definición del movimiento del suelo mediante la intensidad macrosísmica de la escala EMS'98 y difieren en la forma de caracterizar la resistencia sísmica de los edificios. En el primer método la asignación de un edificio o conjunto de edificios a una clase de vulnerabilidad es sencilla y directa y no requiere información detallada del edificio a evaluar. El segundo, permite clasificar cualquier edificio, o grupo de edificios, mediante un número, un índice, que toma valores en un rango entre cero, para edificios muy resistentes, y la unidad, para edificios de muy mala calidad; de esta forma la calificación de edificios es más sofisticada y requiere un mayor conocimiento, frecuentemente experto, de las características constructivas de los edificios.
Los resultados obtenidos de aplicar ambas metodologías indican que el Principado está caracterizado por edificios asociados a las clases B y C, en una escala entre A, muy vulnerable y E, muy resistente, y a unos índices de vulnerabilidad entre 0.82 y 0.50. A nivel general la metodología del índice de vulnerabilidad muestra una vulnerabilidad más baja del parque de edificios de vivienda que la obtenida por el método basado en clases de vulnerabilidad.
Se han definido tres escenarios sísmicos para la realización de simulaciones de daño, uno determinista, análogo al terremoto de 1428 del Ripollès, y dos probabilistas, caracterizados por sus periodos de retorno de 475 y 1975 años. Para un suelo de tipo medio las intensidades macrosísmicas de estos tres escenarios son VI-VII, VII y VIII respectivamente. Para la cubeta de Andorra se han efectuado análisis de mayor detalle considerando los efectos de suelo. Como es obvio, el escenario más desfavorable es el probabilista de intensidad VIII. Para este escenario, el menor daño se obtiene en la parroquia de Sant Julià de Lòria con un grado de daño medio Leve y el mayor nivel de daño se espera en Andorra la Vella con un grado de daño medio entre Leve y Moderado. Por polígonos el estado de daño medio global varía entre Leve en el polígono de la Comella y Moderado para el polígono de Els Plans - Ransol - L'Aldosa.
Los resultados de la generación de escenarios de daño teniendo en consideración los mapas de microzonación sísmica ponen de manifiesto la importancia de considerar los efectos de suelo en las estimaciones de daño orientadas a prevención y protección sísmicas y a la planificación y gestión de la emergencia.
Espasa, Arana Jordi. "El desarrollo de la contabilidad en los microestados europeos durante el periodo 1999/2003. El caso especial de Andorra." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8813.
Full textDesde un punto de vista metodológico la investigación consta de cuatro partes: una primera en que se describen las características de cada microestado teniendo en cuenta su organización política, su economía, los aspectos jurídico-formales diferenciadores de ellos, así como las características fiscales y su situación contable. En la segunda parte nos centramos exclusivamente en Andorra explicando la situación de la contabilidad en este país; en la tercera parte hacemos referencia a las normas internacionales de contabilidad como referente para el desarrollo de la contabilidad en este microestado. Estas tres partes nos permiten llegar a concretar unas propuestas de mejora para la contabilidad andorrana que son las que se engloban en la cuarta y última parte de la investigación.
En la contabilidad de los microestados, destacamos como sector más desarrollado, el sector financiero, debido al peso específico que tiene en éstos. Por otro lado, señalar también, la fuerte dependencia que en esta materia ejercen los países limítrofes, así como la que ejerce el sector público en la escasa normativa contable de estos países.
Si nos centramos en el análisis que hemos hecho del microestado andorrano hemos desarrollado en primer lugar el análisis de su situación económica, y de los principales indicadores económicos, las consecuencias de los acuerdos firmados con la Unión Europea, así como, las repercusiones contables derivadas de la implantación del euro.
Respecto al conocimiento de la situación de la contabilidad del Principado, hemos abordado, por separado:
La contabilidad del sector público: mediante el análisis de la Llei General de les Finances Públiques.
La contabilidad del sector financiero: delimitada por el Plan Contable normalizado de este sector, recayendo la supervisión y el control de la aplicación del mismo en el Institut Nacional Andorrà de Finances.
La contabilidad de las empresas en general. Para ello, hemos realizado una encuesta a empresas de los principales sectores del país, considerando en cada uno de ellos empresas de diferente tamaño y localización. Este estudio empírico se ha realizado bajo los epígrafes de empresas pequeñas, medianas y grandes, delimitadas según el importe de sus activos y de acuerdo al volumen de su cifra de negocios. La encuesta consta de 16 ítems, en los que se demanda desde los principios contables y normas de valoración que utilizan las empresas, hasta qué operaciones de cierre realizan, pasando por los libros contables que utilizan, si efectúan contabilidad interna, si se auditan sus cuentas, y si finalmente, realizan algún tipo de análisis de sus estados financieros, entre otras cuestiones.
Lo anterior, nos lleva a concluir que los microestados europeos y en concreto Andorra, por lo que hace referencia a las empresas en general, carecen de cualquier tipo de normativa contable. En este sentido estos microestados necesitan la implantación de un sistema contable propio adaptado a las características socioeconómicas de cada país y a las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad que satisfaga las necesidades de la empresa, de la administración y del resto de usuarios.
Este sistema, actualmente debería quedar englobado dentro del llamado modelo continental, es decir, entre los orientados al "control", pero si abogamos por la implantación, en un futuro próximo, de un sistema basado en las NIC, éste estaría dentro de los denominados de "predicción", como es el modelo denominado anglosajón. Así pues, el futuro sistema contable a implantar en Andorra deberá englobarse en un marco conceptual que deberá adaptar su normativa contable a las Directivas Europeas y especialmente a las Normas Internacionales, teniendo en cuenta, que la Unión Europea ha apostado por este modelo como la mejor alternativa de cara a la armonización contable.
This study intends to analyse the accountancy situation in the European Micro-states. The main objective sought is to ascertain in what way some of them develop an economic activity comparable to that of other countries which are larger. This justifies the need to establish an accountancy frame which regulates the multiple business operations conducted within in order to obtain a homogeneous account information, thus allowing for a better comparison and interpretation of financial states.
From a methodological point of view, the investigation has four parts: the first describes the characteristics of each micro-state bearing in mind its political organisation its economy and the formal legal aspects which differentiate each other, and moreover the fiscal characteristics and accountancy situation of each. The second part focusses solely in Andorra and explains its accountancy situation; the third part refers to the International Accountancy Norms to assist in the development of accountancy in that micro-state. These three parts allow for concretion regarding improvement proposals insofar as accountancy in Andorra is concerned and herein detailed in the forth and last part of the investigation.
In accountancy in micro-states the financial sector is, clearly, the most developed due to its specific weight within them. On the other hand it should also be pointed out the strong dependence which, in this respect, applies not only bordering countries but also the public sector given the scarce accountancy norms in those countries.
Focussing on the analysis related to the micro-state of Andorra we will see that in the first place we have developed the study of its economical situation as well as its main economic indicators, the consequences of the agreement signed with the EU and furthermore, the repercussions derived since the introductions of the euro.
Regarding knowledge of the accountancy situation of this Principality, the following have been analysed separately:
Public sector accounts: by means of applying the Llei General de les Finances Públiques analysis.
The financial sector accounts bound by the regular accounting plan of this sector whose control of implementation and supervision are responsibility of Institut Nacional Andorrà de Finances.
Accountancy of firms in general. To this end, we have surveyed some firms within the main sectors taking into account their various sizes and placement. This empirical study has been effected according to small, medium and large-size rulings: the line has been drawn according to their active capital and the volume of their turnover. The survey has sixteen items where the following are questioned: accountancy principles, evaluation norms used, closing accounts effected, book-keeping used, internal accountancy procedure and auditing (when applicable) and, finally, any other type of analysis of their financial state, among other questions.
The aforesaid leads to the conclusion that European micro-states in general and Andorra in particular, as far as most firms are concerned, lack any type of accountancy norm. In this sense they need an implementation of their own, adapted, both to the socio-economics characteristics of each country as well as to the accountancy norms thus satisfying the needs of the firm, those of the administration and the rest of users.
Currently this system should become part and parcel of what is known as the continental model, that is, among those geared to "control"; however, if in a near future we advocate for the implementation of an IAS-based system, it would fall within the "prediction" group, such as is the anglosaxon model. Consequently, the future accountancy system to be implemented in Andorra should be encompassed within a conceptual framework with norms to be adapted to European directives, particularly to International Norms bearing in mind that the European Union has chosen this model as the best alternative towards an evenness of accountancy.
Gómez, i. Grau Ferran. "Estudio sobre la toxoplasmosis en Andorra y el Alt Urgell." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/786.
Full textLa toxoplasmosis es una de las más importantes zoonosis del ser humano. Esta ocasionada por Toxoplasma gondii un parásito coccidio apicomplejo de distribución cosmopolita.
En este estudio se pretende determinar y analizar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos, frente a este parásito, de tipo G y de tipo M en mujeres gestantes del Principado de Andorra y los anticuerpos de tipo G en los habitantes de las principales poblaciones de la comarca del Alt Urgell (Lleida), Bellver de Cerdanya y Martinet (Girona).
En el estudio realizado en Andorra se han analizado un total de 1936 muestras de sangre, mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI), de mujeres gestantes residentes en las siete parroquias que forman el principado obteniéndose las siguientes tasas de seroprevalencia de anticuerpos G: Andorra la Vella 43,9 %, Canillo 45 %, Encamp 47,4 %, Escaldes 52 %, La Massana 45,6%, Ordino 45 % y Sant Julià 42,9 %. La prevalencia global del principado se situó en el 45,9 %. La prevalencia global de anticuerpos M fue del 0,6 %. Agrupando la población analizada en grupos de edad se observa un significativo (p<0.05) aumento de la seroprevalencia con la edad. La seroprevalencia fué homogénea entre las siete parroquias analizadas (p=0.5274).
Para realizar el estudio de la comarca del Alt Urgell se obtuvieron un total de 2603 muestras de pacientes atendidos en la Fundació Sant Hospital de la Seu d'Urgell, residentes en alguna de las seis principales poblaciones de la zona, de ambos sexos y de todas la edades. En este caso se analizaron exclusivamente los anticuerpos de tipo G, mediante la técnica de enzimoinmunoanálisis de micropartículas (MEIA). Las tasas de seroprevalencia fueron las siguientes: Bellver de Cerdanya 55,5 %, Coll de Nargó 44,4 %, Martinet 53,8 %, Oliana 53,9 %, Organya 48,6 % y la Seu d'Urgell 50,6 %. La prevalencia global de la comarca se situó en el 51,1 %. Se obtuvo una significativa mayor seroprevalencia del sexo masculino (p<0.05) con un 56,3 % frente al 44,4 % femenino y también un significativo aumento de la tasa de seroprevalencia con la edad (p<0.05), en la población menor de 16 años la prevalencia media fue del 37,7 % mientras que a partir de los 45 años pasó a ser del 64,3 %. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las tasas de seroprevalencia de las distintas localidades analizadas tanto de manera global como comparando los distintos grupos de edad y sexos.
Las características geográficas u ocupacionales de los habitantes de las localidades analizadas no fueron factores determinantes del grado de infección por Toxoplasma gondii. Al mismo tiempo, el ambiente rural o urbano no fue en ningún caso un condicionante de la tasa de seroprevalencia.
Tanto en el Principado de Andorra como en el Alt Urgell y las poblaciones de Bellver de Cerdanya y Martinet, se observa una desprotección frente a Toxoplasma gondii, de la población femenina en edad fértil, cercana o superior al 50 %. En el segmento de edad más joven (menos de 16 años) esta desprotección puede llegar al 70 %. Por lo tanto, los análisis de control y las medidas preventivas son indispensables durante el embarazo, sobre todo en las gestantes seronegativas.
Garcia, i. Llop Ester. "El cant dels goigs orals a Catalunya i a Andorra." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671895.
Full textA mediados del siglo XIX Manuel Milà i Fontanals, que había investigado ampliamente el género de los ‘goigs’, concluyó que estaban emparentados con la dansa trobadoresca. Esta afirmación ha sido reproducida –a veces con una visión distorsionada– en buena parte de la historiografía del género. Con la finalidad de reconducir el discurso y aportar herramientas científicas de análisis y crítica, hemos tomado como premisa la afirmación de Milà i Fontanals y hemos concretado las relaciones entre los goigs actuales y las danses de los siglos xiii, xiv y xv. El análisis de los tratados poéticos y del repertorio lírico occitano-catalán de la época ha sido clave para comprender estas relaciones y como la estructura estrófica propia de los ‘goigs’ modernos no se ajusta completamente en cuestiones de extensión, de argumento y del papel de la retroncha. El encaje perfecto lo debemos situar al final del siglo xv en el entorno literario de Bernat Fenollar y los certámenes literarios de Valencia. La imprenta favoreció desde el primer momento la difusión y la creación de obras del nuevo género que se consolidaba. Hemos recorrido sus rastros en cancioneros manuscritos, en hojas estampadas del siglo xvi y en las primeras notaciones musicales: una monódica y cuatro polifónicas. En Cataluña y en Andorra todavía hoy se cantan diferentes letras de ‘goigs’ de los siglos xv y xvi y se pueden reconocer algunos de sus elementos melódicos que ya estaban presentes en las notaciones musicales de aquellos siglos. La recopilación de un corpus de medio millar de ‘goigs’ grabados en los últimos cuarenta años, complementado con un número parecido de notaciones musicales escritas desde finales del siglo xix hasta la actualidad, han permitido confeccionar por primera vez una síntesis de los modelos musicales de gran extensión del país. El análisis de las estructuras musicales de los ‘goigs’ grabados aporta informaciones significativas sobre los mecanismos y características musicales orales del género, como la singular alternancia de los versos melódicos, el canto a voces y la articulación rítmica giusto silábico. El estudio etnomusicológico aporta una visión global del del canto de los ‘goigs’ en Cataluña y Andorra y, a su vez, ejemplos y herramientas para futuras investigaciones.
In the mid-nineteenth century, Manuel Milà i Fontanals, who had extensively investigated the genre of ‘goigs’, concluded that they were related to the troubadour dances. This affirmation has been reproduced - sometimes with a distorted vision - in a good part of the historiography of the genre. In order to redirect the discourse and provide scientific tools for analysis and criticism, we have taken the statement of Milà i Fontanals as a premise and we have specified the relationships between the current goigs and the danses of the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. The analysis of the poetic treatises and the Occitan-Catalan lyrical repertoire of the time has been key to understanding these relationships and how the verse structure proper to modern ‘goigs’ does not fully fit in questions of extension, argument and the role of the retroncha. We must place the perfect fit at the end of the 15th century in the literary environment of Bernat Fenollar and the literary contests of Valencia. The printing press favored from the first moment the diffusion and the creation of works of the new genre that was consolidated. We have traced its traces in handwritten songbooks, on sixteenth-century stamped sheets, and in the earliest musical notations: one monodic and four polyphonic. In Catalonia and Andorra, different lyrics of ‘goigs’ from the 15th and 16th centuries are still sung today and some of their melodic elements that were already present in the musical notations of those centuries can be recognized. The compilation of a corpus of half a thousand ‘goigs’ recorded in the last forty years, complemented by a similar number of musical notations written from the late nineteenth century to the present, have allowed for the first time to make a synthesis of the musical models of great extension of the country. The analysis of the musical structures of the recorded ‘goigs’ provides significant information on the mechanisms and oral musical characteristics of the genre, such as the singular alternation of melodic verses, the singing to voices and the rhythmic articulation giusto syllabic. The ethnomusicological study provides a global vision of the song of the ‘goigs’ in Catalonia and Andorra and, in turn, examples and tools for future research.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Història de l'Art i Musicologia
Casalprim, Ramonet Montserrat. "L’eficiència del procés educatiu de maternal i primera ensenyança a Andorra." Doctoral thesis, Universitat d'Andorra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284699.
Full textEn aquest treball es realitza un estudi d'eficiència de les escoles públiques de maternal i primera ensenyança d'Andorra. Les particularitats de I'entorn on es desenvolupa I'estudi, on conviuen tres sistemes educatius públics (I'andorrà, I'espanyol -congregacional i no congregacional- i el francès) que representen quatre entorns organitzatius diferents, en un mateix país, permeten fer noves aportacions a la literatura existent sobre I'eficiència del procés educatiu i identificar factors organitzatius que poden influir en I'eficiència de les escoles. EI mètode utilitzat per mesurar I'eficiència es el DEA (Data Envelopment Analisys), introduït per Charnes, Cooper i Rhodes el 1978. En una segona fase s'aplica la tècnica del bootstrap (Simar & Wilson, 2000). Per analitzar les diferències entre sistemes educatius s'utilitza el test de Li (Li, 1996). EI procés de recollida de dades ha estat laboriós i ha requerit la necessitat de garantir I'anonimat de les escoles i dels sistemes. És per aquest motiu que s'identifiquen els quatre sistemes educatius diferents miljançant lIetres: A, B, C i D. Els resultats abans d'introduir I'efecte de les variables d'entorn mostren que les escoles del sistema educatiu C obtenen puntuacions d'eficiència més altes que la resta, i les escoles del sistema educatiu B obtenen puntuacions d'eficiència més altres. Aquests resultats poden ser explicats pels trets diferencials de I'entorn organitzatiu que dibuixen els diferents sistemes educatius i poden donar indicacions amb I'objectiu de millorar I'eficiència de les escoles. Alguns dels trets diferencials del sistema educatiu C són: un nivell més elevat d'autonomia en la gestió (Purkey & Smith, 1983), que facilita el rol de lideratge per part de la direcció (Antunez, 1994); i un horari lectiu i laboral més extens (Gimenez et al., 2007; Naper, 2010). Després d'incloure I'efecte de I'entorn socioeconòmic de les famílies i les característiques individuals de I'alumne (en termes de motivació i actitud) s'observa que desapareixen la major part de diferències en I'eficiència de les escoles per sistemes educatius. Aquest canvi pot venir explicat per I'entorn menys favorable en el que treballen les escoles del sistema educatiu B i en I'entorn més favorable de les del sistema educatiu C. Tal i com es va començar a debatre amb la publicació de I'informe Coleman (Coleman et aI., 1966), I'entorn familiar i les característiques individuals de I'alumne són variables que intervenen al procés educatiu, i aquests resultats ho constaten. Per acabar, en I'anàlisi de les variables que expliquen la satisfacció dels pares, s'ha trobat que I'eficiència de les escoles n'és una. Aquest darrer resultat aporta noves aplicacions als estudis d'eficiència que s'han fet fins ara, que no només permeten estudiar polítiques de millora del rendiment dels recursos públics sinó que també permeten orientar aquestes polítiques a la millora de la satisfacció dels ciutadans amb els serveis públics (Roch & Poister, 2006 i Van Ryzin el al., 2004).
Patinho, Pedro José Grilo Lopes. "An abstract model for parallel execution of prolog." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21002.
Full textMoret, Ventura Carmen. "Actitudes de los adolescentes hacia la realidad multicultural del principado de Andorra." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11077.
Full textThis is a descriptive study of a sector on the Andorran social reality. It could be considered as a "reasonable" starting point to act on the educational field. It takes into account the personal reality of the pupil together with his/her socio-cultural context.The obtained data reveals that the majority of students manifest attitudes according to what society expect from them. In the same way, the results of the survey emphasises on the hypothesis that the attitude of "indifference" stands out as an important component.The results of the crossed analysis show that pupils of feminine gender, those from Portuguese nationality and also those whose parents acquired a basic education, manifest attitudes which are more in accordance with the social integration, the cultural identity or the multicultural society, than the rest of the surveyed pupils.
Giral, Quintana Eugenio. "La radiodifusión en Andorra. Política, economía y espacio comunicacional en un país dependiente." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/22682.
Full textThe performance in Andorra between 1935 and 1988 of two radio stations enterprises let us see the way the communication (broadcast, programmes, audience …), economical and political respects can have a close relationships in a dependent country. The history of these enterprises and their environment show us more varieties of this dependence. Andorra, with a peculiar and complex political regime, allowed in 1935 the installation of Radio Andorra which belonged to a French manager and that finally was managed by an enterprise of the Spanish State. Sud Radio, which belonged to the French branch SOFIRAD, began to work in 1951. Neither of them made a nationalized cultural work in Andorra. The non-fulfillement of the concessions due to the increase from 1970 of the political demands made them become centres of the political action in Andorra, finally obliging then to closing down. The Spanish and French governments tried to open both broadcasting stations again but they failed. In 1988 the two Andorra broadcasting stations disappeared. The performance of the Andorra radio stations has been a very important element in the international recognition of Andorra. The TV regulation, specially by satellite, reinforces this status.
Galabert, Macià Marc. "Desenvolupament econòmic als Pirineus: el clúster bancari andorrà en perspectiva històrica, 1930–2007." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/587222.
Full textDutra, Ines de Castro. "Distributing and- and or-work in the Andorra-I parallel logic programming system." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260853.
Full textCosta, Vitor Manuel de Morais Santos. "Compile-time analysis for the parallel execution of logic programs in Andorra-1." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357717.
Full textEngi, Maria Therese. "Max Frisch: moral og hermeneutikk : En komparativ studie av Biedermann und die Brandstifter og Andorra." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for språk og litteratur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26222.
Full textArmengol, i. Gelonch Ramon N. "Estudi de la neosporosi a la cabana bovina d'aptitud càrnia del Principat d'Andorra." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5617.
Full textThe present PhD presents the results of a serological survey performed to analyze Neospora caninum seroprevalence and risk factors affecting seroprevalence in beef cattle in Andorra were investigated. Antibodies to N. Caninum were evaluated by ELISA performed on a yearly basis in 1,758 animals older than 6 mo, belonging to 26 herds. Almost 85% of the analyzed herds had at least one positive animal. Mean herd seroprevalence of antibodies to N. Caninum was 7.4%. Age, summer grazing area of the herds and breed emerged as the main risk factors affecting seroprevalence of N. Caninum infection in Andorra. The results suggest that the particular grazing location could promote the horizontal transmission of this parasite and certain breeds are less susceptible to N. Caninum infection than others.
Cronje, HP, MD Panagos, and BK Reilley. "The plant communities of the Andover Game Reserve, South Africa." Koedoe: Research Journal of the South African National Parks, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001060.
Full textCoral, Moncayo Hugo Edmundo. "Utilización de métodos experimentales y de simulación numérica para la microzonificación sísmica de áreas urbanizadas en Andorra." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6225.
Full textAndorra al ser un país de montaña está expuesto a numerosos riesgos naturales que intervienen tanto en la vida de las personas como sobre las infraestructuras de las poblaciones. El riesgo ante los fenómenos naturales se ha aumentado en los últimos 40 años debido a la fuerte expansión urbanística y de ocupación del suelo en todo el territorio de Andorra. En el momento en que se ocupen las zonas de montaña se ha de ser conciente de que se puede estar expuesto a los peligros naturales como: aludes, deslizamientos, inundaciones, terremotos, incendios, etc.
Se ha realizado una descripción de los diferentes factores que intervienen en el movimiento del suelo. En particular se ha descrito el fenómeno relacionado con los efectos locales. Para ello se ha realizado una síntesis bibliográfica de los estudios que han puesto de manifiesto estos efectos tanto los relacionados con los rellenos sedimentarios como los debidos a efectos topográficos aportando en este trabajo una síntesis en especial difícil de encontrar en relación con los efectos topográficos y su toma en consideración en normativas actuales como es el caso de la Norma Sismorresistente Francesa.
Se presenta igualmente una síntesis, ilustrada por las referencias bibliográficas correspondientes relativas a los métodos más usados para estimar los efectos locales en función de los datos disponibles.
Se ha realizado un inventario de los datos existentes así como una descripción del subsuelo del valle en su parte más urbanizada. Se ha considerado la nueva base de datos recopilada recientemente por el CRECIT a partir de los estudios de geotecnia realizados para la obra civil pública y privada. La base de datos ha sido elaborada e informatizada en parte importante para la realización de la microzonificación sísmica de Andorra.
Se ha llevado a cabo una campaña de medidas de ruido sísmico tanto en la parte más urbanizada correspondiente a la zona de la cubeta como en las laderas adyacentes. Se ha aplicado el método de Nakamura a estos registros y se ha obtenido las frecuencias predominantes en distintas zonas del relleno sedimentario y en la laderas.
Se han identificado 5 perfiles estratigráficos en la cubeta y se ha aplicado el método lineal equivalente para caracterizar el movimiento del suelo en los distintos emplazamientos. Como señales de entrada en roca se ha trabajado con pulsos de Ricker con diferentes frecuencias y acelerogramas adoptados a un movimiento asociado a un período de retorno de 475 años (a=0.1g), resultando que las frecuencias predominantes tiene dependencia con la pendiente.
Se realizó una revisión histórica de los deslizamientos activados por terremotos tomando los estudios de Keefer (1984), para regiones con mayor actividad sísmica, siendo las condiciones geológicas locales y los parámetros sísmicos determinantes en su clasificación.
Se hace una breve descripción de los métodos con los que se puede evaluar la aceleración crítica para determinar desplazamientos inducidos por terremotos. Se describe el modelo de los desplazamientos de Newmark y posteriormente se aplica a acelerogramas de España y Grecia con los que se obtiene ábacos de Intensidad de Arias, desplazamientos y aceleración crítica, los cuales se aplican finalmente a la zona en estudio.
Se realiza una revisión del estado del arte referente a la peligrosidad de deslizamientos activados por terremotos, historia y ejemplos. A partir de la geología superficial e información geotécnica disponible se aplica el modelo de los desplazamientos de Newmark a la zona en estudio. Finalmente se describe una metodología para la obtención de mapas digitales probabilísticos de peligrosidad sísmica para ser aplicado a Andorra.
Seismic risk studies in Andorra started at the beginning of 2001 with the creation of the Centre de Recerca en Ciencies de la Terra (CRECIT). Andorra is a country characterized by a geology of quaternary glaciers valleys with a very particular topography and geotechnique.
Andorra, being mountain country, is exposed to numerous natural risks like: avalanches, landslides, floods, earthquakes, fires, etc. that affect as much the life of the people as the infrastructures of the populations.
A description of the different factors involved in the ground motion has been performed foccussing mainly on the phenomenon related to the local effects. For the accomplishment of the seismic microzonation a geotechnical data base has been elaborated and different soil profiles had been characterised.
Seismic noise measurements had been carried out in the urbanized part more corresponding to the zone of the glacial basin as well in adjacent slopes. Nakamura's method had been applied to obtain the predominant frequencies. Also the linear equivalent (Proshake) method has been applied to compute the ground motion in different soil sites of the glacial basin.
A brief description of the methods with which the critical acceleration can be evaluated was made to determine landlides induced by earthquakes. The Newmark analysis was described and later applied considering accelerograms from Spain and Greece to obtain abacuses of Arias intensity, displacements and critical acceleration, which then are applied to the zone in study. Finally, a methodology for obtaining digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps is described and proposed to be applied to Andorra.
Xiong, Zhekun. "Evaluating and predicting urban performance through behavioral patterns in temporal telecom data : a case study in Andorra." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118074.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-83).
Evaluating and predicting performance of urban space has always set a challenge for the design and planning community. The lack of tools and data that can shed a light on how human flow is affected by urban spaces left many design decisions unexplained or unproven. However, with the constant emergence of advanced spatial-temporal analysis methods and availability of massive datasets, researchers can now better expose human behavioral patterns within dense urban settings. Focusing on the case study area of Andorra, this research experiments in analyzing Radio Network Controller (RNC) records of cell phone, which is of higher accuracy and precision, and uses computational data science algorithms such as Stay Point Detection algorithm and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN) to evaluate performance of urban space. By leveraging regression models for machine learning, the research attempts to match characteristics of human behavioral patterns of clustering including persistence, size and diversity, with discrete urban features such as urban function, transportation network, natural landscape, and built environment. In this way, the research aims to find evidence-based correlations between urban performance and the design of urban form. On one hand, the results provide statistical analysis for potential opportunities to improve urban performance in Andorra particularly, and guidance in practice for urban planning and urban design field. On the other hand, this research explores a novel method to analyze diverse behavioral patterns in large urban populations, and to associate them with discrete urban features, which can potentially be applied to urban spaces in similar scale.
by Zhekun Xiong.
M.C.P.
Mariño, Mesías Rosa M. "Proposta d'un model relacional entre el capital humà i la qualitat de servei. Una aplicació al sector bancari andorrà." Doctoral thesis, Universitat d'Andorra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310423.
Full textNowadays, in such a global, dynamic and competitive setting, it is critical for those organizations that want to thrive to make every effort to meet the needs of their increasingly demanding clients, a fact that will bring about an increase in business results. In this context, quality represents a key element in the success of competitive and sustainable organizations withstanding the test of time, and, with the growth of the service industry within developed economies, service quality has been gradually gaining more importance in this type of organizations. Despite the fact that quality service constitutes a construct that depends on a variety of factors, the relevance of the attitude and performance of the employees of this type of organizations, in which the personnel interact in a direct manner with the client in the provision of a service, is a reality widely agreed upon. In the same way, experts coincide in identifying an enterprise’s human capital as its most outstanding asset and in understanding it as a source of competitive advantages. Therefore, human capital represents a distinctive element of the quality of the service provided by organizations and, at the same time, it is considered the most valuable resource in the development of business endeavours, as a substantial constituent of its intellectual capital. In accordance with these previous considerations, the herein submitted research project aims to build measurement scales, not only in terms of human capital but also with regards to the service quality linked to employees’ performance, as well as to determine up to what extent human capital has an effect on the service quality provided by companies, through the creation of a model of relationship between both constructs. From an exhaustive revision of the relevant scientific literature, the main works developed in the realms of service quality, human capital and the connections established between both concepts have been identified, hence facilitating the proposal of our working hypothesis. Bearing in mind, on one hand, the significance of service quality within the banking sector, and on the other hand, the relevance of this sector as an integral part of the Principality of Andorra, an essential pillar for the country ́s economy, the empirical research for this project has been carried out within this particular sector. With the aims of developing the empirical part of this research, achieving the proposed objectives and contrasting the formulated hypotheses, a questionnaire was designed on the basis of the scientific literature review and it was sent to all the executives and employees of the country ́s banking sector. After analysing the obtained results through the implementation of a structural equation modeling technique, commitment, competences, motivation and flexibility can be confirmed as the most representative attributes of human capital, and, consequently, the ones that influence the most the service quality provided by Andorran banking organizations. It is expected that the conclusions drawn from this research work will contribute to the improvement of the service quality offered by organizations, in general, and by those pertaining to the Andorran banking sector, in particular, through an efficient management of their team personnel.
Pons, Pesado Cristina. "La sostenibilitat de l’aigua a Andorra: efectes a llarg termini del canvi climàtic i socioeconòmic en el recurs hídric." Doctoral thesis, Universitat d'Andorra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672544.
Full textWater resources have a fundamental value for both ecosystems and society. However, changes in climate, population, consumption, land use and urbanization are impacting its quality and future availability. In Andorra, the confluence of climate change and a socioeconomic model changes with an important weight of tourism industry based with an intensive use of water could threaten the future sustainability of water resources. This research aims to explore water resources of Andorra and its long-term sustainability using the WEAP model. The WEAP-Andorra model presents an initial estimate of the national water demand segregated into the main water consumers of the country and explores the future evolution of water resources combining climatic and socioeconomic scenarios (evolution of the population, tourism, consumption and ski resorts snowmaking). The results of climate projections and land uses predict a change in the average annual streamflow between -40.5% and + 24% based on the projected change in temperature (0 ° C, + 2 ° C and + 4 ° C) and precipitation (-20%, 0 and + 20%). This decrease in streamflow is most significant during the spring with a shift of the streamflow peak from June to May due to premature melting of the snow cover. In the case of land use scenarios, their impact on flow reduction is less significant than the climatic effect. Four socio-economic scenarios are defined (Business as Usual, Degrowth, Future growth of snowmaking and Efficient) to be combined with the different scenarios of climate change and land use. Results show that at country scale the impact of climate change will not compromise the future water demand. However, when we analyze the smaller basins of Valira del Nord and Valira d’Orient, we observe that in specific locations and periods it could be some challenges to achieve all the required demands. When a temperature increase of 2 °C is considered, only situations of potential conflict are observed in the Valira d'Orient Basin in the Business as Usual scenario and future snowmaking scenario during the month of January. All scenarios present conflicts between resource availability and water demand occur when a more extreme change in temperature of 4 °C is simulated. The WEAP-Andorra model developed in this research shows to be a useful tool to support management, decision-making and the design of policies for sustainable water management and adaptation to climate change and has allowed us to propose recommendations and adaptation measures for Andorra.
Andorfer, Ulrich Peter [Verfasser]. "Delir auf operativen Intensivstationen : Inzidenz und Bedeutung für das Behandlungsergebnis / Ulrich Peter Andorfer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104718513X/34.
Full textUribe, Calderón Jorge Alonso. "Melt intercalation andor exfoliation of polystyrene-montmorillonite nanocomposites." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79267.
Full textTwo new organoclays were used in this study exhibited good thermal stability. This suggested their potential use in the preparation polymer nanocomposites at high processing temperatures.
Batch mixing promoted polymer intercalation in most cases. PS nanocomposites showed a combination of intercalated and unintercalated or collapsed structures. In general, thermal stability and mechanical properties of PS were enhanced by incorporation of organoclays. Processing conditions in the batch mixer had only a small influence on intercalation behavior. However, they had a strong effect on thermal stability and mechanical properties. The degree of intercalation was dependant on the type of organoclay. As a result thermal stability and mechanical properties were influenced by the type of organoclay used. The best mechanical properties were obtained with Cloisite 10-A.
Mixing in the twin screw extruder promoted intercalation of low viscosity PS. Thermal stability was increased in all cases, but mechanical properties did not improve significantly.
The tensile modulus of nanocomposites was calculated using five models reported in the literature. The results were compared to experimental data obtained in this study. Up to 1% wt Cloisite 10-A content, the experimental results showed very good agreement with the predictions of the Halpin-Tsai and Brune models, which predicted the highest modulus values. The experimental values fell rapidly bellow theoretical predictions above 1% wt clay content.
Turkeshi, Gezim. "Examining how segments based on motivation affect the relationship of destination personality in predicting tourist behavior: the case of Andorra." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462878.
Full textEl comportamiento del cliente ha recibido gran atención en la literatura de marketing; sin embargo, en el ámbito del turismo todavía hay algunos aspectos que merecen atención. Los objetivos del presente estudio son tres: (1) realizar una segmentación de mercado basada en motivaciones y demografía en un destino turístico sujeto a estacionalidad; (2) examinar la relación entre la personalidad del destino, la satisfacción con el destino, el apego al destino y las intenciones del comportamiento, medidas a través de la lealtad al destino; y (3) un análisis del efecto de los segmentos derivados en base a motivaciones y demografía de las diferentes temporadas en las relaciones entre la personalidad de destino, el apego, la satisfacción y la lealtad. Se desarrolla un modelo conceptual. El estudio se centra en 638 turistas que han visitado Andorra. La metodología que se aplicará será un análisis factorial y un análisis cluster para la parte de segmentación; y un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, utilizando el enfoque de los mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM), para validar el modelo. Los hallazgos de la investigación sugieren que hay segmentos distintivos de turistas en diferentes estaciones lo que conlleva a que las relaciones entre los constructos estudiados varíen según los segmentos de los períodos considerados. Además, la satisfacción y el apego se destacan como mediadores de la relación entre la personalidad del destino y la lealtad al mismo. El documento proporciona implicaciones teóricas y gerenciales, así como limitaciones y sugerencias futuras de investigación.
Customer behavior has gained vast attention in marketing literature, however in tourism there are still gaps to be studied. The objectives of this study are threefold: (1) develop a market segmentation approach based on motivations and demographics in a seasonal tourism destination; (2) to examine the relationship between destination personality, destination satisfaction, destination attachment, and behavioral intentions, measured through destination loyalty; and (3) an analysis of the segments derived based on motivation and demographics in different seasons on the relationships of destination personality, attachment, satisfaction, and loyalty. A conceptual model is developed. The study focuses on 638 tourists that have visited Andorra. The methodology that will be applied will be a factor-cluster analysis for the segmentation part and partial least square – structural equational modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings from the research suggest that there are distinctive segments of tourists in different seasons and they shape the relationship of the constructs differently depending on the segment. Also, satisfaction and attachment are highlighted as mediators of the destination personality-destination loyalty relationship. The paper provides theoretical and managerial implications, as well as limitation and future research suggestions.
Verpeaux, Nathalie. "Saint-Andoche et Saint-Jean le Grand : des religieuses à Autun au moyen âge." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010639.
Full textEstrada, Añokazi Lena Yanina. "Soberania del conocimiento tradicional en la Amazonia colombiana : el pueblo andoke de Aduche." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663162.
Full textLos conocimientos tradicionales de nuestros pueblos indígenas han permitido el equilibrio y la preservación del medio ambiente; se relacionan con aspectos culturales, sociales, ambientales, políticos, económicos e históricos que contribuyen en todo su conjunto al manejo adecuado de la biodiversidad y representan un valor estratégico en el desarrollopropio y en el de toda la humanidad. La investigación se desarrolla en la región Amazónica, considerada como una zona estratégica y necesaria para el mundo por contar con una gran riqueza en recursos naturales; donde a la vez, se hallan sistemas auténticos tradicionales basados en mecanismos de gobierno y control aún no plenamente conocidos, sitios sagrados que representan centros de ceremonias y centros espirituales a los que se les debe gran respeto, ya que son parte importante de la identidad cultural de nuestros pueblos indígenas. Presenta una perspectiva indígena, desde mi condicón como parte del pueblo uitoto, sobre la protección a los conocimientos tradicionales, la conservación, uso de la biodiversidad y la importancia de la diversidad cultural en la sociedad para la preservación ambiental; componentes inherentes a nuestras comunidades porque tocan la vida misma, el ser y el sentir de los pueblos Indígenas. En este marco, reflexiono sobre la historia, organización y manejo del medio ambiente del pueblo andoke de Aduche, como ejemplo de un pueblo que ha logrado su pervivencia cultural, garantizando por medio de sus conocimientos tradicionales, la conservación de la naturaleza y la cooperación con su actividad de producción propia sostenible. Se analizan las herramientas que fundamentan la protección jurídica del conocimiento tradicional indígena y factores que hacen parte de los espacios en la construcción de identidades dentro de naciones pluriculturales y multiculturales, como lo es en este caso, Colombia. Por último, desde la investigación se desprende el tema de la soberanía y organización en la vida cultural, la protección de los espacios y prácticas comunitarias, como alternativas para la protección de la propiedad colectiva, la biodiversidad, el desarrollo local, la pervivencia íntegra de nuestros pueblos desde la fundamentación de una visión indígena y la construcción de herramientas que respeten y sean coherentes con dicha visión; porque lo que está en juego es lo más valioso de nuestras comunidades, nuestro conocimiento, nuestro lenguaje, nuestra comprensión del mundo y de los fenómenos que nos rodean, en últimas el legado que permitirá a nuestras próximas generaciones seguir reconociéndose como pueblos distintos, como pueblos indígenas.
Els coneixements tradicionals dels nostres pobles indígenes han permès l‟equilibri i la preservació del medi ambient; es relacionen amb aspectes culturals, socials, ambientals, politics, econòmics, històrics i religiosos; contribueixen en tot el seu conjunt al adequat maneig de la biodiversitat i representen un valor estratègic en el seu propi desenvolupament i en el de tota la humanitat. La investigació es desenvolupa a la regió Amazònica, la qual és considerada com a una zona estratègica i necessària per al planeta perquè compta amb una gran riquesa en recursos naturals; tanmateix, s‟hi troben autèntics sistemes tradicionals basats en mecanismes de govern i control que encara no són prou coneguts, llocs sagrats que representen centres de cerimònies i centres espirituals als qui devem gran respecte degut a que són una part important de la identitat cultural dels pobles indígenes. Presenta una perspectiva indígena des de la meva condició pertanyent al pueblo uitoto, vers la protecció dels coneixements tradicionals, la conservació, l‟ús de la biodiversitat i la importància de la diversitat cultural en la societat per a la preservació ambiental; són components inherents a les nostres comunitats perquè toquen la mateixa vida, l‟esser i el sentir del pobles indígenes. Dins aquest marc, faig una reflexió sobre la història, organització y maneig del medi ambient del pueblo andoke de Aduche, com a exemple d‟un poble que ha aconseguit la seva pervivència cultural, garantint mitjançant els seus coneixements tradicionals, la conservació de la naturalesa i la cooperació amb la seva activitat pròpia sostenible. S‟analitzen les eines que donen fonament a la protecció jurídica del coneixement tradicional indígena i factors que formen part dels espais en la construcció d‟identitats dins de les nacions pluriculturals i multiculturals, com ho és en aquest cas, Colòmbia. Finalment, des de la investigació es desprèn el tema de la sobirania i organització a la vida cultural, la protecció dels espais i pràctiques comunitàries, com alternatives per a la protecció de la propietat col·lectiva, la biodiversitat, el desenvolupament local, la pervivència íntegra dels nostres pobles des de la fonamentació d‟una visió indígena i la construcció d‟eines que respectin i siguin coherents amb aquesta visió; perquè el que és en joc és el més valuós de les nostres comunitats, el nostre coneixement, el nostre llenguatge, la nostra manera de veure el món i dels fenòmens que ens envolten, al cap i a la fi el llegat que permetrà a les nostres properes generacions seguir reconeixent-se com a pobles diferents, com a pobles indígenes.
UIBIYANO Kaɨ onoigano einamakɨ dɨbefene, jazikɨ moziñua iemo uñua uai; nana joide rafue komɨnɨtaiyafue, nagɨma uñua uai, nɨkaɨ fiokɨe nabedɨ kɨrɨgai. Kue jenua rafue Amazoniamo fɨnoka, birui mameka amenaikɨ ie rakɨno iyano nɨɨ yetárafue uaido kaɨ taɨjɨna urukɨ kaɨ moziñua, danomo jagagɨ urukɨ uai ite, kaɨ einamakɨ nɨ kaɨ fɨmaika uai. Bie taɨjɨe kaɨ komɨnɨ uaido kue jonega, kue izie dɨbene uitoto uai nagɨma kaɨ yɨnua, komɨnɨ taifate. Benori ñue eroikana jonetɨkue, eifene adokɨ komuya rafue, kaɨ enamakɨ uai imakɨ uai eifokɨ jagagɨ nagɨma uai, eraɨfue, ruakɨ, jebuya uai. Nana ñue jonega onoigano uai buna merɨñeiyena nana kaɨ amatɨa diga nue iyena, Colombia daɨnano. Ja fuiyena, bie kue jenuano raninuaɨ iemo nana yetaraɨma onoigano, kaɨ ibɨrɨ dɨbefene, kaɨena kaɨ joneyena buna kaɨna betañeiyena, kaɨ oiakaiya izoi arɨ kaɨ atɨyena, buna zofeñeiyena, kaɨ oiakaiya izoi, mei kaɨ iri kaɨ naɨraɨ dɨga, kaɨ onoigano, kaɨ uai, kaɨ enɨe iemo nana kaɨ abaikɨ kaɨ dɨga iteza, birui ñue kaɨ jonia izoi, fui arɨ urukɨ ñue arɨ atɨyena, kaɨ eimamakɨ daɨna izoi.
Blevin, Pierre-Alexis. "Les micro-Etats européens." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G014.
Full text« If the Valleys of Andorre enjoy certain privileges, franchises and a judicial system different from that of France, they are neither a state nor a person of international law ». The reading of this decision by Cour de Cassation, January 6th, 1971, shows the many challenges faced by micro-states in claiming their sovereignty and their legal status. Europe is considered to be the oldest continent in the world because of its history. Designed over the centuries, after wars and monarchical alliances, it gathers many people who have both a common heritage and many cultural differences. Fragmented during many centuries into various estates and other entities with official status. At the end of the nineteenth century, Europe was modified. The estates of feudal period disappered and gave birth to large groups which became the states today. The State in international law has a sovereign status, that makes it different from the other public international entities. Moreover, the states has an internal sovereignty that makes it be the autority over its territory and an international soverignty that subordinates any authority from other states. The sovereignty confers legal personality that allows it to be recognized as a matter of right in itself, separate from the people who compose it and benefiting from international legal capacity and heritage. The micro-state has the same characteristics as a state but it has a small territory and low population. There were many writers who tried to give a precise definition of micro-states but they failed because of the different number of the populations and the different areas. For this research work, we will take into account the European states which have less than 500 km2 with a population under 100.000. The question which has never been the matter of doctoral thesis is that : « micro-states, micro-sovereign states ? Are constitutional and institutional garantees developed on national and international stages by micro-states sufficient to ensure their sovereignty, independence and integrity ? How do the european micro-states resist to the european historical developement which led the large states entities to disappear ? » If the protection of large states was necessary for their construction, micro-states had to defend their full sovereignty. In order to assert their existence in a world of globalization, they are guaranteed a sovereignty reinforced by the constitutionalism which is not recognized by the other states. But this was compensated by international agreements and international organisations