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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Animal anatomy and histology

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Academic literature on the topic 'Animal anatomy and histology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Animal anatomy and histology"

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Chinsamy, Anusuya. "Dinosaur Bone Histology: Implications and Inferences." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009539.

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A study of the anatomy and morphology of a fossil skeleton indicates the overall size, posture, and form of the animal. Even various functional aspects of the skeleton such as preferred mode of locomotion and chewing mechanisms can be deduced from such studies. But the desire to understand dinosaurs as dynamic, once-living animals and not merely as taxonomic entities arranged in phylogenetic schemes, goes beyond this. In 1842, Sir Richard Owen not only presented dinosaurs taxonomically but he also initiated the quest to understand the biology of these animals. In recent decades, the study of dinosaur paleobiology has blossomed, and has provided a crucial link between studies of morphology (structures) and that of function and physiology.

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Zeng, L., M. Takeya, X. Ling, A. Nagasaki, and K. Takahashi. "Interspecies reactivities of anti-human macrophage monoclonal antibodies to various animal species." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 8 (1996): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.8.8756757.

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We examined interspecies reactivities of eight anti-human monocyte/macrophage monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), Am-3K, PM-2K, X4, X14, Ber-MAC3, GHI/61, EBM/11, and KP1, with various animal tissues including rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, goats, pigs, bovines, horses, and monkeys. All MAbs recognized monkey macrophages. Pig macrophages were detected by most MAbs except for EBM/11 and KP1. Of the eight antibodies, AM-3K showed the widest interspecies reactivity. It reacted with macrophages of all animal species examined, except for rats. Western blot analysis revealed a similarity in the antigens recognized by AM-3K among guinea pigs, rabbits, and humans. Other anti-human MAbs demonstrated distinct reactive patterns against macrophages in animals. The immunostaining patterns of all of these MAbs in animal tissues were similar to those found in humans, although some MAbs, such as AM-3K, EBM/11, and X4, displayed more restricted reactivity in animals than in humans. These results indicate that some anti-human monocyte/macrophage MAbs are also available for immunohistochemical detection of monocyte/macrophages in animal tissues. Among them, AM-3K is considered to be the most useful MAb for identifying macrophages in various tissues of animals.

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Hill, Robert V. "Comparative anatomy and histology of xenarthran osteoderms." Journal of Morphology 267, no. 12 (2006): 1441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10490.

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Weiss, Kristina, and Heike Wägele. "On the Morphology, Anatomy and Histology of three species of Onchidella (Gastropoda: Gymnomorpha: Onchidiida)." Archiv für Molluskenkunde 127, no. 1-2 (1998): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/127/1998/69.

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Gascon-Barré, M., P. M. Huet, J. Belgiorno, V. Plourde, and P. A. Coulombe. "Estimation of collagen content of liver specimens. Variation among animals and among hepatic lobes in cirrhotic rats." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 3 (1989): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.3.2465335.

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We undertook a study to evaluate the correlation between morphometric evaluation and colorimetric determination of hepatic collagen content, and to analyze the variation among animals as well as among lobes of the same liver in hepatic collagen content after CCl4-induced micronodular cirrhosis. The results revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.9458; p less than 0.001) between the morphometric and colorimetric methods of collagen evaluation of liver specimens; both methods also significantly distinguished data obtained from controls and from cirrhotic rats (p less than 0.0005). After induction of micronodular cirrhosis by chronic CCl4 administration, a highly significant variation in hepatic collagen content was observed among animals (p less than 0.0001). By contrast, no significant difference in collagen content was observed (p less than 0.05) among hepatic lobes of a given animal. These results indicate that in this animal model of liver cirrhosis, interpretation of biochemical data would benefit by being related to the severity of the hepatic collagen infiltration of each animal. Our data also show that representative values for total hepatic collagen infiltration can be obtained from a single liver specimen; we suggest, however, that the specimen be taken from a major lobe of the liver and that a sufficiently large number of animals be used to avoid occasional sampling errors.

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Ilhomovna, Kamalova Malika. "ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 04, no. 03 (2022): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume04issue03-09.

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In this article we will review the anatomy and histology of the nasal cavity - its sections, structure and vascular and nerve supply. For experimental rhinology, the choice of a laboratory animal is very important. The scattered information on the morphology of the nose and paranasal sinuses forces the researcher to study the literature from various branches of biology (zoology, embryology, veterinary medicine, etc.) for a long time. Having analysed works describing the anatomy and morphology of the nose and paranasal sinuses in various laboratory animals.

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Schamhardt, H. C., A. J. Van den Bogert, and W. Hartman. "Measurement Techniques in Animal Locomotion Analysis." Cells Tissues Organs 146, no. 2-3 (1993): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147433.

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de Carvalho, Paulo, Sérgio Guerra, Márcia Rizzo, Andrezza da Silva, Maria Cavalcante, and Airton Conde Júnior. "Morphology of the Cervical Lymph Nodes of Agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler, 1831)." Journal of Morphological Sciences 35, no. 03 (2018): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675395.

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AbstractIn the scientific literature, works related to the morphology and histology of agoutis, Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler, 1831, approach several organs and systems. However, none referenced the lymph nodes of this animal. The objectives of the present study were to perform morphological and histological analyses, under optical microscopy, of the cranial and cervical lymph nodes of agoutis, comparing them with the typical lymph nodes of already documented animal species. In the present work, four animals were used, respecting all the ethical and legal aspects, followed by the development of methodologies related to the morphology and histology in question. The results obtained did not show significant morphological and histological differences between the cranial and cervical lymph nodes of agoutis when compared with typical lymph nodes of the animal kingdom.

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González-Rellán, Sonia, Andrés Barreiro, José Manuel Cifuentes, and Patricia Fdz-de-Trocóniz. "Anatomy of the Palmar Region of the Carpus of the Dog." Animals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12121573.

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The palmar region of the canine carpus is anatomically complex, and the information found in the literature about its anatomy is inconsistent. The aims of this prospective, descriptive, anatomic study were (1) the clarification and (2) the description of the precise anatomic composition of the palmar region of the canine carpus, with special reference to the canalis carpi. For this study, 92 cadaveric specimens were obtained from 46 dogs that had died for reasons unrelated to this study. Of these, 43 medium-to-large-breed dogs were randomly selected for the dissection of transverse slices of the carpus. Samples of the flexor retinaculum and flexor carpi radialis tendon and surrounding tissues were taken for complementary histology. For additional histology of the palmar structures in their anatomical position, three small breed dogs were randomly selected for obtaining transverse slices. The anatomic characteristics of the components of the palmar region of the canine carpus were qualitatively described, with special attention to the following structures: flexor retinaculum, flexor carpi radialis muscle, arteria and vena mediana, nervus medianus, interflexorius muscle, flexor digitorum profundus muscle, canalis carpi, and arteria and nervus ulnaris. The findings from this study provide reference information about the anatomy of the palmar region of the canine carpus.

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De Russi, Brenno Marco, and Camila Albuquerque Melo Carvalho. "Anatomic and Embryological Aspects of the Cardiovascular System of Albino Wistar Rats." Journal of Morphological Sciences 36, no. 04 (2019): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697008.

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AbstractThe Wistar albino rat is the animal most commonly used in scientific research around the world. Knowledge of the anatomy of the body of these animals is key in the research field, especially in cases when the research requires experimental surgery. Descriptive literature on the morphology of the cardiovascular system of these animals, particularly the heart, is old and difficult to access. Publications in journals are not readily available, and books approach the subject in a superficial way. The aim of this study is to research, organize, and translate the literature on the anatomy and embryology of the cardiovascular system of the albino Wistar rat to facilitate the use of this information in future research that requires the knowledge of the anatomy of these animals, for example, experimental surgery research.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal anatomy and histology"

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Cheng, Winston Teng-Kuei. "In vitro fertilization of farm animal oocytes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354475.

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Cal, Josy Alvarenga. "Histologia do trato digestório do surubim-pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans - Agassiz, 1829)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-01032007-180235/.

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O pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), também comumente chamado de surubim é um dos peixes mais apreciados pelo mercado consumidor brasileiro, devido à excelente qualidade do filé. No entanto, trabalhos sobre a morfologia do seu trato digestório são escassos. No presente trabalho, a descrição histológica do esôfago, estômago e intestino do pintado, visa contribuir e fornecer subsídios científicos para compreensão dos processos digestivos dessa espécie. Foram obtidas amostras do esôfago, estômago e de todas as regiões intestinais e posteriormente analisadas à microscopia óptica. No esôfago, observou-se epitélio de revestimento do tipo pavimentoso estratificado não-queratinizado, apresentando células epiteliais, mucosas e grande quantidade de células claviformes. A presença de células claviformes são indicadores de que este órgão está sujeito a lesão e lacerações, participando no sistema de defesa do organismo. O estômago do pintado constitui-se de um órgão em forma de J, distinguindo-se três regiões: cárdica, fúndica e pilórica. O epitélio de revestimento encontrado é do tipo colunar simples. A superfície epitelial é interrompida pelas criptas gástricas, no fundo das quais se abrem as glândulas gástricas, sendo estas criptas mais profundas na região cárdica ou proximal do estômago. As glândulas gástricas apresentam-se maiores e mais numerosas no segmento proximal, diminuindo em quantidade e tamanho no sentido caudal, o que está relacionado a uma maior demanda na secreção de muco para proteção e digestão de proteínas. O intestino do pintado constitui-se de três regiões distintas e denominadas: intestino proximal, intestino médio e intestino distal ou reto. No epitélio intestinal foram encontrados macrófagos e linfócitos indicando uma barreira celular de defesa no organismo. No intestino distal, observou-se epitélio com cutícula estriada mais baixa do que nos segmentos anteriores. Podemos concluir que o pintado apresenta características particulares quanto à estrutura microscópica do seu trato digestório, em alguns aspectos, se comparado a outros teleósteos.<br>Pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), also commonly called surubim, is one of the most appreciated fish by the Brazilian consumer market, due to the excellent filet quality. However, works on the morphology of their digestive tract are scarce. In this work, the histological description of the esophagus, stomach and intestine of pintado, seeks to contribute and to supply scientific information for the better understanding of the digestive process of these species. Samples were obtained from esophagus, stomach and from all the intestinal areas and later analyzed with light microscope. In the esophagus, epithelium is stratified pavimentous type and was observed no queratinization, presenting epithelial cells, mucous membranes and great amount of club cells. The presence of club cells indicates that this organ is subjected to lesion and lacerations, participating in the organism defense system. The stomach of pintado is constituted of an organ in J form, being there distinguished three areas: cardic, fundic and piloric. The epithelium of the stomach is simple colunar type. The epithelial surface is interrupted by the gastric crypts, in the bottom of which opens up the gastric glands, being these deeper crypts in the cardic area or proximal of the stomach. The gastric glands come larger and more numerous in the proximal segment, decreasing in amount and size in the caudal way, what is related to a larger demand in the mucus secretion for protection and digestion of proteins. The pintado`s intestine is constituted of three different areas and denominated: proximal intestine, medium intestine and distal intestine or rectum. In the intestinal epithelium there were found macrophages and lymphocytes indicating a cellular barrier for the organism defense. In the distal intestine, epithelium was observed with cuticle grooved lower than in the previous segments. We can conclude that pintado presents private characteristics in relation to the microscopic structure of its digestive tract, in some aspects, if compared to other teleosts.

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Fonsêca, Vitor Cortizo da. "Estudo morfométrico da retina de ratos expostos agudamente à fumaça de cigarro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5149/tde-17102014-101523/.

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Objetivo: Estudar as alterações morfométricas da retina de ratos expostos agudamente à fumaça de cigarro. Métodos: Em um estudo experimental, controlado, mascarado, foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos (8 semanas de idade), sendo metade deles expostos por duas horas contínuas à fumaça de cigarro em uma câmara de inalação e a outra metade exposta a ar comprimido como grupo controle. A fumaça foi aspirada diretamente do cigarro utilizando um sistema venturi, e conduzida para a câmara. A concentração de monóxido de carbono no interior da câmara de inalação foi mantida em uma faixa constante de 45 a 55 partes por milhão, monitorada eletronicamente no interior do recipiente. Os ratos foram sacrificados imediatamente após a inalação e nos momentos 24 e 48 horas após exposição. Os olhos foram enucleados e analisados por meio da morfometria em microscópio óptico, por examinador mascarado. Resultados: Foram identificadas regiões da retina do grupo exposto que sofreram redução das estimativas morfométricas em comparação ao grupo controle, com significância estatística correspondendo às regiões dos fotorreceptores, camada nuclear interna e plexiforme interna 48 horas após a exposição. Comparando os grupos expostos entre si houve uma redução progressiva nas estimativas morfométricas das camadas retinianas com o aumento do intervalo entre o término da exposição e o sacrifício, de forma estatisticamente significante na camada nuclear interna. Conclusão: As retinas dos ratos expostos agudamente à fumaça de cigarro sofreram uma redução nas estimativas morfométricas, com uma tendência a redução progressiva nas estimativas no decorrer das primeiras 48 horas após exposição<br>Objective: To evaluate morphometric alterations of the retina, from rats acutely exposed do cigarette smoking. Methods: In an experimental, prospective, masked study with 24 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old), half of them were exposed during two hours continually to cigarette smoking inside an intoxicating chamber, while the other half exposed to compressed air. The smoke was aspirated directly from cigarette, using a venturi system, and conducted to the chamber. The carbon monoxide concentration was constantly kept in between 45 to 55 parts per million, electronically monitored inside de chamber. The rats were sacrificed immediately after the inhalation, 24 and 48 hours after exposition. The eyes were enucleated and analyzed trough morphometry, in an optical microscope, by a masked examiner. Results: It was identified regions of the retina in the experimental group that suffered a reduction in the morphometric estimates, comparing to control group, with statistical significance, corresponding to the photoreceptor layer, the inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers, 48 hours after exposure. Comparing the exposed groups between themselves, there was a progressive reduction in the morphometric estimates of retinal layers after an increase in time between finishing the exposure and sacrifice, with statistical significance in inner nuclear layer. Conclusion: The retina of rats acutely exposed to cigarette smoke suffered a reduction in the morphometric estimates, with a tendency to progressive reduction in the estimates during the initial 48 hours after exposure

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Godoy, Montanez R. H. "Rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in animals fed diets based on molasses." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372932.

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Pereira, Simone Machado. "Morfologia dos órgãos genitais masculinos do tucuxi amazônico (Sotalia fluviatilis)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-08072008-103909/.

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Sotalia fluviatilis é o único Delphinidae que ocorre em água doce, sendo endêmico da região amazônica. É considerada pela IUCN como espécie insuficientemente conhecida (dados deficientes), estando incluída no Apêndice I da CITES como espécie ameaçada de extinção. Atualmente, vem sendo alvo de caça ilegal para utilização como isca na pesca de um bagre, conhecido como piracatinga. Sendo assim, toda medida para melhor compreensão da biologia desta espécie é de suma importância para assegurar medidas eficazes de conservação no futuro. Neste trabalho foi realizada a descrição morfológica dos órgãos genitais masculinos do tucuxi, através de analises de amostras provenientes dos acervos do Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e do Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Estas foram analisadas através de técnicas macroscópicas, de microscopia óptica e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os órgãos genitais masculinos do tucuxi são compreendidos por grandes testículos e epidídimos típicos, presos à cavidade abdominal pelo mesórquio. Os ductos deferentes são convolutos nas regiões proximais e retos nas suas poções distais, possuindo um pequeno útero masculino entre eles. A próstata é pequena e compacta, coberta pelo músculo compressor da próstata, e envolve toda a uretra pélvica. O pênis é fibroelástico, possuindo uma flexura sigmóide em espiral e a extremidade livre afilada. Os pilares do pênis estão inseridos em pequenos ossos pélvicos, sendo que associados à raiz do pênis estão os músculos isquiocavernoso, bulboesponjoso e retrator do pênis. Em geral, a estrutura macro e microscópica, a localização e a função destes órgãos é semelhante à outras espécies da Ordem Cetacea, com exceção de alguns detalhes.<br>Sotalia fluviatilis is endemic in Amazon region and the only Delphinidae living in freshwater. It is considered by IUCN as an insufficiently known specie (deficient data) and is included in CITES Appendices I as a threatened specie. Additionally, this species is currently hunted and used as bait for fishing practices of a catfish called piracatinga. Thus, all efforts directed toward understanding the biology of this animal are important and may help to implement future conservation strategies. In the present study, samples of males tucuxi\'s genital organs provided by Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá and Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazônia were analyzed by gross and microscopic techniques and by scanning electron microscopy. The male tucuxi\'s genital organs are represented by big testes and a typical epididymis that is adhered to the abdominal cavity wall by the mesorchium. The ductus deferens are convoluted in the proximal region and straight in the distal portion, and a small uterus masculinus is located between them. The prostata is small, compact, covered by the prostate compressor muscle, and totally involves the pelvic urethra. The penis is fibroelastic and characterized by a spiral sigmoid flexure that ends in a tapering cone. The crura are inserted on small pelvic bones, and the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and retractor penis muscles are associated to the base of the penis. In general, the structure, location and function of these organs are similar to other Cetacea species, except about some details.

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Parkinson, Christopher. "The use of cell cultures as an alternative to live animals in acute fish toxicity testing." Thesis, Kingston University, 1988. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20348/.

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The toxicity of various chemicals was investigated in vitro and in vivo in carp ('Cyprinus carpio') and tilapia ('Oreochromis spilurus'). In order to study tilapia in vitro it was necessary to establish and characterise a cell line. A fibroblastic cell line, called TSB cells was derived tilapia brain. A cytotoxicity assay was devised utilising cultures of EPC cells (of carp epithelioma origin) and TSB cells. The effects of the test chemicals were assessed quantitatively by protein assay or lysosomal uptake of Neutral Red dye, and subjectively by light microscopy. The in vivo toxicities of the same chemicals were studied in static 96h LC[sub]50 bioassays. The responses by carp and tilapia to the effects of the chemicals were recorded. In addition, histopathological examination was carried out on a number of tissues of fish employed in the LC[sub]50 tests. From these examinations, further information as to the nature of toxicity caused by each chemical in carp and tilapia was produced. Correlations between in vitro and in vivo acute toxicities were generally good, although the in vitro assays lacked comparable sensitivity. It is therefore not possible at this stage to adequately replace live animals with cell cultures in toxicity testing. However, the results obtained here clearly establish that the use of cell cultures in toxicity assessment programmes could lead to a reduction in the numbers of fish being used. This investigation has also clearly identified the avenues future research has to explore if the use of live fish is to be minimised.

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Oliveira, Roselaine Ponso de. "Estudo do membro pélvico do avestruz: considerações anatômicas, radiográficas e histológicas da rotação tibiotársica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-23062006-140034/.

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Várias doenças músculo esqueléticas foram observadas em aves de rápido crescimento, sendo o elevado peso corporal, associado a uma estrutura óssea em formação, citados como as principais causas responsáveis pela ocorrência destas doenças, resultando em disfunções do aparelho locomotor. Apesar do estudo do membro pélvico do avestruz merecer a atenção de pesquisadores desde o século XIX, tendo sido descrito no tocante à miologia, principalmente, a osteologia e o estudo radiográfico e morfológico envolvidos na RTT ainda não receberam a devida atenção. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um estudo anátomo-patológico e radiográfico das estruturas envolvidas na rotação tibiotársica, assim como estudar as alterações articulares através de artrografias e histologia fazendo uma descrição das considerações anatômicas, macroscópicas, microscópicas e radiográficas do membro pélvico do avestruz (African Black). Para este estudo foram utilizadas trinta avestruzes, com idade entre um mês a um ano de idade, apresentando deformidade de membros pélvicos uni ou bilateral. Dessa forma, será possível contribuir para o entendimento desta enfermidade, que tem causado perdas para a estrutiocultura.<br>Ostrich?s hind limbs study: Anatomical, radiographic and histological considerations of the tibiotarsus rotation. Many skeletal muscles diseases were observed in fast growth, been the hight body wight, to associate with a bone structure in formation citads with the principal responsible cases for ocorrence these deseases, have been disfunction of locomotor arrangment. Despite the fact that the ostrich?s hind limbs have deserved attention from researchers since the 19th century, the myological and osteological descriptions together with the radiographic and morphological study, which involves RTT, have not received any attention yet. This present research intends to make an anatomical, pathological and radiographic study of the structures involved in the tibiotarsus rotation, besides the study of the joint alterations by arthrography and histology, giving one description with anatomical, macroscopic, microscopic and radiographic considerations of the ostrich?s hind limbs. This way, it?ll be possible to contribute to the comprehension of this disease that has caused many losses on the ostrich farm.

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Saviani, Gisele. "Distribuição anatômica e histológica dos componentes do tecido linfóide ao longo do intestino de avestruz (Struthio camelus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-22062006-135534/.

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O avestruz (Struthio camelus), embora compartilhe de muitas adaptações evolucionárias de outros pássaros, possui algumas características anatômicas relacionadas com o seu tubo digestivo que são únicas, entre as quais podemos citar o cólon que se apresenta maior que o ceco (aparece duplicado) . Há algum tempo esta ave têm sido explorada economicamente, principalmente na alimentação como uma carne alternativa para o consumo humano. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as estruturas anatômicas e histológicas do intestino ligadas a distribuição do tecido linfóide . No estudo foram utilizados vinte e quatro avestruzes, com idade entre 2 meses e 2,5 anos, sendo animais destinados ao abate. Para a descrição morfológica utilizou-se a metodologia preconizada Bezuindenhout (1986) e o método de rotina para coloração hematoxilina e eosina. Esperamos contribuir na multiplicação de conhecimentos na área da estrutiocultura.<br>Although the ostrich shares a lot of evolutionary adaptation with other birds, it presents some anatomical characteristics concerning its digestive tube that are unique, like the colon for instance. The ostrich?s colon is bigger than its caecum. The caecum is doubled. The caecum is folded. This bird has been economically exploited, mainly because of its meat as an alternative food for humans. The purpose of the present research is to study the anatomical and histological structures connecting them to the lymphoid tissue distribution. In this study, 24 ostriches between the ages of 2 months and 2 years and a half ? when they?re ready to be slaughtered ? were used. In order to describe the study, the Bezuindenhout methodology and the routine method for printing H. E. and eosine were used.

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Margarido, Clarita Bandeira. "Efeitos pulmonares da hemodiluição normovolêmica aguda com hidroxietilamido ou ringer lactato em porcos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-06102014-111712/.

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Introdução: A hemodiluição normovolêmica aguda (HNA) é estratégia utilizada para diminuir a necessidade de transfusão em procedimentos cirúrgicos. O hematócrito alvo, a solução empregada e os riscos da HNA são controversos e, embora as ações sobre os sistemas nervoso e cardiocirculatório tenham sido extensamente pesquisados, há poucos estudos sobre implicações pulmonares da HNA. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos pulmonares da HNA comparando amido hidroxietílico e Ringer lactato. Métodos: Vinte e cinco porcos foram monitorizados e cateterizados. Utlizou-se anestesia intravenosa contínua com propofol, cetamina, fentanil e pancurônio. Após estabilização da anestesia, os animais foram randomizados: Grupo Controle (n=8), Grupo HES (amido hidroxietílico, n=7) e Grupo RL (Ringer lactato, n=10). Os animais dos grupos II e III foram submetidos a HNA até hematócrito pré-estabelecido de 15%. A retirada do sangue foi acompanhada da expansão plasmática com amido hidroxietílico ou Ringer lactato na proporção de 1:1 ou 3:1 respectivamente. Medidas de mecânica respiratória e oxigenação sangüínea foram realizadas antes da retirada de sangue (T0), ao término da hemodiluição (T1) e após uma e duas horas (T2 e T3). Ao final foram realizadas biópsias pulmonares. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância para medidas repetidas (ANOVA) seguidas pelo teste de Tukey. Resultados: Em relação aos parâmetros do grupo controle, não houve diferença significante durante todo o procedimento. O grupo Ringer lactato demonstrou diminuição da complacência estática e aumento da diferença alvéolo-arterial de O2 (DAa-O2) em relação ao controle (*P<0,05). A análise histopatológica evidenciou atelectasias e alargamento da membrana basal na barreira alvéolo-capilar no grupo Ringer lactato. O grupo amido hidroxietílico apresentou comportamento semelhante ao grupo controle. Conclusões: O estudo sugere que na HNA acentuada, o amido hidroxietílico é superior na preservação estrutural do pulmão, evidenciado pormanter a complacência pulmonar e a oxigenação, quando comparada à realizada com solução de Ringer lactato<br>Introduction: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is a common procedure to decrease the needs of blood transfusion during a variety of surgical procedures. There are controversies regarding ANH such as the target hematocrit, the solution to be used and its risks. Although its effects in heart and brain have been extensively studied; investigations concerning its pulmonary effects are lacking. The aim of this experiment was to compare the pulmonary effects of ANH with hydroxyethyl starch and lactated Ringer\'s. Methods: Twenty five pigs were instrumented for standard hemodynamic monitoring. Intravenous anesthesia consisted continuous infusion of propofol, ketamine, fentanyl and pancuronium. After anesthesia stabilization animals were randomized: Control group (n=8), HES group (hydroxyethyl starch, n=7) and LR group (lactated Ringer\'s, n=10). Animals of Control Group were anesthetized and observed. Group Animals of group HES and LR were submitted to ANH to reach a pre-established hematocrit around 15%. Blood withdrawal was accomplished simultaneously with plasma expansion performed with hydroxyethyl starch (1:1) or with lactated Ringer\'s (3:1). Pulmonary mechanics and oxygen transport and were measured before blood withdrawal (T0), at the end of hemodilution (T1), and one and two hours after the end of the hemodilution (T2, T3). Lungs biopsies were performed at the end. Data were submitted to analysis of Variance for repeated measures followed by the Tukey test. Results: In regard to all parameters of Control group, there were no significant differences during the whole procedure. The LR group demonstrated a decrease in compliance and an increased in (a-A)DO2 (*P<0,05). Hystopathological lung analysis revealed moderate to serious collapses as well as basement membrane enlargement in group LR. The HES data were similar to that found in control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that in severe ANH, HES preserves pulmonary structure and seems to less interfere with pulmonary mechanics and oxygenation indexes when compared to lactated Ringer\'s

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Roux, Candice Rene. "β-cell response to high fat diet induced metabolic demands in the obese Wistar rat". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6454.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: A westernized diet rich in saturated fats and sugars, together with a sedentary lifestyle, has contributed to the dramatic increase in obesity during the last decade (Zimmett et al, 2001; Wild et al, 2004). Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance which are major risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) (Zimmet et al, 2001, Kahn et al, 2006; Schröder et al, 2007). High-fat feeding in rodents induces symptoms similar to the human metabolic syndrome without progression to T2D (Woods et al, 2002; Weir and Bonner-Weir, 2007). The addition of fructose to a high-fat diet exacerbates the insulin resistance and leads to impaired pancreatic function of insulin secretion and glucose intolerance (Basciano et al, 2005; Stanhope et al, 2009). Aims: The aim of this study was to establish the effect of a high-fat and sucrose/fructose diet on glucose metabolism, the development of insulin resistance and β-cell dynamics. Methods: Weanling Wistar rats were randomized into two study groups; study one over an experimental period for three months and study two for twelve months. Each study consisted of a control group that received standard rat chow and water; and two experimental groups receiving either a high-fat diet and water (HFD) or a café diet consisting of HFD with the addition of 15% sucrose/fructose (CFD). Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), glucose stimulated insulin secretion rates and 2-deoxy-[3H]-D-glucose uptake in muscle, liver and fat were measured. The pancreata were harvested for immunohistochemical labeling of β-cells (insulin), α-cells (glucagon), GLUT2 (glucose transport) and MIB5 (proliferation). Samples of the pancreata were also collected for electron microscopy. Results and discussion: Feeding Wistar rats a CFD induced obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. By twelve months the rats had an impaired glucose response with increased IVGTT peak values, area under the curve (AUC) values and glucose clearance rates. Concomitantly, the glucose stimulated insulin secretion rate (GS-ISR) was attenuated. Stimulated glucose disposal as measured by 2-deoxy-[3H]-D-glucose uptake was reduced in muscle and adipose tissue at three months. By twelve months, due to the age of the rats, stimulated glucose uptake declined compared to three months with no difference between groups. After three months the diets had no observable effect on the islets using light microscopy. However, by twelve months morphological changes were observed in both the HFD and CFD groups. In the HFD group large hypertrophied irregular islets with fibrous changes were observed. In the CFD group these morphological changes were more prominent with fibrous segregation and disruption of the normal endocrine arrangement. In addition, the presence of inflammatory cells within the affected islets is consistent with T2D. Conclusion: High-fat diet fed to Wistar rats induced obesity, abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance. The addition of sucrose/fructose to a high-fat diet exacerbated the insulin resistance and resulted in glucose intolerance and mild hyperglycemia. Morphological changes in the large islets were observed which are consistent with the development of T2D.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: ‘n Verwesterde dieët, ryk aan versadigde vette en suikers tesame met 'n passiewe lewenstyl, het bygedra tot die dramatiese verhoging in vetsug gedurende die laaste dekade (Zimmett et al, 2001; Wild et al, 2004). Vetsug word met dislipidemie en insulienweerstandigheid geassosieer wat hoof risikofaktore is vir die ontwikkeling van tipe 2 diabetes (T2D) (Zimmet et al, 2001; Kahn et al, 2006; Schröder et al, 2007). Hoë-vet voeding in knaagdiere induseer simptome soortgelyk aan menslike metaboliese sindroom sonder die ontwikkeling van T2D (Woods et al, 2002; Weir and Bonner-Weir, 2007). Die byvoeging van fruktose tot 'n hoë-vet dieët vererger insulienweerstandigheid en lei tot verswakte pankreas funksie, insuliensekresie en glukoseintoleransie (Basciano et al, 2005; Stanhope et al, 2009). Doelwitte: Die doelwitte van die studie was om die effek van hoë-vet en sukrose/fruktose voeding op glukosemetabolisme, die ontwikkeling van insulienweerstandigheid en β-sel dinamika te bepaal. Metodes: Gespeende Wistar rotte was in twee groepe gerandomiseer; studie een oor ŉ tydperk van drie maande en studie twee oor ŉ tydperk van twaalf maande onderskeidelik. Elke studie het 'n kontrole groep met standaard rot kos en water (control); en twee experimentele diëte wat of ŉ hoë-vet dieët en water (HFD) of 'n kafeedieët groep wat die HFD met die byvoeging van 15% sukrose/fruktose in hul drink water (CFD) ontvang. Fastende glukose en insulien, binneaarse glukose toleransie toets (IVGTT), glukose gestimuleerde insulien sekresie tempo en 2-deoxi-[3H]-D-glukose opname in spier, lewer en vet is gebruik om die effek van die dieët op glukosemetabolisme te bepaal. Die pankreata is uitgehaal vir immunohistochemiese identifisering van β-selle (insulien), α-selle (glukagoon), GLUT2 (glukose transport) en MIB5 (proliferasie). Monsters van die pankreata was ook vir elektronmikroskopie versamel. Resultate en bespreking: Voeding van ŉ CFD aan Wistar rotte induseer vetsug, insulienweerstandigheid en glukose-intoleransie Teen twaalf maande toon die rotte 'n verswakte respons tot glukose met verhoogde IVGTT piekwaardes, AUC waardes en glukose opruimingswaardes. Terselfdetyd is die glukose gestimuleerde insuliensekresie tempo (GS-ISR) ook verswak. Gestimuleerde glukose opruiming, soos deur 2-deoxi-[3H]-D-glukose opname bepaal, was verlaag in spier en vetweefsel teen drie maande. Teen twaalf maande, weens die ouderdom van die rotte, is die gestimuleerde glukose opname verlaag in vergelyking met drie maande sonder 'n verskil tussen groepe. Na drie maande kon geen sigbare morfologiese verskille met ligmikroskopie tussen die diëte waargeneem word nie. Teen twaalf maande is morfologiese verskille waargeneem in beide die HFD en die CFD groepe. In die HFD groep is groot hipertrofiese onreëlmatige eilande met fibrotiese verandering waargeneem. In die CFD groep was die morfologiese verandering meer gevorder met fibrotiese onderverdeling en ontwrigting van die normale endokriene rangskikking. Die teenwoordigheid van inflammatoriese selle in die geaffekteerde eilande is verenigbaar met T2D. Afleiding: Die voer van 'n hoë-vet dieët aan Wistar rotte veroorsaak vetsug, abdominale adipositeit en insulienweerstandigheid. Die byvoeging van sukrose/ fruktose tot die hoë-vet dieët vererger die insulienweerstandigheid en veroorsaak glukoseintoleransie en matige hiperglukemie. Morfologiese veranderings in die groter eilande was verenigbaar met T2D.

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Books on the topic "Animal anatomy and histology"

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1.

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Textbook of veterinary histology. Saunders-Elsevier, 2007.

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Sidorova, Mariya. Morphology lesopromyshlennik animals (anatomy and histology). INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24497.

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Aughey, Elizabeth. Comparative veterinary histology: With clinical correlates. Iowa State University Press, 2001.

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Dyce, K. M. Textbook of veterinary anatomy. 4th ed. Saunders/Elsevier, 2010.

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Dyce, K. M. Textbook of veterinary anatomy. Saunders, 1987.

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Dyce, K. M. Textbook of veterinary anatomy. 4th ed. Saunders/Elsevier, 2010.

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O, Sack W., and Wensing Cornelis Johannes Gerardus, eds. Textbook of veterinary anatomy. 2nd ed. Saunders, 1995.

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O, Sack W., and Wensing Cornelis Johannes Gerardus, eds. Textbook of veterinary anatomy. 3rd ed. Saunders, 2002.

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McCracken, Thomas. Color atlas of small animal anatomy: The essentials. Blackwell Pub., 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Animal anatomy and histology"

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Examination of a Hydra." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_1.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Dissection of a Frog (Rana sp.)." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_10.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Dissection of a Chicken (Gallus domesticus)." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_11.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Dissection of the Rat (Rattus norvegicus)." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_12.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Examination of a Planarian." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_2.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Dissection of a Roundworm (Ascaris suum)." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_3.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Dissection of the Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_4.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Dissection of a Snail (Helix pomatia)." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_5.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Dissection of a Freshwater Mussel (Anodonta anatina)." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_6.

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Lőw, Péter, Kinga Molnár, and György Kriska. "Dissection of a Crayfish (Astacus astacus)." In Atlas of Animal Anatomy and Histology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25172-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Animal anatomy and histology"

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Vengrenyuk, Yuliya, Theodore J. Kaplan, Luis Cardoso, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, and Sheldon Weinbaum. "Biomechanical Modeling of Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE Deficient Mice." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206571.

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Cardiovascular disease remains the principal killer in the western world despite major advances in treatment of its patients [1]. It is generally accepted that sudden rupture of vulnerable plaque followed by thrombus formation underlies most cases of myocardial infarction and is responsible for more than a half of 500,000 coronary heart disease deaths every year. Although histopathological analysis of postmortem specimens have provided important data on histological features of ruptured human plaques, there is an urgent need for good representative animal models of plaque rupture. Over the last decade and a half, genetically engineered mice have been widely used to study the pathogenesis and potential treatment of atherosclerotic lesions, as well as genetic, hormonal and environmental influences on development of atherosclerosis. Though many of the features of plaque development and progression that occur in human plaques are similarly observed in murine plaques, these mouse models have long been regarded as poor models to study plaque rupture because the aortic sinus lesions seldom show any signs of fibrous cap disruption. Several recent studies reported potentially unstable atherosclerotic lesions in older apoE-deficient mice in another anatomic site, the proximal part of the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) [2, 3]. The unusual stability of aortic lesions compared to the BCA lesions in ApoE knockout mice is an unexplained paradox in developing a mouse model of plaque rupture. In this paper, we use histology based finite element analysis to evaluate peak circumferential stresses in aortic and BCA lesions from high fat fed ApoE KO mice.

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YuRong Yang and YiBao Jiang. "Anatomy and Histology of cloaca in African ostrich (Struthio camelus)." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964023.

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Richter, Claus-Peter, Xiaodong Tan, Hunter Young, et al. "A comparison of classical histology to anatomy revealed by hard x-rays." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Stuart R. Stock, Bert Müller, and Ge Wang. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2239146.

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Morimoto, David, Kathleen M. Keehan, Paul E. Kilbride, and Norman P. Blair. "Retinal Reattachment of the Human Macula Assessed by Imaging Fundus Reflectometry." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1990.tha4.

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Visual recovery following retinal reattachment surgery may be limited by a number of factors. Detachment of the macula is the most important of these, often yielding poor visual acuity after an anatomic success. Gross morphologic changes giving a poor visual result include macular pucker, cellophane maculopathy, cystoid macular edema, and subretinal fibrosis. Some cases with a normal appearing macula by ophthalmoscopy have reduced visual acuity, and these have been attributed to misalignment of photoreceptors, faulty regeneration of photoreceptors, or RPE atrophy (4,5,6). Histologic animal studies have shown degeneration of photoreceptor outer segments following retinal detachment with gradual regeneration following reattachment (2,8). In this report we use fundus reflectometry in vivo to compare the spatial distribution of the visual pigments, contained in photoreceptor outer segments, in 3 patients following retinal reattachment surgery with 9 controls.

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Hajari, Nasim, Irene Cheng, Anup Basu, and Guillaume Lavoue. "Evaluation of 3D Model Segmentation Techniques Based on Animal Anatomy." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2013.558.

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Singh, Vishal, Ashu Guru, Bucky L. Gwartney, and Steven J. Jones. "A novel way to study muscle anatomy of the beef animal." In ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Educators program. ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1186107.1186134.

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Firwan, Nasya Nurma Zushita, Muslim Akmal, Dian Masyitha, M. Nur Salim, M. Jalaluddin, and Tongku Nizwan Siregar. "Histology and Histomorphometry of Testes in Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) Based on Age Level." In 2nd International Conference on Veterinary, Animal, and Environmental Sciences (ICVAES 2020). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210420.046.

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Aryani, Deci, Dian Masyitha, Zainuddin, et al. "Histology and Histomorphometry of Kidney on Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) During Pre and Post Hatch." In 2nd International Conference on Veterinary, Animal, and Environmental Sciences (ICVAES 2020). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210420.024.

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Alegre-Martínez, Antoni, María Isabel Martínez-Martínez, José Luis Alfonso Sánchez, María M. Morales Suárez-Varela, and Agustín Llopis González. "Results of the implementation of a virtual microscope in a course of histology." In HEAd'16 - International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head16.2016.2626.

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The course of Anatomy and Histology is studied in the first year of Dentistry at the University Cardenal Herrera CEU (Alfara del Patriarca, Spain). Its practices consist on choose freely six samples and draw their most representative features. These practices were made by optical microscopy until 2014, and in 2015 was introduced the virtual microscope exclusively. The aim of the study is to test whether this new teaching method has improved the quality of exercise and the understanding shown by students. First, the best exercises of both years were chosen, and from them some drawings from the same tissue were compared. Some tissues which samples for optical microscope were hard to obtain, were drawn for the very first time thanks to the virtual microscope. Also, with the virtual microscopy the drawings contained more details and definition. The understanding of the structures improved, shown by a more functional, detailed and defined vision of the tissues. The labels of the virtual microscope helped to the self-study and avoided the loss of unnoticed structures. In conclusion, replacement of optical microscope by the virtual microscope is a teaching improvement and facilitates student learning.

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Koff, Matthew F., Thomas R. Gardner, Eric Balaguer, Chris Kawcak, C. Wayne McIlwraith, and Van C. Mow. "Precise Quantitative Models of the Equine Articular Carpus Anatomy and Contact Areas." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23054.

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Abstract Osteochondral diseases occur within ail bones and cartilages of the equine carpus and can lead to loss of athletic use and occasionally catastrophic injury that necessitate euthanasia. The intensity and direction of stresses that lead to such injuries are unknown. Joint modeling is a commonly used technique in human orthopaedic research that allows investigators to determine the internal stresses of joints. Through the use of computer models, various scenarios, such as ligament damage, can be simulated and changes in the resulting joint surface stresses determined [1]. The purpose of this study was to experimentally obtain precise quantitative contact area data of the articular surfaces of the distal radius, the proximal and distal aspects of the radial carpal bone and the proximal aspect of the 3rd carpal bone of the equine carpus. These data provide normative contact and cartilage thickness values for the equine carpus that will facilitate the use of this joint as a large animal model for osteoarthritis studies. Furthermore, these experimental data will serve as the basis for the development and calibration of an equine carpus whole joint computer model.

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Reports on the topic "Animal anatomy and histology"

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Stepanyuk, Alla V., Liudmyla P. Mironets, Tetiana M. Olendr, Ivan M. Tsidylo, and Oksana B. Stoliar. Methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology school course studying. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3887.

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This paper considers the problem of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in secondary schools. It has been examined how well the scientific problem is developed in pedagogical theory and educational practice. The methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school, which involves the use of the Play Market server applications, Smart technologies and a website, has been created. After the analyses of the Play Market server content, there have been found several free of charge applications, which can be used while studying biology in a basic school. Among them are the following: Anatomy 4D, Animal 4D+, Augmented Reality Dinosaurs – my ARgalaxy, BioInc – Biomedical Plague, Plan+Net. Their choice is caused by the specifics of the object of biological cognition (life in all its manifestations) and the concept of bio(eco)centrism, which recognizes the life of any living system as the highest value. The paper suggests the original approach for homework checking, which involves besides computer control of students’ learning outcomes, the use of Miracast wireless technology. This demands the owning of a smartphone, a multimedia projector, and a Google Chromecast type adapter. The methodology of conducting a mobile front-line survey at the lesson on the learned or current material in biology in the test form, with the help of the free Plickers application, has been presented. The expediency of using the website builder Ucoz.ua for creation of a training website in biology has been substantiated. The methodology of organizing the educational process in biology in a basic school using the training website has been developed. Recommendations for using a biology training website have been summarized. According to the results of the forming experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology of using mobile Internet devices in the process of biology studying in a basic school has been substantiated.

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