Journal articles on the topic 'Aneth field'

SUMMARY Moment-tensor inversion of induced microseismic events can provide valuable information for tracking CO2 plumes at geological carbon storage sites, and study the physical mechanism of induced microseismicity. Accurate moment-tensor inversion requires a wide-azimuthal coverage of geophones. Cost-effective microseismic monitoring for geological carbon storage often uses only one geophone array within a borehole, leading to a large uncertainty in moment-tensor inversion. We develop a new adaptive moment-tensor joint inversion method to reduce the inversion uncertainty, when using limited but typical geophone receiver geometries. We first jointly invert a number of clustered microseismic events using a uniform focal mechanism to minimize the waveform misfit between observed and predicted P and S waveforms. We then invert the moment tensor for each event within a limited searching range around the joint inversion result. We apply our adaptive joint inversion method to microseismic data acquired using a single borehole geophone array at the CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery field at Aneth, Utah. We demonstrate that our inversion method is capable of reducing the inversion uncertainty caused by the limited azimuthal coverage of geophones. Our inverted strikes of focal mechanisms of microseismic events are consistent with the event spatial distribution in subparallel pre-existing fractures or geological imperfections. The large values up to 40 per cent of the CLVD components might indicate crack opening induced by CO2/wastewater injection or rupture complexity.

One of the fields which needs the most security is Ad hoc Network (ANET). The term ANET guarantees that there is no central authority so as to administer the signals. Security is a basic issue while using ANET for establishing communication. A ANET is an assortment of remote signals that can progressively be set up at anyplace and whenever without utilizing any prior system framework. Because of its volatile nature, it has mobility issues to improve the arrangement of the system. One of the difficulties is to recognize the malicious signals in the system. Because of malicious signals, data loss or high energy consumption will occur which reduce the overall performance of the ANET. There are a few circumstances when at least one signal in the system become malevolent and will destroy the limit of the system. The point of this work is to recognize the malignant signals quickly to avoid loss of data. The conventional strategy for firewall and encryption isn't adequate to secure the system. In this way a malicious signal identification framework must be added to the ad hoc network. A signal needs to be secured when utilizing the resources and to provide secure communication. The ad hoc networks have several issues like, congestion, overload, data loss and energy consumption. In the proposed work a framework for Rapid Malicious Signal Detection with Energy Consumption Reduction (RMSDwECR) Method is proposed. The proposed method is compared with the traditional methods in terms of load in the network, data loss ratio, signal transmission rate, energy consumption levels, malicious signal identification time and throughput levels. The proposed method exhibits better performance than the traditional methods.

As an important functional material in food industry, intelligent packaging films can bring great convenience for consumers in the field of food preservation and freshness detection. Herein, we fabricated pH-sensing films employing hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl), and anthocyanin (Anth). Besides, the effects of adding cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) into the composite films upon the films’ structures and physicochemical properties are elucidated. The addition of CNC promoted more compact film structures. Moreover, CNC dramatically improved several properties of the pH-sensing films, including the distinguishability of their color changes, sensitivity to pH, permeability to oxygen and water vapor, solvent resistance, durability, and low-temperature resistance. These results expand the application range of pH-sensing films containing CNC in the fields of food freshness detection and intelligent packaging.

AbstractThis article is based on the Outstanding Young Investigator Award presentation given by Kristi S. Anseth at the 2001 MRS Spring Meeting on April 17, 2001, in San Francisco. Anseth was recognized for “innovative work in polymeric biomaterials for drug delivery, bone and cartilage repair, and tissue engineering, and for outstanding leadership potential in this interdisciplinary field of materials research.”Photopolymerization provides many advantages as a technique for the fabrication of biomaterials. Temporal and spatial control, along with the diversity in material properties found with photopolymerizable materials, are advantageous in the biomaterials industry. For instance, multifunctional anhydride monomers form highly cross-linked surface-eroding networks directly in bone defects. These networks have good mechanical properties that are maintained with degradation and have the potential to restore tissue-like properties to bone during the healing process. Additionally, cartilage-forming cells photoencapsulated in hydrogel networks secrete an extracellular matrix as the hydrogel is resorbed and may provide a treatment alternative for cartilage defects that do not heal spontaneously. Finally, transdermal polymerization (photopolymerization through the skin) of multifunctional monomers is a noninvasive technique that is being developed for tissue regeneration and wound-healing applications.

Oral and written traditions already existed a long time ago which are highlighted through various high value work. These works are processed as a medium to convey a words of advice, reprimand, satire and philosophy as a guide for the readers. The purpose of this study is to study the inquisitive semantics in strange conversational genre folklore. The objectives of this study are to identify utterances that display behaviors that were opposite to the norms of life and analyse the influence of culture and intelligence in folklore. This study is a qualitative study and an exploratory design by using a corpus data which is the Buku Antologi Enam Hikayat by choosing Hikayat Nakhoda Muda. The data were collected based on primary and secondary data and all the data were analysed based on three stages which is script semantics, resonans semantics and inquisitive semantics. Relevance Theory was used in this study. This study also includes the philosophy and intelligence of the previous society and the knowledge from other fields in order to get the concrete answer for every lexical that are used in the folklore. The results found that each lexical used in folklore has its own meaning and need to analyse by using inquisitive semantics analysis.

The keynote article by Aneta Pavlenko provides a compelling framework for the mental representation of emotion concepts in the two languages of the bilingual (novice or expert), and this may very well be its most telling contribution to the literature. However, I would like to concentrate my remarks on the author's development of the notion of emotionality in the latter third of the paper. I do this, first, because it seems to me that the majority of our work on the bilingual emotion lexicon derives from studies that have been done in the absence of actual emotional experience, and, second, because I believe that the author's development of the concept of emotionality sets the agenda for the next stage of research in this field.

Agroforestry systems are designed to improve the efficiency of use of available resources and to increase potential site productivity. The capability of a plant to acclimate to shade when cultivated beneath trees is important in determining the success of agroforestry projects. The objectives of this study were to determine the morphological, physiological and growth responses of C4big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardii Vitman.) and C3smooth bromegrass ( Bromus inermis Leyss) to various canopy levels of green ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh) in the field, and to examine the impacts of these responses on grass yield. Net photosynthesis (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), and dark respiration (Rd) declined in response to shade in both species, but the decline was steeper in big bluestem than in smooth bromegrass. Total chlorophyll content (Tchl), specific leaf area (SLA), and N content of the leaves increased with shade in both species. In addition, Tchl, SLA, N, and gs were significantly greater in smooth bromeg r ass than in big bluestem at all canopy levels. Lower gs and N, and higher Anet in big bluestem resulted in a higher water and N use efficiencies in this species than in smooth bromegrass. Yield of big bluestem sharply declined with increased canopy cover, whereas yield of smooth bromegrass was not affected by canopy cover. Our results indicate that while both species were productive under various levels of green ash canopy, and showed similar ecophysiological responses to shade, smooth bromegrass acclimate d better to shade than big bluestem. Key words:

The chest X-ray is one of the most common radiological examination types for the diagnosis of chest diseases. Nowadays, the automatic classification technology of radiological images has been widely used in clinical diagnosis and treatment plans. However, each disease has its own different response characteristic receptive field region, which is the main challenge for chest disease classification tasks. Besides, the imbalance of sample data categories further increases the difficulty of tasks. To solve these problems, we propose a new multi-label chest disease image classification scheme based on a multi-scale attention network. In this scheme, multi-scale information is iteratively fused to focus on regions with a high probability of disease, to effectively mine more meaningful information from data. A novel loss function is also designed to improve the rationality of visual perception and multi-label image classification, which forces the consistency of attention regions before and after image transformation. A comprehensive experiment was carried out on the Chest X-Ray14 and CheXpert datasets, separately containing over 100,000 frontal-view and 200,000 front and side view X-ray images with 14 diseases. The AUROC is 0.850 and 0.815 respectively on the two data sets, which achieve the state-of-the-art results, verified the effectiveness of this method in chest X-ray image classification. This study has important practical significance for using AI algorithms to assist radiologists in improving work efficiency and diagnostic accuracy.

Four ethnographic poems are used to explore, elucidate and complexify four ethnographic encounters in the field. Each poem is accompanied by a brief explanation as to the ethnographic context in which the poem was written, as well as the reasons why an ethnographic poem was chosen as a tool to illuminate, complexify and do justice to these varying fieldwork experiences. The strengths of ethnographic poetry as a rigorous and subtle tool for cross-cultural understanding is addressed.

Background: With the intention to quantify the importance of a medical journal, the Impact Factor (IF) was introduced. It has become a de facto fictive rating instrument of the importance of medical journals. Also, it is often used to assess the value of the individual publications within the specific journal. The aim of the present study was to analyze publication trends over 20 years in five high-ranked anesthesiology journals. Methods: The Medline (NCBI) database PubMed was used for analysis which was restricted to the following journals: 1. Anesthesiology; 2. British Journal of Anaesthesia; 3. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology; 4. Anesthesia & Analgesia; and 5. Anaesthesia. Specific publication parameters (IFs, number of pages and authors, etc.) were retrieved using the PubMed download function and imported into Microsoft Excel for further analysis. Results: The mean IF of the five journals analyzed increased significantly within the study period (1991 vs. 2010; +61.81%). However, the absolute number of case reports decreased significantly by 54.7% since 1991. The journals Br J Anaesth (12.2%), J Neurosurg Anesthesiol (51.9%), and Anesth Analg (57.2%) showed significant increases in the number of publications per year. The mean number of authors increased significantly in all the journals from 1991 to 2010 (3.0 vs. 4.3; +43.3%). Conclusions: The IF, as well as the number of articles per year and the number of authors per article, increased significantly. In contrast, the number of pages per article remained comparable during the period analyzed.

This revised address for the 2019 Weaver-Tremblay Award revisits some underlying questions about the practice of anthropology that have figured in my own work. First, why might one choose anthropology as a means of intellectual and practical inquiry into social and cultural phenomena? Second, what kinds of anthropological practice can be pursued? Finally, what types of knowledge can be acquired through anthropological approaches, and to what purposes might this knowledge be applied? These questions are considered within the context of two rather different fields of anthropological inquiry I have pursued: relations between Indigenous Peoples and state governments, on the one hand, and the social construction of sport, on the other. As well as sharing some unexpected analytical commonalities, these ostensibly disparate fields speak to the power that resides in illuminating details of the type that anthropologists are particularly adept in recognizing.

This introduction serves to situate this special theme within the broader fields of language sustainability and language revitalisation and maintenance. It aims to highlight both the unique aspects of linguistic situations in the Circumpolar North as well as to present the under-theorised and practical concerns that speakers of Indigenous and minority languages in this broad region share with each other and speakers in similar linguistic ecologies worldwide.

In this work we explain a strange quantum phenomenon in biology that the European Robin uses to navigate. The bird’s brain contains a chemical called cryptochromes which has two of its electrons entangled through collision with photons. These two electrons hop between singlet and triplet states. This hopping is sensitive to the earth’s magnetic field causing different signals to be transferred to its brain. It is believed that these birds use quantum entanglement for their navigations. We also discuss the importance of this phenomenon in trying to find the origin of life. We also explain the view of some who believe that quantum field is well entrenched in the origin of life and that we have to look for a quantum self-replicator that can repeat itself.Hasil penelitian ini mencoba menjelaskan fenomena kuantum yang aneh pada ranah biologi dimana burung robin eropa bernavigasi menggunakannya. Otak burung tersebut mengandung material kimia yang disebut dengan cryptochromes yang mempunyai dua buah elektron yang terjebak dalam pengaruh interaksi tumbukan antara elektron tersebut dengan foton. Dua elektron tersebut melompat di antara keadaan singlet dan triplet. Lompatan ini dipengaruhi oleh medan magnetik bumi yang memberikan sinyal berbeda-beda untuk ditransfer ke otaknya. Burung-burung ini diyakini menggunakan prinsip pengaruh kuantum untuk navigasinya. Kami juga mengungkap pentingnya fenomena ini dalam usaha mencari asal mula kehidupan. Kami juga menjelaskan sudut pandang yang mempercayai bahwa medan kuantum diyakini berperan penting dalam penjelasan tentang asal mula kehidupan dan bahwa kita harus mencari tahu tentang pembelahan materi dengan pengaruh kuantum yang dapat berlangsung berulang-ulang dengan sendirinya.

In this paper I shall argue that radical epistemic delinking has a key role in liberation from the Colonial Matrix of Power as well as the change in the existing global power relations which are based in the colonialism and maintained through exploitation, expropriation and construction of the (racial) Other. Those power relations render certain bodies and spaces as (epistemologically) irrelevant. In order to discuss possible models of struggle against such condition, firstly I have addressed the relation between de-colonial theories and postcolonial studies, arguing that decolonial positions are both historicising and re-politicising the postcolonial theory. In my central argument I have focused on the epistemic delinking and political implications of decolonial turn. With reference to Grada Killomba I have argued for the struggle against epistemic violence through decolonising knowledge. Decolonising knowledge requires delinking form Eurocentric model of knowledge production and radical dismantling the existing hierarchies among different knowledge. It requires recognition of the ‘Other epistemologies’ and ‘Other knowledge’ as well as liberation from Western disciplinary and methodological limitations. One of the main goals of decolonial project is deinking from the Colonial Matrix of Power. However, delinking is not required only in the areas of economy and politics but also in the field of epistemology. Article received: June 15, 2017; Article accepted: June 26, 2017; Published online: October 15, 2017; Original scholarly paperHow to cite this article: Stojnić, Aneta. "Power, Knowledge, and Epistemic Delinking." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 14 (2017): 105-111. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i14.218

ABSTRACT Background Medical writing is an important component of any research starting with writing a research protocol up to its culmination into presentations and publications. In spite of numerous mandatory academic projects being undertaken in India, the research output in peer-reviewed journals remains low. Lack of proficiency in medical writing has been cited as one of the important causes for same. We conducted a pre- and post-continued medical education (CME) multiple choice questions (MCQs) questionnaire test to assess the baseline knowledge of the participants in this field and observe their improvement after the CME. Materials and methods 210 medical students and faculty from various medical disciplines participated in the workshop. Responses to a 15 item validated MCQs questionnaire under various headings such as literature search, spectrum of formats, statistics, references and reporting were collected from the participants of the CME. Results 40.48% of the participants responded for pre-CME questionnaire forms and 36.67% for the post-CME questionnaire forms. In the post-CME questionnaire, a vast improvement was obtained in almost all questions, observed most prominently in the sections on literature search, referencing and reporting guidelines. Conclusion Training programs in medical writing should be included as a part of the curriculum from undergraduate days. Till the time that this becomes a reality, we should continue to equip ourselves with good medical writing skills by organizing such educative programs. How to cite this article Salgaonkar S, Wajekar AS, Lakhotia A. A Prospective, Pre- and Post-comparative Study to assess Knowledge about Medical Writing. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(1):1-3.

To obtain high yields there should be high flower density and fruit set in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) production. Furthermore, in order to ensure successful fertilization, there should be satisfactory stigma receptivity, rapid pollen tube growth along the style, as well as adequate ovule longevity. This manuscript presents the study of the effective pollination period (EPP) of four ?Oblacinska? sour cherry clones (II/2, III/9, XI/3 and XIII/1) that differs in pollen germination, fruit set and yields. In order to estimate EPP, pollination was conducted in six different stages of flower development: balloon stage, 2 d before anthesis (-2), at anthesis (0), and 2, 4, 6 and 8 d after anth?sis (DAA). The initial (IFS) and final fruit set (FFS) were recorded under the field conditions. Alongside with this, the rate of pollen tubes growth in the style was observed with fluorescent microscopy. The experimental design was completely randomized, a two-factorial analysis of variance was carried out and individual testing was performed using LSD test (p ? 0.05; p ? 0.01). The experiment was set in triplicates. Regarding FFS, clones II/2 and III/9 showed the best results (p ? 0.01) in 4 and 6 DAA. The number of pollen tubes in the style of the pistil decreased with subsequent terms of pollination, while its number in the ovule increased up to sixth day after pollination, followed by a decline. Clones II/2 and III/9 showed EPP which lasted from 6 to 8 d, while EPP found in clone XI/3, lasted only 2 d. It is concluded that only clone having long EPP should be used as parents for creating new sour cherry cultivars.

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><em>Remaja merupakan fase kehidupan yang menarik untuk dikaji, tentang perubahan: fisiknya yang cepat, ketidaknyamanan karena fungsi yang berubah-ubah “satu sisi masih dianggap kecil namun sisi lain dianggap sudah besar”, keinginan untuk “terlepas ikatan” dengan orang tua untuk tergabung dalam sebuah peer group, rasa penasaran terhadap perintah-perintah agama. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan banyaknya remaja memiliki masalah, sehingga perilakunya aneh dan merasa berbeda dengan lingkungan sekitar. Belum lagi tuntutan budaya, yang menyebabkan remaja semakin sulit untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan. Oleh karenanya, dengan bimbingan konseling agama menumbuhkan kesadaran baru bahwa kondisi perubahan pada diri remaja adalah hal yang normal dan tetap beraktivitas dengan semangat untuk mengoptimalkan daya-daya yang dimiliki (biologis, psikologis, sosial, spiritual) untuk berpretasi meneruskan cita-cita keluarga dan negara. Sehingga membantu remaja untuk memiliki sikap lentur (resiliensi) agar mampu beradaptasi di beragam lingkungan budaya untuk menjadi generasi penerus yang berkualitas dengan berbagai prestasi yang membanggakan di bidang kemampuan biologis, rasa percaya diri, keberfungsian sosial dan sempurna dengan melaksanakan perintah agama sesuai dengan keyakinannya. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>GUIDANCE COUNSELING RELIGION WITH CULTURAL APPROACH (FORM THE RESILIENCE OF TEENAGERS). Teenagers is a phase of life that is interesting to examined, about changes: sions which quickly, inconvenience because the functions to change "one side is still considered small but the other side is considered to have great", the desire for "free" ties with the parents to joined in a peer group, taste curious about the commandments of religion. The condition causes many teenagers have a problem, so that their behavior strange and feel different with the environment. Yet the demands of culture, which cause adolescents are increasingly difficult to adapt with the environment. Therefore, with guidance counseling religion grow new awareness that conditions change on themselves adolescents it is normal and remains active with the spirit to optimize the power that power belongs to biological (, psychological, social, spiritual) to berpretasi forward the ideals of the family and the state. So helping teens to have a flexible attitude (resilience) to be able to adapt in a variety of cultural environments to become the next generation of quality with a variety of excellent achievement in the field of biological capabilities, confidence social keberfungsian and perfect with fulfilling the commands of religion in accordance with confidence.</em></p><p> </p>

The 46th NERA Congress was held on March 8th to 10th 2018 at the University of Oslo. NERA is the Nordic Educational Research Association that brings together researchers in the field of educational sciences in the Nordic countries. An essential part of the association and of the congress are NERA’s 24 networks that are organised around different subject areas in educational sciences like early childhood research, youth research etc.. There is a network also for social pedagogy. Its aim is to develop and strengthen the cooperation between researchers and professional groups, engaged or interested in the field of social pedagogy, in the Nordic countries and even wider in Northern Europe like in Poland and Germany. It is currently coordinated by six researchers from five different countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Poland and Sweden. The theme for NERA2018 congress was Educational Research: Boundaries, Breaches and Bridges. The Social pedagogy network had organized altogether four sessions during the congress dealing with topical issues in the field of social pedagogical research. These sessions included two roundtable discussions, the first one dealing with sensitive research and the second one on social pedagogy at schools. In addition to the roundtables there was one symposium considering research in the area of asylum seekers and refugees, and one session was for traditional paper presentations. The countries that were represented in network sessions were Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Finland, and Poland. The sessions awakened animated conversations between participants. One common topic of the discussed issues related to the role and transformation of social pedagogy in changing societies. The sessions of the social pedagogy network were opened up by the roundtable discussion on sensitive research. The leading question for the short presentations of the roundtable participants was: how to research in cooperation with extremely vulnerable people. We heard two interesting presentations by Irena Dychawy Rosner from Malmö University and by Aneta Ostaszewska from the University of Warsaw that giuded us to a discussion about how to support the participation in social pedagogical research of e.g. women working in prostitution so that not just their anonymity and well-being during the research process are secured but also their autonomy and agency could be supported. The research examples shown in the presentations were so fascinating that the discussion around them filled up all the time of the roundtable although we had planned to have four presentations instead of two but there had been two cancellations. The second session following the roundtable was a traditional paper presentation session. Even this session had one last minute cancellation – we assumed it was because of the flue season – so we had two presentations by Jan Arvid Haugan from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Vilborg Jóhannsdóttir from the University of Iceland. Jan Arvid’s presentation was on ’Coping strategies and resilience in upper secondary school’. He shared with us some social pedagogically interesting findings about the background factors behind school drop-out. He himself told us that he was not familiar with the social pedagogical discussion but he had thought that his research findings could be of use in our field when we are trying to find out ways how to support the integration of young people. And he certainly had right. Vilborg’s presentation on the other hand was very interesting for another reason: it was about Icelandic social pedagogy, which differs quite a lot from the understandings of social pedagogy in other Nordic countries. In Iceland, the social pedagogical practice concerns almost only work with people with disabilities. The professional education, role and perspectives of social pedagogy have developed in line with the paradigm change rooted in the CRPD (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities), which has replaced the medical understanding of disability by the social relational understanding of disability. For example in Finland, the social pedagogical discussion and practice have focused very little on people with disabilities. The second roundtable was on social pedagogy at schools. There were four short presentations leading to a common discussion about the role that social pedagogy and social pedagogues have and could have at schools in different Nordic countries. Vilborg Jóhannsdóttir shared us more thoughts on social pedagogy in Iceland concentrating now on the work that the social pedagogues are doing in inclusive schools. Their role seems to be very essential in supporting the education of disabled children and young people in ’normal’ schools but it is at the same time quite controversal. Amela Pacuka from the Oslo Metropolitan University asked us in her presentation: What social pedagogy is for? She had a very critical perspective towards social pedagogy as it is practiced in Norway at schools: trying to find a balance between measurement, quality assurance, testing and relations work. Margareta Fehland and Mikael Boregren from Malmö University presented a project that they have been working on developing a new way of listening to kids in school. Their presentation roused a lively discussion about empathy and about the possiblity to teach empathy in social pedagogical studies. Interestingy, discussion about empathy and about teaching empathy has just recently awaken in the Finnish social pedagogical discussion. Eija Raatikainen, Leigh Anne Rauhala and Seija Mäenpää from Metropolia University of Applied Sciences have published an article about professional empathy called ’Qualified Empathy: A key element for an empowerment professional’ in the Finnish journal of social pedagogy. It is available online in English (Raatikainen, Rauhala, Mäenpää 2017). The last peresentation in the roundtable was about social pedagogical thinking at schools in Finland, presented by Elina Nivala from the University of Eastern Finland. It described social pedagogy as an approach rather than a profession meaning that different professionals at school can have a social pedagogical orientation in their work: A teacher, a special education teacher, a school social worker and even a school nurse can have a social pedagogical mindset in their work e.g. when building pedagogical relations and working holistically with the pupils, supporting their participation and finding ways to strengthen the school community and well-being of everybody at schools. All of them can be considered social pedagogues at schools if they want to develop their work based on social pedagogical thinking. The last session organised by the Social pedagogy network was the symposium called ’How to research in the area of asylum seekers and refugees’. It included originally six presentations: two from Finland and four from Denmark but two of those from Denmark were cancelled. The two presentations from Finland were ’Acts of citizenship in reception centre’ by Päivikki Rapo, and ’Life on hold? – A research project on agency and belonging of asylum seekers’ by Elina Nivala, both of them from the University of Eastern Finland. The Danish presentations were ’How do asylum-seekers experience a sense of meaningfulness in their everyday life in asylum-centres’ Anna Ørnemose, Lene Løkkegård and Lis Leleur, and ’Creating a sense of meaning in connection to school attendance of unaccompanied asylum seeking children’ by Nadia Klarsgaard & Kasper Drevsholt, all of them from the University College of Northern Denmark (UCN). The symposium had a wonderful opportunity to provide an arena for comparative discussion about social pedagogigal asylum research, which is a relatively new field in both countries. Discussions were animated but there could have been more time for comparative perspectives. This shows the need for more research and discussions on this field between different countries. One of the discussed topics concerned asylum seeker women and their possibilities to participation. According to observations of Danish researchers in an asylum center in Denmark, asylum seeker women were denied to get their own spaces. This was argumented with ideas of gender equality in Danish society. In Finland, the challenges on physical spaces of reception centres have also been discussed. Rapo (2018) made an ethnographic research in a Finnish reception centre for her master's thesis. In the observed reception centre, women's fragile position was understood and it was taken into account but even then some restrictions of spaces were noticed only later. It will be interesting to follow how practicies related to gender will transform in reception centres, as questions concerning gender, religion, culture and participation in Western societies are challenging. It is obvious that knowledge on participation and agency of asylum seeker and refugee women is much needed, and social pedagogical research could provide valuable perspectives and tools to produce it. All in all, the presentations and discussions during the sessions showed us very clearly that there is a lot of interesting research and work done in the field of social pedagogy in the Nordic countries. They also illustrated explicitly that the traditions in social pedagogical discussion and practice do differ quite a lot between different Nordic countries. Due to this, there should be more discussion about how social pedagogical practicies have developed historically in different societies and how they are defined theoretically. It is important to discuss critically how social pedagogical work is in practice but it would be of utmost importance to discuss as well how the practices are understood and represented in theory: what is it that makes something social pedagogical, how can it be conceptualised and what makes it different from other fields of practice. And the same goes to research: are there some elements that make research social pedagogical. We hope that the next NERA congress in Uppsala, Sweden on March 6th to 8th will provide an as lively arena for discussions than the previous one did and even more opportunities for critical reflection and shared moments of new understanding. We welcome all new researchers interested in social pedagogy to join us there.

This article aims to discuss the production of knowledge in the academic-scientific field within the scope of the new university that exists in the XXI century in which the production of raw material knowledge is privileged, focused on the interests of the market. It is a bibliographical research, based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts, which help in the comprehension of the characteristics of the scientific field, marked by the dialectical pair knowledge and interest (illusio), highlighting the particularities of the production of knowledge centered on productivism and supported by the idea of meritocracy, structuring element of the academic-scientific field. It is understood that all social fields undergo resignifications, transformations or changes according to the historical context in which they are inserted and, in this regard, in the field of the research and the production of scientific knowledge there are, beyond the productivism, the competitive struggle for prestige and power, attitudes, actions and collaborative practices between the researchers. In conclusion, the understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the scientific field, revealing the relations of power and domination that engender the production of knowledge, can expand the possibilities of constitution of a new emancipatory education project for human beings, contributing to the overcoming of the current productive and meritocratic professional habitus that conforms the illusio of researchers and students in the academic field.ResumoEste artigo visa problematizar a produção do conhecimento no campo acadêmico-científico, no âmbito da nova universidade que se configura no século XXI, em que se privilegia a produção do conhecimento matéria-prima, voltado para os interesses do mercado. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, fundamentada em conceitos teóricos de Pierre Bour­dieu, que auxiliam na compreensão das características do campo científico, marcado pelo par dialético conhecimento e interesse (illusio), evidenciando as particularidades da produção do conhecimento centrado no produtivismo e respaldado pela ideia de meritocracia, elemento estruturante do campo acadêmico-científico. Entende-se que todos os campos sociais passam por ressignificações, transformações ou mudanças de acordo com o contexto histórico em que estão inseridos e que, nesse sentido, no campo da pesquisa e da produção do conhecimento científico existem, para além do produtivismo e da luta concorrencial por prestígio e poder, atitudes, ações e práticas colaborativas entre os pesquisadores. Conclui-se que a compreensão das características intrínsecas e extrínsecas do campo científico, desvelando as relações de poder e dominação que engendram a produção do conhecimento, possa ampliar as possibilidades de constituição de um novo projeto de educação emancipatória para os seres humanos, contribuindo para a superação do atual habitus pro­fissional produtivista e meritocrático que conforma a illusio de pesquisadores e estudantes no campo acadêmico.ResumenEste artículo tiene por objeto problematizar la producción del conocimiento en el campo académico-científico en el ámbito de la nueva universidad que se configura en el siglo XXI en que se privilegia la producción del conocimiento materia prima, orientado hacia los intereses del mercado. Se trata de una investigación bibliográfica, fundamentada en conceptos teóricos de Pierre Bourdieu, que auxilian en la comprensión de las características del campo científico, marcado por el par dialéctico conocimiento e interés (illusio), evidenciando las particularidades de la producción del conocimiento centrado en el productivismo y respaldado por la idea de meritocracia, elemento estructurante del campo académico-científico. Se entiende que todos los campos sociales pasan por resignificaciones, transformaciones o cambios de acuerdo con el contexto histórico en que están insertos y que, en ese sentido, en el campo de la investigación y de la producción del conocimiento científico existen, además del productivismo, de la lucha competitiva por prestigio y poder, actitudes, acciones y prácticas colaborativas entre los investigadores. Se concluye que la comprensión de las características intrínsecas y extrínsecas del campo científico, desvelando las relaciones de poder y dominación que engendran la producción del conocimiento, puedan ampliar las posibilidades de constitución de un nuevo proyecto de educación emancipatoria para los seres humanos, contribuyendo a la superación del actual habitus profesional productivista y meritocrático que conforma la illusio de investigadores y estudiantes en el campo académico.Palavras-chave: Educação superior, Produção do conhecimento, Relações de poder, Meritocracia.Keywords: Higher education, Production of knowledge, Power relations, Meritocracy.Palabras clave: Educación superior, Producción del conocimiento, Relaciones de poder, Meritocracia.ReferencesAGUIAR, Andréa. Illusio. In: CATANI, A. M. et al. (Orgs.). Vocabulário Bourdieu. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2017. p. 231-233.AMADO, Luiz A. S.; MANCEBO, Deise. A universidade no século XXI: entre o discurso e a prática. 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Abstract Past research has shown that plants possess the capacity to alter their instantaneous response of photosynthesis to temperature in response to a longer-term change in temperature (i.e. acclimate). This acclimation is typically the result of processes that influence net photosynthesis (Anet), including leaf biochemical processes such as the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax), stomatal conductance (gs) and dark respiration (Rd). However, these processes are rarely examined in the field or in concert with other environmental factors, such as precipitation amount. Here, we use a fully factorial warming (active heating up to +4 °C; mean = +3.1 °C) by precipitation (−50 % ambient to 150 % ambient) manipulation experiment in an old-field ecosystem in the north-eastern USA to examine the degree to which Ulmus americana saplings acclimate through biochemical and stomatal adjustments. We found that rates of Anet at ambient CO2 levels of 400 µmol mol−1 (A400) did not differ across climate treatments or with leaf temperatures from 20 to 30 °C. Canopy temperatures rarely reached above 30 °C in any treatment, suggesting that seasonal carbon assimilation was relatively homeostatic across all treatments. Assessments of the component processes of A400 revealed that decreases in gs with leaf temperature from 20 to 30 °C were balanced by increases in Vcmax, resulting in stable A400 rates despite concurrent increases in Rd. Photosynthesis was not affected by precipitation treatments, likely because the relatively dry year led to small treatment effects on soil moisture. As temperature acclimation is likely to come at a cost to the plant via resource reallocation, it may not benefit plants to acclimate to warming in cases where warming would not otherwise reduce assimilation. These results suggest that photosynthetic temperature acclimation to future warming will be context-specific and that it is important to consider assimilatory benefit when assessing acclimation responses.

04–01Asraf, Ratnawati Mohd and Ahmad, Ismail Sheikh (International Islamic University, Malaysia). Promoting English language development and the reading habit among students in rural schools through the Guided Extensive Reading program. Reading in a Foreign Language (Hawai'i, USA), 15, 2 (2003), 83–102.04–02 Beaven, Tim (Open University, UK; Email: m.c.beaven@open.ac.uk). Immigration in Spain: society, culture and the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. Vida Hispánica (Rugby, UK), 29 (2004), 3–8.04–03Blei, Dagmar. Aufgaben in einer konstruktivistischen Lernkultur. [Tasks in a constructivist learning culture] Deutsch als Fremdsprache (Leipzig, Germany), 4 (2003), 220–227.04–04Carduner, Jessie (Kent State U., Ohio, USA; Email: jcardune@kent.edu). Productive dictionary skills training: what do language learners find useful?Language Learning Journal (London, UK), 28 (Winter 2003), 70–76.04–05Carless, David R. (Hong Kong Institute of Education; Email: dcarless@ied.edu.hk). Factors in the implementation of task-based teaching in primary schools. System (Oxford, UK), 31 (4), (2003), 485–500.04–06Crandall, E. and Basturkmen, H. (University of Auckland, NZ). Evaluating pragmatics-focused materials. ELT Journal (Oxford, UK), 58, 1 (2004), 38–49.04–07Cumming-Potvin, W., Renshaw, P. and Kraayenoord, van C. (Murdoch University, Australia; Email: potvin@central.murdoch.edu.au). A sociocultural analysis of language learning: new forms of literacy practices in a language and culture awareness programme. Language and Education (Clevedon, UK), 17, 6 (2003), 201–217.04–08Delagneau, Jean-Marc (Université du Havre, France). Langues allemandes de spécialité: implication pédagogiques de la recherche au niveau du lexique et de la syntaxe. [German Language for Specific Purposes: pedagogical implications for research on lexicon and syntax.] Les Cahiers de l'APLIUT (Paris, France), 3 (2003), 9–26.04–09Durán, Richard (Baylor University, USA) and McCool, George.If this is French,then what did I learn in School?The French Review (Southern Illinois University, USA), 77, 2 (2003), 288–299.04–10Finn, Thomas (Ohio Northern University, USA). Incorporating the comédie-musicale in the college French classroom. The French Review (Southern Illinois University, USA), 77, 2 (2003), 302–309.04–11Gutiérrez Almarza, Gloria and Peña Calvo, Alicia (Nottingham Trent U., UK; Email: gloria.gutiérrez@ntu.ac.uk). El desarrollo de la competencia intercultural y la formación de los profesores de lenguas. [The development of intercultural competence and language teacher training.] Vida Hispánica (Rugby, UK), 29 (2004), 9–13.04–12Hwo, F. (Bowling Green State University, Ohio, USA; Email: fhwu@bgnet.bgsu.edu). On the applicability of the input-enhancement hypothesis and input processing theory in multimedia CALL: the case of Spanish preterite and imperfect instruction in an input application. CALICO Journal (Texas, USA), 21, 2 (2004), 317–338.04–13Kang, S. (Qufu Teachers' University, P.R. China). Using visual organizers to enhance EFL instruction. ELT Journal (Oxford, UK), 58, 1 (2004), 58–67.04–14Kohler, Michelle (U. of South Australia; Email: Michelle.Kohler@unisa.edu.au). Developing continuity through long-term programming. Babel (Victoria/Melbourne, Australia), 38, 2 (2003), 9–16, 38.04–15Lambert, C. (University of Kitakyushu, Japan). Reverse-engineering communication tasks. ELT Journal (Oxford, UK), 58, 1 (2004), 18–27.04–16Linder, D. (University of Salamanca, Spain). The internet in every classroom?Using outside computers. ELT Journal (Oxford, UK), 58, 1 (2004), 10–17.04–17Malone, Dennis (SIL International, Thailand; Email: Dennis_Malone@sil.org). Developing curriculum materials for endangered language education: lessons from the field. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (Clevedon, UK), 6, 5 (2003), 332–348.04–18Murphy, John (Atlanta, USA). Attending to word-stress while learning new vocabulary. English for Specific Purposes (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), 23, 1 (2004), 67–83.04–19Myhill, Debra (Exeter U., UK; Email: D.A.Myhill@ex.ac.uk). Principled understanding?Teaching the active and passive voice. Language and Education (Clevedon, UK), 17, 5 (2003), 355–370.04–20Pavlenko, Aneta (Temple U., USA; Email: apavlenk@temple.edu). “Language of the enemy”: Foreign language education and national identity. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (Clevedon, UK), 6, 5 (2003), 313–331.04–21Pollard, Matthew (Latimer Upper School, London, UK). Teaching and learning metaphor. English in Education (Sheffield, UK), 37, 3 (2004), 19–27.04–22Rinder, Anna. Das konstruktivistische Lernparadigma und die neuen Medien. [The constructvist paradigm and new media.] Informationen Deutsch als Fremdsprache (Munich, Germany), 30, 1 (2003), 3–22.04–23Rodrigo, Victoria (Georgia State University, USA), Krashen, Stephen and Gribbons, Barry. The effectiveness of two comprehensible-input approaches to foreign language instruction at the intermediate level. System (Oxford, UK), 32, 1 (2004), 53–60.04–24Tenberg, Reinhard. Interaktionsformen und Neue Medien aus der Sicht des Fernlernens. [Form of interactions and new media in distance learning.] Deutsch als Fremdsprache (Leipzig, Germany), 4 (2003), 210–219.04–25Wang, Yuping (Griffith U., Australia; Email: y.wang@griffith.edu.au). Distance language learning: interactivity and fourth-generation internet-based videoconferencing. Calico Journal (Texas, USA), 21, 2 (2004), 373–495.04–26Weber, Vanessa and Abel, Andrea (European A. of Bolzano/Bozen, Italy; Email: vanessa.weber@eurac.edu). Preparing language exams: an online learning system with dictionary and email tandem. ReCall (Cambridge, UK), 15, 2 (2003), 169–176.04–27Wood, Alistair and Head, Michael (University of Brunei, Darussalam). ‘Just what the doctor ordered’: the application of problem-based learning to EAP. English for Specific Purposes (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), 23, 1 (2004), 3–17.

Abstract Objective. To describe the quality of the relationship between nurses and patients under mechanical ventilation.Methods. This observational study, performed in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit in Iran, selected 10 nurses and 35 patients through simple random and convenience sampling, respectively. One of the researchers observed 175 communications between nurses and patients in different work shifts and recorded the results according to a checklist. Nurse and patient satisfaction with the communication was assessed by using a six-item Likert scale, 8 to 12 h after extubation.Results. Most of the patients were male (77.1%), while most of the nurses were female (60%). Patients started over 75% of the communications observed. The content of the communication was related mostly to physical needs and pain. Besides, the majority of patients used purposeful stares and hand gestures, and head nod for communication.Most of the communications between patients and nurses were satisfied ‘very low’ (45.7% in nurses, versus 54.3% in patients). However, ‘complete satisfaction’ was lower in nurses (0%), compared with patients (5.7%). No statistically significant correlation was found between patients’ and nurses’ satisfaction and demographic variables.Conclusion. The results showed that communication between nurses and mechanically ventilated patients was built through traditional methods and was based on the patients’ requests. 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The bodies of disordered women … offer themselves as an aggressively graphic text for the interpreter—a text that insists, actually demands, that it be read as a cultural statement, a statement about gender. (Bordo, 94)Violence is transgressive in fundamental ways. It erases boundaries, and imposes agency over others, or groups of others. The assumed social stance is to disapprove, morally and ethically, as a ‘good’ and ‘moral’ female subject. My current research has made me question the simplicity of this approach, to interrogate how aggression socialises power and how resistance to structural violence might look. I analyse three cultural practices to consider the social demarcations around aggression and gender, both within overt acts of violence and in less overt protocols. This research will focus on artistic practices as they offer unique embodied ways to “challenge our systems of representation and knowledge” (Szylak 2).The three creative works reviewed: the 2009 Swedish film the Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, the work Becoming an Image by Canadian non-binary/transgender artist Cassils, and Gambit Lines, by artist Carolyn Craig, each contest gendered modes of normativity within the space of the Cultural Screen (Silverman). The character of Lisbeth Salander in Girl with the Dragon Tattoo subverts the aggressor female/femme fatale trope in Western cinema by confusing and expanding visual repertoires around aggression, while artists Cassils and Carolyn Craig re-draw how their biologically assigned female bodies perform power in the Cultural Screen by activating bodily feedback loops for the viewer’s gaze.The Aggressor ModeThe discussion of these three works will centre on the ‘female aggressor trope’, understood here as the static coda of visual practices of female power/aggression in the western gaze. This article considers how subverting such representations of aggression can trigger an “epistemic crisis that allows gender categories to change,” in particular in the way protocols of power are performed over female and trans subjectivities (Butler, Athletic 105). The tran/non-binary subject state in the work of Cassils is included in this discussion of the female aggressor trope as their work directly subverts the biological habitus of the female body, that is, the artist’s birth/biologically assigned gender (Bourdieu). The transgender state they perform – where the body is still visibly female but refusing its constraints - offers a radical framework to consider new aggressive stances for non-biologically male bodies.The Cultural Screen and Visual RepresentationsI consider that aggression, when performed through the mediated position of a creative visual practice (as a fictional site of becoming) can deconstruct the textual citations that form normative tropes in the Cultural Screen. The Screen, for this article, is considered asthe site at which the gaze is defined for a particular society, and is consequently responsible both for the way in which the inhabitants of that society experience the gaze’s effects, and for much of the seeming particularity of that society’s visual regime. (Silverman 135)The Screen functions as a suite of agreed metaphors that constitute a plane of ‘reality’ that defines how we perform the self (Goffman). It comprises bodily performance, our internal gaze (of self and other) and the visual artefacts a culture produces. Each of the three works discussed here purposely intervenes with this site of gender production within the Cultural Screen, by creating new visual artefacts that expand permissible aggressive repertoires for female assigned bodies. Deconstructing the Cultural ScreenThe history of images … can be read as a cultural history of the human body. (Belting 17)Cinematic representations play a key role in producing the visual primers that generate social ‘acts’. For this reason I examine the Swedish film Män Som Hatar Kvinnor (Men Who Hate Women, 2009), released as The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo for foreign audiences, as an example of an expanding range of female aggressor representations in film, and one of particular complexity in the way it expands on representational politics. I consider how specific scripting, dialogue and casting decisions in the lead female character of Lisbeth Salander (played by Noomi Rapace) serve to deconstruct the female aggressor trope (as criminal or sexual provocateur) to allow her character to engage in aggressive acts outside of the cliché of the deviant woman. This disrupts the fixity of assigned body protocols on the social grid to expand their gendered habitus (Bourdieu).Key semiotic relations in the film’s characterisation of Lisbeth prevent her performance of aggression from moving into the clichés of erotic or evil feminine typologies. Her character remains unfixed, moving between a continuous state of unfolding in response to necessity and desire. Here, she exhibits an agency usually denoting masculinity. This allows her violence a positive emancipatory affect, one that avoids the fixity of the representational tropes of the deviant woman or the femme fatale. Her character draws upon both tropes, but reformulates them into a postmodern hybridity, where aggression slips from its sexualised/deviant fetish state into an athletic political resistance. Signification is strategically confused as Lisbeth struts through the scaffolding of normalcy in her insurgent gender game. Her post-punk weaponised attire draws on the repertoire of super heroes, rock stars and bondage mistresses, without committing to any. The libidinal component of violence/aggression is not avoided, but acknowledged, both in its patriarchal formula and Lisbeth’s enactment of revenge as embodied pleasure.The visual representation of both lead actors is also of interest. Both Lisbeth and Mikael have visible acne scars. This small breach in aesthetic selection affects how we view and consume them as subjects and objects on the Screen. The standard social more for the appearance of male and female leads is to use faces modeled on ideas of symmetry and perfection. These tendencies draw upon the cultural legacies of physiognomy that linked moral character with attractiveness schedules and that continue to flourish in the Cultural Screen (Lavater; Principe and Langlois). This decision to feature faces with minor flaws appropriates the camera’s gaze to re-consider schedules of normalcy, in particular value and image index as they relate to gendered representations. This aesthetic erasure of the Western tradition of stereotyped representations permits transitional spaces to emerge within the binary onslaught. Technology is also appropriated in the film as a space for a performative ‘switching’ of the gender codes of fixity. In her role as undercover researcher, Lisbeth’s control of code gives her both a monetised agency and an informational agency. The way that she types takes on an almost aggressive assertion. Each stroke is active and purposeful, as she exerts control through her interface with digital space. This is made explicit early in the film when she appropriates the gaze of technology (a particularly male semiotic code) to extract agency from within the structural discourse of patriarchy itself. In this scene, she forces her guardian to watch footage of his own act of raping her. Here Lisbeth uses the apparatus of the gaze to re-inscribe it back over his body. This structural inversion of the devices of control is made even more explicit when Lisbeth then brands him with text. Here ‘writing on the body’ becomes manifest.The director also frames initial scenes of Lisbeth’s nude body in subtle ways that fracture the entrenched history of representations of women, where the female as object exists for the gaze of male desire (Berger). Initially all we see are her shoulders. They are powerful and she moves like a boxer, inhabiting space and flexing her sinew. When we do see her breasts, they are neutered from the dominant coda of the “breasted experience” (Young). Instead, they function as a necessary appendage that she acknowledges as part of the technology of her body, not as objectified male desire.These varied representational modes built within Lisbeth’s characterisation, inhabit and subvert the female aggressor trope (as deviant), to offer a more nuanced portrayal where the feminine is still worn, but as both a masquerade and an internal emancipatory dialogue. That is, the feminine is permitted to remain whilst the masculine (as aggressive code) is intertwined into non-binary relations of embodied agency. This fluidity refracts the male gaze from imposing spectatorial control via the gaze.Cassils The Canadian non-binary/transgender artist Cassils also uses the body as semiotic technology to deny submission to the dominant code of the Cultural Screen. They re-image the self with bodybuilding, diet and steroids to exit their biologically female structural discourse into a more fluid gendered state. This state remains transitive as their body is not surgically ‘reassigned ‘ back into normative codes (male or female assignations) but instead inhabits the trans pronoun of ‘they/their’. This challenges the Cultural Screen’s dependence on fixed binary states through which to allocate privilege. This visible reshaping also permits entry into more aggressive bodily protocols via the gaze (through the spectorial viewpoint of self and other).Cassils ruptures the restrictive habitus of female/trans subjectivity to enable more expansive gestures in the social sphere, and a more assertive bodily performance. This is achieved by appropriating the citational apparatus of male aggression via a visual reframing of its actions. Through daily repetitive athletic training Cassils activates the proprioceptive loops that inform their gendered schema and the presentation of self (Goffman). This training re-scripts their socially inscribed gender code with semiotically switched gender ‘acts’. This altered subjectivity is made visible for the viewer through performance to destablise the Screen of representation further via the observers’ gaze.In their work Becoming an Image (2012- current), Cassils performs against a nine hundred kilogram lump of clay for twenty minutes in complete darkness, fractured only by an intermittent camera flash that documents the action. This performance contests the social processes that formulate the subject as ‘image’. By using bodily force (aggressive power) against an inert lump of clay, Cassils enacts the frustration and affect that the disenfranchised Other feels from their own gender shaping (Bhaba). The images taken by the camera during this performance reflect a ferocious refusal, an animal intent, a state of battle. The marks and residues of their bodily ‘acts’ shape the clay in an endurance archive of resistance, where the body’s trace/print forms the material itself along with the semiotic residue of the violence against transgender and female bodies. In some ways, the body of Cassils and the body of clay confront each other through Cassils’s aggressive remolding of the material of social discourse itself.The complicity of photography in sustaining representational discourse is highlighted within Cassils’s work through the intertextual rupturing of the performance with the camera flash and through the title of the work. To Become an Image invokes the processes of the darkroom itself, where the photographer controls image development, whilst the aggressive flash reflects the snapshot of violence, where the gendered subject is ‘imaged’ (formulated and confined) without permission by the observer schedules of patriarchy. The flash also leaves a residual trace in the retinas of the viewer, a kind of image burn, perhaps chosen to mimic the fear, intrusion and coercion that normalcy’s violence impinges over Othered subjects. The artist converts these flash generated images into wallpaper that is installed into the gallery space, usually the day after the performance. Thus, Cassils’s corporeal space is re-inscribed onto the walls of the institutional archive of representations – to evoke both the domestic (wallpaper as home décor), the public domain (the white walls of institutional rhetoric) and the Cultural Screen.Carolyn Craig The work of Carolyn Craig also targets representations that substantiate the Cultural Screen. She uses performative modes in the studio to unravel her own subjective habitus, in particular targeting the codes that align female aggression with deviancy. Her work isolates the action of making a fist to re-inscribe how the aggression code is ‘read’ as embodied knowledge by women. Two key articles by Thomas Schubert that investigated how making a fist is perceived differently between genders (in terms of interiorised power) informed her research. Both studies found that when males make a fist they experience an enhanced sense of power, while women did not. In fact, in the studies, they experienced a slight decrease in their sense of comfort in the world (their embodied sense of agency). Schubert surmised this reflected gender-based protocols in relation to the permissible display of aggression, as “men are culturally less discouraged to use bodily force, which will frequently be associated with success and power gain [whilst women] are culturally discouraged from using bodily force” (Schubert 758). These studies suggest how anchored gestures of aggression are to male power schemas and their almost inaccessibility to women. When artists re-formulate such (existing) input algorithms by inserting new representations of female aggression into the Cultural Screen, they sever the display of aggression from the exclusive domain of the masculine. This circulates and incorporates a broader visual code that informs conceptual relations of power.Craig performs the fisting action in the studio to neuter this existing code using endurance, repetition and parody (fig. 1). Parody activates a Bakhtian space of Carnivalesque, a unique space in the western cultural tradition that permits transgressive inversions of gender, power and normativity (Hutcheon). By making and remaking a fist through an absurdist lens, the social scaffolding attached to the action (fear, anxiety, transgression) is diluted. Repetition and humour breaks down the existing code, and integrates new perceptual schema through the body itself. Parody becomes a space of slippage, one that is a precursor to a process of (re)constitution within the social screen, so that Craig can “produce representation” rather than be (re)presentation (Schneider 51). This transitory state of Carnivalesque produces new relational fields (both bodily and visual) that are then projected back into the Screen of normativity to further dislodge gender fixity. Figure 1: Carolyn Craig, Gambit Lines (Angles of Incidence #1), 2016. Etchings from performance on folded aluminium, 25.5 x 34 x 21cm. This nullifies the power of the static image of deviancy (the woman as specimen) and ferments leakages into broader representational fields. Craig’s fisting actions target the proprioceptive feedback loops that make women fear their own bodies’ potential of violence, that make us retreat from the citational acts of aggression. Her work tilts embodied retreat (as fear) through the distorted mimesis of parody to initiate a Deleuzian space of agentic potential (Deleuze and Guattari). This is re-inserted into the Cultural Screen as suites of etchings grounded in the representational politics, and historical genealogy of printed matter, to bring the historical conditions of formation of knowledge into review.Conclusion The aggressor trope as used within the works discussed, produces a more varied representational subject. This fosters subjectivities outside the restraints of normativity and its imposed gendered habitus. The performance of aggression by bodies not permissibly branded to script such acts forces static representations embedded through the Cultural Screen into “an unstable and troubled terrain, a crisis of knowledge, a situation of not-knowing”. This state of representational confusion leads to a “risking of gender itself … that exposes our knowledge about gender as tenuous, contested, and ungrounded in a thorough and productively disturbing sense” (Butler, Athletic 110). Tropes that define binary privilege, when dislodged in such a way, become accessible to fluidity or erasure. This allows more nuanced gender allocation to schedules of power.The Cultural Screen produces and projects the metaphors we live by and its relations to power are concrete (Johnson and Lakoff). Even small-scale incursions into masculine domains of agency (such as the visual display of aggression) have a direct correlation to the allocation of resources, both spatial, economic and subjective. The use of the visual can re-train the conceptual parameters of the cultural matrix to chip small ways forward to occupy space with our bodies and intellects, to assume more aggressive stances in public, to speak over people if I feel the need, and to be rewarded for such actions in a social context. I still feel unable to propose direct violence as a useful action but I do admit to having a small poster of Phoolan Devi in my home and my admiration for such women is deep.ReferencesBelting, Hans. An Anthropology of Images. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 2011.Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. London: Penguin, 2008.Bhaba, Homi. "The Other Question: Difference, Discrimination and the Discourse of Colonialism.” Out There: Marginalisation and Contemporary Cultures. Eds. Russell Ferguson and Trinh T. Minh-ha. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1990. 71-89.Bordo, Susan. “The Body and the Reproduction of Femininity.” Writing on the Body: Female Embodiment and Feminist Theory. Eds. 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