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Journal articles on the topic 'Androgyny (Psychology) Gender identity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Shin, Kyoung Ho, Jang Ae Yang, and Carla E. Edwards. "Gender role identity among Korean and American college students: Links to gender and academic achievement." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 38, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.2.267.

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Gender role identity (androgyny, masculinity, femininity), and its link to gender and academic achievement were examined across a sample of Korean and American college students. Results indicate that the androgyny group represented the largest proportion in the American sample, while the femininity group was the largest in the Korean sample. Korean students with masculinity achieved the highest score in Korean Sooneung Examination, followed by the androgyny group. In contrast, American students in the femininity group scored highest in the American College Testing examination. Academic performance in Korean male students differed across socioeconomic status but that of the American male students was influenced more by gender role identity than by socioeconomic status.

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2

Lin, Yi-Ching, and Robert E. Billingham. "Relationship between Parenting Styles and Gender Role Identity in College Students." Psychological Reports 114, no. 1 (February 2014): 250–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/21.09.pr0.114k13w4.

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The relationship between perceived parenting styles and gender role identity was examined in college students. 230 undergraduate students (48 men, 182 women; 18–23 years old) responded to the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Bern Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI). The hypothesis was that parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive for both fathers and mothers) would be significantly associated with gender role identity (undifferentiated, feminine, masculine, and androgynous) of college students, specifically whether authoritative parenting styles associated with androgyny. To account for differences in sex on gender role identity or parenting styles, sex was included as a factor. The pattern of the difference in identity groups was similar for males and females. There were significant differences in parenting styles between gender role groups. Maternal and paternal authoritativeness correlated with participants' femininity, and for both parents, the relationship was observed to be stronger in males than females; paternal authoritativeness was significantly associated with androgyny. Future research based on these results should investigate how the findings relate to children's psychological well-being and behavioral outcomes.

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3

Martin, Carol Lynn, Rachel E. Cook, and Naomi C. Z. Andrews. "Reviving Androgyny: A Modern Day Perspective on Flexibility of Gender Identity and Behavior." Sex Roles 76, no. 9-10 (March 10, 2016): 592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0602-5.

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4

Alley, Thomas R., and Jeanette I. Kolker. "Psychological Gender, Hand Preferences, and Sex Differences in Book-Carrying Styles." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 3 (June 1988): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.3.815.

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Individuals with stronger sex-role identities may be expected to show greater conformity to sex-typed behaviors. Proceeding from this assumption, the sex-role status and sex of students using different styles of carrying books were compared. This study also examined whether over-all hand preference or age were related to carrying styles or sex-role status. Subjects completed a questionnaire comprised of the 24-item Personal Attributes Questionnaire of Spence and Helmreich, a 6-item scale of hand preference and a self-rating of sex-role identity. Afterwards, each subject's carrying style was covertly observed and recorded. Most subjects carried their materials in a sex-typical way or in book bags (for which no sex-typed carrying styles were discovered). As in previous studies, men in this study scored higher than women on masculinity and androgyny and lower on femininity. Hand preference was not related to sex-role status. Carrying style was not significantly correlated with any of the predictor variables for men, perhaps because almost no variance in carrying style was observed among them. Women who used masculine carrying styles tended to be older, have greater instrumentality, and a more masculine identity.

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5

Stern, Chadly, and Nicholas O. Rule. "Physical Androgyny and Categorization Difficulty Shape Political Conservatives’ Attitudes Toward Transgender People." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617703172.

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Researchers have recently begun to examine how categorization processes impact social evaluations. In two studies, we examined how sex categorization influences attitudes toward transgender individuals. We found that people evaluated transgender individuals more negatively if they possessed physically androgynous (vs. sex-typical) characteristics because they struggled to identify their sex. These relationships were stronger among political conservatives compared to individuals with more liberal political views. These findings provide new insights for research on attitudes toward gender minorities and for the role of political ideology in social judgments.

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6

Chow, Esther Ngan-Ling. "The Influence of Sex-Role Identity and Occupational Attainment on the Psychological Well-Being of Asian American Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 11, no. 1 (March 1987): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00775.x.

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This study examined the extent to which sex-role identity as defined by Bem's typology is related to occupational attainment, self-esteem, and work satisfaction for 161 employed Asian American women. Three major hypotheses were tested: (a) Masculine and androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of occupational attainment than those with feminine and undifferentiated sex-role identity; (b) androgynous Asian American women have a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity; and (c) the higher the level of occupational attainment secured by Asian American women, the greater their work satisfaction and the higher their self-esteem. As predicted, sex-role identity was significantly related to occupational attainment. Androgynous Asian American women and those with a high level of occupational attainment had a higher level of self-esteem and a greater degree of work satisfaction than those with other types of sex-role identity. The implications of these findings for Bem's formulation of androgyny, its relation to occupational achievement, and its consequences for psychological health and work outcomes are discussed.

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7

Badjanova, Jeļena, Dzintra Iliško, and Vitālijs Raščevskis. "Gender Differences of Latvian Males and Females at the Stage of Adulthood." GATR Journal of Management and Marketing Review 2, no. 3 (July 17, 2017): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2017.2.3(5).

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Objective - In this research, gender differences of Latvian males and females in the stage of adulthood are determined and distinguished on the grounds of a theoretical analysis of socio-psychological, scientific and methodological literature and legislative documents as well as empirical findings. Methodology/Technique - A survey by Bem (1974) has been adapted in this study for measuring how an adult individual sees him-/herself from the gender perspective. This was done with an aim of determining the place of gender in the cultural context rather than in the personality of a separate individual. 109 women and men from different regions of Latvia aged 20 to 64 took part in the study. The data were processed with the 23.0 version of SPSS, the data processing program. Findings – The obtained results indicate that the gender patterns on male and female behavior are similar. No differences in male or female behaviour were established. The behavioral peculiarities of male and female gender are determined not by age, but by sex. It can also be concluded that research of Latvian male and female gender behavior led to Bem's androgyny theory, which argues for the ability of men and women to execute both – male and female behavioral patterns in ontogenesis. Novelty - The understanding of gender as a discursive construction caused a confusion between these notions. This study contributes in literature of gender psychology with its original data. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Identity; Gender; Stage of Adulthood; Gender Differences, Latvian Males, Latvian Females. JEL Classification: J16, J21.

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8

Berenbaum, Sheri A., and Adriene M. Beltz. "Evidence and Implications From a Natural Experiment of Prenatal Androgen Effects on Gendered Behavior." Current Directions in Psychological Science 30, no. 3 (June 2021): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721421998341.

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Sex and gender are key to people’s lives, and are the focus of scientific and popular interest and controversy. Sex-related psychological characteristics reflect more than socialization; they are influenced by sex hormones present during sensitive periods of development, particularly androgens that are present prenatally. Studies of females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) show how prenatal androgens affect behavior across the life span; these hormones have large effects on interest and engagement in gendered activities, moderate effects on spatial abilities, and relatively small (or no) effects on gender identity, gender cognitions, and gendered peer involvement. In addition to showing the complexity of androgens’ effects on gendered behavior, studies of females with CAH provide an opportunity to test theories of gender development, gain insight into how nature and nurture work together, and examine mechanisms of development. The implications of this work have often been misunderstood, so we consider what it means—and does not mean—for biology to influence gender-related behavior.

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9

Schweizer, Katinka, Franziska Brunner, Karsten Schützmann, Verena Schönbucher, and Hertha Richter-Appelt. "Gender identity and coping in female 46, XY adults with androgen biosynthesis deficiency (intersexuality/DSD)." Journal of Counseling Psychology 56, no. 1 (2009): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013575.

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10

Endendijk, Joyce J., Adriene M. Beltz, Susan M. McHale, Kristina Bryk, and Sheri A. Berenbaum. "Linking Prenatal Androgens to Gender-Related Attitudes, Identity, and Activities: Evidence From Girls With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia." Archives of Sexual Behavior 45, no. 7 (March 3, 2016): 1807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0693-7.

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11

Burke, Ken, Nancy Burroughs‐Denhart, and Glen McClish. "Review essay: Androgyny and identity in gender communication." Quarterly Journal of Speech 80, no. 4 (November 1994): 482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00335639409384089.

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12

Gooren, Louis, and Peggy T. Cohen-Kettenis. "Development of male gender identity/role and a sexual orientation towards women in a 46,XY subject with an incomplete form of the androgen insensitivity syndrome." Archives of Sexual Behavior 20, no. 5 (October 1991): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01542408.

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13

Kania, Richard R. E. "Amanda Cross and Androgyny." Gender Studies 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/genst-2017-0007.

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Abstract Amanda Cross is the pen name Carolyn Heilbrun used for her mystery fiction. In two of her novels she employed the theme of androgyny. She also wrote the non-fiction, 1973 Toward a Recognition of Androgyny in which she promoted androgyny as aspect of her approach to feminism, an intellectual denial of any significant differences between the sexes. While that thread of American feminism has lost favor in current feminist ideologies, matters of gender identity are rising in prominence in American social and political thought, reviving the debate on male and female roles and identities in the United States.

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14

AUSLANDER, PHILIP. "I Wanna Be Your Man: Suzi Quatro's musical androgyny." Popular Music 23, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143004000030.

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As a woman who performs rock music in an unabashedly ‘masculine’ fashion, Suzi Quatro is often criticised for trying to be ‘one of the boys’. Through close examinations of Quatro's performance strategies, including her repertoire, physical performance and vocal presence, I hope to show that Quatro's performances of gender and sexual identity on sound recordings and video belie such an uncomplicated characterisation. Focusing particularly on Quatro's ability to construct multiple subject positions that are ambiguous or mutually contradictory with respect to gender and sexuality, I shall argue that the role of female cock-rocker, as she performs it, is a paradoxical one that destabilises the gender codings from which it is constructed and celebrates the polymorphousness and performativity of identity.

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15

Huang, Xishan, Xiao-lu Zhu, Juan Zheng, Lin Zhang, and Kunio Shiomi. "Relationships Among Androgyny, Self-Esteem, and Trait Coping Style of Chinese University Students." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 40, no. 6 (July 1, 2012): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.6.1005.

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Chinese university undergraduates' personality types were investigated from the perspective of androgyny as the ideal gender role type. Based on Bem's (1974) 4 gender role types, 434 undergraduates were classified as masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated. The relationships among personality type, trait coping style, and level of self-esteem were examined. Results showed that the students were mainly in 2 gender role types: androgynous and undifferentiated. Gender and grade had a significant impact on the distribution of gender role types. The androgynous group had the highest self-esteem level and tended to use positive coping strategies. Androgyny was assessed as an ideal gender role type, relative to the 3 other types.

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16

Harris, Catherine T., Philip J. Perricone, and Margaret Supplee Smith. "The Artist and Androgyny: A Study of Gender Identity in Visual Artists." Empirical Studies of the Arts 6, no. 1 (January 1988): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9p69-xcur-c3na-2dck.

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While art is an activity that is socially valued, the image of the artist as perceived by the public and expressed in the literature has rarely been studied empirically. The Adjective Check List is used to test one dimension of this issue—June Wayne's hypothesis that the artist is a stereotypical woman, focusing on the artist's view of himself/herself and artists in general. Data were gathered by means of a questionnaire mailed to 1753 artists who had been nominated for the national Awards in Visual Arts during the first five years of the program (1982–86). It was found that artists tend to have self-images which are androgynous in terms of sex stereotyping, while at the same time, they see artists in general as relatively masculine. It was also found that while artists tend to view their colleagues in favorable terms, they view themselves as individual artists significantly more favorably. The implications of these findings for the profession of art are discussed.

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17

Heilbrun, Alfred B. "Androgyny as type and androgyny as behavior: Implications for gender schema in males and females." Sex Roles 14, no. 3-4 (February 1986): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288244.

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18

Turner, Robert L., and M. E. Fakouri. "Androgyny and Differences in Fantasy Patterns." Psychological Reports 73, no. 3_suppl (December 1993): 1164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3f.1164.

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The relationship between sex-typing (androgynous vs traditional) and differences in fantasies of 19 men and 37 women was investigated. They completed May's test as a measure of fantasy pattern and the Bern Sex-role Inventory to ascertain sex-type. Analysis indicated that, while fantasy patterns were related to gender as expected from May's work, they were not related to sex-typing.

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19

Kimlicka, Thomas M., Peter L. Sheppard, James A. Wakefield, and Herbert J. Cross. "Relationship between Psychological Androgyny and Self-Actualization Tendencies." Psychological Reports 61, no. 2 (October 1987): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.2.443.

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Bem's Sex-role Inventory and the Personal Orientation Inventory were administered to 339 college men and 265 women to test Bern's hypothesis that a relationship would exist between androgyny and a measure of psychological adjustment. Analysis gave some support for the relationship between sex-role identity and self-actualizing tendencies for women but not for men.

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20

Smith, Stephen C., Jon B. Ellis, and Trisha A. Benson. "GENDER, GENDER ROLES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS VIOLENCE: ARE VIEWPOINTS CHANGING?" Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.1.43.

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Androgyny is a gender role that has several positive characteristics such as adaptive coping strategies and less violent viewpoints. To examine the relationship between gender, gender roles, and attitudes towards violence, 161 individuals were administered the Bem Sex Role Inventory and a violence questionnaire. It was hypothesized that a significant number of non-androgynous people would have a great predisposition towards violence. The mean violence score was higher for men than for women, however, there was no difference between androgynous individuals and others. There were no significant interaction effects. Results are surprising when compared to previous research. It may be that more and more people, regardless of their interpersonal style, are moving towards a view which does not condone violence.

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21

Burn, Shawn Meghan, A. Kathleen O'Neil, and Shirley Nederend. "Childhood tomboyism and adult androgyny." Sex Roles 34, no. 5-6 (March 1996): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01547810.

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22

Schwarz, Karen, and Clive J. Robins. "Psychological androgyny and ego development." Sex Roles 16, no. 1-2 (January 1987): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00302852.

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23

Pavlova, T. S., and A. B. Kholmogorova. "Gender factors of social anxiety in adolescence." Psychological-Educational Studies 6, no. 1 (2014): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060119.

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Social anxiety in adolescence is one of the most important factors of social and psychological maladjustment. The data of Russian and international research of the differences in the severity of social anxiety in boys and girls is not uniform. In a study conducted by the authors, participants were 183 adolescents aged 12-16 years (90 boys and 93 girls), students of VII-X grades. We measured the level of social anxiety and defined the type of gender identity. The results showed that biological sex does not influence the severity of social anxiety: there were no differences in this indicator between boys and girls. The factor influencing the level of social anxiety was gender identity, and gender identity types (masculinity, femininity, androgyny) have approximately the same distributions in both boys and girls. The level of social anxiety shows inversed connection with level of masculinity in adolescents of both sexes and direct connection with femininity index. The magnitude of the gap between the real and the ideal of masculinity of the Self is more pronounced in adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

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24

Farhana Jannat, Most, and Prokity Ahmed. "SHAKESPEARES AS YOU LIKE IT: A POSTMODERN STUDY OF GENDER." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12157.

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William Shakespeare in As You Like It highlights the gender roles in the society. Gender is developed by society. It is not natural.The society assigns roles to distinct gender. This study investigated the gender roles present in As You Like It and deconstructs the specific gender roles through the postmodern study of gender. This study focuses on the distinctive roles associated with the dressing style and language of man and woman. This study also investigates the presence of homosexuality. Besides, this study explores the shifting nature of identity and androgyny. This is a qualitative study which is explorative in nature. Analytical and close- reading method have been used to conduct the research. Besides, critical discourse analysis has been applied. William Shakespeare reveals the difference in the roles performed by gender through the disguise of Rosalind. The dressing style of man gives Rosalind the power to act as a man. The discourse differs in case of man and woman. The acts like homosexuality which are not approved by the society cannot be performed freely. Besides, the disguise of Rosalind and her subsequent actions portray the presence of androgyny and the idea that gender is not fixed. Shakespeare subverts the stereotypical performances of gender through Rosalind.

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25

Norlander, Torsten, Anna Erixon, and Trevor Archer. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ANDROGYNY AND CREATIVITY: DYNAMICS OF GENDER-ROLE AND PERSONALITY TRAIT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 28, no. 5 (January 1, 2000): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2000.28.5.423.

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The present study was performed to describe the involvement of gender-role and personality traits in a cluster of tests to ascertain individuals. creative ability. Participants were 200 students at Karlstad University. Five gender-role types, based upon masculinity/femininity scales were derived, namely the androgynic, stereotypic, retrotypic, midmost and undifferentiated types. Results indicated that the androgynic group scored higher than the other groups on creativity, creative attitude (trend), dispositional optimism and graffiti/scrawling – with the exception of the stereotypic group which scored non-significantly higher on optimism. Nor was the the androgynic group significantly different from the retrotypic group with respect to creativity – although this group scored significantly higher than did the stereotypic group. Small, or negligible, gender differences were found on the masculinity/femininity scales.

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26

Wilcove, Jonathan L. "Perceptions of Masculinity, Femininity, and Androgyny among a Select Cohort of Gifted Adolescent Males." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 21, no. 3 (April 1998): 288–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235329802100303.

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This qualitative study explored the gender schemata of a select cohort of 13 gifted adolescent males. It revealed these adolescents as having an androgynous sex-role identity. However, the findings identified among the adolescents three distinct constructions of androgyny. The data also pointed out some of the intrapsychic problems encountered by the boys in their sex-role identity development—most notably anxieties about femininity and women stemming from demands placed upon the boys by their awakening sexualities. Finally, the study examined the role of their intellectual giftedness in the negotiation of their sex-role identities. Most of the adolescents employed a sophisticated critical rationalism to construct their gender schemata. However, several of the subjects acknowledged the limits of this rationalism to achieve a complete understanding of these complex issues and expressed an awareness of an asynchrony between their emotional and intellectual development.

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27

Binion, Victoria Jackson. "Psychological androgyny: A black female perspective." Sex Roles 22, no. 7-8 (April 1990): 487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288166.

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28

Willemsen, Tineke M., and Agneta H. Fischer. "Assessing Multiple Facets of Gender Identity: The Gender Identity Questionnaire." Psychological Reports 84, no. 2 (April 1999): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.2.561.

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314 men and 451 women participated in a study to assess the reliability and validity of the multifaceted Gender Identity Questionnaire. Reliability coefficients of the (sub)scales varied between .67 and .80; content, criterion, and construct validity were satisfactory.

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29

Melita, Maureen M. "Gender identity and androgyny in Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso and Virginia Woolf’s Orlando: A biography." Romance Notes 53, no. 2 (2013): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rmc.2013.0013.

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30

Gill, Sandra, Jean Stockard, Miriam Johnson, and Suzanne Williams. "Measuring gender differences: The expressive dimension and critique of androgyny scales." Sex Roles 17, no. 7-8 (October 1987): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288142.

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31

Hollinger, Constance L. "The Stability of Self Perceptions of Instrumental and Expressive Traits and Social Self Esteem among Gifted and Talented Female Adolescents." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 8, no. 2 (January 1985): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235328500800202.

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Since Bem's (1974) formulation of androgyny, numerous research efforts have focused on the relationship between gender identity and self esteem. These efforts have tested the descriptive adequacy of the hypothesized relationship between gender identity and self esteem (Whitley, 1983). The present study examines the relationship between a circumscribed aspect of gender identity, self perceptions of socioaffective traits, as measured by the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) and of social self esteem as measured by the Texas Social Behavioral Inventory (TSBI), over a 14-month period among a sample of gifted and talented female adolescents (n=260). The results of typological and regression analyses reveal that: 1) substantial variability in classification group membership occurs over time; 2) the relationship between classification group membership and social self esteem remains relatively stable; and 3) self perceptions of stereotypically masculine instrumentality consistently emerges as the central contributor to social self esteem. Implications for counseling gifted and talented female adolescents wrestling with issues of gender-relevant self-perceptions, achievement and social self esteem are discussed.

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32

Sedney, Mary Anne. "Development of Androgyny: Parental Influences." Psychology of Women Quarterly 11, no. 3 (September 1987): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00906.x.

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While many researchers have documented the existence of pressures toward traditional sex-typing in the family, schools, and media, little consideration has been given to the effectiveness of these sources in fostering more flexible orientations to sex-typing. The present paper focuses on the extent to which parents are able to influence their children toward the development of nonstereotyped behaviors, conceptualized here in terms of androgyny. This issue is examined through an exploration of several theories of sex-role development and empirical” research on sex-role development. Additional consideration of theories and research on life-span development and resistance among children in the current culture to nonstereotyped behavior lead to a distinction between short-term and long-term effects of nonsexist parental behavior. Although androgynous parents may not produce androgynous children, their children often do grow up to be androgynous adults.

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33

Prager, Karen J., and John M. Bailey. "Androgyny, ego development, and psychosocial crisis resolution." Sex Roles 13, no. 9-10 (November 1985): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00287759.

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34

Izrina, Svetlana O. "Aesthetization of the image of androgyne in modern culture." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 4 (2020): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-4-569-578.

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The article discusses the methods of anesthetization of the image of androgyne as one of the ways of androgynization of modern culture. A modern understanding of the phenomenon of androgyny is mainly considered in the context of gender identity. It is based on the psychological concept of Sandra Bem that has proved that a person, regardless of his or her biological sex, is able to combine feminine and masculine psychological characteristics and behavior models. That allows them to become more adaptive in society and act as efficiently as possible, choosing exactly what qualities to show depending on the situation. Some studies have noticed the dominance of the androgynous type among the youth, which possibly indicates the intensification of the androgynization process in modern society. Androgynization goes at various social and cultural levels: professional, economic, cultural, psychological and pedagogical. Moreover, some researchers observe the trend of formation of androgynous gender identity type. They also consider the process of androgynization in line with the civilizational approach. The present study focuses on analyzing one of the aspects of this global androgynization process — the effect of an art cinema work on the positive reception of androgyny in society through modeling of an aesthetically attractive androgynous image. As an illustration the author chose an image of the main hero in «Orlando» movie (1992) directed by Sally Potter.

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35

Wylie, K. R. "Gender identity issues." Sexologies 17, no. 4 (October 2008): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2008.08.007.

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36

Bakker, Amanda J., and Benjamin R. Walker. "Sex drive and sociosexuality moderated by gender identity and gender identity fluidity." Personality and Individual Differences 159 (June 2020): 109884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109884.

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37

Badjanova, Jeļena, Anita Pipere, and Dzintra Iliško. "Gender Identity of Students and Teachers: Implications for a Sustainable Future." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 19, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtes-2017-0019.

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AbstractConsidering the gender identity as a crucial aspect of the culture that shapes our daily life and recognising the research gap on this topic in the context of sustainable education, the paper describes the quantitative cross-sectional study on gender identity of students and teachers comparing the respondents by their age and sex. Three age groups (106 female and 62 male) participated in the study: 18-19-years-old pupils from comprehensive and vocational schools (n=59), 20-15-years-old university students (n=52) and 24-64- years-old teachers working at respective schools and universities (n=57). The original Bem Sex Role Inventory was administered to measure the individual gender identity types of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny. The majority of respondents from all age and sex groups described themselves as androgynous. Male and university students featured the scattering of scores more toward masculinity, while the scores of female, pupils, and teachers were more inclined toward femininity. No statistically significant differences were found among the three age groups, while sex appeared to be more influential factor causing significant differences between male and female in terms of gender identity with male’s inclination toward masculinity and female’s inclination toward femininity. Dominance of androgynous individuals challenges the current approaches to the gender education in the context of sustainable development.

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Al-Mutawa, Fajer Saleh. "Negotiating Muslim masculinity: androgynous spaces within feminized fashion." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management 20, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-11-2014-0080.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how Muslim men in Kuwait negotiate their luxury fashion consumption (considered a feminized practice in Kuwait) without compromising their masculine identity. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected through 108 qualitative questionnaires and two unstructured in-depth interviews. Non-participant observations and informal conversations took place as part of an ongoing ethnographic study on luxury fashion consumption in Kuwait. Findings – Within the feminized space of fashion, accessories (such as shoes, wallets, watches, sunglasses, etc.) seem to allow Muslim men an androgynous space (consumer constructions of gendered spaces to be equally masculine and feminine) to be fashionable yet maintain a masculine identity. Research limitations/implications – Further research may explore the negotiation of androgyny among men who consume luxury fashion clothing or conspicuously feminized fashion (such as jewellery and handbags) in highly gendered societies. Limitations include reliance on questionnaire data (lacks depth insights) and narrow consumer (Muslim men in Kuwait). Practical implications – Marketers of luxury fashion brands in Kuwait should focus on fashion accessories when targeting males. Advertising needs to shift gender perceptions of traditionally feminine fashion (such as handbags or jewellery) towards androgyny to attract male consumers. Religiosity of consumers is an important segmentation basis, and Muslim men who are less religious may be more open towards fashion consumption. Originality/value – This research proposes the notion of androgynous spaces, contributing to gender within marketing theory and practice.

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Loeb, Loretta R. "GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 38, no. 6 (June 1999): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199906000-00005.

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Menvielle, Edgardo. "GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 37, no. 3 (March 1998): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199803000-00001.

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Bradley, Susan J., and Kenneth J. Zucker. "GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 37, no. 3 (March 1998): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199803000-00002.

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Chuhueva, Inna. "Gender identity formation of female athletes which represents “male” sports." Scientific Visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Psychological Sciences, no. 1(20) (2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2078-2128-2020-20-1-66-70.

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The article presents the results of a study of the gender identity of female athletes engaged in "male" sports. The components of gender identity, factors of its manifestation in the categories of femininity and masculinity are shown. It is pointed out that gender identity acts as a coherence of consciousness and the behavior of a person as a representative of a certain sex, the connection of cognitive and conative components of personality identity. The gender role requirement is the guideline for this coordination. There are three components to gender identity: structural, dynamic and functional. Gender identity is also presented as a fundamental structure of social identity, which characterizes a person in terms of membership in a masculine or feminine group, the most significant being the way in which a person defines himself. The analysis of the influence of sports activities on the formation of the gender identity of women athletes, representatives of various types of sports is done. Experimental data show that athletes strive to see the feminine qualities in themselves and to understand the presence of dominant masculine features, qualities and role models that develop sporting activities. The results showed that the great majority of female athletes strive to achieve a balance between masculine and feminine features, as shown by the highest percentage of androgyny. In general, the results of the study show that the following concepts prevail in the perceptions of female athletes: "I am ideal" and "Typical male athlete". The lowest number of selections for the article "Typical female athlete". The results of the study showed that the majority of female athletes (28%) had a diffuse personal identity. This is the status of identity, in which there are no strong goals, values and beliefs and attempts to actively form them. In the sample, the vast majority (54%) of athletes also has a diffuse type of gender identity, that is to say, that these athletes have not yet formed their image of a woman or are not paying much attention to it. The lack of gender identity in the vast majority of respondents confirmed the importance of the influence of sports activities in power sports on the development of athletes' gender identity.

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Guastello, Denise D., and Stephen J. Guastello. "Androgyny, Gender Role Behavior, and Emotional Intelligence Among College Students and Their Parents." Sex Roles 49, no. 11/12 (December 2003): 663–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:sers.0000003136.67714.04.

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Deviantony, Fitrio, Emi Wuri Wuryaningsih, and Nindy Arum setianing Putri. "Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in Islamic Students at Salafiyah Islamic Boarding School Situbondo." NurseLine Journal 6, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v6i1.20784.

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Background: The experience of adolescents related to sexuality and problems related to the lack of knowledge in understanding sexual identity will lead these adolescents to sexually deviant behavior Purpose: This study aimed to determine adolescents' characteristics in understanding gender and determine the orientation of adolescents related to sexual attraction in the Salafiyah Sukorejo Islamic school. Methods: This study used an observational analytic approach, with many respondents, as many as 478 students in Salafiyah Islamic schools. The sampling technique in this study used a simple random sampling technique. This study uses the Kinsey scale research instrument with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.929 and uses the Bem Sex Role Inventory instrument with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.868 Results: This study indicates that most students have a heterosexual type of sexual orientation, namely 96.3%, and the sexual identity of the majority of students, namely gender androgyny, as much as 43.9%. Conclusion: %. From the data above, this problem needs to be addressed further, such as early detection, assessment of sexual orientation, and prevention efforts related to sexual problems, which are useful for minimizing the occurrence of deviations in sexual orientation and gender identity in adolescent students

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Marhenke, Tristan, and Roland Imhoff. "Does Bem´s Psychological Androgyny map on gender or sex differences in faces?" Psychology, Society, & Education 11, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v11i1.2071.

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Fast, Irene. "Aspects of core gender identity." Psychoanalytic Dialogues 9, no. 5 (January 1999): 633–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10481889909539349.

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Katz, S. Montana. "Prologue: Sex, Gender, and Identity." Psychoanalytic Inquiry 38, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07351690.2018.1395606.

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Thomas, Constance. "The age of androgyny: The new views of psychotherapists." Sex Roles 13, no. 7-8 (October 1985): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00287949.

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Lev, Arlene Istar. "Disordering Gender Identity." Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality 17, no. 3-4 (February 3, 2006): 35–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j056v17n03_03.

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Maier, Mark. "Revisiting (and Resolving?) the Androgyny/Masculinity Debate in Management." Journal of Men's Studies 2, no. 2 (November 1, 1993): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jms.0202.157.

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