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Acharya, Anand, Bhushan Bhattarai, Diana George, and Tarakant Bhagat. "Pattern of Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients in South-Eastern Region of Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 7, no. 1 (2017): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18893.
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Introduction: Occlusal traits in orthodontic patients have been studied in different parts of Nepal. However, very few data are available on malocclusion in south-eastern region of Nepal.Objective: To assess the pattern of malocclusion occurring in orthodontic patients in south-eastern region of Nepal, and to estimate the age of presentation of Class II malocclusion among the patients.Materials & Method: Data were collected from 150 pre-treatment study models and lateral cephalograms from two orthodontic specialty clinics in Biratnagar. Angle’s classification system was used to determine dental malocclusion and ANB angle was used to determine skeletal malocclusion. Chi square test was used to test the association between dental and skeleton malocclusions.Result: Angle’s Class I malocclusion was found in 95(63.33%), Class II Div 1 in 41(27.33%), Class II Div 2 in 13(8.66%) and Class III in 1(0.66%). Among all subjects; 119 (79.33%) had skeletal Class I, 24(16%) had skeletal Class II and 7(4.66%) had skeletal Class III. There was significant association between dental and skeletal malocclusions. The average age for reporting Class II Div 1 malocclusion was 16.5 years and Class II Div 2 malocclusion was 19 years.Conclusion: Angle’s Class I is the most common malocclusion followed by Class II and Class III among orthodontic patients in south-eastern Nepal. The subjects lack awareness on age factor for orthodontic treatment.
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Giri, Nidhi, Anand Acharya, and Rajkumar Jha. "Pattern of Malocclusion in Patients undergoing Orthodontic Treatment at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 5, no. 1 (2021): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v5i1.38179.
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Introduction: Malocclusion can cause dental caries, periodontal disease and aesthetic problems. Malocclusion is most common dentofacial abnormality found in human population. However, the awareness for orthodontic treatment is increasing.
 Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate pattern of malocclusion in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital of Biratnagar, Nepal.
 Methods: Two hundred and eighty preoperative study casts (2018 Jun to 2020 Jun) of orthodontic patients aged from 12-55 years were selected from 680 patient’s records of department of orthodontics of Nobel medical college teaching hospital, Biratnagar. Standard protocol of Angle’s classification of malocclusion was used to classify malocclusion and its traits were recorded. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and descriptive statistics were calculated.
 Results: The prevalence of malocclusion were 59.65% (167) of Angle’s class I, 35.71% (100) of Angle’s class II and 4.64% (13) of Angle’s class III malocclusion. Among various attributes of malocclusion, deep bite was the most common trait (188, 67.14%). Increased overjet was found in 169 (60.35%) subjects. Crowding and spacing were found in 164 (58.57%), and 109 (38.92%) respectively.
 Conclusion: Angle’s class I malocclusion is most prevalent malocclusion seen followed by Angle’s class II and Angle’s class III.
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Ling, Pei C., Ria N. Firman, and Farina Pramanik. "A descriptive study of bone density based on angle’s malocclusion classification on female patients aged 13–30 years old on panoramic radiograph." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 2, no. 2 (2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v2i2.523.
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Objective: This study was performed to determine the bone density based on angle’s malocclusion classification on female patients aged 13–30 years old using panoramic radiograph.Material and Methods: Ninety digital panoramic radiographs of female patients aged 13–30 years old and with 30 radiographs representing each of the angle’s malocclusion classes (class I, class II, class III) were used. The bone density was measured by using ImageJ software with 20 x 20 pixels intensity by using a method based on the mental index (MI).Results: The mean bone density of female patients aged 13–30 years old with angle’s malocclusion of class I was 18.726% of cortical and 81.274% of marrow, class II was 16.804% of cortical and 83.196% of marrow, and class III was 15.911% of cortical and 84.089% of marrow.Conclusion: The bone density of female patients aged 13–30 years old with angle’s class I malocclusion was higher than class II and class II malocclusion had higher bone density than class III on panoramic radiograph.
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Prabhat, K. C., Sanjeev Kumar Verma, Sandhya Maheshwari, Ibne Ahmad, and Mohd Tariq. "Computed Tomography Evaluation of Craniomandibular Articulation in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion and Class I Normal Occlusion Subjects in North Indian Population." ISRN Dentistry 2012 (August 16, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/312031.
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Objective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Craniomandibular articulation morphology and position of condyle in mandibular fossae in Angle’s class I normal occlusion and Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods. The present study was conducted on 40 subjects with 20 subjects in each group, and the computed tomography images were obtained using spiral computed tomography technique. Each measurement was compared by two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) while changes in anterior and posterior joint spaces were done by paired t-test. Results. Statistically significant anterior positioning of condyle was observed in class I normal malocclusion, and it was significant only on right side in class II division 1 malocclusion. Conclusions. There was no difference found in the condylar process and joint morphology between right and left sides of both Angle’s Class I normal occlusion and Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion. Evaluation of the position of the condyles in their respective mandibular fossae showed concentric position with a tendency towards anterior positioning for both right and left sides of the subjects with Angle’s Class I normal occlusion as well as subjects with Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion.
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Pandey, Bashu Raj, Shailendra Kumar Singh, Rajan Singh, Rajeev Mishra, Srijana Mishra, and Bimala Ghart. "Pattern of Malocclusion in Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment at Medical Colleges & Teaching Hospitals of Chitwan, Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 8, no. 2 (2018): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v8i2.23069.
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Introduction: Various forms of malocclusion is most common dentofacial abnormality found in human population. People seek tteatment for such abnormalities based on the severity. The objective of this research is to evaluate Pattern of Malocclusion in Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment at Medical Colleges and Teaching Hospitals of Chitwan, Nepal.
 Materials & Method: Two hundred thirty nine pre-operative study casts of orthodontic patients aged from 12-50 years selected from 550 patient’s records of departments of orthodontics of Chitwan Medical Colleges and Colleges of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur of Chitwan. Standard protocol of Angle’s classification of malocclusion was used to classify malocclusion and its attributes were recorded. Pearson’s Chi square test was performed to justify the result.
 Result: The prevalence of malocclusion were 61.92% , 33.47% and 4.60% for Angle’s class I, Angle’s class II and Angle’s class III malocclusion respectively. Among various attributes of malocclusion, deep bite had highest frequency with 67.36% followed by overjet 58.99%, crowding 53.13% and spacing 35.98%, Anterior cross bite 11.71% reverse overjet 4.6%, posterior cross bite 1.2% and scissor bite 0.041%. Pearson Chi square test showed no relation among these attributes and sex and age at p < .05.
 Conclusion: Angle’s class I malocclusion is most prevalent followed by Angle’s class II and Angle’s class III.
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Aisy, Aulia Rohadatul, Avi Laviana, and Gita Gayatri. "Facial height proportion based on Angle’s malocclusion in Deutero-Malayids." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54, no. 2 (2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i2.p96-101.
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Background: Facial aesthetics are closely related to the harmonious proportions of the facial components. One of the components is facial height. The reference of facial height proportion of certain racial groups needs to be known by orthodontists and surgeons to create treatment outcomes that can be specifically designed for these particular demographics. One of the factors that can affect facial height proportion is malocclusion. Purpose: This study aimed to determine facial height proportion based on Angle’s classification of malocclusion in Deutero-Malayids. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional method, which was conducted on 116 Deutero-Malayid subjects. The subjects’ malocclusion was first examined using Angle’s classification of malocclusion. Upper and lower facial height were then measured to determine the proportion of these dimensions. The results were then grouped based on each malocclusion class. Results: It was found that the upper and lower facial height proportions in the class I malocclusion group were 46.74% and 53.26% in males and 47.52% and 52.48% in females, respectively. The upper and lower facial height proportions in the class II malocclusion group were 48.46% and 51.54% in females. Upper and lower facial height proportions in the class III malocclusion group were 45.31% and 54.69% in males and 46.29% and 53.71% in females, respectively. Conclusion: The largest proportion of upper facial height in Deutero-Malayids was seen in the class II malocclusion group, followed by class I and class III. The largest proportion of lower facial height in Deutero-Malayids was seen in the class III malocclusion group, followed by class I and class II.
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Da Silva, Regiane Almeida, Renato Morales Jóias, Erika Josgrilberg, Sigmar De Mello Rode, Luiz Renato Paranhos, and Renata Pilli Joias. "The correlation between malocclusions and morphofunctional aspects: analysis of patients aged from 7 to 12 years old." Brazilian Dental Science 19, no. 4 (2016): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2016.v19i4.1304.
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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To classify the malocclusions and their occlusal and morphofunctional aspects in order to establish possible correlations. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: The present observational and analytical study was performed within 432 dental records of patients. The patients were aged between 7 and 12 years old (228 males and 204 females) from an Educational Institute in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data regarding the malocclusions and the related associations underwent parametric statistical tests for quantitative and qualitative analysis (ANOVA, Tukey test and Chi-square) considering the significance level at 5%. <strong>Results:</strong> Most of the patients had permanent dentition (58.6%), followed by mixed dentition. Angle’s Class II malocclusion was the most prevalent (67.2%), followed by Class I and III. Overbite and anterior open bite represented, respectively, 47% and 7.2% of the vertical discrepancies. The average overbite was 3.08mm, while the average overjet was 4.67mm. Approximately 43,1% of the sample presented moth breathing. Atypical swallowing reached 78.7% of the patients. Statistically significant correlations were observed associating Angle’s Class III malocclusion with anterior cross bite and bilateral posterior cross bite; as well as between Angle’s Class II with overbite, and Angle’s Class I with overbite and atypical swallowing. A correlation was observed between atypical swallowing; the use of pacifiers; and predominant mouth breathing (p&lt;0.001). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> An important correlation was found between the type of malocclusions and the morphofunctional aspects of occlusion in patients aged from 7 to 12 years old, indicating the need for immediate intervention once the diagnosis is established.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Applications of epidemiology, Malocclusion, Child.</p>
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Baral, Prakash. "Prevalence of Malocclusion in Western Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 5, no. 2 (2015): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v5i2.15215.
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Introduction: Malocclusion is the improper relationship of maxillary and mandibular teeth. The prevalence of malocclusion varies in different populations of the world.Objective: To study the prevalence of malocclusion in western part of Nepal and to evaluate the gender variation in occurrence of malocclusion.Materials & Method: A total of 1284 subjects were studied. Out of them 656 were male and 628 were female. Intra-oral examination was carried out to assess occlusal types of Class I, II, III according to Angle’s classification of malocclusion, and various occlusal characteristics like crowding, spacing, cross-bite, open-bite and deep bite were recorded. Gender variation in malocclusion characteristics were tested using chi-square test (p<0.05).Result: The present study showed that Class I occlusion type with malocclusion was more prevalent than Class II and Class III malocclusions. Class I was seen in 71.5% , Class II div 1 in 20.7%, Class II div 2 in 3.9% cases and Class III in 4.1% cases. Among the occlusal characteristics; crowding (61.3%), deep bite (29.5%) and spacing (10.5%) were most prevalent.Conclusion: Class I malocclusion was most prevalent type of malocclusion in western Nepalese subjects. There was no significant gender dimorphism between male and female in prevalence of various malocclusion characteristics.
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K Singh, Kaushal, Binita Singh, and Rajiv Yadav. "Pattern of Malocclusion among Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment at Hospitals and Private Clinics of Province 2, Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 10, no. 3 (2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35491.
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Introduction: Malocclusion affect the esthetic, function of the patients, so they seek orthodontic treatment for normal function and healthy and beautiful smile. Increase in public awareness and availability of orthodontic specialty services have led to increasing number of orthodontic patients in specialty clinics and hospitals. The objective of this study is to examine the pattern of malocclusion in the patients visiting medical and dental teaching hospitals and dental clinics and to measure the different Angle’s classification of malocclusion with discrepancies in all three planes.
 Materials and Method: Three hundred seventeen acceptable study casts were selected from 403 case records of orthodontic patients who visited the different hospitals and private clinics of Province 2, Nepal. A standard guidance of Angle’s classification was used to classify the cases and casts were measured to record the data. Different Angle’s classification of malocclusion with discrepancies in all three planes was studied. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and SD) and inferential statistics (chi square and fisher exact test) was used to find out the association between occlusal traits and demographic variables.
 Result: According to the Angle’s classification of malocclusion, most of the patient’s cast 65.9% were of class I, followed by class II 31.8%, class III 5.3% occlusion pattern. Among the class II malocclusion, class II division 1 malocclusion was more prevalent (86.13%). Under space discrepancies, crowding of teeth was present in 42.58% of patient. Of the total teeth crowding patient, 70.3% had crowding of teeth in both the arches followed by only mandibular arch (25.18%). There is statistically significant association between the age and the occlusal traits like crowding (p value 0.008), spacing (p value 0.000) and overjet (p value 0.000) at 0.01 level of significance.
 Conclusion: Angle’s class I was the most prevalent malocclusion followed by class II and class III. Increased overjet was the commonest occlusal trait. There was statistically significant association between the age and occlusal traits like crowding, spacing and overjet.
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Fatima, Farheen, Mubassar Fida, and Attiya Shaikh. "The association between palatal rugae pattern and dental malocclusion." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 24, no. 1 (2019): 037e1–037e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.24.1.37.e1-9.onl.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Palatal rugae complete its development during early intrauterine life, whereas dental malocclusions in permanent dentition establishes several years into the post-natal life. Objective: The objective of present study was to determine if there is an association between the palatal rugae pattern and Angle’s classes of malocclusion. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pretreatment dental casts of 184 patients. The sample was divided into the following groups: Class I, Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III. The number of palatal rugae was recorded, bilaterally. The length, pattern and orientation of three anterior-most primary rugae on both sides were recorded. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 17.8 ± 5.4 years. The mean number of the palatal rugae was 11.18 ± 2.5, with significant differences among different malocclusion groups. The length of the first rugae on left side and third rugae on both sides varied significantly among the groups (p< 0.05). Similarly, the pattern of palatal rugae was also found to be significantly different among the malocclusion groups. The right sided rugae did not have any significant difference in the orientation in different malocclusion groups; however, the left sided rugae showed significant differences among the four malocclusion groups (p< 0.001). Conclusions: The current study showed subtle differences in the palatal rugae pattern among the Angle’s classes of malocclusion. Similarly, the length and orientation of some rugae were also found to be significantly different between malocclusion groups.
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Karki, Saujanya, Umesh Parajuli, Nischal Kunwar, Kunsang Namgyal, and Khamsum Wangdu. "Distribution of Malocclusion and Occlusal Traits among Tibetan Adolescents residing in Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 4, no. 2 (2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v4i2.13895.
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Introduction: Malocclusion is the irregularity of teeth and is considered as oral health problem. Though etiology of malocclusion is multifactorial, it has considerable impact on the self esteem and social adjustment of an individual.Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess the association between Angle classification of malocclusion and occlusal traits.Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 138 Tibetan students of grade 8-12 were selected. Students with history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Data was recorded and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and chi square test was used to evaluate the association between Angle classification of malocclusion and occlusal traits.Result: The prevalence of malocclusion was found to be Angle’s Class I (52.90%), Angle’s Class II (5.10%) and Angle’s Class III (9.40%). Occlusal traits such as overbite, increased overjet, openbite, crossbite, displacement and hypodontia was found to be 5.79%, 10.8%, 10.86%, 9.42%, 50,72% and 4.34% respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion among Tibetan adolescent was found to be higher. Hence, oral health awareness, preventive procedures and promotional programs need to be more emphasized.
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Halwai, Hemant Kumar, and Vanita Gautam. "Distribution of Malocclusion Traits among Orthodontic Patients in a Tertiary Care Center of Western Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 7, no. 1 (2017): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18894.
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Objectives: To determine the pattern of distribution of dental malocclusion in a sample of Nepalese orthodontic patients in Western Nepal.Materials & Method: A sample consisted of 200 study casts of patient who visited Department of Orthodontics, UCMS, Bhairahawa who had never undergone orthodontic treatment previously. The total sample size was divided into male and female groups, age was divided into 3 groups: 8-11 years, 12-17 years, and 18-36 years. All data was recorded and analyzed with SPSS software version 22.Result: Among the total 200 casts examined; the distribution of malocclusion according to Angle’s classification was: Class I malocclusion in 101(50.5%), Class II malocclusion in 90(45%) sample and Class III in 9(4.5%) samples.Conclusion: Angle’s Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent malocclusion among orthodontic patients visiting UCMS College of Dental Surgery.
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Giri, Nidhi, Anand Acharya, and Kanika Yadav. "Prevalence of Malocclusion among School Children of Biratnagar, Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 11, no. 1 (2021): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v11i1.39086.
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Introduction: Various forms of malocclusion are a matter of serious concern in Nepalese population. This study was carried out to understand the prevalence of malocclusion among the school children of Biratnagar. The objective of this research is to find out the prevalence of malocclusion of children from different schools of Biratnagar visiting the Pedodontics and Orthodontics department of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross sectional study method was used in this research. Data was collected by using direct observation of the subjects and occlusal assessment was done according to Angle’s classification and Dewey’s modification types of class I, class II and class III malocclusion. Result: Subjects with normal occlusion was found to be 39 % and with malocclusion was found to be 61%. Among them, class I malocclusion (60%) and angles class II div I subjects (88.33%) were in majority of the total study population. Conclusion: The present study helps to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and need of orthodontic treatment for the school children of Biratnagar
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KHAN, RANA MODASSIR SHAMSHER, and ALI SAAD TARIQ. "ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 04 (2011): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.04.2648.
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Objectives: To find out the prevalence of malocclusion in patients visiting orthodontic department of Lahore medical and dental college (LMDC). Study Design: It is a cross sectional study. Place of study: Orthodontic department, Lahore medical and dental College. Lahore. Material and methods: Malocclusion was clinically examined by using Angle’s classification in 1143 patients (708 girls and 435 boys). Results: Class I malocclusion was found in 23.27% of the total sample. Class II malocclusion was found in 53.19% and Class III malocclusion in 8.66% of sample. No statistically significant differences were found in distribution of malocclusion between males and females. Conclusions: The study revealed that Class II malocclusion predominated among patients visiting orthodontic department of LMDC.
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Pérez-Belloso, Ana Juana, Manuel Coheña-Jiménez, Maria Eugenia Cabrera-Domínguez, Antonio Francisco Galan-González, Antonia Domínguez-Reyes, and Manuel Pabón-Carrasco. "Influence of Dental Malocclusion on Body Posture and Foot Posture in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040485.
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The number of studies that investigate the correlations between the temporomandibular system and body posture, postural control, or the distribution of plantar pressure has recently been increasing. However, most of the existing information is not conclusive. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate if the features of dental malocclusion are correlated with body posture alterations at the lower limb level. This is a multicentre cross-sectional study with 289 children (8–14 years). Angle’s molar relation was analysed at the dental level. The postural control and the plantar pressure distribution were recorded via a force platform. Correlation and inferential analysis between the Angle class and the foot’s biomechanics were tested. The centre of gravity is anteriorised in Angle’s Class II in both the molar class (p ≤ 0.001) and the canine class (p ≤ 0.001). Likewise, a relationship was observed between the contact surface and Angle’s classes, being higher in class III than in II (p ≤ 0.001). The plantigrade phase is shortened in Angle’s Class III. A relationship was found between Angle’s Class II and a forward movement of the centre of gravity. No relationship was found between the Foot Posture Index and the truncated scaphoid height and the dental classification. An evident relationship between the gait typology and dental malocclusion was not found.
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Siregar, Yona Pricilia Anggi, C. Christnawati, and Darmawan Soetantyo. "Malocclusion with posterior unilateral crossbite affects superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscle activity during mastication." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54, no. 3 (2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i3.p143-149.
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Background: Mastication patterns due to malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite may permanently change. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effect of malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite of the superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscles on the crossbite and non-crossbite sides during mastication. Methods: Thirty subjects (8 males and 22 females) between the ages of 17 and 30 years who were students of the 2017–2019 Dentistry and Dental Hygiene Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, UGM and who had at least two posterior teeth with unilateral posterior crossbite were divided into 10 subjects with Angle’s class I, 10 subjects with class II and 10 subjects with class III malocclusions. The amplitude of the superficial masseter and temporal anterior muscles was performed during mastication using surface electromyography (sEMG). The mean difference between the groups of malocclusion on the crossbite and non-crossbite sides of the superficial masseter and temporal anterior was analysed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results indicated a difference in amplitude mean between the malocclusion types on the crossbite sides and non-crossbite sides of the superficial masseter and temporal anterior muscles (p<0.05). This study confirmed there was a decrease in superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscle activity on the crossbite side rather than in the non-crossbite side in Angle’s class I and class II. However, there was an increase in activity of the superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscles on the crossbite side for class III. Conclusion: Malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite affects masticatory activity of the superficial masseter and temporal anterior muscles on the crossbite side.
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Rubby, Md Golam, Nihar Sultana, Fatema Jannath, and Gazi Shamim Hassan. "Assessment of malocclusion pattern in Bangladeshi Population." Update Dental College Journal 10, no. 2 (2020): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v10i2.50175.
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Background: Malocclusion is one of the most common dental problems together with dental caries, gingival disease, dental fluorosis which varies in different part of the world among different populations. The aim of this study was to assess the malocclusion pattern in Bangladeshi population to provide quantitative information regarding the pattern of dentofacial characteristics.
 Methods : This cross sectional study was carried out with the orthodontic records of 256 patients who attended and treated in the Department of Orthodontics ,Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital , Dhaka. Malocclusion pattern mainly assessed by Angle’s classification system; along with incisor classification system other variables like overjet, overbite, cross bite ,crowding, spacing and median diastema were recorded. Finally data were analyzed by using SPSS software (Version 21).
 Results : The study result showed out of 256 orthodontic patients majority (68.7%) were female, in Angle’s classification Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent (55.5%) type of malocclusion followed by Class II (38.3%) and Class III (6.3%). The most prevalent malocclusion trait found crowding (67.7%), followed by increase overjet (65.6%), increase overbite or deep bite (50.4%); the least prevalent malocclusion trait found scissor bite (1.2%) followed by posterior cross bite (5.1%) and median diastema (12.5%). Statistical significant relationship observed in the distribution of malocclusion by Angle’s classification with sex ( as p value < .05).
 Conclusion: This hospital based study concludes that in Angle’s classification system: Class I malocclusion was prevalent along with the malocclusion trait crowding, which actually gives a general idea about the malocclusion pattern in Bangladeshi population.
 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2020; 10 (2): 14-17
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Rădulescu, Sergiu-Alexandru, Andreea Paula Rădulescu, Florina Trîmbiţaş, and Ecaterina Ionescu. "Study of occlusion in patients with Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 2 (2015): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.2.9.
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Objective. In this study we tried to notice the differences in the number and type of occlusal contacts present in patients with Angle Class I and Class-II malocclusions. Materials and methods. For this study were examined 30 patients with Angle Class I and Class-II malocclusions. Identification of the number and type of occlusal contacts was made both clinically and with the help of study casts mounted in an semiadjustable articulator. Results and discussion. In the Angle Class I malocclusion average total number of occlusal contacts was 36.93 and in Angle Class-II malocclusion was 31.46 contacts. Most occlusal contacts identified were side cusp – side fossa type. Following statistical analysis we did not fi nd significant differences between the two classes of malocclusions, in terms of total number of occlusal contacts. Conclusions. The total number of occlusal contacts does not differ depending on the malocclusion class, but there are differences between the number of contacts occurring within certain groups of posterior teeth. In order to have findings with practical application it is necessary to carry out more studies on the type and number of occlusal contacts that may occur in individuals with malocclusions.
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Mulimani, Priti Subhash, Myra Innessa Binti Azmi, Nabilah Rashida Jamali, Nur Najaa Binti Md Basir, and Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe. "Bolton’s Tooth Size Discrepancy in Malaysian Orthodontic Patients: Are Occlusal Characteristics Such as Overjet, Overbite, Midline, and Crowding Related to Tooth Size Discrepancy in Specific Malocclusions and Ethnicities?" APOS Trends in Orthodontics 8 (March 1, 2018): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/apos.apos_104_17.
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Introduction Tooth size, occlusal traits, and ethnicity are closely interrelated, and their impact on desirable orthodontic treatment outcome cannot be underestimated. This study was undertaken to assess the occlusal characteristics and ethnic variations in occlusion of Malaysian orthodontic patients and evaluate their correlation with Bolton’s tooth size discrepancy. Materials and Methods On 112 pretreatment study models of orthodontic patients, molar relationship, overjet, overbite, spacing, crowding, midline shift, and Bolton’s ratios were assessed. ANOVA, one-sample t-test, Chi-squared test, and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results Significant difference between anterior ratio of our study and Bolton’s ideal values was found, for the entire study sample and Chinese ethnic group. Differences between races and malocclusion groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Significant correlations were found as follows – in Angle’s Class I malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overbite, 2) overall ratio and maxillary crowding and spacing; in Angle’s Class II malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and overjet and midline shift, 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding; in Angle’s Class III malocclusion between 1) anterior ratio and mandibular crowding and both maxillary and mandibular spacing 2) overall ratio and mandibular crowding. Conclusions Significant differences in anterior ratio and Bolton’s ideal values for the Malaysian population were found, indicating variations in anterior tooth size as compared to Caucasians. Statistically significant correlations existed between Bolton’s ratios and occlusal traits. These findings can be applied clinically in diagnosis and treatment planning by keeping in mind the specific discrepancies that can occur in certain malocclusions and addressing them accordingly.
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Rădulescu, Sergiu-Alexandru, and Ecaterina Ionescu. "Statistical study regarding the identification of premature occlusal contacts in patients with Angle class I and class II malocclusions." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 63, no. 2 (2017): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2017.2.5.
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Objective. In this study we tried to identify the premature occlusal contacts that are present in patients with Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions. Materials and method. For this study 60 patients with Angle Class I and Class II malocclusions were examined. Identification of premature occlusal contacts was made both clinically and with the help of study casts mounted in an adjustable articulator. Results and discussion. Based on the statistical analysis made in this study we noticed that for patients with Angle Class I malocclusion, premature occlusal contacts from protrusion on the working side are more common, they are present in 15 patients, than to those with Angle Class II malocclusion where they were identified in 13 patients. In right laterotrusive edge to edge position we noticed that there are premature occlusal contacts on the working side in 43.3% of patients with Angle Class I malocclusion, and 50% of patients with Angle Class II malocclusion. Conclusions. In protrusive and laterotrusive edge to edge position there are premature occlusal contacts both at Angle Class I malocclusion, and in Angle Class II malocclusion patients. For practical conclusions, it is necessary to carry out more studies on the identification of occlusal premature contacts, which may occur in people with malocclusion.
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Parajuli, Umesh, Sapna Laxmi Tuladhar, Manish Bajracharya, and Manju Pandey. "Prevalence of Malocclusion and Evaluation of Orthodontic Treatment Need amongst Patients in Pokhara, Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 8, no. 1 (2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v8i1.21335.
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Introduction: Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need varies according to different region based on ethnic diversity.Objective: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need amongst patients visiting College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal.Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study based on WHO-Oral Health Survey Basic Methods using Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe and mouth mirror was conducted. The malocclusion based on Angle’s classification, overjet, overbite, open bite, crowding, spacing and cross bites were recorded. Dental Health Components (DHC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was recorded. The frequency distribution was calculated and chi square test was used to assess the gender difference.Result: The prevalence of normal occlusion was 5.8%, Angle’s Class I malocclusion was 67.9%, Class II was 19.5% and Class III was 6.8%. Crowding (51.07%) was more common malocclusion trait than spacing (24.46%). There were no significant differences in distribution of various occlusal traits between male and female subjects. Orthodontic treatment need based on DHC showed: 19.40% were in definite/extreme need of treatment (Grade 4/5), 21.93% had borderline need (Grade 3) and 58.67% had no/ little need of treatment (Grade 1/2).Conclusion: Angle’s Class I was the most common malocclusion trait (67.9%) followed by anterior crowding (51.07%). 19.40% patients visiting the teaching hospital in Pokhara are in definite or extreme need of orthodontic treatment
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Almeida, Marcio da Costa, Paula Cotrin, Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli, et al. "Comparison of the population occlusal characteristics in 3 Brazilian regions." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (2020): e1839108586. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8586.
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The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of individual traits of malocclusion in a sample of three Brazilian regions orthodontic patients and to detect interregional population differences in the prevalence of certain occlusal characteristics. The present study was based on the examination of dental casts, intraoral photographs and panoramic radiographs of 947 orthodontic patients from 3 cities: 363 from Fortaleza (CE), 270 from Maringá (PR) and 314 from Bauru (SP), respectively, representing the Northeast, South and Southeast Brazilian regions. The relationship of the first maxillary and mandibular molars according to Angle’s classification, overjet, overbite, crowding, posterior crossbite and maxillary median diastema were examined. The chi-square and ANOVA tests were used to determine potential differences in the distribution of malocclusion when stratified Brazilian regions. Class I malocclusion was found in 499 (52.69%), Class II in 395 (41.71%) and Class III malocclusion in 53 (5,59%) subjects of all examined. Deep overbite (3.59%), midline diastemas (5.17%) and posterior crossbite (4.75%) were observed more frequently in Bauru; however, in Maringá, normal overbite (13.3%) and open bite (4.75%) were more prevalent. The results of this study showed that Class I malocclusion was the most prevalent, followed by Class II and Class III malocclusions. These occlusal relationships evaluated in the three Brazilian regions follow the same pattern of frequency as the result presented by the general population of the sample.
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Shetty, Prathyaksha, Dipjyothi Baruah, Amit Rekhawat, et al. "A combined Surgical-Orthodontic treatment in skeletal Class II malocclusion patients." Journal of Dental Panacea 3, no. 2 (2021): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdp.2021.018.
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Skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiency is one of the most common problems that patients seek treatment. Adult patients with severe skeletal Class II malocclusion need orthognathic surgery for successful treatment. Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is the most often preferred technique for these patients. This case report briefs about two male patient of age 24 years presented with Class II Skeletal relation, mesoprosopic facial form, horizontal growth pattern and Angle’s Class II div 1 malocclusion who were treated with Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) mandibular advancement. The ideal anteroposterior relation was established along with a Class I molar, incisor, canine relationship and ideal overjet, overbite and the overall facial esthetics were significantly improved. Combined surgical-orthodontic treatment aims to obtain a more harmonious facial, skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationship with an added patient self esteem.
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Menezes, Laís de Fátima, Alípio Miguel da Rocha Neto, Clarissa Evelyn Bandeira Paulino, José Rodrigues Laureano Filho, and Luciana Moraes Studart-Pereira. "Tongue pressure and endurance in patients with Class II and Class III malocclusion." Revista CEFAC 20, no. 2 (2018): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216201820210917.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate pressure and endurance exerted by the tongue and their association with malocclusion, gender and age in orthognathic surgery candidates. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study, performed with 34 subjects, i.e., 18 women and 16 men, in the average age 28.7 years, sorted by Angle’s classification. Self-reported complaint of tongue mobility and stomatognathic functions was assessed and the evaluation of tongue mobility carried out. Tongue pressure and endurance were measured with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). The data were analyzed descriptively and, for inferential analysis, the Pearson Chi-Square test was used. A 5% significance level was considered. Results: the assessed pressure and tongue endurance values of patients with malocclusion were lower than the reference ones, indicating a statistical significance in class II female patients. There was an association between inadequate pressure and tongue endurance in women with class II malocclusion. Pressure and tongue endurance in females were slightly higher than in males and a gradual decrease in averages of pressure and tongue endurance with advancing age was seen. Conclusion: pressure and tongue endurance values in women presented with class II malocclusion were lower than the reference ones, an association between inadequate pressure and tongue endurance being found.
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Babu Balina, Sarath, Durga Harsha G V, Padmapriya C V, Varma DPK, and Goutham C V. "Adequacy of molar distalization after second and third molar eruption- a case report." International Journal of Dental Research 6, no. 2 (2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijdr.v6i2.9676.
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Adult patients with class II malocclusion can be treated routinely by extraction therapy. In the recent decades there was increasing popularity towards non-extraction treatment. Distalization of maxillary molars is one of the prime treatment modality to correct mild to moderate class II malocclusion cases with esthetically acceptable profile. A 16 years old female patient reported with irregularly placed upper front teeth and was diagnosed as Angle’s Class II malocclusion with orthognathic maxilla and mandible, average growth pattern. Treatment was planned to distalize the entire maxillary arch using mini implants as skeletal anchorage. 4.0 mm of maxillary molars were distalized, class I molar and canine relation were achieved bilaterally within span of 10 months without altering the patient’s existing profile.
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Pattanaik, Snigdha. "Management of a Skeletal Class II Malocclusion Using 2-Phase Treatment: An Indian Board of Orthodontics Case Report." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 54, no. 3 (2020): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301574220947551.
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PK, a 12-year-old female patient, was diagnosed with skeletal Class II due to retrognathic mandible, average growth pattern, Angle’s Class II, Division I malocclusion with Class II canine relation, mild upper anterior spacing, upper anterior proclination, uprighted lower anterior, lingually tipped 35, increased overjet and overbite, scissor bite Irt 24, 25, acute nasolabial angle, tongue thrust habit, incompetent lips, and lower lip trap. The nonextraction approach to orthodontic treatment was involved. The skeletal malocclusion was corrected using the twin-block appliance, followed by upper and lower pre-adjusted edgewise appliances (0.022 × 0.028 slot) with the MBT prescription.
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Shrestha, Sujita, and Rabindra Man Shrestha. "An Analysis of Malocclusion and Occlusal Characteristics in Nepalese Orthodontic Patients." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 3, no. 1 (2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9272.
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Objective: To analyze the prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal characteristics in referred Nepalese orthodontic patients with respect to age, gender, Angle’s classification. Materials & Method: Study models of 464 orthodontic patients (165 male and 299 female) of the age ranging from 11 to 30 years were studied to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion using Angle’s classification and occlusal characteristics of overjet, overbite, open bite, cross bite, displacement, and hypodontia according to the method of Dental Health Component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The association between DHC grades and Angle’s classification and gender were assessed using chi-square test (p < 0.01). Result: The malocclusion status among the Nepalese seeking orthodontic treatment was 54.7% Class I, 36.9% Class II, and 8.4% Class III. The occurrence of occlusal discrepancies were overjet in 43.8%, increased overbite in 20.7%, open bite in 8.2%, cross bite in 23.3%, displacement in 65.7% and hypodontia in 11.3%. Conclusion: 16.2 % required no/little treatment need, 20.4% required borderline treatment need, and 63.4 % required great/severe treatment need according to DHC scale. There was statistically significant association between DHC grades and distribution of malocclusion and gender of the Nepalese subjects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9272 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 19-25
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Khalid, Ahsan, Zubair Hassan Awaisi, Muhammad Anas Sufian, Zainab Ahmed, Sameera Jamshed, and Umal Asim. "Frequency of Extractions in Various Skeletal Patterns in Orthodontic Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 10, no. 3 (2020): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35488.
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Introduction: When the 20th century started Orthodontics was first recognized as a science. The removal or extraction of teeth destroys the ideal esthetics and occlusion, which was the base of orthodontic treatment plans. Edward Hartley Angle and his followers were not supporters of extraction due to this reason. Extreme dental or maxillary protrusion leading to facial deformities could be corrected by dental extraction was supported by Calvin Case who was a strong opponent of the Angle., for mainly analyzing the frequency of use of orthodontic extractions after evaluating the changes in the use of extraction in past years. The frequency of extractions was examined in relation to gender and Angle’s malocclusion classification.
 Materials and Method: This is a retrospective observational study. It was conducted in Orthodontics Department of Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, from 2015 to 2020. In this study records from 1032 patients who reported to orthodontic department in Nishtar institute of dentistry Multan for fixed orthodontic treatment were taken. For data registration SPSS 20 (IBM Chicago Illinois) was used. Frequency of extractions with regards to gender, skeletal pattern and types of extraction pattern was determined. In order to assess the association among variables Chi square test was applied and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
 Result: In respect of extraction group, 222 (41.3%) were males and 316 (58.7%) were female and whereas in nonextraction group, 83 (16.8%) were males and 411 (83.2%) were females. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The frequency of extraction in reference to Angle’s classification was analyzed, and no significant difference was found (p=0.992). Frequency of extraction was highest in class-II division-I malocclusion, and the lowest frequency of orthodontic tooth extraction was seen in class-II division-II malocclusion.
 Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results of our study that females had higher frequency of extractions as compared to males. Similarly, class II malocclusion patients had highest frequency while lowest frequency was in Class I malocclusions.
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Chowdhary, Sonal. "Management of severe Class II malocclusion with sequential modified twin block and fixed orthodontic appliances." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 6 (March 4, 2016): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.177966.
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Functional appliance is an effective way of treating skeletal Class II malocclusion in children and adolescents. A 12 months stepwise mandibular advancement protocol with Herbst appliance has been proved to enhance condylar growth and improve mandibular prognathism. The present case report documents a 12-year-old boy presenting with Angle’s Class II, division 1 malocclusion associated with excessive overjet (11 mm), 100% deep bite, and retrognathic mandible. He was treated by a phase I growth modification therapy using twin block appliance with lip pads in a stepwise mandibular advancement protocol followed by a phase II preadjusted Edgewise appliance therapy.
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Mishra, Rajeev Kumar, Dashrath Kafle, and Rahul Gupta. "Analysis of Interarch Tooth Size Relationship in Nepalese Subjects with Normal Occlusion and Malocclusions." International Journal of Dentistry 2019 (November 18, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2761427.
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Introduction. A proportional relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth size is required for achieving good finish with proper overjet and overbite postorthodontic treatment. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in Nepalese population, to compare Bolton’s ratio between subjects with normal occlusion, Class I malocclusion, and Class II malocclusion, to compare these results with Bolton’s norm, and to determine the frequency of clinically significant (beyond 2 SD) tooth size discrepancy compared to Bolton’s norm. Materials and Methods. The study models of the subjects with normal occlusion and Angle’s Class I malocclusion and Class II malocclusion and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archives. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. The study sample of 120 study models consisted of the normal occlusion group (n = 31), Class I malocclusion group (n = 47), and Class II malocclusion group (n = 42). These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio in three groups of subjects. Bolton’s ratio of study groups was compared with each other and with Bolton’s original ratio. Results. The differences in tooth size ratio of the study groups were not significant statistically, when the groups were compared on the basis of malocclusion or gender. Statistically significant differences were exclusively observed between the study groups and Bolton’s original sample for the anterior ratio. The frequency of the clinically significant tooth size ratio discrepancy was lower for the overall ratio (9.1%) compared to the anterior ratio (22.5%). Conclusions. Bolton’s analysis on the Nepalese population sample shows that there was no significant difference observed on the anterior and overall tooth size ratios when these were compared based on Angle’s malocclusion classes or gender. The clinically significant anterior tooth size discrepancy was more prevalent than that of the overall ratio.
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Kapoor, Deepika. "Assessment of Knowledge on Key Features of Angle’s Class II Division 1 Malocclusion among Dental School Under-graduates." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 8, no. 1 (2018): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v8i1.21346.
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Introduction: Angle in 1899 propounded the classification to recognize the malocclusion patterns. Class II Division 1 is a malalignment which can be identified by the parameters mentioned.Objective: To assess the knowledge of dental undergraduate students about Class II Division 1 malocclusion and their opinion about the treatment or clinical approach to such patients. Materials & Method: The study was performed using closed questionnaire on 138 fourth and final year undergraduate dental students of College of Dental Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal. Dental casts and photographs of a patient with Class II Division 1 were shown to the respondents to depict deviated midline, midline diastema, molar relation, increased overjet and overbite.Result: Dental students found it easy to identify increased overjet (91.99%), increased overbite (88.78%), presence of diastema (84.69%) and midline deviation (77.28%). However, 52% students could not identify the molar relationship. When asked about the appropriate timing for treatment; 48.8% thought it should be in deciduous dentition period, 41.6% in mixed dentition, and 9.6% in permanent dentition.Conclusion: Fourth and final year BDS students possess fair knowledge on common parameters used to determine Class II Division 1 malocclusion but they find difficulties in compiling and applying this knowledge to orthodontic treatment concept.
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Iyer, Sushmitha R., Sridhar Premkumar, and Mangaleswari Muruganandam. "Skeletal and dental changes induced by the Flip-Lock Herbst appliance in the treatment of Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion during active growth period: A preliminary study." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 15, no. 1 (2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2021.011.
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Background. The Flip-Lock Herbst (TP Orthodontics Inc.) is a fixed functional appliance, a variant of the Herbst appliance, introduced by Miller. It is claimed to have better patient tolerance due to its increased freedom for the mandible’s lateral movements. There have been no studies on the flip lock Herbst till date. This study was undertaken to assess the efficiency of the Flip-Lock Herbst appliance in correcting Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion. Methods. Eight subjects in their active growth period with class II division 1 malocclusion due to a retrognathic mandible were included in the study. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to evaluate skeletal and dental changes with the SO analysis. Paired samples t-test was used to assess statistical significance. Results. Statistically significant increases in mandibular length (pg/OLp) and effective mandibular length (ar/OLp + pg/OLp) were observed. There was a significant maxillary restraining effect. Dental effects were significant and exhibited class II correction features except for the position of lower incisors within the mandible (ii/OLp - pg/OLp). Skeletal changes accounted for 61% and dental changes for 39% of the total treatment for molar correction. For overjet correction, skeletal changes contributed to 63% and dental changes to 37% of the total treatment. Conclusion. The Flip-Lock Herbst appliance was efficient in correcting Angle’s class II division 1 malocclusion due to a retrognathic mandible. Both skeletal and dental changes were evident, with the former predominating (60:40).
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Sharma, Kuldeep, Ruchi Sharma, Dhruv Yadav, Abhilasha Choudhary, and Swapnil Singh. "A Study to determine the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Chief Motivational Factor for Desire of Orthodontic Treatment in Jaipur City, India." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 2 (2015): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1320.
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ABSTRACT Background Prevalence of malocclusion varies in different parts of a diverse country like India. Aims To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in population of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India, as well as subjects views regarding the most important factor for seeking orthodontic treatment by patients who have malocclusion. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 700 subjects (373 males and 327 females) with age group of 15 to 30 years. Subjects were randomly selected and none of them had received orthodontic treatment previously. The subjects who showed bilateral Angle's class I molar relationship with acceptable overjet, overbite and well-aligned arches or minimal crowding were considered to have normal occlusion. The subjects with malocclusion were classified into four groups according to Angle's classification, i.e. class I, class II division 1, class II division 2 and class III malocclusions. Results About 74.57% of population was found to have malocclusion. Among these subjects, 52.57% subjects were diagnosed with class I malocclusion, 12.57% with class II division 1 malocclusion, 8% with class II division 2 and remaining 1.42% had class III malocclusion. No statistically significant differences were found between male and female subjects. Conclusion Among class I malocclusion characteristics, Angle's class I type 1 malocclusion was statistically significantly found to be the most prevalent type of malocclusion. As far as the most important factor for seeking orthodontic treatment was determined, a desire of enhancing facial appearance followed by a desire of attaining straight teeth was considered to be the chief motivational factor among this population. How to cite this article Sharma R, Sharma K, Yadav D, Choudhary A, Singh S. A Study to determine the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Chief Motivational Factor for Desire of Orthodontic Treatment in Jaipur City, India. World J Dent 2015; 6(2):87-92.
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Al Taki, Amjad, Mohammed H. Ahmed, Hussain A. Ghani, and Fatma Al Kaddah. "Impact of different malocclusion types on the vertical mandibular asymmetry in young adult sample." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 03 (2015): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.163233.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the vertical mandibular asymmetry in a group of adult patients with different types of malocclusions, based on Angle's dental classification. Materials and Methods: A sample of 102 patients (age range 19–28) who went for routine orthodontic treatment in the institution were divided into four groups: Class I, 26 patients; Class II/1, 30 patients; Class III, 23 patients; and control group (CG) with normal occlusion, 23 patients. Condylar asymmetry index (CAI), ramal asymmetry index (RAI), condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index values were measured for all patients on panoramic radiographs. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-test at the 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). Results: The results of the analysis showed that different occlusal types significantly affected the vertical symmetry of the mandible at the condylar level. Class I and Class II/1 malocclusion groups showed a significant difference in CAI values relative to the CG (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the CG and Class III malocclusion group (P > 0.05). Comparisons between Class II/1 and Class I malocclusions revealed a significant difference in CAI values (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Both Class II/1 and Class I malocclusions patients had significantly higher CAI values compared to CG and Class III group. CAI value was significantly higher in Class II/1 malocclusion compared to Class I malocclusion. Both these malocclusions could act as a predisposing factor for having asymmetric condyles if left untreated.
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Naresh, V., KVV Pratap Varma, Raja Bhaskar Reddy, S. Nanda Kishore Reddy, Sita Rama Rao, and Praveen Kumar Neela. "Evaluation of Malocclusion in MPDS." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 5 (2013): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1429.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is a disorder which is characterized by facial pain and limited mandibular function because of the complex nature of this disease. Malocclusion was never evaluated in MPDS patients to know its role. Electromyographic silent period durations of masseter were used for objective assessment of MPDS patients. Aim To evaluation of role of malocclusion in MPDS patients and also to study the EMG masseteric silent period pattern in MPDS patients in different malocclusions. Materials and methods Two groups, groups I and II of 75 subjects each, were included in this study. Groups I and II constituted the normal subjects and MPDS patients respectively. All these subjects in both the groups were again subdivided based on Angle's class I, II and III malocclusion. Electromyographic (EMG) silent period of masseteric muscle on both sides was measured for all the subjects in both the groups to know whether it differs according to the type of malocclusion. Results The silent period was more in group II (MPDS patients). There was no significant difference in the silent periods in Angle's class I, II and III malocclusion in group I, whereas in group II, there was a significant difference in the silent period in Angle's class II compared to Angle's class I and III. There was no significant difference between males and females. Conclusion MPDS patients are more in Angle's class I malocclusion. Silent period is more in Angle's class II malocclusion of MPDS group. Clinical significance: The EMG masseter silent period duration can be advantageously utilized as an adjunct to clinical examination for diagnosis of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. It is enough if one side masseter muscle is measured for silent period duration. How to cite this article Varma KVVP, Reddy RB, Reddy SNK, Rao SR, Neela PK, V Naresh. Evaluation of Malocclusion in MPDS. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):939-943.
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Boiangiu, Ronen, Angelica Bencze, Elina Teodorescu, et al. "Study Regarding the Applications of Imaging Technology in Cranial Base Morphology in Angle Class II Division 1 and 2 Malocclusions." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 8 (2017): 1935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.8.5795.
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The aim of the research is to investigate the characteristics of cranial base morphology in class II division 1 and class II division 2 malocclusions. The study group consisted of 40 patients aged 11 years treated at the Orthodontic Department of �Carol Davila� University. Both gender and both malocclusion types were equally represented. Lateral cephalograms were traced and 22 linear and angular cephalometric parameters were calculated: four parameters for the cranial base (N-S-Ba, N-Op-Ba angles, N-S, S-Ba lengths) and 18 parameters for the maxillofacial complex Nsa-Nsp, Go-Gn, Kdl-Go, S-Nsp, N-Nsa, Nsa-Gn, N-Gn, Nsp-Go, SNA angle, ANB angle, SN � NsaNsp angle, SN-GoGn angle, N-Nsa-Gn angle, S-Nsp-Go angle, N-Nsa-Pg angle, gonial angle, FMA angle, NsaNsp � GoGn. Statistical significant differences between cranial base parameters in the two malocclusions groups were depicted, in particular for feminine gender. Regardless of gender, the sphenoidal angle values were mainly increased in both malocclusion groups, when compared to normal population values. The S-Ba lengths were decreased in both malocclusion groups, regardless of gender. More significant alterations of cranial base morphology were depicted in patients with Class II Division 2 malocclusions then in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. The study�s results sustain the existence of some cranial base alterations in Class II malocclusions.
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Jeelani, Waqar, Uroosa Sher, and Maheen Ahmed. "Nature and severity of dental malocclusion in children suffering from transfusion-dependent (-thalassemia major." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 25, no. 6 (2020): 26e1–26e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.25.6.26.e1-9.onl.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusion in children suffering from β-thalassemia and to assess orthodontic treatment need using Grainger’s Treatment Priority Index (TPI) and index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN)-dental health component (DHC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 transfusion-dependent children diagnosed with homozygous β-thalassemia and 200 healthy school children aged 11-17 years. The TPI and IOTN-DHC data was recorded for both groups. Total TPI score for each subject was calculated and graded according to malocclusion severity estimate (MSE). Independent sample t-test was used to compare mean TPI scores, overjet and overbite between thalassemic and healthy children. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of IOTN-DHC grades, Angle’s classification, and MSE grades between thalassemic and healthy children. Results: The most prevalent malocclusion was Class I in normal children (67.5%) and Class II in thalassemic children (59%). The mean overjet and overbite were significantly (p<0.001) greater in thalassemic children than in healthy children. Severe tooth displacements were 3.5 times greater in thalassemic children, compared to controls. A greater proportion of thalassemic children were in IOTN grades 3 and 4, compared to the controls (p<0.001). MSE grades 4 and 5 were significantly (p<0.001) more prevalent in thalassemic children, compared to the controls. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of Angle’s Class II malocclusion in thalassemic children. Majority of these children are categorized in higher grades of IOTN-DHC and TPI-MSE, showing a great severity of malocclusion and high orthodontic treatment needs.
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Romano, Fábio Lourenço, Maria Beatriz Borges de Araújo Magnani, José Tarcísio Lima Ferreira, et al. "Prevalence of malocclusions in schoolchildren with mixed dentition in the city of Piracicaba, Brazil." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo 24, no. 2 (2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/ro_unicid.v24i2.361.
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Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of Class I, Class II and Class III Angle’s malocclusions and the associated problems open bite, cross-bite, anterior and posterior crowding, in schoolchildren of the public schools of Piracicaba’s city – São Paulo’s state. Methods: Four hundred and sixteen children were examined, 7 to 12 years of age, boys and girls, independent of the ethnic group and the socioeconomic condition. The children were examined in their own school by a professional graduated in Dentistry, are properly gagged. In the clinical exam wood spatulas were used to move away the check to facilitate the view of patient’s occlusal characteristics. Results: The examined scholars (86,6%) showed occlusal problems: 55,7% with Class I malocclusion, 19,7% with Class II-1ª division, 5,2% with Class II-2ª division and 6,0% with Class III. In relation to the associated problems, 16,5% showed anterior open bite, 3,3% anterior cross-bite , 15,8% posterior cross-bite, 3,6% anterior and posterior cross-bite and 52,6% anterior and inferior crowding.
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Jaiswal, Alok Kumar, Gunjan Kumar Shrestha, Wimby Tuladhar, Binita Singh, and Rahul Gupta. "Prevalence of malocclusion in Parsa district: A comparative study." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 10, no. 3 (2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35484.
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Introduction: Malocclusion is one of the commonest problem in dentistry and the knowledge on its prevalence on particular population group is very important to plan oral health activities. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of malocclusion in school going children of Parsa district, Nepal, and to compare the same with previous study.
 Materials and Method: The sample consisted of 250 males and 210 females (total of 460 subjects) aged between 6 to 17 years. Subjects without any previous orthodontic treatment and with no dental anomalies were included in this study. Census sampling was done for the patient visiting orthodontic from November 2018 to March 2019. Classification of malocclusion was based on Angle’s classification of malocclusion. Collected data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and converted into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 11.5 for statistical analysis. For descriptive statistics, percentage and proportion, were calculated, also tabular presentation were performed. For inferential statistics, Chi square test were used for intergroup comparison.
 Result: School going children of Parsa district, Nepal suggests 50.47% female and 45.6% of male exhibits Angle’s Class I malocclusion, 29.04% female and 30% male exhibits class II pattern, 11.4% female and 12.0% male exhibits class III pattern. The other findings reported in the study were, the occurrence of crowding of teeth more in males whereas the occurrence of spacing is more in females.
 Conclusion: Majority of the subjects in the study had Class I malocclusion. Only 9.04% female and 12.4% of male showed normal class I occlusion. The occurrence of crowding of teeth more in males whereas the occurrence of spacing is more in females. This may be due to the incidence of missing tooth is more in females.
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Dhiman, Indu, Shikha Thakur, and Depinder Pal Singh. "Association of Morphological Characteristics of Palatal Rugae Pattern with Dental Malocclusion in Himachal Population." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 5 (2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210503.
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Introduction: Palatal rugae used for the evaluation of dental movements and as a landmark in the superimposition of dental cast for orthodontic purpose as it is a stable point. So, the aims and objectives of our study is to investigate the association of morphological characteristics of palatal rugae with dental malocclusion in Himachali population. Materials and methods: 90 subjects divided into three groups (n=30 each) on the basis of Angle’s classification. Palatal rugae were marked on dental casts and evaluated for length, pattern and orientation. Obtained measurements were then statistically analysed. Conclusion: Primary palatal rugae’s length was found more in Class II followed by Class III and Class I malocclusion. Among the pattern of the primary palatal rugae, curved pattern were more evident on both right and left sides of all malocclusion groups. Horizontal directed orientation is more predominant on the right side and posteriorly directed on the left side of the first primary palatine rugae. Keywords: Rugae, Malocclusion, orientation pattern, length, morphology.
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Machado, Vanessa, João Botelho, Paulo Mascarenhas, José João Mendes, and Ana Delgado. "A systematic review and meta-analysis on Bolton’s ratios: Normal occlusion and malocclusion." Journal of Orthodontics 47, no. 1 (2019): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312519886322.
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to seek and summarise the Bolton overall index (OI) and anterior index (AI) regarding normal occlusion and Angle’s malocclusion according to gender, and to assess if these indices support Bolton’s standards as general references. Methods: PubMed, LILACS, Embase, CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases were searched up to June 2019 (CRD42018088438). Non-randomised clinical studies, published in English and assessing Bolton’s OI and/or AI in normal occlusion and Angle’s malocclusion groups, were included. OI and AI means, sample size and SDs were collected. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Pairwise random-effects and multilevel Bayesian network meta-analyses were used to synthesise available data. Results: Fifty-three observational studies were included (11,411 participants; 3746 men, 4430 women; 15 studies lacked gender information). For normal occlusion, pooled estimates for OI and AI means were 91.78% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 91.42–92.14; I2 = 92.87%) and 78.25% (95% CI = 77.87–78.62; I2 = 90.67%), respectively. We could identify in Angle’s Class III patients meaningful OI and AI mean deviations from normal occlusion (0.76, 95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.55–0.98 and 0.61, 95% CrI = 0.35–0.87, respectively), while in Class II patients we found a meaningful mean deviation from normal occlusion only for OI (−0.28, 95% CrI = −0.52–−0.05). Concerning gender impact, male patients presented higher OI (0.30, 95% CI = 0.00–0.59) and AI (0.41, 95% CI = 0.00–0.83) mean values than female patients in Class I. Conclusion: Normal occlusion OI and AI mean values differ from Bolton’s original values. Class II division 2, for OI mean values, and Class III, for both OI and AI, are proportionally larger than normal occlusion patients. Gender had almost no impact on teeth mesiodistal proportion.
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Coello-Vásquez, Santiago, Alberto Alvarado-Cordero, María Delgado-López, and Luisa Salinas-Abarca. "Prevalence of dental malocclusions in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador." International Journal of Medical and Surgical Sciences 5, no. 1 (2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/ijmss.2018.004.
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The aim of this paper was to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador. A cross-sectional study was carried out, including a clinical examination of 181 schoolchildren aged 12 years, who were randomly selected from the schoolchildren population. We assessed the presence of malocclusions using the Angles classification. The analysis was performed in the program EpiInfo 7.2. The majority of the patients presented malocclusions (91.7%). There is no significant difference between public and private schools and the male sex was slightly more affected. There was a predominance of the Class II division 1 (30.4%), followed by Class III (25.4%), and Class I (24.9%), with the lowest prevalence reported for Class II division 2 (11%). A high rate of malocclusion was found in in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador, in both males and females. The dominant malocclusion in this study was Class II division 1.
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Vishnu, Sriman, Saravanakumar Subranmanian, Prema Anbarasu, Nagappan Nagappan, Annamalai P.R., and Indra Annamalai. "Validity of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Complexity in Assessing Complexity of Treatment among the Malocclusion Groups." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 14 (2021): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/215.
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BACKGROUND To provide efficient and well-planned orthodontic treatment orthodontists must be able to assess the type of malocclusion and the complexity involved in its treatment. Hence, the purpose of this study was to validate index of orthodontic treatment complexity (IOTC) as a reliable index to assess the treatment complexity in treating different malocclusion groups. METHODS A retrospective study with sample of 120 pairs of orthodontic study model consisting of treated and untreated cases, were collected and equally divided into class I, class II including both division 1 and division 2 and class III malocclusions based on Angles system of classification of malocclusion. Study casts were scored according to criteria given by the index of orthodontic treatment complexity and the degree of complexity is established for each of the malocclusion groups and the occlusal traits. RESULTS The Spearman correlation coefficients test shows that occlusal traits like overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite, alone significantly correlated with degree of complexity. Multiple regression analysis and one way ANOVA tests were performed for the three types of malocclusion and the test showed that in individual classes of malocclusion, the predictor variable (occlusal traits) significantly predicts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. CONCLUSIONS Overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite correlated with degree of complexity. IOTC forecasts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. KEY WORDS IOTC, Malocclusion, Occlusal Traits
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Lopes, Caroline Maria Igrejas, Suzana Silva Lira, Jakeline Cabral da Silva Oliveira, Ana Cláudia Alves e Luna, Paula Andréa de Melo Valença, and Valdenice Aparecida de Menezes. "Occlusal Disorders in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Critical Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 45, no. 2 (2021): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-45.2.8.
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Objective: To identify the association of occlusal disorders in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Study design: A literature review was conducted, and articles published between 2010 and 2019 were searched on Bireme and PubMed websites and in MEDLINE and LILACS databases, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, using the keywords “malocclusion,” “sickle cell disease,” and “cephalometry,” combined by Boolean operators AND and OR. One of the criteria for the selection of articles was the presence of adolescents in the sample. This methodology followed the PRISMA recommendations. Seventy-nine articles were found, seven of which were included in the review as they met the inclusion criteria and the study goals. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion in SCD patients ranged from 62.9% to 100%, which was considered very severe in 30.1% to 80.6%. The most common occlusal changes were Angle’s class II malocclusion, increased maxillary overjet, and anterior open bite. In addition, class II skeletal pattern was the most prevalent due to mandibular retrusion. Conclusion: Malocclusion prevalence in SCD patients is high and considered to be a risk factor, with a significant rate of very severe malocclusion when compared to healthy patients.
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Sonone, Jayant K., Gaurav S. Tikar, Pallavi G. Thakare, and Sushil N. Meshram. "Relationship of chronic rhinosinusitis with dental malocclusion: a prospective study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 6 (2020): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20202215.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The purpose of this study was to find the effect of chronic rhinosinusitis on dental malocclusion. A malocclusion is defined as an irregularity of the teeth or a mal relationship of the dental arches beyond the range of what is accepted as normal. Malocclusion may not be life-threatening, but it is an important public health issue as it compromises the health of oral tissues and also can lead to psychological and social problems. There are numerous studies in the literature about prevalence of the dental malocclusion but there is no study regarding association of CRS and malocclusion. Several factors related to malocclusion, such as anterior crowding, midline malalignment, and facial asymmetry, have strong effects on the perception of facial aesthetics, which influence the psychological development and in turn, influence social acceptance and self‑perception.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted from September 2015 to August 2017 and 57 patients with diagnosis of having chronic sinusitis, were evaluated for dental occlusion. Malocclusion is then classified by angle’s classification. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Most patients of chronic rhinosinusitis had dental malocclusion in grade II, followed by grade I, then grade III.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> While treating the patients of CRS one must keep in mind that he may have class II malocclusion which may cause gum disease, poor oral hygiene, impaired speech, mastication and aesthetics of face and need orthodontics management as well.</p>
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Singh, Varun Pratap, and Amita Sharma. "Epidemiology of Malocclusion and Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Need for Nepalese Children." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (December 22, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/768357.
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Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in eastern Nepal and compare the findings with those of other populations. Methods. Two thousand seventy-four children (1149 males and 925 females) aged between 12 and 15 years were evaluated. Their orthodontic treatment need was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN) (dental health component (DHC)). Angle’s classes of malocclusion were also evaluated. Results. The prevalence of classes I, II, and III was 48.50%, 32.68%, and 4.32%, respectively. The IOTN showed that 21.59% had an extreme treatment need, 24.67% had severe treatment need, 24.07% had moderate treatment need, 14.7% had mild treatment need, and 15.02% had no treatment need. Conclusion. Class I malocclusion is the most common, while class III is the least prevalent in eastern Nepal. The majority of the children need orthodontic treatment.
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Ibrahim, Amanj R., Zana Q. Omer, Hasan S. Hasan, and Walaa M. Saleem Almola. "Bolton Ratio of Different Angle’s Classifications in a School Children Sample of Erbil City." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 2 (2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n2y2020.pp87-97.
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Aims of this study were to determine both the Bolton anterior and overall ratios in a representative sample of Erbil schoolchildren of Normal occlusion and Cl I, Cl II div I, div II, and Cl III malocclusion, also to find if there are any gender differences. Numerical data were obtained, comprised of 320 samples study casts of students with a mean age of 13–15 years selected from different schools in Erbil City. The casts were divided into 5 groups according to the type of malocclusion: Normal (n = 64), Cl I (n = 64), Class II div I (n = 64), Class II div II (n = 64), and Class III subjects (n = 64). The measurement of the greatest mesiodistal width of the teeth was performed using digital Vernier directly on the study casts, from the distal surface of the left first molar to the distal surface of the right first molar. The overall and anterior ratios between the maxillary and mandibular teeth were computed and evaluated using Bolton’s method. The results revealed that the mean anterior ratio (78.863) was higher and statistically signifi cantly different from anterior Bolton’s (77.2) and also the mean overall ratio was not statistically signifi cant different from Bolton’s ratio (91.3) (P = 0.239), with respect to the overall and anterior ratios among all the groups, statistically significant differences were found. Differences between genders were analyzed using a t-test. The results showed that there were no signifi cant differences between males and females. There were non-significant differences between the findings of the present study and those of Bolton’s study for overall ratio and anterior ratio, but among all five classifications, there was a significant difference of Erbil population not similar to Bolton ratio and there was no significant difference between males and females.
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Siddharth Narayan, Nashra Kareem, and Arvina Rajasekar. "The periodontal status of mandibular incisors in patients with angle’s class II malocclusion treated with orthodontic therapy or orthognathic surgery with orthodontic therapy: A single centered retrospective study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4072.
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Malocclusion is any deviation from physiologically acceptable contact between opposing dental arches. Occlusal trauma is a term used to describe injury resulting in tissue change within the attachment apparatus which may occur in a healthy or reduced periodontium. Clinically one of the tests to assess trauma from occlusion is the fremitus test with confirmatory test for trauma from occlusions such as histological evaluation of a block section biopsy or modern aids like T-scan. Considering these findings Angles Class II molar relation with or without skeletal Class II relation has great influence in underlying peridium. The present study was aimed at correlating the relation between angles class II malocclusion treated with orthodontic therapy alone or combined with orthognathic surgery and the periodontal status of mandibular incisors. The study was a single centered retrospective university design, using patient records for the comparison of the entire patient outflow of a dental college in Chennai from 1st June 2019 till 1st March 2020. The included patients were individuals with angles class II malocclusion treated by orthodontic therapy alone or combined with orthognathic surgery. In this study, we observed that the periodontal status of mandibular incisors was mostly healthy with the incidence of gingivitis associated at a higher tendency in patients treated by fixed orthodontic appliance therapy along with orthognathic surgery. There was also a negative correlation of non-extraction cases and periodontal status suggesting orthodontic extraction cases have a relatively healthy periodontium which was both clinically and statistically significant.
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Sudhakar, P., Sunil Arora, Amit Maheshwari, et al. "Biomechanical and Clinical Considerations in correcting Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with ForsusTM." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 6 (2012): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1254.
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ABSTRACT Aim The present case report describes the importance of understanding of biomechanical and clinical considerations in application of Forsus appliance in correction of class II skeletal malocclusion. Background Angle's class II malocclusion is one of the most prevailing that may be either skeletal or dental presenting with different clinical manifestations. There are number of appliances to treat such a malocclusion in a growing child. Fixed functional appliances are indicated for class II corrections in patients who report late with minimal residual growth left. Case description A case of class II skeletal and dental malocclusion treated with preadjusted edgewise appliance supplemented with Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) (3M Unitek Corp, California, USA) is reported. Conclusion Forsus device is an effective alternative in treating moderate skeletal class II malocclusion. The Forsus FRD (3M Unitek Corp, California, USA) can be used instead of class II elastics in mild cases and in place of Herbst appliance in severe cases. Alteration of force vector by modifying the archwire as shown in this case report while applying Forsus and incorporation of 10 degree labial root torque in lower archwire will minimize the effects on dentition. Engaging modules or tubing on to the pushrod and leaving 1 to 2 mm clearance between distal end of the upper tube and L-pin as shown in this case report will significantly improve the patient compliance. Clinical significance Much emphasis should be given to biomechanical considerations which were discussed in this article while treating patients with Forsus to prevent the unwanted effects. Clinical considerations and certain modifications advised in this case report should be utilized while treating class II skeletal malocclusions with Forsus appliance to eliminate the patient cooperation factor and make treatment time estimates much more accurate. How to cite this article Adusumilli SP, Sudhakar P, Mummidi B, Varma DPK, Arora S, Radhika A, Maheshwari A. Biomechanical and Clinical Considerations in correcting Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with ForsusTM. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(6):918-924.
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Brar, Rajwinder, Mandeep Bhullar, Sanjay Mittal, Divya Singla, and Isha Aggarwal. "Comparison of Crown-Root Relationships of Maxillary Central Incisors in Various Malocclusions." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 07, no. 01 (2019): 028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685129.
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Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the crown-root and labial crown-root angles in class I, class II division (div) 1, and class II div 2 malocclusions, using cephalometric radiographs, and to find a correlation between crown-root angulation and labial crown-root angle. Materials and Methods A sample of 45 patients (23 females and 22 males) with age range from 11 to 27 years and mean age of 17 years was taken. The sample was divided into class I, class II div 2, and class II div 1 malocclusions with 15 patients in each group. The means for various parameters for each group were calculated, and multiple comparisons were made. For correlation of two parameters, Pearson's correlation was used for normally distributed data. Results Mean crown-root angle for class I was 5.8 ± 6.5; for class II div 1, it was 5.3 ± 4.2; and for class II div 2, it was 15.6 ± 9.69 degrees. Mean labial crown root angle for class I was 28.8 ± 5.8; for class II div 1, it was 27.06 ± 4.9; and for class II div 2, it was 39.8 ± 9.8 degrees. Conclusions Statistically higher values were seen for crown-root angle and labial crown-root angle in class II div 2 malocclusion. A significant correlation was seen between crown-root angle and labial crown-root angle in class I, class II div 1, and class II div 2 malocclusion.