Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anglo-Saxon Slavery

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Anglo-Saxon Slavery'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Anglo-Saxon Slavery"

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de la Fuente, Alejandro. "Slavery and the Law: A Reply." Law and History Review 22, no. 2 (2004): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4141652.

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I have come to learn that unless one does it in unabashedly critical terms, including “slavery” and “Tannenbaum” in the same sentence is an intellectual exercise fraught with perils. The sole mention of Tannenbaum elicits images of benevolent Spanish and Portuguese masters in contrast to cruel Anglo-Saxon slaveowners, or of rigid dichotomies between racist North America and racially harmonious Latin America. These images clearly influence the comments of my critics, even though they have limited relevance for the central arguments of my article.
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Harris, W. V. "Demography, Geography and the Sources of Roman Slaves." Journal of Roman Studies 89 (November 1999): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/300734.

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Where did a large-scale Roman slave-owner obtain new slaves? Varro in effect tells us: Ephesus. And the answer would probably have been the same for many generations after his time. But can we work out more systematically and more thoroughly the relative importance of different kinds of sources? The sources which most require consideration are: (1) children born to slave-mothers within the Empire; (2) persons enslaved in provincial or frontier wars; (3) persons imported across the frontiers; (4) the ‘self-enslaved’; and (5) infants abandoned at places within the Empire.Several years ago, I argued on a number of grounds that the last of these sources, child-exposure, was more important than had previously been recognized. Subsequent reconsideration of the problem has led me to suspect that the source-material under-represents the amount of slave-importation across the frontiers, but not to doubt that child-exposure was very widespread or that it made an important contribution to the slave supply. Of the many subsequent discussions, the most original is that of Ramin and Veyne, who, in an article of 1981 too little attended to in the Anglo-Saxon world, made it appear very likely that those who voluntarily sold themselves into slavery were a larger category than scholars usually imagine. More recently, Scheidel has attempted to revive the case, previously propounded by Shtaerman among others, in favour of the self-reproductivity of the slave population.
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Gemme, Paola. "Domesticating Foreign Struggles: American Narratives of Italian Revolutions and the Debate on Slavery in the Antebellum Era." Prospects 27 (October 2002): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001149.

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Reporting on the Roman revolution of 1848 as the foreign correspondent of theNew-York Daily Tribune, Margaret Fuller observed that Americans used the same arguments against the political emancipation of Italy that they employed against the social emancipation of blacks in the United States. “Americans in Italy,” she wrote, “talk about the corrupt and degenerate state of Italy as they do about that of our slaves at home.” “They come ready trained,” she explained, “to that mode of reasoning which affirms that, because men are degraded by bad institutions, they are not fit for better.” This essay builds upon Fuller's comment. It examines American accounts of the Italians' mid-19th-century struggle to free their country from its colonial bond to the Austrian empire and substitute local absolutist monarchies with more enlightened forms of government, and demonstrates that the discourse on revolutionary Italy became the site of a reenactment on foreign grounds of the domestic controversy over slavery. The discussion on whether Italians could become republican subjects was liable to become a mediated debate over emancipation and the future of the African bondsmen in the American republic because of the alleged similarities, both historical and “racial,” between the populations of Italy and blacks in antebellum America. Like the slaves in the United States, Italians had been subjected to brutal despotism for centuries, which, within the 19th-century environmental conception of political virtue, was believed to have negatively affected their aptitude for freedom. Like the black slaves, moreover, Italians were placed by racist ideology outside the pale of the dominant Anglo-Saxon racial category, a political as well as a “biological” class marked by the exclusive capacity for self-government.
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Banaji, Jairus. "Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages: What Kind of Transition?" Historical Materialism 19, no. 1 (2011): 109–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920611x564680.

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AbstractThe stereotype of slave-run latifundia being turned into serf-worked estates is no longer credible as a model of the transition from antiquity to the middle ages, but Chris Wickham’s anomalous characterisation of the Roman Empire as ‘feudal’ is scarcely a viable alternative to that. If a fully-articulated feudal economy only emerged in the later middle ages, what do we make of the preceding centuries? By postulating a ‘general dominance of tenant production’ throughout the period covered by his book, Wickham fails to offer any basis for a closer characterisation of the post-Roman rural labour-force and exaggerates the degree of control that peasants enjoyed in the late Empire and post-Roman world. A substantial part of the rural labour-force of the sixth to eighth centuries comprised groups who, like Rosamond Faith’s inland-workers in Anglo-Saxon England, were more proletarian than peasant-like. The paper suggests the likely ways in which that situation reflected Roman traditions of direct management and the subordination of labour, and outlines what a Marxist theory of the so-called colonate might look like. After discussing Wickham’s handling of the colonate and slavery, and looking briefly at the nature of estates and the fate of the Roman aristocracy, I conclude by criticising the way Wickham uses the category of ‘mode of production’.
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Jiménez González, Aitor. "Esclavitud negra y procesos de racialización en el Atlántico Colonial Ibérico: Perspectivas confrontadas = Black Slavery and Racialization Processes in the Iberian Colonial Atlantic: Conflicting Perspectives." EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, no. 16 (March 29, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2019.4694.

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Resumen: El racismo como ideología ordenadora y jerarquizadora de la realidad social se configuró en torno a normas y leyes. Fue enunciado en términos legales y jurídicos. Este desarrollo jurídico legal tuvo su máximo exponente en los territorios conquistados y sometidos a régimen de gobierno colonial por parte de las naciones europeas. A pesar de que este desarrollo fue especialmente marcado en las regiones americanas colonizadas por España y Portugal no existe un cuerpo doctrinario latinoamericano consolidado que haya analizado el fenómeno del Derecho y el racismo. Con este artículo proponemos un análisis de la literatura existente en torno a la esclavitud africana y las diferencias sustanciales que existen entre las perspectivas hispanas y anglosajonas que abordan esta cuestión. Exponemos así mismo la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones que desde una perspectiva no anglocentrada nos permita comprender el fenómeno del racismo en el Derecho colonial de raíz hispana. Consideramos que el análisis de los procesos de racialización de la región desde una epistemología situada podría ayudar a comprender los fenómenos de racialización que suceden en la actualidad.Palabras clave: Derecho, racismo, esclavitud negra, racialización, tecnologías de poder, blanquitud, manumisión, colonialismo, gubernamentalidad, historia atlántica.Abstract: Racism, as a hierarchizing and ordering ideology of the social reality arose as a part of the legal order. Norms and rules were its constituent body. Territories submitted to colonial governance of European nations were its experimentations camps. Despite of the importance of racialized legal orders in colonial Latin-America, the region lacks of its own coherent body of socio-legal studies looking at the colonial racial relations. In this paper I will scrutinize relevant contributions in Law and Race looking at racial relations in colonial Latin America, specifically those related with black slavery. I aim to expose the substantial difference between Latin-American and Anglo-Saxon perspectives. My intention with that is to remark the necessity of developing a non anglocentered analytical perspective of the Iberian colonial world. This will give academics the possibility, not only of understanding Latin-American racial history but also of apprehending the nature of the current racialization processes.Keywords: Law, racism, slavery, black slavery, racialization, technologies of power, whiteness, manumission, colonialism, governmentality, Atlantic history.
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Miller, D. A. "Slavery in Early Mediaeval England. By David A. E. Pelteret. Studies in Anglo-Saxon History, VII (Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 1995. xvi plus 375 pp. $75.00)." Journal of Social History 34, no. 4 (June 1, 2001): 1003–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2001.0062.

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Frantzen, Allen J. "David A. E. Pelteret. Slavery in Early Medieval England: From the Reign of Alfred until the Twelfth Century. (Studies in Anglo-Saxon History.) Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell & Brewer. 1995. Pp. xvi, 375. $81.00. ISBN 0-85115-399-2." Albion 28, no. 4 (1996): 664–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052037.

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LUTZ, ANGELIKA. "Celtic influence on Old English and West Germanic." English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 2 (July 2009): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309003001.

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This article concentrates on the question of language contact between English and Celtic in the period between the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britannia (?AD 449) and the Norman conquest of England (AD 1066) but in some places reaches out to West Germanic times and to the period after the Norman conquest. It focuses on a certain region, that of the Southern Lowlands, mainly Anglo-Saxon Wessex, and deals with evidence that has been mentioned before: (1) the twofold paradigm of ‘to be’ and (2) the Old English designations for Celts that refer to their status as slaves. The article demonstrates that both the syntactic and the lexico-semantic evidence is particularly concentrated in West Saxon texts. Together, both types of evidence are shown to support the assumption that a very substantial Celtic population exerted substratal influence on (pre-)Old English by way of large-scale language shift in one of the early heartlands of England. This substratal Insular Celtic influence on Old English is contrasted with the adstratal Celtic influence on continental West Germanic.
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Pelteret, David. "The Image of the Slave in Some Anglo-Saxon and Norse Sources." Slavery & Abolition 23, no. 2 (August 2002): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714005239.

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Watson, David, David Watson, Barbara Yorke, Dale Hoak, Sophie Tomlinson, Simon Barker, Ben Lowe, et al. "Reviews: History Matters: Patriarchy and the Challenge of Feminism, History and its Limits: Human, Animal, Violence., a Companion to Bede, Selling the Tudor Monarchy: Authority and Image in Sixteenth-Century England, Staging the Old Faith: Queen Henrietta Maria and the Theatre of Caroline England, 1625–1642, Unto the Breach: Martial Formations, Historical Trauma, and the Early Modern Stage, the Ends of Life: Roads to Fulfilment in Early Modern England, Shakespeare's Foreign Worlds: National and Transnational Identities in the Elizabethan Age., Ars Reminiscendi: Mind and Memory in Renaissance Culture, Women Writing History in Early Modern England, Romanticism and Popular Culture in Britain and Ireland, Native Americans and Anglo-American Culture, 1750–1850: The Indian Atlantic, Debating the Slave Trade: Rhetoric of British National Identity, 1759–1815, Posting It, the Victorian Revolution in Letter Writing, the Tragi-Comedy of Victorian Fatherhood, the Transatlantic Indian, 1776–1930, Evelyn Sharp, Rebel Woman, 1869–1955, Gertrude Stein and the Making of an American Celebrity, the Oxford Critical and Cultural History of Modernist Magazines, the Literature of the Irish in Britain: Autobiography and Memoir, 1725–2001, Emmanuel LevinasJudithM. Bennett, History Matters: Patriarchy and the Challenge of Feminism , Manchester University Press, 2007, pp. 214, £25.DominickLacapra, History and its Limits: Human, Animal, Violence. Cornell University Press, 2009, pp ix + 230, $59.95, $19.95.GeorgeHardin Brown, A Companion to Bede , The Boydell Press, Anglo-Saxon Studies 12, 2009, pp. ix + 167, £45; GunnVicky, Bede's Historiae. Genre, Rhetoric and the Construction of Anglo-Saxon Church History , The Boydell Press, 2009, pp. 256, £50.KevinSharpe, Selling the Tudor Monarchy: Authority and Image in Sixteenth-Century England , Yale University Press, 2009, pp. xxix + 588, £30.RebeccaA. Bailey, Staging the Old Faith: Queen Henrietta Maria and the Theatre of Caroline England, 1625–1642 , Manchester University Press, 2009, pp. xv +265, £50.PatriciaA. Cahill, Unto the Breach: Martial Formations, Historical Trauma, and the Early Modern Stage , Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. x + 227, £50.KeithThomas, The Ends of Life: Roads to Fulfilment in Early Modern England , Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. xvi + 393, £20.CaroleLevin and WatkinsJohn, Shakespeare's Foreign Worlds: National and Transnational Identities in the Elizabethan Age. Cornell University Press, 2009, pp. xi + 217, $45.DonaldBeecher and WilliamsGrant (eds), Ars Reminiscendi: Mind and Memory in Renaissance Culture , Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies (Toronto), 2009, pp. 440, CDN$37.MeganMatchinske, Women Writing History in Early Modern England , Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. ix + 240, £55.PhilipConnell and LeaskNigel (eds), Romanticism and Popular Culture in Britain and Ireland , Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. xiv + 317, £50.TimFulford and HutchingsKevin (eds), Native Americans and Anglo-American Culture, 1750–1850: The Indian Atlantic , Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. xi + 263, £50.SrividhyaSwaminathan, Debating the Slave Trade: Rhetoric of British National Identity, 1759–1815 , Ashgate, 2009, pp. xiii+245, £50.CatherineJ. Golden, Posting It, The Victorian Revolution in Letter Writing , University Press of Florida, 2009, pp xvii + 299, $69.95.ValerieSanders, The Tragi-Comedy of Victorian Fatherhood , Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. xii + 246, £50.KateFlint, The Transatlantic Indian, 1776–1930 , Princeton University Press, 2009, pp. xv + 376, $39.50.AngelaV. John, Evelyn Sharp, Rebel Woman, 1869–1955 Manchester University Press, 2009 pp xv + 281, £15.99 pb.KarenLeick, Gertrude Stein and the Making of an American Celebrity , Routledge, 2009, pp. xiii + 242, £65.PeterBrooker and ThackerAndrew (eds), The Oxford Critical and Cultural History of Modernist Magazines , Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. xvii + 955, £95.LiamHarte (ed.), The Literature of the Irish in Britain: Autobiography and Memoir, 1725–2001 , Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, pp. xl + 301, £55.HandSeán, Emmanuel Levinas , Routledge (Routledge Critical Thinkers Series), 2009, pp. xiv + 138, £55.00, £12.99 pb." Literature & History 19, no. 2 (November 2010): 87–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/lh.19.2.6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anglo-Saxon Slavery"

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Delvaux, Matthew C. "Transregional Slave Networks of the Northern Arc, 700–900 C.E.:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108583.

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Thesis advisor: Robin Fleming
This dissertation charts the movement of slaves from Western Europe, through Scandinavia, and into the frontiers of the Caliphate, a movement which took shape in the early 700s and flourished into the late 800s. The victims of this movement are well attested in texts from either end of their journey, and the movement of everyday things allows us to trace the itineraries they followed. Necklace beads—produced in the east, carried to the north, and worn in the west—serve as proxies for human traffic that traveled the same routes in opposite directions. Attention to this traffic overcomes four impasses—between regional particularism and interregional connectivity; between attention to exchange and focus on production; between privileging textual or material evidence; and between definitions of slavery that obscure practices of enslavement. The introduction outlines problems of studying medieval slavery with regard to transregional approaches to the Middle Ages, the transition to serfdom, and the use of material evidence. Chapter One gathers narrative texts previously dealt with anecdotally to establish patterns for the Viking-Age slave trade, with eastward traffic thriving by the late 800s. Chapter Two confirms these patterns by graphically comparing viking violence to reports of captive taking in the annals and archival documents of Ireland, Francia, and Anglo-Saxon England. Chapter Three investigates how viking captive taking impacted Western societies and the creation of written records in Carolingian Europe. Chapter Four turns to the material record, using beads to trace the intensity and flow of human traffic that fed from early viking violence. Chapter Five establishes a corresponding demand for slaves in the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate through Arabic archival, legal, historical, and geographic texts. The conclusion places this research in the context of global history. By spanning periods, regions, and disciplines, this dissertation brings to focus people who crossed boundaries unwillingly, but whose movements contributed to epochal change
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
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Jarc, Jaka. "Rights and obligations : conceptions of social relations viewed through the treatment of possessions in the Biblical poems of Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Junius XI." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19349.

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My thesis examines social conceptions framing rights and obligations by reviewing how possessions are used and exchanged in the poems of MS Junius XI. I identify several major additions to the scriptural source material of the poetic narrative where the poems present a unique treatment of possessions in a social environment. These poetic additions often feature novel combinations of events and even entirely new sub-stories. In reviewing these departures I focus specifically on possessions and examine how they frame the rights and obligations within social interactions. Focusing on objects of social exchange enables the discussion of the literary narrative to relate to secondary historical literature on possessions as well as social conceptions. This has not yet been done for the poems of Junius XI. This thesis is divided into four thematic chapters ordered from the most tangible to the most abstract: moveable objects, landed possessions, degrees of possession of people, and abstract notions of authority framing social interactions tied to holding and exchanging possessions. In chapter two moveable possessions will be discussed in relation to social status, cultural identity, exchange and hierarchy. The third chapter will examine the interplay between the allegorical and practical notions of land possession. The fourth chapter will discuss social hierarchy framed as a range of rights and obligations discussing to what degree people are themselves treated as possessions. The discussion will examine what types and levels of relative personal freedom is detectable in the Junius XI poems. The final chapter will amalgamate findings and issues of the previous chapters by examining how the exchange and treatment of possessions impact various types of authority which frame social interactions, hierarchies and values.
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Boiché, Olga. "IM'A et NAME : etude comparée des anthroponymes germaniques et slaves et leurs plus anciennes manifestations chez les Anglo-Saxons et les Russes." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040205.

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Le présent travail constitue une analyse philologique et historique des plus anciens anthroponymes germaniques et slaves. Le corpus est composé d’anthroponymes germaniques attestés avant la fin du 5e siècle, d’anthroponymes germaniques féminins attestés avant la fin du 7e siècle, d’anthroponymes anglo-saxons attestés avant la fin du 9e siècle, d’anthroponymes slaves attestés avant la fin du 9e siècle et d’anthroponymes russes attestés avant la fin du 14e siècle. Ont été analysées les notions cultuelles et culturelles exprimées dans les noms personnels et partagées par deux peuples, tels que : la sacralité des héros élus par les dieux, la vénération des ancêtres et la croyance en leur renaissance, la croyance en les femmes-gardiennes, les esprits tutélaires, le désir et le souhait de richesse pour la descendance. La croyance en la force protectrice des anthroponymes apotropaïques est analysée sur l’exemple des noms exprimant des émotions négatives par rapport à l’enfant, des anthroponymes se rapportant au loup et des anthroponymes à caractère obscène. L’analyse des noms des femmes germaniques et slaves a permis d’expliquer la prédominance des anthroponymes belliqueux chez les premières et l’absence de ceux-ci chez les deuxièmes
The present dissertation is a philological and historical analysis of the oldest Germanic and Slavic given names. The corpus comprises the Germanic names attested before the end of the 5th century, the names of Germanic women attested before the end of the 7th century, the Slavic names attested before the end of the 9th century and the Russian names attested before the end of the 14th century. I analyse the cultic et cultural notions expressed in the personal names and shared by both traditions such as: sacrality of the hero chosen by gods, veneration of the ancestors and belief in their rebirth, belief in female guardian spirits, the desire and hope of wealth for the progeny. The belief in the protective force of the apotropaic names isanalysed from examples of names expressing negative emotions toward the child, names referring to a wolf and names with an obscene meaning. The close examination of German and Slavic female names reveals and explains the predominance of warlike anthroponomical themes among the former and their absence among the latter
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Books on the topic "Anglo-Saxon Slavery"

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Alfred, King of England, 849-899. and Turk Milton Haight 1866-1949, eds. The legal code of Ælfred the Great. Clark, N.J: Lawbook Exchange, 2004.

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Godreau, Isar P. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038907.003.0009.

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This concluding chapter presents the four key discursive processes and scripts that may be pertinent to other sites and regions racialized as black across Afro-Latin America. First is the systematic use of “black” as a category that people attach to spaces and communities via metaphors and symbols that racialize particular communities and bodies, while constructing the rest of the nation as nonblack. Second, discourses of benevolent slavery bolster the racialization of such communities as exceptional by creating sites of “condensed slavery,” where the historical effects of bondage are exaggerated and simplified by a politics of erasure. Third, discourses of Hispanicity support such scripts of the celebrated “exceptional” black community by placing a high premium on the concept of culture—particularly Hispanic culture—as the defining element that differentiates national Puerto Rican whiteness from foreign U.S. Anglo-Saxon whiteness. Fourth, constructions of Hispanic whiteness as culturally normative confine the significance of Africa to biological qualities associated with the body—specifically blood or the dark color of the skin.
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Book chapters on the topic "Anglo-Saxon Slavery"

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Brink, Stefan. "Slavery in Europe during Antiquity and the First Millennium." In Thraldom, 31–69. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532355.003.0003.

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In this chapter I give an overview of research on slavery (for some parts) of Western Europe in the first Millennium: The Roman Empire, Francia, Anglo-Saxon England, Ireland and Visigothic Spain. The difficulties of properly defining the legal status—whether free or unfree—for terms such as coloni, villani, bordari, cottari, famulus, servus etc. are discussed, and it is shown that in some areas and during some periods the legal status can differ. This is to serve as a background for our discussion of a Scandinavian slavery.
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Márkus, Gilbert. "‘Justice and Peace have embraced’ (Psalm 84: 11)." In Conceiving a Nation. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748678983.003.0005.

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It is possible to identify and compare elements of laws from Gaelic, British and Anglo-Saxon traditions - though the laws themselves are not all from Scotland itself, the legal traditions were all represented here to varying degrees. (Nothing survives of Pictish law.) The nature of these early medieval laws is discussed – laws created in the absence of a legislature, and where enforcement is worked out through the negotiations of a community. Legal processes and their rationales are described, including compensation and its variation according to gravity of offence and the status of the victim of crime. Hierarchy and status are key to understanding the lives of communities, and are discussed in the different legal traditions, examining the range of status from lordship to slavery. Laws rooted in kinship and inheritance are also important, and kinship (both natural and artificial) is discussed. Finally, while women are very poorly represented in most historical sources of our period, the laws enable us to form some picture of their lives and their place in society.
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Brady, Lindy. "The ‘dark Welsh’ as slaves and slave raiders in Exeter Book riddles 52 and 721." In Writing the Welsh Borderlands in Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784994198.003.0004.

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Chapter three argues that a group of Old English riddles located in the borderlands between Anglo-Saxon England and Wales reflect a common regional culture by depicting shared values of a warrior elite across the ostensible Anglo-Welsh divide. These riddles, which link the ‘dark Welsh’ to agricultural labour, have long been understood to depict the Welsh as slaves and thus reflect Anglo-Saxon awareness of both ethnic and social division. Drawing upon understudied Welsh legal material, this chapter argues that these riddles have a multilayered solution in which the Welsh are both slaves and slave traders, complicating readings of negative Anglo/Welsh relations. This polysemic solution reveals that the Welsh, like the Anglo-Saxons, were stratified by class into the enslaved and a warrior elite with less distance from the Anglo-Saxons than has been understood. The location of these riddles on the mearc further characterises the Welsh borderlands in the early period as a distinctive region which was notorious for cattle raiding. These riddles counter the common perception that the Welsh borderlands were defined by Offa’s Dyke, suggesting that this region is better understood as a space which both Anglo-Saxons and Welsh permeated on raids.
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Brady, Lindy. "The ‘dark Welsh’ as slaves and slave raiders in Exeter Book riddles 52 and 72." In Writing the Welsh borderlands in Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526115744.00009.

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Rippon, Stephen. "The native British." In Kingdom, Civitas, and County. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759379.003.0016.

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By the fourth century AD, the landscape of Roman Britain was densely settled and archaeological surveys and excavations have consistently shown that most lowland areas supported farming communities, including on the heavier claylands (Smith et al. 2016). Thereafter the character of the archaeological record changes dramatically with the appearance of settlements, cemeteries, and material culture whose ‘Anglo-Saxon’ cultural affinities lay in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia (Chapters 8–9). All too often, however, ‘Anglo-Saxon’ England is discussed in a way that implies that settlements characterized by Grubenhäuser and cemeteries furnished with Germanic grave goods were characteristic of the whole of eastern England (e.g. Welch 1992; Lucy 2000; Tipper 2004; Hamerow 2012), whereas detailed local studies have suggested that this was not the case. In areas such as Sussex (Welch 1983) and Lincolnshire (Green 2012) evidence for Anglo-Saxon colonization has only been found in certain parts of the landscape, and the potential reasons for ‘blank’ spots in the distribution of Anglo-Saxon settlement are complex: they may in part simply reflect areas where there has been less archaeological investigation, or that these areas were unattractive for settlement. There is, however, another possibility: that these distributions are not a record of where people were and were not living, but a reflection of how the cultural identity of early medieval communities varied from area to area, and that some of these identities are archaeologically less visible than others. There has long been speculation that at least some of the ‘blank areas’ in the distributions of Anglo-Saxon settlements and cemeteries reflect the places where native British populations remained in control of the landscape. West (1985, 168), for example, noted the lack of early Anglo-Saxon settlement on the East Anglian claylands, and speculated that this is where a substantial Romano- British population remained: ‘did they survive somehow, perhaps in a basically aceramic condition, or were they, in the main, drawn to the new settlements on the lighter soils to become slaves or some subordinate stratum of society, as indicated by later documentary evidence, or was the population drastically reduced by pestilence or genocide?’ (West 1985, 168).
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Lemanski, S. Jay. "Slave or Free: The Aehtemann in Anglo-Saxon Rural Society." In The Haskins Society Journal 29, 53–80. Boydell and Brewer Limited, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781787443181.003.

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