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Journal articles on the topic 'ANFO explosives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Figuli, Lucia, Vladimir Kavicky, Stefan Jangl, and Zuzana Zvakova. "Comparison of the Efficacy of Homemade and Industrially Made ANFO Explosives as an Improvised Explosive Device Charge." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 20, no. 2 (2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2018.2.23-27.

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More than 95 % of all the terrorist attacks are carried out using the ANFO explosives. The ANFO explosives are explosives made from ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. They can be in three different variants (ammonium nitrate with oil, ammonium nitrate with oil and aluminium powder or ammonium nitrate with oil and TNT). This paper describes analysis of the field test results of ANFO explosives of different types. The efficacy of industrially made and the homemade ANFO explosives is compared and their possible usage in terrorist attacks for the treatment or the damage of critical infrastructure elem

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2

Ilici, Stefan, Edward Gheorghiosu, Daniela Rus, and Ciprian Jitea. "Research in the field of evaluation of anfo explosive preparation installations, Tests and results." MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134201003.

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The technical-economic efficiency of rock extraction works depends significantly on the drilling and blasting works as well as the adjacent costs. The cost of the explosive is an important component in these and the generalization of the widespread use of the use of bulk explosives (ANFO) has generated a significant reduction in the cost. Making the explosive close to the place of use in fixed or semi-stationary installations on the quarry stage eliminates the costs related to storage or long-term storage, transport, escort, security. However, installations for the manufacture of ANFO type exp

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3

Resende, Salatiel Assis, Valdir Costa e. Silva, and Hernani Mota de Lima. "Study of non-conventional fuels for explosives mixes." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 67, no. 3 (2014): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672014000300009.

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The use of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) results in low cost blasting. Such costs may be further reduced by replacing fuel oil with alternative fuels such as biomass (biodiesel, rice straw, corn cob, sugar cane bagasse) and tires residue. This paper investigates the use of other fuels instead of fuel oil by measuring the detonation velocity (VOD) and verifying the importance of these fuels in an explosive mixture. Except for biodiesel, all the tests conducted for the mixture of ammonium nitrate and alternative fuels showed poor performance when compared with ANFO. The achieved percentag

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4

Sierra, Cesar, Leon Perez, Andrea Garzon, Juan Hinestroza, and Diana Sinuco. "Detection of antipersonnel landmines containing ANFO-based explosive: A review." Revista Colombiana de Química 49, no. 3 (2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rcq.v49n3.85301.

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After an internal conflict that lasted over half a century, the detection and removal of antipersonnel landmines in Colombia have become cumbersome challenges. Antipersonnel landmines remain scattered in Colombia and with a considerable impact on the central-western region. Most of these devices are handmade (therefore, they can also be classified as improvised explosive devices) and composed of ammonium nitrate and fossil fuel blend, a mixture known as ANFO. Due to several unique factors, including concealment tactics and non-conventional manufacturing techniques employed by guerrilla fighter

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5

Figuli, Lucia, and Zuzana Zvaková. "Different Approaches to Determine of the Explosion Effect, of a Homemade Explosive, on the Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 796 (October 2015): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.796.77.

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With the increase in acts of terrorism, the effects of the explosion on structures has become highly topical. The aim of the paper is an analysis of various approaches to determine the response of blast loaded reinforced concrete pillar. Homemade ANFO (Ammonium nitrate + fuel oil) explosive will be a reference explosive. Such type of explosives is the most used one in terroristic attacks. The paper will be focused on the analysis of the blast wave, based on the experimental tests, and dynamic analysis of a structure under such load.

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6

Léonard, Fabien, Zhen Zhang, Holger Krebs, and Giovanni Bruno. "Structural and Morphological Quantitative 3D Characterisation of Ammonium Nitrate Prills by X-Ray Computed Tomography." Materials 13, no. 5 (2020): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051230.

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The mixture of ammonium nitrate (AN) prills and fuel oil (FO), usually referred to as ANFO, is extensively used in the mining industry as a bulk explosive. One of the major performance predictors of ANFO mixtures is the fuel oil retention, which is itself governed by the complex pore structure of the AN prills. In this study, we present how X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and the associated advanced data processing workflow, can be used to fully characterise the structure and morphology of AN prills. We show that structural parameters such as volume fraction of the different phases and morpho

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7

Jander, Peter, and Reinhard Noll. "Automated Detection of Fingerprint Traces of High Explosives Using Ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 63, no. 5 (2009): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370209788346922.

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Ultraviolet (UV) resonance Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique for the detection of trace explosives. For real-world applications, it is necessary to develop data evaluation algorithms that automatically recognize the spectral features of explosives in a sample spectrum. We have developed a robust algorithm that can tolerate high levels of fluorescence background. We successfully demonstrated the detection of traces of ANFO and TNT explosives at surface coverage levels of 55 μg/cm2 in a blind test experiment. The sensitivity and selectivity is discussed in terms of receiver operating c

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8

Sheykhi, Sara, Lorenzo Mosca, and Pavel Anzenbacher. "Toward wearable sensors: optical sensor for detection of ammonium nitrate-based explosives, ANFO and ANNM." Chemical Communications 53, no. 37 (2017): 5196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc01949a.

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9

Biessikirski, Andrzej, Łukasz Kuterasiński, Michał Dworzak, Michał Twardosz, Maciej Tatko, and Bogna Daria Napruszewska. "On the Influence of the Ammonium Nitrate(V) Provenance on Its Usefulness for the Manufacture of ANFO Type Explosives." Energies 13, no. 18 (2020): 4942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184942.

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Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) samples based on fertilizer (AN-F) and ammonium nitrate porous prill (AN-PP) were studied. Tests were carried out using both a thermogravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) of ammonium nitrate(V) (AN) concerning either their surface or cross-section was performed. Based on the SEM results, it was shown that the surface of AN-F grains was flat and slightly deformed, while the AN-PP surface was wrinkled and deformed. Furthermore, the various steps of thermogravimetric proce

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10

KANO, Yoneji, Hideo MINAMIDE, Koji NAKAGAWA, and Finn OUCHTERLONY. "Parallel Hole Cut Blasting Tests with ANFO and Emulsion Explosives." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 623 (1999): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1999.623_119.

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11

Biessikirski, Andrzej, Suzana Gotovac Atlagić, Mateusz Pytlik, et al. "The Influence of Microstructured Charcoal Additive on ANFO’s Properties." Energies 14, no. 14 (2021): 4354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144354.

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The verification of the blasting parameters of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) with the addition of microstructured charcoal (MC) produced by destructive wood distillation was performed. Additional investigation of specific surface and pore distribution by the nitrogen adsorption of the two granulations of MC was also carried out. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy was used for morphology evaluation and revealed smoothening of the initially developed external surface of carbon with intensive milling. In addition, the analysis of the thermal properties of the studied samples (TG/DSC)

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12

Viktorov, S. D., A. E. Frantov, and I. N. Lapikov. "Development of the Potential for the Cheap Explosives in Russia." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 8 (August 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-8-7-14.

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The most accessible and popular means of destruction of rocks, which are used in the extraction of ores, non-metallic minerals, mining and chemical raw materials, are the cheap explosives, in the Russian technical literature called granulites or AS-DT, in the foreign — ANFO. The article presents the research carried out to improve the formulation and explosive properties of granulites A6, Igdanit, Igdanit-P, A3. They are aimed at using the modern raw material base, increasing the efficiency of blasting, the safety of manufacturing and loading drill holes and boreholes, maintaining a balanced c

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13

Nazarian, Ashot, and Cary Presser. "Forensic methodology for the thermochemical characterization of ANNM and ANFO homemade explosives." Thermochimica Acta 608 (May 2015): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2015.04.006.

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14

Biessikirski, Andrzej, Krzysztof Barański, Mateusz Pytlik, Łukasz Kuterasiński, Jolanta Biegańska, and Konrad Słowiński. "Application of Silicon Dioxide as the Inert Component or Oxide Component Enhancer in ANFO." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082152.

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Non-ideal explosives with differing contents of silicon dioxide (silica or dioxosilane) added in the form of powder and gel were tested. Measurements of structure, crystallinity and morphology were performed by means of infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IR and XRD analysis revealed a lack of SiO2 influence on the non-ideal explosive structure. SEM analysis indicated that all the surface deformations of ammonium nitrate(V) prill were filled by a thin fuel film layer on which SiO2 was present. The additional calculations of selected theor

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15

Afanasev, Pavel Igorevich, and Khairullo Faizullaevich Makhmudov. "Assessment of the Parameters of a Shock Wave on the Wall of an Explosion Cavity with the Refraction of a Detonation Wave of Emulsion Explosives." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 3976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093976.

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At present, studying the parameters of shock waves at pressures up to 20 GPa entails a number of practical difficulties. In order to describe the propagation of shock waves, their initial parameters on the wall of the explosion cavity need to be known. With the determination of initial parameters, pressures in the near zone of the explosion can be calculated, and the choice of explosives can be substantiated. Therefore, developing a method for estimating shock wave parameters on an explosion cavity wall during the refraction of a detonation wave is an important problem in blast mining. This ar

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16

Белин, В. А., Г. П. Парамонов, and Ж. Жимьян. "PECULIARITIES OF MANUFACTURING AND APPLICATION OF MIXED EXPLOSIVES OF ANFO TYPE AT MINING ENTERPRISES OF MONGOLIA." Записки Горного института 232, no. 4 (2018): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2018.4.364.

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Рассмотрены вопросы производства взрывных работ, проводимых в промышленных масштабах c применением аммиачно-селитренных взрывчатых веществ. На основании экспериментальных исследований, выполненных авторами, было определено, что для использования на горных предприятиях Монголии, в первую очередь на угольных разрезах, наиболее рациональными и эффективными являются смесевые взрывчатые вещества на основе аммиачной селитры в твердом состоянии с различными жидкими, а также твердыми дисперсными горючими добавками – смеси типа АСДТ или ANFO. Определены температурные границы для фазовых переходов аммиа

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17

Jackson, Scott I., and Mark Short. "Scaling of detonation velocity in cylinder and slab geometries for ideal, insensitive and non-ideal explosives." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 773 (May 21, 2015): 224–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.240.

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Experiments were conducted to characterize the detonation phase-velocity dependence on charge thickness for two-dimensional detonation in condensed-phase explosive slabs of PBX 9501, PBX 9502 and ANFO. In combination with previous diameter-effect measurements from a cylindrical rate-stick geometry, these data permit examination of the relative scaling of detonation phase velocity between axisymmetric and two-dimensional detonation. We find that the ratio of cylinder radius ($R$) to slab thickness ($T$) at each detonation phase velocity ($D_{0}$) is such that $R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})<1$. The varia

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18

Chiquito, Maria, Ricardo Castedo, Lina M. Lopez, Anastasio P. Santos, Juan M. Mancilla, and Jose I. Yenes. "Blast Wave Characteristics and TNT Equivalent of Improvised Explosive Device at Small scaled Distances." Defence Science Journal 69, no. 4 (2019): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.13637.

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A significant number of airblast test have been carried out with the purpose to characterise and analyse the properties of improvised explosive device (IED) with non-conventional explosives in terms of knowing the effects on people and/or structures. Small devices with 1.5 kg of explosive, initiated with a detonating cord have been studied. Seven different mixtures have been tested with two types of ammonium nitrate AN (technical and fertilizer) in different forms like prills or powder. In some cases, the ammonium nitrate has been mixed with fuel oil while in others, it has been mixed with alu

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19

Ardies, Heddy. "ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS DAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT STRATEGI PERUBAHAN JENIS BAHAN PELEDAK DI PT SEMEN BATURAJA (PERSERO) TBK." Integritas Jurnal Manajemen Profesional (IJMPRO) 2, no. 1 (2021): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35908/ijmpro.v2i1.37.

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On limestone blasting activities besides safety there are two other important factors that must be highly considered, that are productivity and environmental impacts that caused, along with the replacement of the blasting contractor at PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) Tbk and accompanied by the strategy of explosive type change that used from ANFO with electric detonator to DABEX with non electric detonator. So, it is necessary an analysis of productivity and environmental impacts that caused, whether for the better or vice versa. The research method that used is qualitative triangulation research

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20

Wharton, R. K., and H. J. Royle. "Factors that affect the impact sensitiveness of ammonium nitrate - fuel oil (ANFO) explosives containing aluminium." Journal of Energetic Materials 18, no. 2-3 (2000): 177–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07370650008216119.

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21

Figuli, Lucia, Damjan Cekerevac, Chiara Bedon, and Bohuš Leitner. "Numerical Analysis of the Blast Wave Propagation due to Various Explosive Charges." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 5, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8871412.

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Blast events and scenarios, as known, represent extreme phenomena that may result in catastrophic consequences, both for humans and structures. Accordingly, for engineering applications, the reliable description of expected blast waves is a crucial step of the overall design process. Compared to ideal theoretical formulations, however, real explosive events can be strongly sensitive to a multitude of parameters and first of all to the basic features (size, type, shape, etc.) of the charge. In this regard, several advanced computer codes can be used in support of design and research development

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22

Ali, Firoj, Murari Prasad Roy, Braj Mohan Pat Pingua, Rajatendu Mukherjee, Lalit Agarwal, and Pradeep Kumar Singh. "Utilization of Waste Lubricant Oil in Fuel Phase of ANFO Explosives: Its Field Applications and Environmental Impact." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 46, no. 9 (2021): 1397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.202100011.

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23

Suceska, Muhamed, Chan Hay Yee Serene, Zhang Qingling, Mario Dobrilovic, and Barbara Stimac. "Prediction of Cylinder Wall Velocity Profiles for ANFO Explosives Combining Thermochemical Calculation, Gurney Model, and Hydro‐Code." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 46, no. 2 (2021): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.202000215.

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24

Pratidina, Stefanus Jagad Gineung Jagad Gineung, Desy Rachmawati, Latif Muhammad Badra, Nur Fajar, Muhammad Faqih, and Fahri Lundeto. "OPTIMALISASI DISTRIBUSI DAN TINGKAT ENERGI BAHAN PELEDAK DENGAN SISTEM DIFFERENTIAL ENERGY TM (DELTA E)." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (2020): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.83.

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ABSTRAK Kondisi geologi yang heterogen menjadi salah satu tantangan pada operasional penggalian dan pengangkutan dalam proses penambangan. Peledakan konvensional sejak lama dilakukan untuk membantu proses pemberaian batuan, namun paradigma yang sampai sekarang masih umum digunakan yaitu bagaimana memakai energi sebesar-besarnya untuk menghancurkan batuan. Hal ini menjadi kurang efisien karena tidak memperhatikan variasi litologi batuan dan masih berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai macam isu, seperti fragmentasi yang buruk, recovery penggalian rendah, serta biaya peledakan yang tinggi. Pemanfaatan

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25

Frljak, Nandin, Mustafa Sarajlic, and Zuhdija Kesetovic. "Conducting the controlled mass blasting on the Limestone mine Breza, Breza, with use the ANFO explosives 'Rudex - 1"." Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor, no. 2 (2013): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mmeb1302061f.

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26

Sukmara, Teja, Thomas Adi Putra, and Muhammad Surya. "REKAYASA BAHAN PELEDAK PADA STRUKTUR KOMPLEKS DI LITOLOGI LIMESTONE UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PERFORMANCE DALAM UPAYA MENURUNKAN BIAYA PENAMBANGAN." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (2020): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.80.

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ABSTRAK Limestone sebagai bahan utama pembuat semen adalah salah satu batuan sedimenter yang memiliki karakter struktur kompleks, berpori, dan fractury serta kadang dibeberapa tempat membentuk gua atau rongga yang cukup lebar. Sehingga dalam proses pemberaian batuan dengan menggunakan metode peledakan sering menjadi masalah dimana hasil dari fragmen peledakan masih terdapat boulder yang besar atau bahkan tidak bisa digali sama sekali oleh excavator karena adanya loose energy peledakan yang menyebabkan performance tidak optimal. Energetic Material Centre (EMC) di PT. Dahana (Persero) sebagai sa

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27

Giraldo Paredez, Emiliano Mauro. "Formulación óptima de anfo aluminizado para voladuras en minería subterránea." Revista del Instituto de Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Minera, Metalúrgica y Geográfica 23, no. 46 (2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/iigeo.v23i46.19185.

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La perforación y voladura en una operación minera o civil, es esencial, puesto que de ello depende la eficiencia de las operaciones subsiguientes. Sin embargo, las voladuras también tienen efectos negativos, que pueden minimizarse, seleccionando explosivos de acuerdo al tipo de terreno. El explosivo más usado actualmente, es el ANFO, cuya potencia puede regularse, adicionando aluminio en distintos porcentajes en función del tipo de terreno (según la clasificación Bieniawski o Barton). Para materializar este estudio, se hicieron pruebas de voladura en la Mina Condestable, con ANFO aluminizado h

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28

Lefferts, Merel J., Lisa H. Humphreys, Nathalie Mai, et al. "ANFO vapour detection with conducting polymer percolation network sensors and GC/MS." Analyst 146, no. 7 (2021): 2186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an02403a.

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29

Mousavi, A. A. Akbari, Stephen J Burley, S. T. S. Al-Hassani, and W. Byers Brown. "Simulation of Explosive Welding with ANFO Mixtures." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 29, no. 3 (2004): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.200400042.

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30

Nie, Shulin, Junhua Deng, and Algot Persson. "The Dead-Pressing Phenomenon in an ANFO Explosive." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 18, no. 2 (1993): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19930180205.

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31

Donoghue, A. M. "Inhalation of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO)." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 55, no. 2 (1998): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.55.2.144a.

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32

Herrin, Eugene, and Tom Goforth. "Phase analysis of Rayleigh waves from the Shagan River test site in the USSR." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76, no. 6 (1986): 1739–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0760061739.

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Abstract A study was made to determine if significant phase differences exist between Rayleigh waves which have traveled almost identical paths from the USSR Shagan River test site. Surface waves from five explosions recorded at six SRO/ASRO digital stations were used in the analysis. The explosion of 4 August 1979 was selected as a reference, and at each site the phase spectra of the Rayleigh waves from the other five events were compared to that of the reference. The technique of phase-matched filtering was used to analyze the signals. This technique reduces the effects of multipathing and r

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33

Lopes, Luciana Rodrigues Barreto, Vera Lúcia Pereira Soares, Maria Teresa C. Barcellos, and Claudia Regina Elias Mansur. "Desenvolvimento de surfatantes para aplicação na indústria de explosivos." Polímeros 24, no. 4 (2014): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.1270.

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A comercialização dos explosivos emulsionáveis, aí incluída a dinamite de ANFO, acarretou um aumento significativo no consumo mundial de explosivos entre 1960 e 1980, conseqüência da maior segurança no transporte e no preparo dos explosivos na forma de uma emulsão. Os surfatantes utilizados nestas emulsões são ésteres, amidas ou imidas derivadas do poliisobutileno com terminações de anidrido succínico (PIBSA). Neste trabalho, surfatantes derivados da reação do PIBSA com polioxietilenodiaminas foram sintetizados e caracterizados pelas técnicas de espectrometria no infravermelho e de cromatograf

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34

Kozyrev, S. A., E. A. Vlasova, A. V. Sokolov, and E. A. Usachev. "Assessment of the efficiency of the explosion of the simple explosive mixtures with energy additives." Herald of Kola Science Centre of the RAS 12, no. 4/2020 (2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5228.2020.12.4.005.

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On the basis of experimental studies in the field and on polygon, the features of the detonation of mixed explosive charges on various types of ammonium nitrate with energy additives during pneumatic load-ing are revealed. It has been established that when using porous grades of nitrate, the addition of alu-minum powders differently dispersed leads to a decrease in detonation parameters due to the peculiari-ties of aluminum oxidation at the front of the detonation wave and does not provide the theoretically expected increase in the energy of the explosion. The use of high-quality fine-grained

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35

Miyake, Atsumi, Yuji Ohtagaki, Takayuki Abe, Yuji Wada, Yoshio Nakayama, and Terushige Ogawa. "Experimental Determination of the Detonation Front Curvature of Non-Ideal Explosive ANFO." Materials Science Forum 465-466 (September 2004): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.465-466.181.

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36

Sostrand, P. "Inhalation of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO): and possible concomitant exposure." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 55, no. 9 (1998): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.55.9.647a.

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37

Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Jose. "Tracking the origin of fuel oil and petrol in explosive mixtures of ANFO." Annals of Medicine 51, sup1 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2018.1560070.

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38

Gaston, D. "New generation of explosives: the emulsions and heavy ANFOs (In French)." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 27, no. 2 (1990): A99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(90)95145-q.

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39

Sung, Tae-myung, and Ju-ik Cho. "Review of Efficient Analysis of the Diesel Components of ANFO Explosive from Soil Samples." Korean Academy of Scientific Criminal Investigation 14, no. 3 (2020): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20297/jsci.2020.14.3.182.

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40

Zhang, Z. L., and M. B. Liu. "Numerical studies on explosive welding with ANFO by using a density adaptive SPH method." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 41 (May 2019): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.03.039.

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41

Vasilescu, Gabriel, Robert Laszlo, Attila Kovacs, et al. "Evaluation of the explosion risk specific to the preparation and storage activity of the simple explosive mixture type ANFO." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134310001.

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The paper presents the results of the theoretical and practical research regarding the evaluation of the explosion risk specific to the activity of preparation/storage activity of the ANFO type explosive mixture, based on the identification and systematic analysis of the potential dangers that can generate explosion events, in order to establish and substantiate the possible accidents main scenarios, as well as reference scenarios. From a structural point of view, each accident scenario, defined at the level of the industrial site analyzed, is configured procedurally in synthetic form, compris

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Hernandes, Vinicius Veri, Marcos Fernado Franco, Jandyson Machado Santos, et al. "Characterization of ANFO explosive by high accuracy ESI(±)–FTMS with forensic identification on real samples by EASI(−)–MS." Forensic Science International 249 (April 2015): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.01.006.

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Alba-Baena, Noé G., Lawrence E. Murr, Alejandro Loya-Puga, and Wayne Salas. "Use of WEDM in the Characterization Process of Al/2-Phase Systems Consolidated by Multilayer Cylindrical Dynamic Compaction Method." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1541.

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The aim of this paper is to present an exploratory process to characterize fabricated 2-phase aluminum metal-matrix systems (2-phase systems) by using a dynamic consolidation technique, with an arrangement of multilayer mixings in steel cylinders. Aluminum powder (~150mm) was mechanically mixed with different fractions of multi-wall carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs, 2 and 5 percent), with ~30 nm and ~30 μm diameter SiC and Al 2 O 3 powders (in volume fractions of 2, 4, and 21 percent), then, were green compacted uniaxially to ~80 % density, to be finally explosively consolidated with ammonium nitrate

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Dubroca, Thierry, and Rolf E. Hummel. "Detection of Explosives by Hyper-Spectral Differential Reflectometry." MRS Proceedings 1405 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.225.

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ABSTRACTIn the wake of the recent terrorist attacks, such as the 2008 Mumbai hotel explosion or the December 25th 2009 “underwear bomber”, our group has developed a technique (US patent #7368292) to apply differential reflective spectroscopy to the problem of detecting explosives in order to detect terrorist threats. Briefly, light (200-500 nm) is shone on a surface such as a piece of luggage at an airport or a parcel at a courier distribution center. Upon reflection, the light is collected with a spectrometer combined with a camera. A computer processes the data and produces in turn a differe

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"97/00274 Waste product in distillation for glycol product in ANFO explosives as replacement for fuel oils." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 38, no. 1 (1997): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(97)80056-2.

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Grisaro, Hezi Y., Idan E. Edri, and Samuel E. Rigby. "TNT equivalency analysis of specific impulse distribution from close-in detonations." International Journal of Protective Structures, November 12, 2020, 204141962097242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419620972423.

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Detonation of a high explosive close to a structural component results in a blast load that is highly localized and nonuninform in nature. Prediction of structural response and damage due to such loads requires a detailed understanding of both the magnitude and distribution of the load, which in turn are a function of the properties and dimensions of the structure, the standoff from the charge to the structure, and the composition of the explosive. It is common to express an explosive as an equivalent mass of TNT to facilitate the use of existing and well-established semi-empirical methods. Th

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Štimac, Barbara, Vinko Škrlec, Mario Dobrilović, and Muhamed Sućeska. "Numerical modelling of non-ideal detonation in ANFO explosives applying Wood-Kirkwood theory coupled with EXPLO5 thermochemical code." Defence Technology, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2020.09.014.

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Biegańska, Jolanta, Krzysztof Barański, and Ganbold Tumen-Ulzii. "Wpływ dodatku tworzyw sztucznych na skład produktów gazowych powstałych po detonacji materiału wybuchowego typu ANFO." Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne / High Energy Materials, December 14, 2018, 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22211/matwys/0164.

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The results of the analysis of thermodynamic ANFO explosive material modified with the addition of plastics, is presented. The analysis was made in the ZMWCyw computer program. Changes in the content of the resulting gaseous products depending on the percentage of the selected polymer are presented. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of primary gaseous products resulting from the detonation of modified ANFO compositions was performed.

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Choi, Ji-Hun, Seung-Jai Choi, Tae-Hee Lee, Dal-Hun Yang, and Jang-Ho Jay Kim. "Evaluation of internal blast resistance of bi-directionally prestressed concrete tubular structure according to ANFO explosive charge weight." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, August 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2019-0672.

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When extreme loading from an internal is applied to prestressed concrete (PSC) structures, serious property damage and human casualties may occur. However, existing designs for PSC structures such as prestressed concrete containment vessels (PCCV) do not include features to protect the structure from the blasts. Therefore, the internal blast resistance capacity of PSC structures is evaluated by internal blast tests on bi-directional PSC tubular members. The goal of the study was to obtain the structural behavior data from an internal detonation. The ANFO charges were detonated at the center of

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Dussán, Jenny. "Degradation of Diesel, a Component of the Explosive ANFO, By Bacteria Selected From an Open Cast Coal Mine in La Guajira, Colombia." Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques 02, no. 04 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9821.1000126.

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