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1
Shinde, Vrushali, Shivani Sandhanshiv, Poonam Suryawanshi, and Lodha G.M. "Survey Report on Hospital Management System." Journal of Advancement in Parallel Computing 5, no. 3 (2023): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7540273.
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An organized computer system designed and programmed to manage the day-to-day operations and activities of the hospital is known as a hospital management system. Inpatients, outpatients, records, database treatments, illness status, and pharmacy and laboratory billings can all be examined by the program. Additionally, it keeps up with the clinic's data, For example, WARD ID, Specialists IN Control AND Office Overseeing. The primary issue that patients face today is not being able to access their report when they are outside of the hospital, despite the fact that many hospitals keep reports in their systems. We will provide the additional facility necessary to store the report in the database and make it accessible from anywhere in the world as part of this project.
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Wang, Li Ling, Jin Zhuang Xiao, Hong Rui Wang, Xiu Ling Liu, and Zheng Gao. "Development of a Parallel-Series Stabilized Platform System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.414.
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This document designed a stabilized platform of 2-DOF spherical parallel mechanism with 1-DOF in series. DC servo motors are adopted as the driver of the mechanism. The system uses an inertial gyro sensor as the feedback of the angular position. Software and hardware of the platform were developed. The full closed-loops control structure based on Advantech IPC with NI multifunction data acquisition card(PCI-6230), including current loop, velocity loop and angular position loop, gets wide speed range and high precision for angular tracking. Control software was the Matlab with embedded real-time QuaRC. Experiment results meet the technical index and precision requirement, and illustrate the practicability and effectiveness of the scheme.
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Launhardt, Ralf. "Fragmentation of a Protostellar Core: The Case of CB 230." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 200 (2001): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900225126.
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The Bok globule CB230 (L1177) contains an active, low-mass star-forming core which is associated with a double NIR reflection nebula, a collimated bipolar molecular outflow, and strong mm continuum emission. The morphology of the NIR nebula suggests the presence of a deeply embedded, wide binary protostellar system. High-angular resolution observations now reveal the presence of two sub-cores, two distinct outflow centers, and an embedded accretion disk associated with the western bipolar NIR nebula. Judging from the separation and specific angular momentum, the CB230 double protostar system probably results from core fragmentation and will end up at the upper end of the pre-main sequence binary separation distribution.
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Brunngräber, Robert, and Sebastian Wolf. "Constraints on observing brightness asymmetries in protoplanetary disks at solar system scale." Astronomy & Astrophysics 611 (March 2018): A90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731907.
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We have quantified the potential capabilities of detecting local brightness asymmetries in circumstellar disks with the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) in the mid-infrared wavelength range. The study is motivated by the need to evaluate theoretical models of planet formation by direct observations of protoplanets at early evolutionary stages, when they are still embedded in their host disk. Up to now, only a few embedded candidate protoplanets have been detected with semi-major axes of 20–50 au. Due to the small angular separation from their central star, only long-baseline interferometry provides the angular resolving power to detect disk asymmetries associated to protoplanets at solar system scales in nearby star-forming regions. In particular, infrared observations are crucial to observe scattered stellar radiation and thermal re-emission in the vicinity of embedded companions directly. For this purpose we performed radiative transfer simulations to calculate the thermal re-emission and scattered stellar flux from a protoplanetary disk hosting an embedded companion. Based on that, visibilities and closure phases are calculated to simulate observations with the future beam combiner MATISSE, operating at the L, M and N bands at the VLTI. We find that the flux ratio of the embedded source to the central star can be as low as 0.5 to 0.6% for a detection at a feasible significance level due to the heated dust in the vicinity of the embedded source. Furthermore, we find that the likelihood for detection is highest for sources at intermediate distances r ≈ 2–5 au and disk masses not higher than ≈10−4 M⊙.
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Saidi, P., T. Frolov, J. J. Hoyt, and M. Asta. "An angular embedded atom method interatomic potential for the aluminum–silicon system." Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 22, no. 5 (2014): 055010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/22/5/055010.
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Dizioli, F. A. S., P. H. A. Barra, T. S. Menezes, V. A. Lacerda, D. V. Coury, and R. A. S. Fernandes. "Multi-agent system-based microgrid protection using angular variation: An embedded approach." Electric Power Systems Research 220 (July 2023): 109324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2023.109324.
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Vailhé, C., and D. Farkas. "Shear faults and dislocation core structures in B2 CoAl." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 10 (1997): 2559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0340.
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Interatomic potentials of the embedded atom and embedded defect type were derived for the Co–Al system by empirical fitting to the properties of the B2 CoAl phase. The embedded atom potentials reproduced most of the properties needed, except that, in using this method, the elastic constants cannot be fitted exactly because CoAl has a negative Cauchy pressure. In order to overcome this limitation and fit the elastic constants correctly, angular forces were added using the embedded defect technique. The effects of angular forces to the embedded atom potentials were seen in the elastic constants, particularly C44. Planar fault energies changed up to 30% in the {110} and {112} γ surfaces and the vacancy formation energies were also very sensitive to the non-central forces. Dislocation core structures and Peierls stress values were computed for the 〈100〉 and 〈111〉 dislocations without angular forces. As a general result, the dislocations with a planar core moved for critical stress values below 250 MPa in contrast with the nonplanar cores for which the critical stress values were above 1500 MPa. The easiest dislocations to move were the 1/2〈111〉 edge superpartials, and the overall preferred slip plane was {110}. These results were compared with experimental observations in CoAl and previously simulated dislocations in NiAl.
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Mohamud Ahmed, Musse, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, and Mohammad Shafiq. "Development of Automatic Solar Tracking System for Small Solar Energy System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16664.
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The main purpose of this paper is to present a novel idea that is based on design and development of an automatic solar tracker system that tracks the Sun's energy for maximum energy output achievement. In this paper, a novel automatic solar tracking system has been developed for small-scale solar energy system. The hardware part and programming part have been concurrently developed in order for the solar tracking system to be possible for it to operate accurately. Arduino Uno R3, Sensor Shield V4 Digital Analog Module, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), MPU-6050 6DOF 3 Axis Gyroscope has been used for tracking the angular sun movement as shown in Fig. 1. Accelerometer, High-Efficiency Solar Panel, and Tower Pro MG90S Servo Motor have been used for the hardware part. High-level programming language has been embedded in the hardware to operate the tracking system effectively. The tracking system has shown significant improvement of energy delivery to solar panel comparing to the conventional method. All the results will be shown in the full paper. There are three contributions the research presented in this paper which are, i.e. perfect tracking system, the comparison between the static and tracking system and the development of Gyroscope angular movement system which tracks the angular movement of the sun along with another tracking system.
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Sridharan, Moorthi, and Sairam Dhandapani. "Real time embedded system development for missile angular position acquisition through image processing." CSI Transactions on ICT 8, no. 2 (2020): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40012-020-00305-4.
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Toda, Haruki, Kiyohiro Omori, Katsuya Fukui, and Takaaki Chin. "Measurement of Trunk Movement during Sit-to-Stand Motion Using Laser Range Finders: A Preliminary Study." Sensors 23, no. 4 (2023): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042022.
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The sit-to-stand (STS) motion evaluates physical functions in frail older adults. Mounting sensors or using a camera is necessary to measure trunk movement during STS motion. Therefore, we developed a simple measurement method by embedding laser range finders in the backrests and seats of chairs that can be used in daily life situations. The objective of this study was to validate the performance of the proposed measurement method in comparison with that of the optical motion capture (MoCap) system during STS motion. The STS motions of three healthy young adults were simultaneously measured under seven conditions using a chair with embedded sensors and the optical MoCap system. We evaluated the waveform similarity, absolute error, and relationship of the trunk joint angular excursions between these measurement methods. The experimental results indicated high waveform similarity in the trunk flexion phase regardless of STS conditions. Furthermore, a strong relationship was observed between the two measurement methods with respect to the angular excursion of the trunk flexion. Although the angular excursion of the trunk extension exhibited a large error, the developed chair with embedded sensors evaluated trunk flexion during the STS motion, which is a characteristic of frail older adults.
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Li, Jian, and Bingyu Sun. "LabVIEW-based rotary balance data synchronization acquisition system design." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2787, no. 1 (2024): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2787/1/012013.
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Abstract To solve the problem that many high-precision rotating balance bridge output signals and angular phase signals need to be measured synchronously in wind tunnel force measurement experiments, a rotating balance data synchronization acquisition system is designed based on LabVIEW and NI PXIe acquisition board. LabVIEW graphical programming is applied, combined with STM32F407VET6 processor embedded development of the timing divider, using the equal interval method to obtain the required synchronization trigger signals and use them as the digital trigger signals of the NI PXIe acquisition card. In addition, multi-threaded programming technology is used to develop the upper computer software to realize the storage, display, and analysis of the collected data. The test proved that the system has high testing accuracy, a short development cycle, embedded visualization development is easy to debug, stable operation, and real-time and reliable data synchronization acquisition.
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Lou, Zhi-Feng, Xiu-Peng Hao, Yin-Di Cai, Tien-Fu Lu, Xiao-Dong Wang, and Kuang-Chao Fan. "An Embedded Sensor System for Real-Time Detecting 5-DOF Error Motions of Rotary Stages." Sensors 19, no. 13 (2019): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132855.
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The geometric error motions of rotary stages greatly affect the accuracy of constructed machines such as machine tools, measuring instruments, and robots. In this paper, an embedded sensor system for real-time measurement of two radial and three angular error motions of a rotary stage is proposed, which makes use of a rotary encoder with multiple scanning heads to measure the rotational angle and two radial error motions and a miniature autocollimator to measure two tilt angular errors of the axis of rotation. The assembly errors of the grid disc of the encoder and the mirror for autocollimator are also evaluated and compensated. The developed measuring device can be fixed inside the rotary stage. In the experiments, radial error motions of two points on the axis (h = 5 mm and 60 mm) were measured and calibrated with LVDTs, and the data showed that the radial error motions of the axis were less than 20 μm, and the calibration residual errors were less than 2 μm. When intermittent external forces were applied to the stage, the change of the stage’s error motion could also be monitored accurately.
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Cortés, Griselda, José Rodríguez, María Vargas, et al. "Geodesic Embedded System for Real-Time Tracking and Communication Offline." International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics 13, no. 4 (2022): 26–35. https://doi.org/10.61467/2007.1558.2022.v13i4.319.
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Nowadays, hybrid (air and land) systems are applied for solving syndemic problems, which have caused millions of deaths by COVID-19. In support to military and medical communications with tracking in real-time, public, or private security of objects and people, we propose a multiplatform Geodesic Embedded System for Real-Time Tracking and communication offline. The Middleware was built with Encrypted Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and DB async replication. It was built under a client-server architecture of multi-Tiers and logical multilayers, was developed with Nodejs-Express-Angular with Object Relational Mapping and Data Transfer Object with PostgreSQL. Generally, tracking systems with GNSS technology are slow without a base architecture and adequate development tools and require an internet connection in some of their stages. The proposed system was tested with other applications; it used Geoserver and Dockers in two different environments. The results showed its functionality in different situations applied in problems of aeronautic and terrestrial tracking, guaranteeing a projection of personalized geodetic maps, and OpenStreetMap used in an agile way, efficient, and secure communication in real-time. The proposed architecture allows native development, integration of new modules, and cross-platform implementation in an easy way, and a cellular transceiver with 94.6% of efficiency. The proposed architecture, permit to use the application in different platforms with the same configuration.
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Wang, Yibo. "Error compensation analysis of time-grid angular displacement sensor." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 53 (June 30, 2023): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v53i.9706.
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The time-grid angular displacement sensor is an advanced angular displacement measurement device widely used in various precision instruments, industrial control systems, and robotics, with high accuracy, fast response, strong anti-interference ability, and long life. In this paper, the sensing mechanism of the embedded time-grid angular displacement sensor is used to analyze the compensation effects of Harmonic error compensation, HHT-ELM Error Compensation, PSO-BP neural network error compensation, and Multi-step compensation effects of Harmonic error compensation, HHT-ELM Error Compensation, PSO-BP neural network error compensation, and Multi-step calibration method are analyzed and compared to find that the Multi-step calibration method has the best compensation effect but the compensation system is complex and suitable for places with high accuracy requirements. compensation, HHT-ELM error compensation, and Harmonic error compensation. and as the compensation effect decreases the compensation method also tends to be simpler.
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Chen, Ying Shu, Li Bing Liu, Qing Kai Jiang, Ze Qing Yang, and Kai Peng. "Calibration Methods of an On-Line Inspection System on a Large-Scale Turning-Milling Machining Center." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1253.
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To improve the accuracy of the on-line inspection system used by a large-scale turning-milling machining center, its error sources were analyzed and some calibration methods were researched, including error calibration in Z, Y, -X and any angular directions. The error compensation method based on embedded HMI control and CNC variables control was proposed. The EN86N touch system with TT25G probe of Marposs is calibrated on the five-axis turning-milling machining center HTM125. The experiments improved that the calibration methods and the compensation method are reasonable and effective.
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Mehta, Prof Suneet. "Design & Fabrication of Digital Angle Gauge using Arduino Nano." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 4 (2025): 4492–95. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.69270.
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Accurate angular measurement is a critical requirement in various engineering and scientific domains, including robotics, structural analysis, and biomedical instrumentation. Traditional mechanical angle measurement tools, though reliable, suffer from limitations such as wear, backlash, parallax error, and a lack of real-time data integration. This paper proposes the design and development of a compact, digital angular gauge leveraging the Arduino Nano microcontroller and MPU6050 accelerometer module. The system translates tilt orientation into realtime digital readings with high sensitivity and low latency, displayed via a 0.96" OLED screen. The proposed design ensures miniaturization, cost-effectiveness, and robust performance, making it suitable for portable or embedded applications. The developed system was tested under static and dynamic conditions to validate linearity, repeatability, and accuracy, and results showed a mean error of less than 0.5° compared to reference instruments. This paper details the theoretical background, system architecture, calibration strategies, and validation procedures, establishing a new paradigm for affordable digital angle measurement.
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Fiestas, José, and Rainer Spurzem. "Dynamical evolution of rotating globular clusters with embedded black holes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S238 (2006): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307005467.
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AbstractEvolution of rotating globular clusters with embedded black holes is presented. The interplay between velocity diffusion due to relaxation and black hole star accretion is followed together with cluster rotation, using 2-dimensional, in energy and z-component of angular momentum, Fokker Planck numerical methods. Gravogyro and gravothermal instabilities drive the system to a faster evolution leading to shorter collapse times and a faster cluster dissolution in the tidal field of a parent galaxy.Angular momentum transport and star accretion support the development of central rotation in relaxation time scales. Two-dimensional distribution (in the meridional plane) of kinematical and structural parameters (density, dispersions, rotation) are reproduced, with the aim to enable the use of set of models for comparison with observational data.
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Fiestas, J., O. Porth, and R. Spurzem. "Dynamical Evolution of Rotating Globular Clusters with Embedded Black Holes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S246 (2007): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308015524.
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AbstractEvolution of self-gravitating rotating dense stellar systems (e.g. globular clusters) with embedded black holes is investigated. The interplay between velocity diffusion due to relaxation and black hole star accretion is followed together with cluster differential rotation using 2D+1 Fokker Planck numerical methods. The models can reproduce the Bahcall-Wolf f ∝ E1/4 (∝ r−7/4) cusp inside the zone of influence of the black hole. Angular momentum transport and star accretion processes support the development of central rotation in relaxation time scales, before re-expansion and cluster dissolution due to mass loss in the tidal field of a parent galaxy. Gravogyro and gravothermal instabilities conduce the system to a faster evolution leading to shorter collapse times with respect to models without black hole.
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Olmedo-García, Luis F., José R. García-Martínez, Edson E. Cruz-Miguel, Omar A. Barra-Vázquez, Mario Gónzalez-Lee, and Trinidad Martínez-Sánchez. "Real-Time Embedded System-Based Approach for Sensing Power Consumption on Motion Profiles." Electronics 12, no. 18 (2023): 3853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183853.
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This paper discusses the energy consumption of three parabolic, trapezoidal, and S-curve profiles when implemented using an embedded system. In addition, it presents an alternative methodology for implementing motion controllers using an Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) microcontroller, which computes the trajectory and performs the control action in hard real-time. We experimented using a linear plant composed of a direct current (DC) motor coupled to an endless screw where a carriage was mounted. It can move mechanically along a rail at a distance of 1.16 m. A 4096 pulses per revolution (PPR) encoder was connected to the motor to calculate position and angular velocity. A Hall-effect-based current sensor was used to assess energy consumption. We conducted 40 tests for each profile to compare the energy consumption for the three motion profiles, considering cases with and without load on the carriage. We determined that the parabolic profile provides 22.19% lower energy consumption than the other profiles considered in this study, whereas the S-curve profile exhibited the highest energy consumption.
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Hikmah, Nada Fitrieyatul, Rachmad Setiawan, Nafila Cahya Andanis, and Aldo Pranata. "Enhanced embedded system for various synthetic electrocardiogram generation using McSharry’s dynamic equation." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 15, no. 2 (2025): 1620. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v15i2.pp1620-1631.
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n electrocardiogram (ECG) is a signal that describes the heart’s electrical activity. Signal processing techniques are necessary to extract meaningful information from ECG signals. Researchers often use large databases like the PhysioNet database to evaluate the performance of algorithms. However, these databases have limitations concerning the lack of temporal or morphological variations. This study addresses this limitation by introducing a synthetic ECG capable of producing both normal 12-lead ECG signals and abnormal ECG signals and implementing it into the microcontroller. The primary contribution involves developing a synthetic ECG model using McSharry's dynamic equation model and implementing it using Mikromedia 5 for STM32F4 Capacitive as a microcontroller. This model enables users to set the desired heart rate and accurately replicates ECG waveforms using parameters 𝑎𝑖, 𝑏𝑖, and 𝜃𝑖, each determines the peak’s magnitude, the peak’s time duration, and the angular velocity of the trajectory. The synthetic ECG was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, demonstrating waveform similarity to the ECG signals. This study implies that the synthetic ECG model serves as a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners in electrocardiography. It enables the generation of normal and abnormal ECG signals, aiding in algorithm development and potentially enhancing the understanding and diagnosis of heart conditions.
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Hikmah, Nada Fitrieyatul, Rachmad Setiawan, Nafila Cahya Andanis, and Aldo Pranata. "Enhanced embedded system for various synthetic electrocardiogram generation using McSharry's dynamic equation." Enhanced embedded system for various synthetic electrocardiogram generation using McSharry's dynamic equation 15, no. 2 (2025): 1620–31. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v15i2.pp1620-1631.
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An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a signal that describes the heart’s electrical activity. Signal processing techniques are necessary to extract meaningful information from ECG signals. Researchers often use large databases like the PhysioNet database to evaluate the performance of algorithms. However, these databases have limitations concerning the lack of temporal or morphological variations. This study addresses this limitation by introducing a synthetic ECG capable of producing both normal 12-lead ECG signals and abnormal ECG signals and implementing it into the microcontroller. The primary contribution involves developing a synthetic ECG model using McSharry's dynamic equation model and implementing it using Mikromedia 5 for STM32F4 Capacitive as a microcontroller. This model enables users to set the desired heart rate and accurately replicates ECG waveforms using parameters 𝑎𝑖, 𝑏𝑖, and 𝜃𝑖, each determines the peak’s magnitude, the peak’s time duration, and the angular velocity of the trajectory. The synthetic ECG was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, demonstrating waveform similarity to the ECG signals. This study implies that the synthetic ECG model serves as a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners in electrocardiography. It enables the generation of normal and abnormal ECG signals, aiding in algorithm development and potentially enhancing the understanding and diagnosis of heart conditions.
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Deriglazov, A. A. "Variational problem for Hamiltonian system on so(k, m) Lie–Poisson manifold and dynamics of semiclassical spin." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 10 (2014): 1450048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314500485.
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We describe the procedure for obtaining Hamiltonian equations on a manifold with so (k, m) Lie–Poisson bracket from a variational problem. This implies identification of the manifold with base of a properly constructed fiber bundle embedded as a surface into the phase space with canonical Poisson bracket. Our geometric construction underlies the formalism used for construction of spinning particles in [A. A. Deriglazov, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 28, 1250234 (2013); Ann. Phys. 327, 398 (2012); Phys. Lett. A 376, 309 (2012)], and gives precise mathematical formulation of the oldest idea about spin as the "inner angular momentum".
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Rocha, Rui Pedro Leitão da Silva, Marcio Luís Munhoz Amorim, Melkzedekue Alcântara Moreira, et al. "The Development and Validation of a High-Resolution Photonic and Wireless System for Knee Gait Cycle Monitoring." Applied System Innovation 8, no. 3 (2025): 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi8030080.
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This paper presents the development and validation of a high-resolution photonic and wireless monitoring system for knee-referenced gait cycle analysis. The proposed system integrates a single optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor with a resonance wavelength of 1547.76 nm and electronic modules with inertial and magnetic sensors, achieving a 10 p.m. wavelength resolution and 1° angular accuracy. The innovative combination of these components enables a direct correlation between wavelength variations and angular measurements without requiring goniometers or motion capture systems. The system’s practicality and versatility were demonstrated through tests with seven healthy individuals of varying physical attributes, showcasing consistent performance across different scenarios. The FBG sensor, embedded in a polymeric foil and attached to an elastic knee band, maintained full sensing capabilities while allowing easy placement on the knee. The wireless modules, positioned above and below the knee, accurately measured the angle formed by the femur and tibia during the gait cycle. The experimental prototype validated the system’s effectiveness in providing precise and reliable knee kinematics data for clinical and sports-related applications.
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SANTHI KUMARI, D., VENKATA SUBRAHMANYAM SAJJA, and P. M. KISHORE. "Effects of viscous dissipative MHD fluid flow past a moving vertical plate with rotating system embedded in porous medium." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 28, no. 3 (2023): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.59441/ijame/172901.
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An incompressible unsteady free convective viscous MHD rotating flow past a moving plate embedded in a porous medium is considered with the influence of viscous dissipation, heat source effects. It is assumed that the flow rotates with angular velocity which is normal to the plate and also that a transverse magnetic field is applied along the normal to the plate. Appropriate dimensionless quantities are applied to change the governing equations into dimensionless form. Then the equations are solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. Some important characteristics of the fluid are studied. The results are in good agreement with the available literature.
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Schaer, Alessandro, Oskar Helander, Francesco Buffa, et al. "Integrated Pedal System for Data Driven Rehabilitation." Sensors 21, no. 23 (2021): 8115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238115.
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We present a system capable of providing visual feedback for ergometer training, allowing detailed analysis and gamification. The presented solution can easily upgrade any existing ergometer device. The system consists of a set of pedals with embedded sensors, readout electronics and wireless communication modules and a tablet device for interaction with the users, which can be mounted on any ergometer, transforming it into a full analytical assessment tool with interactive training capabilities. The methods to capture the forces and moments applied to the pedal, as well as the pedal’s angular position, were validated using reference sensors and high-speed video capture systems. The mean-absolute error (MAE) for load is found to be 18.82 N, 25.35 N, 0.153 Nm for Fx, Fz and Mx respectively and the MAE for the pedal angle is 13.2°. A fully gamified experience of ergometer training has been demonstrated with the presented system to enhance the rehabilitation experience with audio visual feedback, based on measured cycling parameters.
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Rossi, Fabio, Paolo Motto Ros, Ricardo Maximiliano Rosales, and Danilo Demarchi. "Embedded Bio-Mimetic System for Functional Electrical Stimulation Controlled by Event-Driven sEMG." Sensors 20, no. 5 (2020): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051535.
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The analysis of the surface ElectroMyoGraphic (sEMG) signal for controlling the Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) therapy is being widely accepted as an active rehabilitation technique for the restoration of neuro-muscular disorders. Portability and real-time functionalities are major concerns, and, among others, two correlated challenges are the development of an embedded system and the implementation of lightweight signal processing approaches. In this respect, the event-driven nature of the Average Threshold Crossing (ATC) technique, considering its high correlation with the muscle force and the sparsity of its representation, could be an optimal solution. In this paper we present an embedded ATC-FES control system equipped with a multi-platform software featuring an easy-to-use Graphical User Interface (GUI). The system has been first characterized and validated by analyzing CPU and memory usage in different operating conditions, as well as measuring the system latency (fulfilling the real-time requirements with a 140 ms FES definition process). We also confirmed system effectiveness, testing it on 11 healthy subjects: The similarity between the voluntary movement and the stimulate one has been evaluated, computing the cross-correlation coefficient between the angular signals acquired during the limbs motion. We obtained high correlation values of 0.87 ± 0.07 and 0.93 ± 0.02 for the elbow flexion and knee extension exercises, respectively, proving good stimulation application in real therapy-scenarios.
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Bandala, Manuel, Tomás Salgado, and Ramón Chávez. "Multi-rate sensor fusion for underwater heading estimation." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 41, no. 4 (2014): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2014-0321.
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Purpose – This paper presents the results of a heading estimation method for a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The output rate of commercially available underwater compasses is typically in the order of a few Hz. Heading frequencies of at least 1 KHz are desirable for navigation and control purposes. Design/methodology/approach – The estimation was performed by fusioning the signals of three inertial sensors: the ROV’s own underwater compass (which operates roughly at 10 Hz or less), the ROV’s embedded gyro and an additional angular rate sensor that provides readings from 1 to 3 KHz. The output signal of the additional angular rate sensor is not part of the proposed Kalman filter. Nonetheless a five-point Newton-Cotes closed integration of such signal is fed into the Kalman filter implementation that performs the required heading estimation at 1 KHz or more. Findings – The proposed Kalman filter implementation is a suitable approach to estimate heading position even though the original compass signal rate is significantly slower than the signal required for both assisted and autonomous control. Research limitations/implications – The estimated heading yield good results in both simulation and experimental environments. Originality/value – The method was embedded in a dedicated 16-bit DSP that handles both the acquisition of the three signals and the heading estimation, hence resulting in a very low-cost solution. The embedded solution was tested in the developed submarine and the obtained high-rate heading parameter is now used by the control system of the ROV.
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Kazed, Boualem, and Abderrezak Guessoum. "A Lyapunov based posture controller for a differential drive mobile robot." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 13, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v13i1.pp1-10.
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Driving a vehicle to a desired position and orientation is one of the most important problems that should be solved in most navigation systems. This paper describes a new complete design and hardware implementation of a two-level controller that will enable a differential drive mobile robot to reach any desired posture starting from any initial position. The first or low-level controller consists of a set of two proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers, running on an embedded system on board of the robot. These controllers provide the required voltages to the motors to make the left and right wheels of the robot rotate with the angular speeds computed by the second or high-level controller, running on a stationary PC system. This second controller is based on the Lyapunov stability theorem to derive two control laws for the kinematic model, used to transform the linear and angular speeds of the unicycle model in terms of left and right rotational speeds, required by the motors. As will be shown later, this architecture provides a very flexible way not only to tune the main controller parameters but also to get access and record all the system states.
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Kazed, Boualem, and Abderrezak Guessoum. "A Lyapunov based posture controller for a differential drive mobile robot." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation 13, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v13i1.pp1-10.
Full textAbstract:
Driving a vehicle to a desired position and orientation is one of the most important problems that should be solved in most navigation systems. This paper describes a new complete design and hardware implementation of a two-level controller that will enable a differential drive mobile robot to reach any desired posture starting from any initial position. The first or low-level controller consists of a set of two proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers, running on an embedded system on board of the robot. These controllers provide the required voltages to the motors to make the left and right wheels of the robot rotate with the angular speeds computed by the second or high-level controller, running on a stationary PC system. This second controller is based on the Lyapunov stability theorem to derive two control laws for the kinematic model, used to transform the linear and angular speeds of the unicycle model in terms of left and right rotational speeds, required by the motors. As will be shown later, this architecture provides a very flexible way not only to tune the main controller parameters but also to get access and record all the system states.
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Estrabis, Thyago, Gabriel Gentil, and Raymundo Cordero. "Development of a Resolver-to-Digital Converter Based on Second-Order Difference Generalized Predictive Control." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020459.
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High-performance motor drives that operate in harsh conditions require an accurate and robust angular position measurement to correctly estimate the speed and reduce the torque ripple produced by angular estimation error. For that reason, a resolver is used in motor drives as a position sensor due to its robustness. A resolver-to-digital converter (RDC) is an observer used to get the angular position from the resolver signals. Most RDCs are based on angle tracking observers (ATOs). On the other hand, generalized predictive control (GPC) has become a powerful tool in developing controllers and observers for industrial applications. However, no GPC-based RDC with zero steady-state error during constant speed operation has been proposed. This paper proposes an RDC based on the second-order difference GPC (SOD-GPC). In SOD-GPC, the second-order difference operator is applied to design a GPC model with two embedded integrators. Thus, the SOD-GPC is used to design a type-II ATO whose steady-state angle estimation error tends to zero during constant speed operation. Simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed RDC system has better performance than other literature approaches.
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Sheu, Jia Shing, Yi Shiang Wang, and Tsong Liang Huang. "Implementation of Indoor Wireless Positioning System in an Omni-Wheel Robot Based on Gyroscope." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.126.
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The aims of this paper realize an indoor location system on the navigation of the self-made omni-wheel robot, and use gyroscope to overcome the path deviation problem of travelling omni-wheel robot to make the moving path more accurate. This system includes two parts, the indoor location system algorithm and the control of omni-wheel robot. The gyroscope is adapted to detect the angular speed of vehicle in moving which causes by the external influence factor, using it to control the Omni-wheel robot moving in real time. At the same time, angular velocity integral is the offset from the direction and angle of deflection to control the robot. The result of the experiment using the embedded system-ARM7 is verified. The moving behavior of Omni-wheel robot can be corrected by the gyroscope that occur when vehicles go head deflection problem. The high accuracy positioning information is provided by the indoor wireless positioning system. It also reaches a large flexibility in the space in which automatic guidance within an acceptable range and the required accuracy of losing the position. In this research, one kind of efficient location system by using gyroscope to help the navigation of Omni-wheel robot is realized. And, this structure can make the moving path of Omni-wheel robot to achieve more accurately.
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Chen, Bao, Xiang Fei, Yiming Fan, Yuanhong Dan, and Zehao Huang. "Frame Angular Velocity Control Design of SGCMG for Unmanned Two-Wheeled Motorcycle." Machines 11, no. 3 (2023): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11030371.
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In contrast to driverless cars and other three-wheeled and four-wheeled motorcycle vehicles, driverless two-wheeled motorcycles have the problem of maintaining balance. In this paper, we propose the design of an SGCMG frame angular velocity controller to realize the balance control of the motorcycle under static and dynamic working conditions. Meanwhile, since the roll angular acceleration of the actual body movement of the cross roll cannot be obtained directly, this paper proposes a Kalman filtering method based on the nonlinear dynamics model of the motorcycle to obtain a reliable angular acceleration signal. First, we modeled the dynamics of the motorcycle by analyzing the various types of moments generated by the motorcycle equipped with the SGCMG under static and dynamic conditions; Then, the design of the angular velocity control of the SGCMG frame was carried out with the feedback and through MATLAB/Simulink simulation to restore various types of actual working conditions to verify the controller has good robustness; Finally, we have completed the test of the controller using the above filtering method on the real vehicle with an embedded system and compared the effect with other controllers, obtained the results that the body is stable and balanced under static conditions and the applied load can automatically find a new balance point, so as to prove the effectiveness of the designed control.
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Alves, F. O., P. Caselli, J. M. Girart, et al. "Gas flow and accretion via spiral streamers and circumstellar disks in a young binary protostar." Science 366, no. 6461 (2019): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw3491.
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The majority of stars are part of gravitationally bound stellar systems, such as binaries. Observations of protobinary systems constrain the conditions that lead to stellar multiplicity and subsequent orbital evolution. We report high–angular resolution observations of the circumbinary disk around [BHB2007] 11, a young binary protostar system. The two protostars are embedded in circumstellar disks that have radii of 2 to 3 astronomical units and probably contain a few Jupiter masses. These systems are surrounded by a complex structure of filaments connecting to the larger circumbinary disk. We also observe accretion and radio jets associated with the protobinary system. The accretion is preferentially onto the lower-mass protostar, consistent with theoretical predictions.
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Ming, Li, Meiling Wang, and Ke Ning. "Frequency-Dependent Streaming Potential in a Porous Transducer-Based Angular Accelerometer." Sensors 19, no. 8 (2019): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081780.
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This paper presents a transient model of streaming potential generated when fluid flows through a porous transducer, which is sintered by glass microspheres and embedded in the circular tube of a liquid circular angular accelerometer (LCAA). The streaming potential coupling coefficient (SPC) is used to characterize this proposed transient model by combining a capillary bundle model of a porous transducer with a modified Packard’s model. The modified Packard’s model is developed with the consideration of surface conductance. The frequency-dependent streaming potential is investigated to analyze the effect of structure parameters of porous media and the properties of the fluid, including particle size distribution, zeta potential, surface conductance, pH, and solution conductivity. The results show that the diameter of microspheres not only affects bandwidth and transient response, but also influences the low-frequency gain. In addition, the properties of the fluid can influence the low-frequency gain. Experiments are actualized to measure the steady-state value of permeability and SPC for seven types of porous transducers. Experimental results possess high consistency, which verify that the proposed model can be utilized to optimize the transient and steady-state performance of the system effectively.
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Zhang, Zhizheng, and Yuanhua Yu. "S-type speed control curve based on the number of pulses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2196, no. 1 (2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012038.
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Abstract The stepper motor is a kind of motor that converts electrical pulse signals into corresponding angular displacements or linear displacements, with high accuracy and easy control. According to the characteristics of stepper motor controlled by pulses, this paper designs an S-type speed control method based on the number of pulses, then tests and analyzes it in a motion system which controlled by STM32. The results show that: the change of the speed for the motion system is compared. It is stable and basically conforms to the designed quadratic function curve, and there is no out-of-step phenomenon in the test. While retaining the great stability and acceleration performance of S-type acceleration and deceleration, this control method greatly reduces the calculation difficulty. It is more suitable for microcontrollers and embedded control systems.
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Salgado-Plasencia, Eugenio, Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano, and Manuel Toledano-Ayala. "Development of a DSP Microcontroller-Based Fuzzy Logic Controller for Heliostat Orientation Control." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051598.
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This paper describes the design and implementation of a heliostat orientation control system based on a low-cost microcontroller. The proposed system uses a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with the Center of Sums defuzzification method embedded on a dsPIC33EP256MU806 Digital Signal Processor (DSP), in order to modify the orientation of a heliostat by controlling the angular position of two DC motors connected to the axes of the heliostat. The FLC is compared to a traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller to evaluate the performance of the system. Both the FLC and PID controller were designed for the position control of the heliostat DC motors at no load, and then they were implemented in the orientation control of the heliostat using the same controller parameters. The experimental results show that the FLC has a better performance and flexibility than a traditional PID controller in the orientation control of a heliostat.
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Naren, Akash, and Manoj Kumar D S. "Sensing Vehicle Dynamics Using Drivers Smart Phone to Keep away from Physical Damage." International Journal of Software Engineering and Technologies (IJSET) 1, no. 3 (2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijset.v1i3.4582.
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This paper utilizes Smartphone sensing of vehicle dynamics to determine driver phone use, which can facilitate many traffic safety applications. Our system uses embedded sensors in smart phones, i.e., accelerometers and gyroscopes, to capture differences in centripetal acceleration due to vehicle dynamics These differences combined with angular speed can determine whether the phone is on the left or right side of the vehicle. Despite noisy sensor readings from Smartphone, our approach can achieve a classification accuracy of over 90 percent with a false positive rate of a few percent. We also find that by combining sensing results in a few turns, we can achieve better accuracy (e.g., 95 percent) with a lower false positive rate.
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Bitriá, Ricard, and Jordi Palacín. "Optimal PID Control of a Brushed DC Motor with an Embedded Low-Cost Magnetic Quadrature Encoder for Improved Step Overshoot and Undershoot Responses in a Mobile Robot Application." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 7817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207817.
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The development of a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control system is a simple, practical, highly effective method used to control the angular rotational velocity of electric motors. This paper describes the optimization of the PID control of a brushed DC motor (BDCM) with an embedded low-cost magnetic quadrature encoder. This paper demonstrates empirically that the feedback provided by low-cost magnetic encoders produces some inaccuracies and control artifacts that are not usually considered in simulations, proposing a practical optimization approach in order to improve the step overshoot and undershoot controller response. This optimization approach is responsible for the motion performances of a human-sized omnidirectional mobile robot using three motorized omnidirectional wheels.
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Ibemezie, Ndubuisi, Paul-Darlington, Nwoke Obinna, Julius Egwu Arua, et al. "Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Based Improved Control Design of Electro-Pneumatic Clutch Actuation Control System for Heavy Duty Vehicles." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, no. 10 (2024): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i101299.
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The application of hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy principles of clutch actuation control in enhancing the performance of electro-pneumatic clutch actuation system for heavy duty vehicles is the aim of this presentation. Neuro-Fuzzy is a hybrid design that accommodates the principles of fuzzy Logic and Neural Network in a manner that take advantage of their positive sides. The inability of some heavy-duty vehicles to operate optimally on hilly terrains and which often results in road mishaps are traceable to the inadequacies in conventional clutch actuation control mechanisms. These conventional actuation control techniques provide for routine calibration of clutch actuators after maintenance. Often times, this important requirement of calibration is neglected with attendant ugly consequences. To stem this tide of manual calibration and its obvious defects, an intelligent method of clutch actuation modelled in a hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy control is implemented. Conventional data obtained for errors, speed, torque and power from Mercedes Benz Actros Truck model MP 2, 2031 provided the reference points. These data were embedded into a Simulink block and cascaded into a designed Neuro-Fuzzy Simulink model. Both conventional and Neuro-Fuzzy Simulink model controllers were also simulated. Different percentages of improvements were recorded for piston error, angular speed, engine torque and power respectively. The level and percentage of improvements stood at 0.4821mm or 33.04% decrease for error, increases of 334.1 RPM or 33% for angular speed, 0.0594NM or 33.26% for torque and 2.79W or 16.53% for power respectively.
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Rinaudo, Antonino, and Salvatore Pasta. "Development of a self-pumping extracorporeal blood oxygenation device characterized by a rotating shaft with embedded fiber packages." International Journal of Artificial Organs 43, no. 6 (2019): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398819893380.
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Introduction: To offer respiratory support for patients with lung disease, a novel technological solution for blood pumping and oxygenation is being developed. The pump–lung system was designed to integrate fiber membranes into six packages radially embedded in a rotating hollow shaft placed along the longitudinal axis of the device. Fiber packages are inclined with respect to the rotation axis so that the rotational motion of the rotating shaft allows a self-pumping system to be obtained. Method: Both hemodynamic and gas transfer performances were investigated using both in vitro experiments and in silico flow analyses. Results: The predicted flow velocity in the pump chamber was smooth and characterized by high peripheral velocities near the housing wall. As the blood flow enters the inlet, the static pressure increased with the angular momentum imparted to the fiber packages. Experiments confirmed that the proposed pump–lung system can provide adequate blood flow and oxygen transfer over the range of intended operating conditions (0.5–5 L/min and 500–1500 r/min). Conclusion: Although the study did not include animal testing, the novel pump-oxygenator solution is feasible for respiratory support in patients with lung diseases.
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Byelozyorov, Zh O. "IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF MOBILE DEVICES FOR DETERMINING THE COORDINATES OF SOUND ANOMALIES." Automation of technological and business processes 16, no. 1 (2024): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/atbp.v16i1.2767.
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The simulation of the operation of devices for determining the coordinates of sound anomalies, which is located on board mobile devices of monitoring systems, is considered. The calculation based on the data of the coordinates of sound anomalies, which were measured in the connected coordinate system of a separate device, coordinates in a single basic system, is substantiated. The model of the error calculation process was built and modeled taking into account the influence of the angular velocity of the carrier device for a separate device. It is proposed based on the results of modeling the hardware and software parts of the device.
 This study is devoted to the modeling of devices embedded in mobile monitoring systems designed to detect sound anomalies. These devices play a crucial role in identifying and tracking the coordinates of such anomalies. The research focuses on elucidating the computational methods used to transform the coordinates of sound anomalies, originally measured in a linked coordinate system of individual devices, into coordinates within a single reference system.
 An important aspect of this study is the construction of a model to estimate the error accumulation process. This model takes into account the influence of the angular velocity of the carrier on individual components. By simulating various scenarios, the study aims to accurately quantify and understand the sources of errors inherent in the system.
 In addition, the study offers recommendations for improving the hardware and software components of the device based on the information obtained during the simulation process. These recommendations include hardware additions and strategic reallocation of software components to mitigate errors and improve the overall efficiency and accuracy of audio anomaly detection systems.
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Qu, Yue, and Wenjun Yi. "An Improved Second-Order Sliding Mode Control for an Interception Guidance System without Angular Velocity Measurement." Mathematics 11, no. 11 (2023): 2510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11112510.
Full textAbstract:
It is well-known that the successful implementation of current sliding-mode guidance laws relies on two key points: one is the prior knowledge of the upper bound of the target’s maneuver, and the other is the accurate measurement of motion information. The truth maneuver is usually difficult to acquire and can only be roughly estimated. Measurements are often affected by noise and physical limitations of the onboard sensor. This paper presents an improved second-order sliding-mode guidance law that can handle these two problems simultaneously while addressing the chattering phenomenon, which inherently exists in the sliding mode-based controller. We achieve this by using the estimation from an extended state observer (ESO) and tracking differentiator (TD). In light of the employed ESO, which is utilized to give an estimation of the external disturbance, prior knowledge of the target’s maneuver is not required. Most interestingly, we show that the motion information can be estimated efficiently from the ESO in real time. A TD filter can be further embedded to remove unwanted noise from the detected signal. A series of simulations has been conducted, clearly demonstrating that the estimation accuracy of the ESO is sufficient for the guidance law to implement accurate interception. The TD filter not only removes noise but also avoids the phase-loss problems associated with conventional filters. Moreover, the chattering phenomenon is completely eliminated in the control channel.
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Dritschel, David G. "Point mass dynamics on spherical hypersurfaces." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2158 (2019): 20180349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0349.
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The equations of motion are derived for a system of point masses on the (hyper)surface S n of a sphere embedded in R n + 1 for any dimension n > 1. Owing to the symmetry of the surface, the equations take a particularly simple form when using the Cartesian coordinates of R n + 1 . The constraint that the distance of the j th mass ∥ r j ∥ from the origin remains constant (i.e. each mass remains on the surface) is automatically satisfied by the equations of motion. Moreover, the equations are a Hamiltonian system with a conserved energy as well as a host of conserved angular momenta. Several examples are illustrated in dimensions n = 2 (the sphere) and n = 3 (the glome). This article is part of the theme issue ‘Topological and geometrical aspects of mass and vortex dynamics’.
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Ramli, Hanif, Wahyu Kuntjoro, M. S. Meon, and K. M. Asraf K. Ishak. "Adaptive Active Force Control Application to Twin Rotor Mimo System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.688.
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This paper reports a current study on modeling and simulation of adaptive Active Force Control (AFC) based scheme embedded with an artificial neural network (ANN) and/or fuzzy logic (FL) in response manipulations of the twin rotor multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system (TRMS). TRMS is well known for its non-linear behaviour and common classical control scheme such as Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) would not be adequate to compensate disturbances. The disturbances in this case were as the results of non-linear external and internal parametric changes, namely angular momentum and couple reactions between the two axes of TRMS. The adaptive control algorithm was proposed in both pitch and yaw to generate an optimum control gain for both responses, simulated viz. MATLAB/SIMULINK software Package. The ANN and FL were integrated into the scheme and act as optimum control algorithm in catalyzing the performance of the TRMS. The results from hybrid conditions of PID-AFC, PID-AFC-ANN and PID-AFC-FL respectively were observed and analyzed. From performance evaluation, PID-AFC-FL scheme has demonstrated a potentially robust and effective manipulating capability in trajectory tracking.
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Sai, Jinshi, Hsi-Wei Yen, Nagayoshi Ohashi, et al. "Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). V. Possible Annular Substructure in a Circumstellar Disk in the Ced110 IRS4 System." Astrophysical Journal 954, no. 1 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace52d.
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Abstract We have observed the Class 0/I protostellar system Ced110 IRS4 at an angular resolution of 0.″05 (∼10 au) as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array large program, Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks. The 1.3 mm dust continuum emission reveals that Ced110 IRS4 is a binary system with a projected separation of ∼250 au. The continuum emissions associated with the main source and its companion, named Ced110 IRS4A and IRS4B, respectively, exhibit disk-like shapes and likely arise from dust disks around the protostars. The continuum emission of Ced110 IRS4A has a radius of ∼110 au (∼0.″6) and shows bumps along its major axis with an asymmetry. The bumps can be interpreted as a shallow, ring-like structure at a radius of ∼40 au (∼0.″2) in the continuum emission, as demonstrated from two-dimensional intensity distribution models. A rotation curve analysis on the C18O and 13CO J = 2–1 lines reveals the presence of a Keplerian disk within a radius of 120 au around Ced110 IRS4A, which supports the interpretation that the dust continuum emission arises from a disk. The ring-like structure in the dust continuum emission might indicate a possible annular substructure in the surface density of the embedded disk, although the possibility that it is an apparent structure due to the optically thick continuum emission cannot be ruled out.
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MENDES, R. VILELA. "NEAR-COLLISIONS IN A COULOMB SYSTEM: NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS — A PRELUDE TO HYBRID FUSION." Modern Physics Letters B 07, no. 29n30 (1993): 1929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984993001958.
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In the microcanonical phase space of a classical Coulomb system with positive (D) and negative (e) particles, low-energy near-collisions of two positive particles are dominated by (DeD) configurations. Computed from the area of the energy hypersurface where these events take place, the probability for (DeD) near-collisions is many orders of magnitude above the probability for tunneling through the Coulomb barrier in a (DeD)+ bound state, when e is a light particle. If the Coulomb system is embedded in a metallic lattice, access to the near-collision regions in the phase space is hindered by the regularity of the lattice. One should then expect, at most, intermittent and irreproducible behavior associated to mechanisms like Arnold’s diffusion. Mechanisms to restore ergodicity are proposed. Numerical simulations are performed on a three-body system to compare the observed rate of near-collisions in actual orbits (with random initial conditions) with the phase-space estimates. It is found that local conservation of angular momentum causes large deviations from the phase-space estimates.
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Hyun Kim, Bong. "Implementation of the centralized control system for drone training." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.14190.
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Background/Objectives: The drones became a representative item in the IoT era. However, there is no drone pilot test system that can safely train this in the education field. Drones have very dangerous structural problems, so it is very necessary to practice them easily. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that can control the drones safely and easily while controlling them.Methods/Statistical analysis: In this paper, we will develop software for controlling a dedicated board platform that can securely perform ground testing by mounting four drones of motor and drive on a board (PCB). To this end, we supported various control IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) boards for attitude control by using sensor which is the core technology of drone flight control. Also, Acceleration Data, Angular Velocity Data, Earth Magnetic Field Data, and Atmospheric Pressure Data for maintaining the altitude were used for the drone flight.Findings: In the implemented central control system, the AT chip is built in and designed to perform all control related to the flight of the drone. In addition, since it is an embedded system, we have programmed the attitude control using the sensor, the motor output setting, and the controller connection information. The CPU required for drones control can be replaced with various types of controllers besides Fno Arduino, UNO, Muiltiwii. For this purpose, the main PCB is designed so that the power supply terminal can be used for each CPU. Finally, it was developed as a setup program to correct the sensor and output of the drone.Improvements/Applications: The system implemented in this paper can easily control the drone. In addition, acceleration, angular velocity, geomagnetic field, air pressure sensor, GPS, etc. necessary for drone control can be utilized by stabilizing the initial set value. In other words, the zero point of the sensor can be captured and the signal appropriate to the current state of the drone can be stored in the processor.
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Feroza, D. Mirajkar, and Nishat Ansari Juhi. "Microcontroller-Powered Radar System." Research and Applications: Emerging Technologies 7, no. 2 (2025): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15356626.
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<em>This paper explores the development of a cost- effective radar system using the Arduino Uno platform. The system employs an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) for distance mea- surement and a servo motor for directional scanning, enabling real-time detection of objects within a predefined field of view. Unlike traditional radar systems that rely on complex and expensive radio frequency technologies, this setup uses ultrasonic waves to detect objects, making it suitable for low-budget and educational applications. The ultrasonic sensor emits sound pulses and measures the time it takes for the echoes to return from nearby objects. The distance is then calculated and mapped as the sensor rotates in small angular steps via a servo motor. The integration of Arduino Uno ensures smooth control of sensor operations and facilitates data transmission for real-time processing. This system is further enhanced by a visual interface created using Processing software, which displays detected objects in a radar-like graphical format. The simplicity and modularity of this design make it highly adaptable for applications such as security monitoring, obstacle avoidance in robotics, and home automation systems. Key advantages include affordability, portability, and ease of implementation. The work serves as an educational platform to understand radar principles, embedded system programming, and real-time data visualization. However, the system is limited by the shorter range and sensitivity of ultrasonic sensors, and it may be affected by environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. Future enhancements could involve expanding the detection range, integrating wireless communication for remote monitoring, and using machine learning for object classification.</em>
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ABRO, KASHIF ALI, ILYAS KHAN, and KOTTAKKARAN SOOPPY NISAR. "USE OF ATANGANA–BALEANU FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVE IN HELICAL FLOW OF A CIRCULAR PIPE." Fractals 28, no. 08 (2020): 2040049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x20400496.
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There is no denying fact that helically moving pipe/cylinder has versatile utilization in industries; as it has multi-purposes, such as foundation helical piers, drilling of rigs, hydraulic simultaneous lift system, foundation helical brackets and many others. This paper incorporates the new analysis based on modern fractional differentiation on infinite helically moving pipe. The mathematical modeling of infinite helically moving pipe results in governing equations involving partial differential equations of integer order. In order to highlight the effects of fractional differentiation, namely, Atangana–Baleanu on the governing partial differential equations, the Laplace and Hankel transforms are invoked for finding the angular and oscillating velocities corresponding to applied shear stresses. Our investigated general solutions involve the gamma functions of linear expressions. For eliminating the gamma functions of linear expressions, the solutions of angular and oscillating velocities corresponding to applied shear stresses are communicated in terms of Fox- H function. At last, various embedded rheological parameters such as friction and viscous factor, curvature diameter of the helical pipe, dynamic analogies of relaxation and retardation time and comparison of viscoelastic fluid models (Burger, Oldroyd-B, Maxwell and Newtonian) have significant discrepancies and semblances based on helically moving pipe.
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Payne, Nolan, Rahul Gangwani, Kira Barton, et al. "Medication Adherence and Liquid Level Tracking System for Healthcare Provider Feedback." Sensors 20, no. 8 (2020): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082435.
Full textAbstract:
A common problem for healthcare providers is accurately tracking patients’ adherence to medication and providing real-time feedback on the management of their medication regimen. This is a particular problem for eye drop medications, as the current commercially available monitors focus on measuring adherence to pills, and not to eye drops. This work presents an intelligent bottle sleeve that slides onto a prescription eye drop medication bottle. The intelligent sleeve is capable of detecting eye drop use, measuring fluid level, and sending use information to a healthcare team to facilitate intervention. The electronics embedded into the sleeve measure fluid level, dropper orientation, the state of the dropper top (on/off), and rates of angular motion during an application. The sleeve was tested with ten patients (age ≥65) and successfully identified and timestamped 94% of use events. On-board processing enabled event detection and the measurement of fluid levels at a 0.4 mL resolution. These data were communicated to the healthcare team using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi in real-time, enabling rapid feedback to the subject. The healthcare team can therefore monitor a log of medication use behavior to make informed decisions on treatment or support for the patient.