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Journal articles on the topic 'Androgen deprivation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Hoon Lee, Jung, Haibiao Gong, Shaheen Khadem, et al. "Androgen Deprivation by Activating the Liver X Receptor." Endocrinology 149, no. 8 (2008): 3778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1605.

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Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. The androgens-androgen receptor signaling plays an important role in normal prostate development, as well as in prostatic diseases, such as benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Accordingly, androgen ablation has been the most effective endocrine therapy for hormone-dependent prostate cancer. Here, we report a novel nuclear receptor-mediated mechanism of androgen deprivation. Genetic or pharmacological activation of the liver X receptor (LXR) in vivo lowered androgenic activity by inducing the

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2

Rozhivanov, Roman V., Elena N. Andreeva, Galina A. Melnichenko, and Natalya G. Mokrysheva. "Androgens and Antiandrogens influence on COVID-19 disease in men." Problems of Endocrinology 66, no. 4 (2020): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12500.

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The WHO has declared a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. During a pandemic, the researches aimed at finding the new treatments for SARS-CoV-2 become relevant. The review focuses on studies of androgens and antiandrogens in this disease. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, it has been noted that men have more severe forms of infection and higher mortality. The main cause of both the severity of the disease and the high mortality of men from COVID-19 are associated with androgens. It was found that patients receiving androgen deprivation are less likely to become infected and easily tolerate COVID-

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3

Gamat, Melissa, and Douglas G. McNeel. "Androgen deprivation and immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer." Endocrine-Related Cancer 24, no. 12 (2017): T297—T310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-17-0145.

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Prostate cancer is the most common newly diagnosed malignancy in men, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The primary treatment for recurrent prostate cancer is androgen deprivation, and this therapy is typically continued lifelong for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Androgens and androgen deprivation have profound effects on the immune system, a finding that has become more appreciated in an era where immune-based treatments for cancer are being increasingly explored. Preclinical studies suggest that androgen deprivation could potentially p

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4

Kamalov, A. A., D. A. Ohobotov, O. Yu Nesterova, A. A. Strigunov, and A. S. Tivtikyan. "Androgen deprivation therapy and hormonal status in men with COVID-19." Urology Herald 10, no. 4 (2022): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2308-6424-2022-10-4-141-154.

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Severe course of COVID-19 among men compared to the female led to a detailed study of the hormonal status of men with COVID-19. The earliest works about this focused on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 depending on the intake of androgen deprivation therapy. At the same time, different classes of androgen deprivation therapy have different effects on androgen concentration that was not always considered in the analysis. In this regard, we conducted a review of the available literature data with a targeted study of works that included androgen deprivation therapy with a unidirectional eff

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5

McCarty, Mark F., Jalal Hejazi, and Reza Rastmanesh. "Beyond Androgen Deprivation." Integrative Cancer Therapies 13, no. 5 (2014): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735414534728.

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6

Mendiratta, Prateek, and Jorge Garcia. "Androgen Deprivation Fortified." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 100, no. 5 (2018): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.103.

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7

Dawson, Nancy A. "Intermittent androgen deprivation." Current Oncology Reports 2, no. 5 (2000): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11912-000-0060-6.

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8

Hussain, Maha, and Mario Eisenberger. "Intermittent Androgen Deprivation." JAMA Oncology 2, no. 12 (2016): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.2650.

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9

Chen, Jia-Feng, Pei-Wen Lin, Yi-Ru Tsai, Yi-Chien Yang, and Hong-Yo Kang. "Androgens and Androgen Receptor Actions on Bone Health and Disease: From Androgen Deficiency to Androgen Therapy." Cells 8, no. 11 (2019): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8111318.

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Androgens are not only essential for bone development but for the maintenance of bone mass. Therefore, conditions with androgen deficiency, such as male hypogonadism, androgen-insensitive syndromes, and prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy are strongly associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Here we summarize the skeletal effects of androgens—androgen receptors (AR) actions based on in vitro and in vivo studies from animals and humans, and discuss bone loss due to androgens/AR deficiency to clarify the molecular basis for the anabolic action of androgens and AR in b

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10

Sountoulides, Petros, and Thomas Rountos. "Adverse Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Prevention and Management." ISRN Urology 2013 (July 25, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/240108.

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The prostate is an androgen-dependent organ. The increase, growth, homeostasis, and function of the prostate largely depend upon the intraprostatic and serum concentrations of androgens. Therefore, androgens are essential for the physiologic growth of prostatic epithelium. Prostate cancer, the second leading cause of death for men, is also androgen dependent, and androgen suppression is the mainstay of treatment for advanced and metastatic disease. In the state of metastatic disease, androgen suppression is a palliative treatment leading to a median progression-free survival of 18–20 months an

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11

Zhang, Bin, Qiuqiong Cheng, Zhimin Ou, et al. "Pregnane X Receptor as a Therapeutic Target to Inhibit Androgen Activity." Endocrinology 151, no. 12 (2010): 5721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0708.

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The androgen-androgen receptor signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Accordingly, androgen deprivation has been the most effective endocrine therapy for hormone-dependent prostate cancer. Here, we report a novel pregnane X receptor (PXR)-mediated and metabolism-based mechanism to reduce androgenic tone. PXR is a nuclear receptor previously known as a xenobiotic receptor regulating the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. We showed that genetic (using a PXR transgene) or pharmacological (using a PXR agonist) activation of PXR lowe

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12

Wasano, Koichiro, Kouhei Sakurai, Taiji Kawasaki, et al. "Acquisition of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy in salivary duct carcinoma: A case report." Rare Tumors 10 (January 2018): 203636131879886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2036361318798867.

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Salivary duct carcinoma is a relatively rare salivary cancer, and most cases are androgen receptor -positive. Salivary duct carcinoma growth is suggested to be androgen dependent, which can reportedly be controlled by androgen deprivation therapy. However, the effectiveness and underlying molecular mechanisms of androgen deprivation therapy for salivary duct carcinoma remain unknown. We report a salivary duct carcinoma case (65-year-old man) arising from the parotid gland with metastasis to the neck lymph nodes and lungs. Androgen deprivation therapy was performed according to the same protoco

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13

Russell, Nicholas, Ada Cheung, and Mathis Grossmann. "Estradiol for the mitigation of adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy." Endocrine-Related Cancer 24, no. 8 (2017): R297—R313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-17-0153.

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. Conventional endocrine treatment for PCa leads to global sex steroid deprivation. The ensuing severe hypogonadism is associated with well-documented adverse effects. Recently, it has become apparent that many of the biological actions attributed to androgens in men are in fact not direct, but mediated by estradiol. Available evidence supports a primary role for estradiol in vasomotor stability, skeletal maturation and maintenance, and prevention of fat accumulation. Hence there has been interest in revisiting estradiol

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14

Terrisse, Safae, Laurence Zitvogel, and Guido Kroemer. "Effects of the intestinal microbiota on prostate cancer treatment by androgen deprivation therapy." microbial Cell 9, no. 12 (2022): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15698/mic2022.12.787.

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Prostate cancer (PC) can be kept in check by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT, usually with the androgen synthesis inhibitor abiraterone acetate or the androgen receptor antagonist such as enzalutamide) until the tumor evolves to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The transition of hormone-sensitive PC (HSPC) to CPRC has been explained by cancer cell-intrinsic resistance mechanisms. Recent data indicate that this transition is also marked by cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms such as the failure of ADT-induced PC immunosurveillance, which depends on the presence of immunostimulatory b

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15

Bonfill-Cosp, Xavier, Ariadna Auladell-Rispau, Ignasi Gich, et al. "Prevalence study of intermittent hormonal therapy of Prostate Cancer patients in Spain." F1000Research 10 (October 21, 2021): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.53875.1.

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Background: Although intermittent androgen deprivation therapy was introduced many years ago to improve patients’ quality of life with the same carcinologic efficiency as continuous hormonal therapy, recent data suggest that those patients could be overtreated. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of prostate cancer patients receiving intermittent androgen deprivation therapy in Spain. Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted using electronic drug dispensation data from four Spanish autonomous communities, which encompass 17.23 million inhabitants (36.22% of the total p

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16

Sabharwal, Navin, and Nima Sharifi. "HSD3B1 Genotypes Conferring Adrenal-Restrictive and Adrenal-Permissive Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer and Beyond." Endocrinology 160, no. 9 (2019): 2180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00366.

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Abstract Castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) almost invariably occurs after androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic disease and is driven in part by androgen synthesis within the tumor. 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 catalyzes the conversion of adrenal precursor steroids into potent androgens essential for PCa progression. A common 1245 A→C missense-encoding single nucleotide polymorphism in HSD3B1 (rs1047303), the gene that encodes this enzyme, leads to a more stable protein that is resistant to degradation and thus increased production of potent androgens from adrenal

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17

Allan, Carolyn A., Veronica R. Collins, Mark Frydenberg, Robert I. McLachlan, and Kati L. Matthiesson. "Androgen deprivation therapy complications." Endocrine-Related Cancer 21, no. 4 (2014): T119—T129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-13-0467.

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Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is increasingly used to treat advanced prostate cancer and is also utilised as adjuvant or neo-adjuvant treatment for high-risk disease. The resulting suppression of endogenous testosterone production has deleterious effects on quality of life, including hot flushes, reduced mood and cognition and diminished sexual function. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies show that ADT has adverse bone and cardio-metabolic effects. The rate of bone loss is accelerated, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and subsequent fracture. Fat mass is increased and lean mass r

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18

Smith, Matthew R. "Androgen Deprivation and Osteoporosis." Prostate Journal 1, no. 4 (1999): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1411.1999.14002.x.

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19

Lattouf, Jean-Baptiste, Hicham Fadlallah, and Fred Saad. "Androgen Deprivation and Bone." Current Osteoporosis Reports 9, no. 1 (2010): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11914-010-0045-9.

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20

Greco, Federico, Alessandro Tafuri, Andrea Panunzio, Bruno Beomonte Zobel, and Carlo Augusto Mallio. "Relationship between Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Abdominal Adipose Tissue." Uro 2, no. 4 (2022): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/uro2040030.

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The role of androgens in body composition is well known. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Given that androgens are important for the homeostasis of different organs, the effects of ADT can affect body composition and therefore adipose tissue. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are non-invasive methods that allow for quantification of the different fat compartments. In this review we describe the effects of ADT on abdominal adipose tissue in PCa patients.

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21

Jennbacken, Karin, Tajana Tešan, Wanzhong Wang, Heléne Gustavsson, Jan-Erik Damber, and Karin Welén. "N-cadherin increases after androgen deprivation and is associated with metastasis in prostate cancer." Endocrine-Related Cancer 17, no. 2 (2010): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc-10-0015.

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Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. One factor that has been implicated in the metastatic process is the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin. In this study, we investigated if the expression of N-cadherin was influenced by androgen deprivation and was associated with metastasis in prostate cancer. The effect of androgen deprivation on N-cadherin expression was initially studied in androgen-dependent (AD) LNCaP and androgen-independent (AI) LNCaP-19 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. Expression of N-cadherin increased in the absence of an

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22

Auchus, Richard J., and Nima Sharifi. "Sex Hormones and Prostate Cancer." Annual Review of Medicine 71, no. 1 (2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-051418-060357.

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The prostate is an androgen-dependent organ that develops only in male mammals. Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Metastatic prostate cancer initially retains its androgen dependence, and androgen-deprivation therapy often leads to disease control; however, the cancer inevitably progresses despite treatment as castration-resistant prostate cancer, the lethal form of the disease. Although it was assumed that the cancer became androgen independent during this transition, studies over the last two decades have shown that th

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23

Desai, Kunal, Jeffrey M. McManus, and Nima Sharifi. "Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer." Endocrine Reviews 42, no. 3 (2021): 354–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnab002.

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Abstract Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of gonadal testosterone deprivation in the 1940s and therefore firmly established the concept that prostate cancer is a highly androgen-dependent disease. Since that time, hormonal therapy has undergone iterative advancement, from the types of gonadal testosterone deprivation to modalities that block the generation of adrenal and other extragonadal androgens, to those that directly bind and inhibit the androgen receptor (AR). The clinical states of prostate cancer are the product of a superimposition of these therapies with nonmet

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24

Johnson, Matthew E., and Mark K. Buyyounouski. "Androgen Deprivation Therapy Toxicity and Management for Men Receiving Radiation Therapy." Prostate Cancer 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/580306.

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Androgen deprivation therapy is commonly used in combination with radiotherapy as part of the definitive treatment for men with clinically localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation has been associated with a wide range of iatrogenic effects impacting a variety of body systems including metabolic, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and sexual. This review aims to provide the radiation oncology community with the knowledge to monitor and manage androgen deprivation therapy toxicity in an effort to provide the highest level of care for patients and to mini

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25

Muresanu, Horia. "Benefits of intermittent/continuous androgen deprivation in patients with advanced prostate cancer." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 89, no. 3 (2016): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-594.

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Background and aims: Huggins described in 1941 the effect of castration on prostate cancer. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) analogue were introduced in 1985. Complete androgen blocade (association of GNRH analogue with antiandrogen) was introduced by Fernand Labrie to achieve supression of suprarenalian testosterone. Long time androgen deprivation lead to androgen independence of prostate cancer cell.Our principal aim was to demonstrate longer survival rates on prostate cancer patients with intermittent androgen deprivation.Methods: 82 patients were enrolled at the Urology Deparment of W

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26

Mizushima, Taichi, and Hiroshi Miyamoto. "The Role of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Ovarian Cancer." Cells 8, no. 2 (2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8020176.

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Emerging evidence has suggested that androgen receptor signaling plays an important role in ovarian cancer outgrowth. Specifically, androgen receptor activation appears to be associated with increased risks of developing ovarian cancer and inducing tumor progression. However, conflicting findings have also been reported. This review summarizes and discusses the available data indicating the involvement of androgens as well as androgen receptor and related signals in ovarian carcinogenesis and cancer growth. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms for androgen receptor functions in ovarian

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27

Zhu, Ziqi, Yoon-Mi Chung, Olga Sergeeva, et al. "Loss of dihydrotestosterone-inactivation activity promotes prostate cancer castration resistance detectable by functional imaging." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 46 (2018): 17829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.004846.

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Androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are a critical driver of prostate cancer progression. Cancer resistance to androgen deprivation therapies ensues when tumors engage metabolic processes that produce sustained androgen levels in the tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this resistance process are unclear, and functional imaging modalities that predict impending resistance are lacking. Here, using the human LNCaP and C4-2 cell line models of prostate cancer, we show that castration treatment–sensitive prostate cancer cells that normally have an intact glucur

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28

Skolarus, Ted A., Megan V. Caram, and Vahakn B. Shahinian. "Androgen-deprivation-associated bone disease." Current Opinion in Urology 24, no. 6 (2014): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mou.0000000000000101.

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29

McKenzie, Michael R. "Androgen deprivation and radiation therapy." Urology 47, no. 2 (1996): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(99)80439-7.

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30

Keizman, Daniel, and Michael A. Carducci. "Intermittent androgen deprivation—questions remain." Nature Reviews Urology 6, no. 8 (2009): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2009.145.

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31

Basaria, Shehzad. "Cardiovascular mortality and androgen deprivation." Nature Reviews Urology 6, no. 5 (2009): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2009.75.

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32

Shahinian, Vahakn B. "Androgen deprivation for prostate cancer." Cancer 118, no. 13 (2011): 3232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.26624.

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33

Iwamoto, Hiroaki, Kouji Izumi, Tomoyuki Makino, and Atsushi Mizokami. "Androgen Deprivation Therapy in High-Risk Localized and Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer." Cancers 14, no. 7 (2022): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071803.

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The recommended treatment for high-risk localized or locally advanced prostate cancer is radical prostatectomy plus extended pelvic lymph node dissection or radiation therapy plus long-term androgen deprivation therapy. However, some patients are treated with androgen deprivation therapy alone for various reasons. In this review, we will discuss the position, indications, complications, and future prospects of androgen deprivation therapy for high-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.

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34

Shahabi Raberi, Venus, Akram Shariati, Mohsen Abbasnezhad, Naser Aslanabadi, Amirreza Abbasnezhad, and Amir Bahmani. "Drug Resistance and Cardiovascular Safety of Second-Generation Anti-Androgens in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer." Galen Medical Journal 11 (December 31, 2022): e2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v11i.2727.

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Prostate cancer is recognized as one of the most common cancers affecting the male population. The prostate is revealed to be a hormone-dependent tissue as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone could bind to the androgen receptor, activate it, and initiate the nuclear translocation of this receptor which is followed by subsequent signaling cascades. Regarding this androgen dependency of the prostate, it is believed that androgen deprivation therapies are able to confront aggressive prostate cancer as first-line treatment. However, prostate cancer could overcome hormone deprivation strategies th

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35

Wall, Bradley A., Daniel A. Galvão, Naeem Fatehee, et al. "Reduced Cardiovascular Capacity and Resting Metabolic Rate in Men with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Investigation." Advances in Urology 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/976235.

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Objectives. To investigate if androgen deprivation therapy exposure is associated with additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic treatment-related toxicities.Methods. One hundred and seven men (42–89 years) with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy completed a maximal graded objective exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake, assessments for resting metabolic rate, body composition, blood pressure and arterial stiffness, and blood biomarker analysis. A cross-sectional analysis was undertaken to investigate the potential impact of therapy exposu

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Sun, Yuting, Bu-Er Wang, Kevin G. Leong, et al. "Androgen Deprivation Causes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in the Prostate: Implications for Androgen-Deprivation Therapy." Cancer Research 72, no. 2 (2011): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3004.

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37

Shahinian, V. B. "Risk of the "Androgen Deprivation Syndrome" in Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer." Archives of Internal Medicine 166, no. 4 (2006): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/.465.

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38

Shahinian, Vahakn B., Yong-Fang Kuo, Jean L. Freeman, and James S. Goodwin. "Risk of the “Androgen Deprivation Syndrome” in Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer." Archives of Internal Medicine 166, no. 4 (2006): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.4.465.

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39

Liu, June, Laura E. Pascal, Sudhir Isharwal, et al. "Regenerated Luminal Epithelial Cells Are Derived from Preexisting Luminal Epithelial Cells in Adult Mouse Prostate." Molecular Endocrinology 25, no. 11 (2011): 1849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2011-1081.

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Abstract Determining the source of regenerated luminal epithelial cells in the adult prostate during androgen deprivation and replacement will provide insights into the origin of prostate cancer cells and their fate during androgen deprivation therapy. Prostate stem cells in the epithelial layer have been suggested to give rise to luminal epithelium. However, the extent of stem cell participation to prostate regrowth is not clear. In this report, using prostate-specific antigen-CreERT2-based genetic lineage marking/tracing in mice, preexisting luminal epithelial cells were shown to be a source

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40

Pernigoni, Nicolò, Elena Zagato, Arianna Calcinotto, et al. "Commensal bacteria promote endocrine resistance in prostate cancer through androgen biosynthesis." Science 374, no. 6564 (2021): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf8403.

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Microbes hijack prostate cancer therapy Androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are essential for male reproduction and sexual function. Androgens can also influence the growth of prostate tumor cells, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) either by surgical means (castration) or pharmacological approaches (hormone suppression), is the cornerstone of current prostate cancer treatments. Pernigoni et al . found that when the body was deprived of androgens during ADT, the gut microbiome could produce androgens from androgen precursors (see the Perspective by McCulloch and Trinchie

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Ge, Raoling, Xi Xu, Pengfei Xu, Lei Li, Zhiyu Li, and Jinlei Bian. "Degradation of Androgen Receptor through Small Molecules for Prostate Cancer." Current Cancer Drug Targets 18, no. 7 (2018): 652–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009617666171107103936.

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Prostate cancer is the most common carcinoma among aged males in western countries and more aggressive and lethal castration resistant prostate cancer often occurs after androgen deprivation therapy. The high expression of androgens and androgen receptor is closely related to prostate cancer. Efficient androgen receptor antagonists, such as enzalutamide and ARN-509, could be employed as potent anti-prostate cancer agents. Nevertheless, recent studies have revealed that F876L mutation in androgen receptor converts the action of enzalutamide and ARN-509 from an antagonist to agonist, so that nov

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42

Gedeborg, Rolf, Johan Styrke, Stacy Loeb, Hans Garmo, and Pär Stattin. "Androgen deprivation therapy and excess mortality in men with prostate cancer during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (2021): e0255966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255966.

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Background Men have a higher risk of death from COVID-19 than women and androgens facilitate entrance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into respiratory epithelial cells. Thus, androgen deprivation therapy may reduce infection rates and improve outcomes for COVID-19. In the spring of 2020, Sweden was highly affected by COVID-19. The aim was to estimate the impact of androgen deprivation therapy on mortality from COVID-19 in men with prevalent prostate cancer by comparing all-cause mortality in the spring of 2020 to that in previous years. Patients and methods Using the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden a

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43

Shahinian, Vahakn B., Yong-fang Kuo, Jean L. Freeman, Eduardo Orihuela, and James S. Goodwin. "Characteristics of Urologists Predict the Use of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 34 (2007): 5359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.09.9580.

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Purpose We previously have reported wide variations among urologists in the use of androgen deprivation for prostate cancer. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked database, we examined how individual urologist characteristics influenced the use of androgen deprivation therapy. Methods Participants included 82,375 men with prostate cancer who were diagnosed from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 2002, and the 2,080 urologists who provided care to them. Multilevel analyses were used to estimate the likelihood of androgen deprivation use within 6 months of diag

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44

Carroll, Peter. "IL4 Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer : A US Perspective." Japanese Journal of Urology 101, no. 2 (2010): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5980/jpnjurol.101.53.

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45

Bayraktar, Soley. "The Mechanism of Androgen Deprivation and the Androgen Receptor." Open Prostate Cancer Journal 3, no. 1 (2010): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876822901003010047.

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46

Wang, Yongqing, Yan Wang, Jialong Liang, et al. "Androgen deprivation drives variation of androgen receptor trinucleotide repeats." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 51, no. 9 (2019): 972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmz086.

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47

Shastri, Bhavin R., and Subhashini Yaturu. "Metabolic Complications and Increased Cardiovascular Risks as a Result of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men with Prostate Cancer." Prostate Cancer 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/391576.

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Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. Charles Huggins and Clarence V. Hodges reported the androgen dependence of prostate cancer in 1941. That led to the utilization of androgen deprivation therapy as an important therapeutic modality to treat prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy has additional systemic effects that include sexual dysfunction, psychological changes and more important are the metabolic changes. Metabolic changes in particular include insulin resistance, increase fat mass and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and induce type 2 diabetes. In th

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Gooren, LJ, and MC Bunck. "Transsexuals and competitive sports." European Journal of Endocrinology 151, no. 4 (2004): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1510425.

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Men generally have an inherent performance advantage over women due to their average greater height and muscle mass and power, as the result of correspondingly different exposures to androgens. Therefore, it is considered fair that in sports men and women compete in separate categories. The question now emerging is whether reassigned transsexuals can compete in fairness with others of their new sex. The pertinent question is how far the previous effects of testosterone in male-to-female transsexuals (M-F) are reversible upon androgen deprivation so that M-F have no advantage over women, and, v

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Kumari, Sangeeta, Dhirodatta Senapati, and Hannelore V. Heemers. "Rationale for the development of alternative forms of androgen deprivation therapy." Endocrine-Related Cancer 24, no. 8 (2017): R275—R295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-17-0121.

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With few exceptions, the almost 30,000 prostate cancer deaths annually in the United States are due to failure of androgen deprivation therapy. Androgen deprivation therapy prevents ligand-activation of the androgen receptor. Despite initial remission after androgen deprivation therapy, prostate cancer almost invariably progresses while continuing to rely on androgen receptor action. Androgen receptor’s transcriptional output, which ultimately controls prostate cancer behavior, is an alternative therapeutic target, but its molecular regulation is poorly understood. Recent insights in the molec

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Zamagni, Alice, Michele Zanoni, Michela Cortesi, et al. "Investigating the Benefit of Combined Androgen Modulation and Hypofractionation in Prostate Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (2020): 8447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228447.

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Hypofractionation is currently considered a valid alternative to conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of patients with organ-confined prostate cancer. Recent data have demonstrated that extreme hypofractionation, which involves the use of a high radiation dose per delivered fraction and concomitant reduction of sessions, is a safe and effective treatment, even though its radiobiological rationale is still lacking. The present work aims to investigate the biological basis sustaining this approach and to evaluate the potential of a hypofractionated regimen in combination with androgen dep

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