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Journal articles on the topic 'Anhydrous precursors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Feng, Guo, Wei Hui Jiang, Jian Min Liu, et al. "Low-Temperature Synthesis of Magnesium-Stabilized Aluminum Titanate Powder via Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Method." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.319.

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Magnesium-stabilized aluminum titanate powder was prepared via non-hydrolytic sol-gel method using titanium tetrachloride and anhydrous aluminium chloride as precursors, anhydrous ethanol as the oxygen donor, magnesium powder, magnesium fluoride, magnesium ethoxide and anhydrous magnesium acetate as stabilizers. The effect of magnesium stabilizers on low temperature synthesis of aluminum titanate was investigated, and their role and mechanism in stabilizing aluminum titanate were also studied by XRD, FT-IR and thermal expansion dilatometer. The results show that introducing magnesium powder or

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2

Nagpal, Keshav, Erwan Rauwel, Elias Estephan, Maria Rosario Soares, and Protima Rauwel. "Significance of Hydroxyl Groups on the Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Combined with CNT and PEDOT:PSS." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (2022): 3546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193546.

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We report on the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their hybrids consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). A non-aqueous sol–gel route along with hydrated and anhydrous acetate precursors were selected for their syntheses. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed their spherical shape with an average size of 5 nm. TEM also confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO-CNT and ZnO-PEDOT:PSS hybrid nanocomposites. In fact, the choice of precursors has a direct influence on the chemical and optical properties of the ZnO-based nanomaterials. The ZnO na

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3

Bommers, Sebastian, and Hubert Schmidbaur. "Poly(trifluoromethanesulfonatosilyl)methanes - Precursors to Polysilylmethanes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 3 (1994): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-0308.

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AbstractA new and efficient synthetic route to di- and tri(silyl)methane is presented. Starting from bis- and tris(phenylsilyl)methane, bis- and tris(trifluoromethanesulfonatosilyl)methane can be obtained by Si-Ph cleavage with equivalent quantities of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid). Their reduction with lithium aluminium hydride yields di- and tri(silyl)methane. Substitution of the previously employed liquid anhydrous hydrogen bromide by triflic acid thus offers an experimentally more simple alternative with shorter reaction times and high selectivity.

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4

Purdy, Andrew P., and Clifford F. George. "Anhydrous Dithiocarbamates. Potential Precursors to Alkaline Earth Sulfide Materials." Main Group Chemistry 1, no. 2 (1996): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13583149612331338465.

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5

Heckman, J. W., M. J. Kielszewski, D. T. A. Lamport, E. P. Muldoon, B. T. Terhune, and J. J. Willard. "Interspecific comparison of elutable cell wall extensin precursors by transmission electron microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100143043.

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In addition to cellulose microfibrils, the primary cell wall of many higher plants contains extensin, a class of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP). Despite its predominately hydrophilic amino acid composition, most cell wall HRGP remains insoluble even after complete deglycosylation with anhydrous HF, suggesting a covalently linked macromolecular network. This led to the development of the "warp-weft" cell wall model, based on an extensin network ("weft") penetrated by cellulose microfibrils (the "warp")(FIG. 1). Extensin precursors elute rapidly from intact cells and cell wall preparati

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6

Jiang, Wei Hui, Yan Hui Yang, Qing Xia Zhu, and Jian Min Liu. "Iron-Zircon Pigments Prepared by Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Method at Low Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 412 (November 2011): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.223.

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ron-zircon pigment has been synthesized by non-hydrolytic sol-gel method using zirconium chloride and tetraethoxysilane as precursors, anhydrous ferric chloride as colorant, lithium fluoride as mineralizer and anhydrous ethanol as solvent. Iron-zircon pigment has been characterized by means of DTA-TG, XRD, Colorimeter and TEM. The results show that only a small fraction of iron is incorporated in the zircon crystal structure while the remaining iron cations are trapped within the zircon matrix. The iron-zircon with the red value (a*) of 20.64 can be synthesized at 700°C with the optimum Fe/Zr

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7

Bénard, Patricia, Jean Paul Auffrédic, and Daniel Louër. "High-temperature X-ray powder diffractometry of the decomposition of zirconium hydroxide nitrates." Powder Diffraction 8, no. 1 (1993): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600017723.

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The decomposition reactions of two zirconium hydroxide nitrates Zr(OH)2(NO3)2·(4+x)H2O and α-Zr(OH)2 (NO3)2·(1+x)H2O (0≤x≤1) have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis and high-temperature X-ray powder diffractometry (HTXRD), in nitrogen gas environment. The decomposition reaction sequences were clearly displayed by the HTXRD technique. They are different for the two precursors, except the formation of amorphous zirconia at low temperature (200 °C) and crystalline zirconia at about 390 °C. Three modifications of Zr(OH)2(NO3)2·H2O (α,β,γ) were identified. Their X-ray powder diffraction pat

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8

Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A., Susannah M. Porter, Chang-Yu Sun, et al. "Biomineralization by particle attachment in early animals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 36 (2019): 17659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902273116.

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Crystallization by particle attachment (CPA) of amorphous precursors has been demonstrated in modern biomineralized skeletons across a broad phylogenetic range of animals. Precisely the same precursors, hydrated (ACC-H2O) and anhydrous calcium carbonate (ACC), have been observed spectromicroscopically in echinoderms, mollusks, and cnidarians, phyla drawn from the 3 major clades of eumetazoans. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) here also shows evidence of CPA in tunicate chordates. This is surprising, as species in these clades have no common ancestor that formed a mineralized skeleton and app

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9

Yosi, Kusuma Eriwati, Arsista Dede, Triaminingsih Siti, and Sunarso. "Effect of CaSO₄Dissolution-Precipitation Time on Formation of Porous Carbonate Apatite as Bone Replacement Material." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 44 (February 2020): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.44.83.

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Introduction: Carbonate apatite type B (C-Ap) has been used as a bone replacement material because of its osteoconductive properties. Clinically, the pores formed in bone replacement material aid in cell mobility and nutrient supply, thereby increasing the bone regeneration ability. CO32- ions found in this material are useful for maintaining a stable physiological environment in the bone in order for it to be easily absorbed by osteoclasts. Porous C-Ap type B is formed using the dissolution–precipitation method by immersing porous anhydrous CaSO4 in a mixture of carbonate and phosphate soluti

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10

Nie, Xiaobo, and Yanming Chen. "Observation of Dominant Nuclei and Magic-Sized CdS Nanoparticles in a Single-Phase System." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 12 (2021): 5987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19504.

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Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) were synthesized by using cadmium acetate and thiourea as precursors and sodium oleate as the surfactant under different cadmium acetate concentrations in anhydrous ethanol. Cadmium (Cd) precursor concentration greatly affected the nucleation-growth of CdS NPs. In extremely dilute solution with a Cd precursor concentration of 0.1 mmol · L−1, an overlapped nucleation and growth corresponding to two pronounced absorption peaks at 310 nm and 350 nm, respectively, was observed. Unparalleled nucleation was dominant within very long reaction time until 10 hour

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11

Guo, Da Gang, Han Yong, and Ke Wei Xu. "Preparation and Characterization of a New Type of Sr-Contained Hydroxyapatite Bone Cement." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.846.

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A novel route is developed to prepare a new type of Sr-contained hydroxyapatite bone cement. Tetracalcium phosphate, strontium hydrogen phosphate or anhydrous strontium chlorite, dicalcium phosphate, phosphoric and water are used as precursors. XRD, FTIR and EDXS are used to characterize the incorporation of 5% or 10% Sr2+ into the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite. Results indicate that the Sr-contained CPC system of TTCP/DCPA/DSPA can set in 0.5M diluted phosphate acid with a final product of non-stoichiometric Sr-contained hydroxyapatite.

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12

Coppa, Nicholas, Daniel H. Nichols, John W. Schwegler, J. E. Crow, G. H. Myer, and R. E. Salomon. "Preparation of YBa2Cu3O7−x precursors from a fused eutectic of sodium and potassium hydroxides." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 6 (1989): 1307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.1307.

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A method for preparing YBa2Cu3O7−x from the simultaneous thermal decomposition of the nitrates of yttrium, barium, and copper in an anhydrous fused eutectic of sodium and potassium hydroxide is described. This method eliminates the need for any mechanical grinding or the introduction of carbon containing anions. Products formed are fine powders (∼1 μm) having mole ratios 1.00Y:2.00Ba:3.06Cu.X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the initial products are Y(OH)3, BaO2, and CuO, which when air calcinated/oxygen annealed at 900–950 °C form the superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x A mechanism is postulated

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13

Pathak, Madhvesh, Blassan Samuel, Kiran Tummalapalli, Prasanth Vuppalapati Giri, Rakesh Bohra, and Kap Jin Kim. "Synthetic Studies and Structural Aspects of some Metallacyclic Derivatives of Titanium (IV) - Better Precursors for Titania." Advanced Materials Research 584 (October 2012): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.411.

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Titanium(IV) complexes of the type [(acac)2Ti(O-G-O] and [(acac)2Ti(OCH2CH2SH)2] {where G = (CH2)2, CH2CH(CH3), CH2CH(C2H5), CH(CH3)CH(CH3) have been synthesized in high yield by the interaction of the precursor [(acac)2Ti( OR)2] {where R = Pri , Et} with a variety of glycols and thioglycols in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios in refluxing benzene under anhydrous condition yield heteroleptic derivatives. On the basis of physico-chemical analyses, a cis-octahedral environment around Ti (IV) is proposed.

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14

Zhang, Wen-Qi, Liu-Ying Huang, Ai-Dong Li, Qi-Yue Shao, and Di Wu. "CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ZrxHf1-xO2 THIN FILMS USING ANHYDROUS MIXED-METAL NITRATES PRECURSORS." Integrated Ferroelectrics 97, no. 1 (2008): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580802088835.

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15

Samfaß, Julia, Timo D. Stark, and Thomas F. Hofmann. "Sensory-Directed Identification of Creaminess-Enhancing Semi-Volatile Lactones in Crumb Chocolate." Foods 10, no. 7 (2021): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071483.

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In order to gain a more comprehensive knowledge of the chemical nature of creaminess-related flavor compounds in milk chocolates on a molecular level, crumb chocolate was analyzed by means of activity guided screening techniques. Sensory studies of a triglyceride-free lipid emulsion indicated that the n-pentane extract showed the highest impact regarding creaminess sensation. Enhancement of creaminess by adding anhydrous milk fat fractions to chocolate was demonstrated by fractionated high-vacuum distillation of different fats associated with the chocolate production combined with sensory expe

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16

Zhang, Rong Mei, and Yu Xiu Zhao. "Synthesis of Mesostructured Materials of Different Heteroatoms and Their Catalytic Performances for Styrene Epoxidation." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1507.

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FeS-1, VS-1 or CuS-1 precursors are loaded and highly dispersed on the surface of mesoporous materials SBA-15, MCM-41 or SiO2by impregnating method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM and N2adsorption. Their catalytic performances for styrene epoxidation with anhydrous TBHP as an oxidant agent were studied. The results suggest that zeolite primary and secondary building units are highly dispersed on the samples and the samples have still retained mesoporous structure. All of the catalysts exhibit good catalytic activities, producing styrene oxide and b

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17

Morlens, S., N. Romà, S. Ricart, A. Pomar, T. Puig, and X. Obradors. "Thickness control of solution deposited YBCO superconducting films by use of organic polymeric additives." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 8 (2007): 2330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0296.

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We show that the thickness of yttrium–barium–copper–oxide (YBCO) superconducting films grown from trifluoroacetate precursors can be strongly modified using polymeric additives, while deposition conditions by spin or dip coating remain unchanged. A screening of different families of organic additives has been performed, and the best results have been achieved using polymers having an oxygen functionalized backbone. Two different polymeric additives, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), have been more thoroughly investigated, and thermal analysis suggests that PEG is the

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18

Sun, Chang-Yu, Cayla A. Stifler, Rajesh V. Chopdekar, et al. "From particle attachment to space-filling coral skeletons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 48 (2020): 30159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012025117.

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Reef-building corals and their aragonite (CaCO3) skeletons support entire reef ecosystems, yet their formation mechanism is poorly understood. Here we used synchrotron spectromicroscopy to observe the nanoscale mineralogy of fresh, forming skeletons from six species spanning all reef-forming coral morphologies: Branching, encrusting, massive, and table. In all species, hydrated and anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles were precursors for skeletal growth, as previously observed in a single species. The amorphous precursors here were observed in tissue, between tissue and skeleton

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19

Colombo, Daniel G., David C. Gilmer, Victor G. Young Jr., Stephen A. Campbell, and Wayne L. Gladfelter. "Anhydrous Metal Nitrates as Volatile Single Source Precursors for the CVD of Metal Oxide Films." Chemical Vapor Deposition 04, no. 06 (1998): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3862(199812)04:06<220::aid-cvde220>3.0.co;2-e.

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20

Kanakarajan, K., Karl Haider, and Anthony W. Czarnik. "Nitrosations in Anhydrous Trifluoroacetic Acid Media: A Modification for Insoluble or Deactivated Amine and Amide Precursors." Synthesis 1988, no. 07 (1988): 566–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1988-27643.

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21

Albéric, Marie, Cayla A. Stifler, Zhaoyong Zou, et al. "Growth and regrowth of adult sea urchin spines involve hydrated and anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate precursors." Journal of Structural Biology: X 1 (January 2019): 100004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjsbx.2019.100004.

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22

Budrevičius, Darius, Eglė Buzaitytė, Kęstutis Mažeika, and Ramūnas Skaudžius. "Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Monoclinic Structure Formation of Gd0.85−yLayPO4:15%Eu and Luminescent Properties." Crystals 15, no. 5 (2025): 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15050441.

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In this study, nanoparticles with a monoclinic crystal structure of Gd0.85−yLayPO4:15%Eu were synthesized through a hydrothermal method. Initial investigations focused on the influence of the precursor on the resulting structure of LaPO4:1%Eu, with variations in synthesis temperature. Various syntheses were conducted using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) as PO43− ion precursors, and the synthesis temperature ranged from room temperature to 200 °C. Based on the synthesis and analysis outcomes, diammonium hydrogen phosphate was selected as

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23

Chen, Liyi, Christian Hanisch, and Bernhard Rieger. "Controllable Formation of MgCl2-based Spherical Catalyst Support Precursors via Composites of Liquid Inorganics and Polymers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 64, no. 5 (2009): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2009-0506.

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Anhydrous MgCl2 was reacted with 2 equiv. of ethanol to generate the MgCl2(EtOH)2 adduct 1. An appropriate amount of higher alcohol having a long carbon chain, such as 1-decanol, was anchored on the surface of a part of adduct 1 to give a mixture of MgCl2 adducts having an internal surfactant. A multifunctional polymer/oligomer, e. g. poly(ethylene glycol)-200 (PEG-200), was introduced into this system yielding a composite of liquid inorganics and polymers (CLIP). Under the regulation of the internal surfactant and the multifunctional polymer, this composite was melted and dispersed in an iner

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24

Shao, Qi Yue, Ai Dong Li, Yan Dong, Feng Fang, Jian Qing Jiang, and Zhi Guo Liu. "Chemical vapor deposition of ZrxTi1−xO2 and HfxTi1−xO2 thin films using the composite anhydrous nitrate precursors." Applied Surface Science 254, no. 8 (2008): 2224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.08.025.

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25

Wulfsberg, G., K. Shadid, B. Farris, et al. "Dioxin Precursors: NQR Studies of Group 1 and Related 2,6-Dichlorophenolate and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenolate Salts." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, no. 1-2 (1992): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-1-228.

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AbstractThe 81Br and 35Cl NQR spectra of anhydrous Group 1, tetraalkylammonium, and thallium(I) 2,6-dichlorophenolates, 2,4,6-trichlorophenolates, and 4-bromo-2,6-dichlorophenolates were searched for evidence of solid-state cation-organochlorine interactions that might, for example, be (in part) responsible for the difference in the thermal decomposition reactions of these salts (to give the supertoxic environmental pollutants, the polychlorinated dibenzodioxins) versus those of the corresponding Group 11 chlorophenolate complexes, which do not decompose to dioxins.For cations ranging in size

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26

Kiran, Tummalapalli, Vuppalapati Giri Prasanth, Samuel Blassan, Pathak Madhvesh, and Jin Kim Kap. "Synthetic studies and structural aspects of metallacyclic derivatives of tin(IV) : Better precursors for SnO2." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 92, May 2015 (2015): 818–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5704477.

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Materials Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail</em> : madhveshpathak@vit.ac.in Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea <em>E-mail </em>: kjkim@khu.ac.kr Tin complexes of the type [(acac)<sub>2</sub> Sn(OPr<sup>i</sup> )<sub>2-n</sub>(OCH2CH<sub>2</sub>OR)<sub>n</sub> ], (where n = 1–2; R = Me, Et and Bu<sup>n</sup> ) were synthesized by treating bis(acetylacetonato)diisopropoxytin(IV) with

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27

Góral-Kowalczyk, Małgorzata, Elżbieta Grządka, Jolanta Orzeł, et al. "Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Using an Aqueous Extract of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) Leaf Waste." Materials 17, no. 11 (2024): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17112515.

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In this study, we analysed the potential use of dried strawberry leaves and calyces for the production of nanoparticles using inorganic iron compounds. We used the following iron precursors FeCl3 × 6H2O, FeCl2 × 4H2O, Fe(NO3)3 × 9H2O, Fe2(SO4)3 × H2O, FeSO4 × 7H2O, FeCl3 anhydrous. It was discovered that the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in dried strawberries and their antioxidant activity in DPPH and FRAP were 346.81 µM TE/1 g and 331.71 µM TE/1 g, respectively, and were similar to these of green tea extracts. Microimages made using TEM techniques allowed for the isolation of a few na

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28

Lamaa, Ghandy, David Suescum-Morales, António P. C. Duarte, Rui Vasco Silva, and Jorge de Brito. "Optimising the Performance of CO2-Cured Alkali-Activated Aluminosilicate Industrial By-Products as Precursors." Materials 16, no. 5 (2023): 1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051923.

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Three industrial aluminosilicate wastes were studied as precursors to produce alkali-activated concrete: (i) electric arc furnace slag, (ii) municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes, and (iii) waste glass rejects. These were characterized via X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, laser particle size distribution, thermogravimetric, and Fourier-transform infrared analyses. Distinctive combinations of anhydrous sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution were tried by varying the Na2O/binder ratio (8%, 10%, 12%, 14%) and SiO2/Na2O ratio (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) to find the optimum solution for

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29

Ovdiichuk, Olga, Salla Lahdenpohja, Quentin Béen, Laurent Tanguy, Bertrand Kuhnast, and Charlotte Collet-Defossez. "[18F]fluoride Activation and 18F-Labelling in Hydrous Conditions—Towards a Microfluidic Synthesis of PET Radiopharmaceuticals." Molecules 29, no. 1 (2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010147.

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18F-labelled radiopharmaceuticals are indispensable in positron emission tomography. The critical step in the preparation of 18F-labelled tracers is the anhydrous F-18 nucleophilic substitution reaction, which involves [18F]F− anions generated in aqueous media by the cyclotron. For this, azeotropic drying by distillation is widely used in standard synthesisers, but microfluidic systems are often not compatible with such a process. To avoid this step, several methods compatible with aqueous media have been developed. We summarised the existing approaches and two of them have been studied in det

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Rumyantsev, R. N., A. A. Kournikova, A. A. Ilyin, et al. "INVESTIGATION OF THE CONDITIONS OF CERAMIC AND MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF COMPOSITES CuO/ZnO/?-Al2O3." Steklo i Keramika, no. 21 (September 2023): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/glc.2023.09.pp.022-032.

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In this work, using the methods of X-ray phase, X-ray diffraction, synchronous thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature adsorption-desorption of nitrogen, the process of obtaining CuO/ZnO/?-Al2O3 composites, which can be used as the main component of catalysts for large-tonnage processes for methanol production and monoxide conversion, was studied. carbon. The influence of the method of preparation, the nature and intensity of processing on the phase composition of the resulting precursors and the physicochemical properties of the resulting composites was established. Th

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31

Mass, Tali, Anthony J. Giuffre, Chang-Yu Sun, et al. "Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 37 (2017): E7670—E7678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707890114.

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Do corals form their skeletons by precipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous precursor particles as observed in other minerals and biominerals? The classical model assumes precipitation in contrast with observed “vital effects,” that is, deviations from elemental and isotopic compositions at thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we show direct spectromicroscopy evidence in Stylophora pistillata corals that two amorphous precursors exist, one hydrated and one anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC); that these are formed in the tissue as 400-nm particles; and that they attach to t

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Jiang, Wei Hui, Qian Wu, Jian Min Liu, Qing Xia Zhu, and Li Feng Miao. "Low Temperature Synthesis of Mullite Whisker by Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Process Combined with Molten Salt Method." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2346.

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Using tetraethyl orthosilicate and anhydrous aluminum chloride as precursors, ethyl ether as oxygen donor, LiF as mineralizer, and Na2SO4-NaCl as compound molten salt, mullite whisker was synthesized in the low temperature by nonhydrolytic sol-gel process combined with molten salt method. The phase transformation of mixed powder composed of mullite xerogel and molten salt during the heat treatment and the microstructure of mullite whisker corresponding to different temperature were characterized by means of DTA-TG, XRD SEM and TEM. The results show that mullite crystal phase can be formed via

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33

Nevels, Nash E., Luke Subera, and Richard A. Bunce. "Benzo[d]oxazoles from Anilides by N-Deprotonation–O-SNAr Cyclization." Molecules 29, no. 18 (2024): 4322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184322.

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A synthesis of benzo[d]oxazoles by an N-deprotonation–O-SNAr cyclization sequence from anilide precursors is reported. Anilides derived from 2-fluorobenzaldehydes, activated toward SNAr ring closure by C5 electron-withdrawing groups, were prepared and subjected to deprotonation–cyclization using 2 equiv. of K2CO3 in anhydrous DMF. Following deprotonation at nitrogen, the delocalized anion cyclized from the amide oxygen to give high yields of benzo[d]oxazoles. The temperature required for the cyclization of benzanilides correlated with the potency of the C5 activating group on the SNAr acceptor

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34

Perini, J. M., T. Marianne, J. J. Lafitte, G. Lamblin, P. Roussel, and M. Mazzuca. "Use of an antiserum against deglycosylated human mucins for cellular localization of their peptide precursors: antigenic similarities between bronchial and intestinal mucins." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 6 (1989): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.6.2470810.

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Highly glycosylated regions of mucins, or glycopeptides, were obtained by proteolysis of human bronchial mucins. They were deglycosylated by treatment with a trifluoromethane sulfonic acid/anisole mixture and subsequent solvolysis with anhydrous liquid hydrogen fluoride. The resulting peptides were then used to raise an immune serum in rabbit. This immune serum was used to localize the peptide precursors of human respiratory mucins within bronchial cells, using an immunohistochemical method. Two main patterns of labeling were observed in the goblet cells: the entire cytoplasm of some goblet ce

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Yang, L., H. H. Hng, T. Sun, H. Cheng, and Jan Ma. "Synthesis of Nano-Sized Co-Sb Compounds through Solvothermal Routes." Solid State Phenomena 136 (February 2008): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.136.57.

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Skutterudite materials have received great attention because their promising properties for thermoelectric (TE) applications. Among the family of skutterudites, CoSb3 has been intensively investigated due to its large electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. However, its thermal conductivity is too high to make it an effective TE material. Nanostructuring of CoSb3 has the desirable effects of reducing its lattice thermal conductivity as the point imperfections or grain boundaries can scatter phonons (heat carrier) more effectively than electrons (charge carrier). In this study, nanostr

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Bao, Yi, Wei Hui Jiang, Guo Feng, Jian Min Liu, and Qian Wu. "Low Temperature Preparation of Aluminum Titanate Film via Sol-Gel Method." Advanced Materials Research 936 (June 2014): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.238.

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Aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) film was prepared via sol-gel method at low temperature, using ethyl acetoacetate and anhydrous citric acid as compound chelating agent, tetrabutyl titanate (Ti (OC4H9)4) and aluminum chloride (AlCl3.6H2O) as precursors, ethanol as solvent. The phase transformation of Al2TiO5 xerogel during heat treatment, the effect of different chelating agents on the synthesis of Al2TiO5, and the phase composition and morphology of film were investigated by means of differential thermal and thermo gravimetric analysis (DTA-TG), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform

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Fukami, Takanori, Shuta Tahara, Keiko Nakasone, and Chitoshi Yasuda. "Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Properties of CaSO4·2H2O Single Crystals." International Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 2 (2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v7n2p12.

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Single crystals were grown at room temperature from the precursors CaCO3 and NH2SO3H by a gel method using agar-agar gel as the medium of growth. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on the single crystals. The crystal structure of the grown crystals was confirmed to be very similar to that of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O, gypsum). The temperature at which dehydration and evaporation of intercalated water molecules in the single crystal occurred was found to be 375.9 K, which was very clos

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Ma, Jie, and Qingsheng Wu. "A novel additive-free oxides–hydrothermal approach for monazite-type LaPO4nanomaterials with controllable morphologies." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 5 (2010): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889810031894.

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A facile oxides–hydrothermal (O–HT) method is demonstrated to prepare high-purity monazite-type LaPO4nanomaterials. In this approach, La2O3and P2O5powder are first directly used as precursors under additive-free hydrothermal conditions. The as-prepared samples are characterized with X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (high-resolution TEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy) and selected-area electron diffraction. The typical sample obtained at 433 K in 24 h comprises uniform single-crystal nanofibre

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Faizullina, L. Kh, and N. P. Akhmetdinova. "CYCLIC ACETALS AND KETALS – VALUABLE PRECURSORS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS." Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN, no. 4 (December 10, 2024): 11–32. https://doi.org/10.31040/2222-8349-2024-0-4-11-32.

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Acetals and ketals are a latent form of carbonyl compounds and important intermediates in synthetic and carbohydrate chemistry. There is probably not a single scheme for the synthesis of biologically active compounds in which the technique with diol protection of the carbonyl function has not been used at least once. This is due to the convenience of both setting up the protective group and removing it. Classical synthesis involves the addition of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones in slightly acidic or basic solutions. Before the stage of formation of hemiacetals, the reaction is catalyzed by

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WEI, Guohua, Chao CAI та Yuguo DU. "Highly Efficient and Versatile Synthesis of Some Important Precursors from 1,6-Anhydrous-β-D-glucopyranose as a Green Starting Material". Chinese Journal of Chemistry 27, № 8 (2009): 1589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.200990268.

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Sun, William, Cheryl Falzon, Ebrahim Naimi, et al. "Synthesis of [18F]FAZA Using Nosyl and Iodo Precursors for Nucleophilic Radiofluorination." Current Radiopharmaceuticals 12, no. 1 (2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874471011666181019105947.

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Background: 1-&#945;-D-(5-Deoxy-5-[18F]fluoroarabinofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole ([18F]FAZA) is manufactured by nucleophilic radiofluorination of 1-&#945;-D-(2’,3’-di-O-acetyl-5’-O-toluenesulfonylarabinofuranosyl)- 2-nitroimidazole (DiAcTosAZA) and alkaline deprotection to afford [18F]FAZA. High yields (>60%) under optimized conditions frequently revert to low yields (<20%) in large scale, automated syntheses. Competing side reactions and concomitant complex reaction mixtures contribute to substantial loss of product during HPLC clean-up. Objective: To develop alternative precurso

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Jiang, Wei Hui, Qi Ming Jiang, Jian Min Liu, Qing Xia Zhu, and Quan Zhang. "Prepartion of Stabilized Aluminum Titanate Film via Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Route." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.96.

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The stabilized aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) film was coated on the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate via nonhydrolytic sol-gel method (NHSG), using anhydrous aluminum chloride and titanium tetrachloride as precursors, ethanol as oxygen donor, different iron sources as stabilizers, and dimethyl mixed dibasic acid (DBE) with the characteristic of environmental protection and high boiling point as solvent. The phase transformation of modified Al2TiO5 xerogel during heat treatment, the effect of different iron stabilizers on the stabilization of Al2TiO5 film, and the influence of the coating process

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Sroor, Farid M., Phil Liebing, Cristian G. Hrib, Daniel Gräsing, Liane Hilfert, and Frank T. Edelmann. "Formation and structure of the first metal complexes comprising amidinoguanidinate ligands." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 11 (2016): 1526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016015322.

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The first metal complexes comprising amidinoguanidinate ligands have been prepared and structurally characterized, namely bis[μ-N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetraisopropyl-1-(1-butylamidinato)guanidinato-κ3N1,N2:N2]bis[(tetrahydrofuran)lithium], [Li2(C18H37N4)2(C4H8O)2], (2), and [bis(tetrahydrofuran)lithium]-di-μ-chlorido-{(N,N′-dicyclohexyl-1-butylamidinato-κ2N1,N2)[N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetracyclohexyl-1-(1-butylamidinato)guanidinato-κ2N1,N2]holmate(III)}, [HoLiCl2(C4H8O)2(C17H31N2)(C30H53N4)], (3). The novel lithium amidinoguanidinate precursors Li[nBuC(=NR)(NR)C(NR)2] [1:R= Cy (cyclohexyl),2:R=iPr) were obtaine

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Jiang, Wei Hui, Si Cheng, Qing Xia Zhu, and Jian Min Liu. "Effects of Solvents on Synthesis and Dispersion of Zircon Powder via Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Route." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.54.

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Zircon nano–powder has been synthesized via the non-hydrolytic sol–gel route, using industral zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursors, lithium fluoride (LiF) as mineralizer, PEG1000 as dispersant. The effects of solvents on the synthesis and dispersion of zircon nano-powder were investigated by means of XRD and TEM. The results indicate that the aprotic solvent N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) is not conducive to the nucleophilic substitution reaction, which directly affect the zircon synthesis, and the particles are easy to agglomerate due to the large surface

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Ning, Keke, Guoqiang Xiang, Cuicui Wang, et al. "UV-emitting polyelectrolyte-modified MoS2 quantum dots for selective determination of nitrophenol in water samples based on inner filter effect." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, no. 5 (2020): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2019-0425.

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In this work, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) modified molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2-PSS QDs) were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method using l-cysteine and anhydrous sodium molybdate as precursors and PSS as a modification reagent, and a selective and sensitive fluorescent sensing method for the determination of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) based on their UV emission was developed. The obtained MoS2-PSS QDs have an obvious UV emission peak (390 nm) with quantum yield of 5.13%. The strong absorption peak of p-NP at 400 nm has large spectral overlap with the UV emission peak (39

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Sokol, Ella, Svetlana Kokh, Victor Sharygin, et al. "Mineralogical Diversity of Ca2SiO4-Bearing Combustion Metamorphic Rocks in the Hatrurim Basin: Implications for Storage and Partitioning of Elements in Oil Shale Clinkering." Minerals 9, no. 8 (2019): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080465.

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This is the first attempt to provide a general mineralogical and geochemical survey of natural Ca2SiO4-bearing combustion metamorphic (CM) rocks produced by annealing and decarbonation of bioproductive Maastrichtian oil shales in the Hatrurim Basin (Negev Desert, Israel). We present a synthesis of data collected for fifteen years on thirty nine minerals existing as fairly large grains suitable for analytical examination. The Hatrurim Ca2SiO4-bearing CM rocks, which are natural analogs of industrial cement clinker, have been studied comprehensively, with a focus on several key issues: major- an

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Osińska, K., M. Płońska, and A. Marzec. "Application of the Sol-Gel Method at the Fabrication of PLZT:Yb3+ Ceramics." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 3 (2016): 1441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0236.

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Abstract The aim of presented study was to obtain the PLZT:Yb3+ ceramics. Nanopowders of itterbium doped PLZT materials were synthesized by the sol-gel method from high quality metaloorganic precursors, as lead (II) acetate, lanthanum acetate, ytterbium acetate, zirconium (IV) propoxide and titanium (IV) propoxide. Anhydrous acetic acid and n-propyl alcohol were used as solvents, while acetyloacetone was added as stabilizer of hydrolysis reactions. Thermal evolution of the dried gels, before and after calcination, was studied by the simultaneous thermal analysis. The amorphous PLZT:Yb3+ gels w

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Nosrati, Hassan, Rasoul Sarraf-Mamoory, Amir Hossein Ahmadi, and Maria Canillas Perez. "Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons–Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Applicable in Biomedicine and Theranostics." Journal of Nanotheranostics 1, no. 1 (2020): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jnt1010002.

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In order to investigate the effect of graphene nanoribbons on the final properties of hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites, a solvothermal method was used at 180 °C and 5 h for the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons–hydroxyapatite nanopowders by employing hydrogen gas injection. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogenphosphate were used as calcium and phosphate precursors, respectively. To synthesize the powders, a solvent containing diethylene glycol, anhydrous ethanol, dimethylformamide, and water was used. Graphene oxide nanoribbons were synthesized by chemical unzipping of carbo

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Taborda-Barraza, Madeleing, Francine Padilha, Laura Silvestro, Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo, and Philippe Jean Paul Gleize. "Evaluation of CNTs and SiC Whiskers Effect on the Rheology and Mechanical Performance of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers." Materials 15, no. 17 (2022): 6099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176099.

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Despite geopolymers having emerged as a more sustainable alternative to Portland cement, their rheological properties still need to be thoroughly investigated, aiming at the material’s applicability. Additionally, studies that evaluated the fresh state of geopolymer composites with nanomaterials are scarce. Thus, two metakaolin-based geopolymer systems were reinforced with nanomaterials with a similar geometry: carbon nanotubes (CNT) and silicon carbide whiskers (SCW). The nanomaterials incorporation was assessed by rotational rheometry (conducted up to 110 min), isothermal calorimetry, compre

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Shinde, Sandip S., Kim-Viktoria Bolik, Simone Maschauer, and Olaf Prante. "18F-Fluorination Using Tri-Tert-Butanol Ammonium Iodide as Phase-Transfer Catalyst: An Alternative Minimalist Approach." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 9 (2021): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14090833.

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The 18F syntheses of tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) typically require several steps, including extraction of [18F]fluoride from H2[18O]O, elution, and drying, prior to nucleophilic substitution reaction, being a laborious and time-consuming process. The elution of [18F]fluoride is commonly achieved by phase transfer catalysts (PTC) in aqueous solution, which makes azeotropic drying indispensable. The ideal PTC is characterized by a slightly basic nature, its capacity to elute [18F]fluoride with anhydrous solvents, and its efficient complex formation with [18F]fluoride during su

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