Journal articles: 'Animal anatomy and histology'

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Chinsamy, Anusuya. "Dinosaur Bone Histology: Implications and Inferences." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009539.

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A study of the anatomy and morphology of a fossil skeleton indicates the overall size, posture, and form of the animal. Even various functional aspects of the skeleton such as preferred mode of locomotion and chewing mechanisms can be deduced from such studies. But the desire to understand dinosaurs as dynamic, once-living animals and not merely as taxonomic entities arranged in phylogenetic schemes, goes beyond this. In 1842, Sir Richard Owen not only presented dinosaurs taxonomically but he also initiated the quest to understand the biology of these animals. In recent decades, the study of dinosaur paleobiology has blossomed, and has provided a crucial link between studies of morphology (structures) and that of function and physiology.

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Zeng, L., M. Takeya, X. Ling, A. Nagasaki, and K. Takahashi. "Interspecies reactivities of anti-human macrophage monoclonal antibodies to various animal species." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 44, no. 8 (1996): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/44.8.8756757.

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We examined interspecies reactivities of eight anti-human monocyte/macrophage monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), Am-3K, PM-2K, X4, X14, Ber-MAC3, GHI/61, EBM/11, and KP1, with various animal tissues including rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, goats, pigs, bovines, horses, and monkeys. All MAbs recognized monkey macrophages. Pig macrophages were detected by most MAbs except for EBM/11 and KP1. Of the eight antibodies, AM-3K showed the widest interspecies reactivity. It reacted with macrophages of all animal species examined, except for rats. Western blot analysis revealed a similarity in the antigens recognized by AM-3K among guinea pigs, rabbits, and humans. Other anti-human MAbs demonstrated distinct reactive patterns against macrophages in animals. The immunostaining patterns of all of these MAbs in animal tissues were similar to those found in humans, although some MAbs, such as AM-3K, EBM/11, and X4, displayed more restricted reactivity in animals than in humans. These results indicate that some anti-human monocyte/macrophage MAbs are also available for immunohistochemical detection of monocyte/macrophages in animal tissues. Among them, AM-3K is considered to be the most useful MAb for identifying macrophages in various tissues of animals.

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Hill, Robert V. "Comparative anatomy and histology of xenarthran osteoderms." Journal of Morphology 267, no. 12 (2006): 1441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10490.

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Weiss, Kristina, and Heike Wägele. "On the Morphology, Anatomy and Histology of three species of Onchidella (Gastropoda: Gymnomorpha: Onchidiida)." Archiv für Molluskenkunde 127, no. 1-2 (1998): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/127/1998/69.

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Gascon-Barré, M., P. M. Huet, J. Belgiorno, V. Plourde, and P. A. Coulombe. "Estimation of collagen content of liver specimens. Variation among animals and among hepatic lobes in cirrhotic rats." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 3 (1989): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.3.2465335.

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We undertook a study to evaluate the correlation between morphometric evaluation and colorimetric determination of hepatic collagen content, and to analyze the variation among animals as well as among lobes of the same liver in hepatic collagen content after CCl4-induced micronodular cirrhosis. The results revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.9458; p less than 0.001) between the morphometric and colorimetric methods of collagen evaluation of liver specimens; both methods also significantly distinguished data obtained from controls and from cirrhotic rats (p less than 0.0005). After induction of micronodular cirrhosis by chronic CCl4 administration, a highly significant variation in hepatic collagen content was observed among animals (p less than 0.0001). By contrast, no significant difference in collagen content was observed (p less than 0.05) among hepatic lobes of a given animal. These results indicate that in this animal model of liver cirrhosis, interpretation of biochemical data would benefit by being related to the severity of the hepatic collagen infiltration of each animal. Our data also show that representative values for total hepatic collagen infiltration can be obtained from a single liver specimen; we suggest, however, that the specimen be taken from a major lobe of the liver and that a sufficiently large number of animals be used to avoid occasional sampling errors.

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Ilhomovna, Kamalova Malika. "ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY." American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 04, no. 03 (2022): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume04issue03-09.

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In this article we will review the anatomy and histology of the nasal cavity - its sections, structure and vascular and nerve supply. For experimental rhinology, the choice of a laboratory animal is very important. The scattered information on the morphology of the nose and paranasal sinuses forces the researcher to study the literature from various branches of biology (zoology, embryology, veterinary medicine, etc.) for a long time. Having analysed works describing the anatomy and morphology of the nose and paranasal sinuses in various laboratory animals.

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Schamhardt, H. C., A. J. Van den Bogert, and W. Hartman. "Measurement Techniques in Animal Locomotion Analysis." Cells Tissues Organs 146, no. 2-3 (1993): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147433.

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de Carvalho, Paulo, Sérgio Guerra, Márcia Rizzo, Andrezza da Silva, Maria Cavalcante, and Airton Conde Júnior. "Morphology of the Cervical Lymph Nodes of Agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler, 1831)." Journal of Morphological Sciences 35, no. 03 (2018): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675395.

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AbstractIn the scientific literature, works related to the morphology and histology of agoutis, Dasyprocta prymnolopha, Wagler, 1831, approach several organs and systems. However, none referenced the lymph nodes of this animal. The objectives of the present study were to perform morphological and histological analyses, under optical microscopy, of the cranial and cervical lymph nodes of agoutis, comparing them with the typical lymph nodes of already documented animal species. In the present work, four animals were used, respecting all the ethical and legal aspects, followed by the development of methodologies related to the morphology and histology in question. The results obtained did not show significant morphological and histological differences between the cranial and cervical lymph nodes of agoutis when compared with typical lymph nodes of the animal kingdom.

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González-Rellán, Sonia, Andrés Barreiro, José Manuel Cifuentes, and Patricia Fdz-de-Trocóniz. "Anatomy of the Palmar Region of the Carpus of the Dog." Animals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12121573.

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The palmar region of the canine carpus is anatomically complex, and the information found in the literature about its anatomy is inconsistent. The aims of this prospective, descriptive, anatomic study were (1) the clarification and (2) the description of the precise anatomic composition of the palmar region of the canine carpus, with special reference to the canalis carpi. For this study, 92 cadaveric specimens were obtained from 46 dogs that had died for reasons unrelated to this study. Of these, 43 medium-to-large-breed dogs were randomly selected for the dissection of transverse slices of the carpus. Samples of the flexor retinaculum and flexor carpi radialis tendon and surrounding tissues were taken for complementary histology. For additional histology of the palmar structures in their anatomical position, three small breed dogs were randomly selected for obtaining transverse slices. The anatomic characteristics of the components of the palmar region of the canine carpus were qualitatively described, with special attention to the following structures: flexor retinaculum, flexor carpi radialis muscle, arteria and vena mediana, nervus medianus, interflexorius muscle, flexor digitorum profundus muscle, canalis carpi, and arteria and nervus ulnaris. The findings from this study provide reference information about the anatomy of the palmar region of the canine carpus.

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De Russi, Brenno Marco, and Camila Albuquerque Melo Carvalho. "Anatomic and Embryological Aspects of the Cardiovascular System of Albino Wistar Rats." Journal of Morphological Sciences 36, no. 04 (2019): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697008.

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AbstractThe Wistar albino rat is the animal most commonly used in scientific research around the world. Knowledge of the anatomy of the body of these animals is key in the research field, especially in cases when the research requires experimental surgery. Descriptive literature on the morphology of the cardiovascular system of these animals, particularly the heart, is old and difficult to access. Publications in journals are not readily available, and books approach the subject in a superficial way. The aim of this study is to research, organize, and translate the literature on the anatomy and embryology of the cardiovascular system of the albino Wistar rat to facilitate the use of this information in future research that requires the knowledge of the anatomy of these animals, for example, experimental surgery research.

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Van den Bogerf, A. J., and H. C. Schamhardt. "Multi-Body Modelling and Simulation of Animal Locomotion." Cells Tissues Organs 146, no. 2-3 (1993): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000147428.

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12

Tsai, Eve C., Rita L. van Bendegem, Steven W. Hwang, and Charles H. Tator. "A Novel Method for Simultaneous Anterograde and Retrograde Labeling of Spinal Cord Motor Tracts in the Same Animal." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 49, no. 9 (2001): 1111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540104900905.

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Examination of repaired spinal cord tracts has usually required separate groups of animals for anterograde and retrograde tracing owing to the incompatibility of techniques such as tissue fixation. However, anterograde and retrograde labeling of different animals subjected to the same repair may not allow accurate examination of that repair strategy because widely variable results can occur in animals subjected to the same strategy. We have developed a reliable method of labeling spinal cord motor tracts bidirectionally in the same animal using DiI, a lipophilic dye, to anterogradely label the corticospinal tract and Fluoro-Gold (FG) to retrogradely label cortical and brainstem neurons of several spinal cord motor tracts in normal and injured adult rats. Other tracer combinations (lipophilic dyes or fluorescent dextrans) were also investigated but were less effective. We also developed methods to minimize autofluorescence with the DiI/FG technique, and found that the DiI/FG technique is compatible with decalcification and immunohistochemistry for several markers relevant for studies of spinal cord regeneration. Thus, the use of anterograde DiI and retrograde FG is a novel technique for bidirectional labeling of the motor tracts of the adult spinal cord with fluorescent tracers and should be useful for demonstrating neurite regeneration in studies of spinal cord repair. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:1111–1122, 2001)

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Ogborn, M. R., S. Sareen, K. Tomobe, H. Takahashi, and J. F. Crocker. "Renal tubule Na,K-ATPase polarity in different animal models of polycystic kidney disease." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 43, no. 8 (1995): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/43.8.7622841.

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Apical mislocation of the ubiquitous transport enzyme Na,K-ATPase has been implicated as a feature of cyst development in in vitro studies of human polycystic kidney disease (PKD) epithelia. We undertook an immunohistochemical study of murine glucocorticoid-induced PKD, the pcy mouse, the cpk mouse, and the diphenylthiazole (DPT)-induced rat models of PKD to determine if this feature was common to these models of cyst development. Distribution of Na,K-ATPase was determined with a polyclonal anti-Na,K-ATPase antibody and a nickel-silver-enhanced peroxidase color development system. Results were documented objectively with densitometric techniques. Control animals appropriate to the age, strain, and species of the experimental groups demonstrated the expected polar distribution of Na,K-ATPase to the basolateral surface. This distribution was more marked in mature animals. Tubular dilatation and cystic change, however, were associated with increased apical Na,K-ATPase in all models. The murine models demonstrated decreased basolateral staining for Na,K-ATPase compared with controls, although this was not a feature of the DPT rat model. Abnormal location of Na,K-ATPase is a shared feature of a variety of animal models and human PKD. This may contribute to abnormal fluid and electrolyte flux favoring cyst formation or may represent expression of a less differentiated renal tubule epithelial phenotype.

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Siemiatkowski, M., L. Plöen, and N. Björkman. "Combined Perfusion and Percolation of Embalmed Animal Bodies for Removing Formaldehyde." Cells Tissues Organs 133, no. 3 (1988): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146648.

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Gama Sosa, Miguel A., Rita De Gasperi, and Gregory A. Elder. "Animal transgenesis: an overview." Brain Structure and Function 214, no. 2-3 (2009): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-009-0230-8.

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Starcher, Barry, Ronnie L. Aycock, and Charles H. Hill. "Multiple Roles for Elastic Fibers in the Skin." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, no. 4 (2005): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.4a6484.2005.

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Dermal elastic fibers are believed to have a primary role in providing elastic stretch and recoil to the skin. Here we compare the structural arrangement of dermal elastic fibers of chick skin and different animal species. Most elastic fibers in chick skin are derived from cells that line the feather follicle and/or smooth muscle that connects the pterial and apterial muscle bundles to feather follicles. Elastic fibers in the dermis of animals with single, primary hair follicles are derived from cells lining the hair follicle or from the ends of the pili muscle, which anchors the muscle to the matrix or to the hair follicle. Each follicle is interconnected with elastic fibers. Follicles of animals with primary and secondary (wool) hair follicles are also interconnected by elastic fibers, yet only the elastic fibers derived from the primary follicle are connected to each primary follicle. Only the primary hair follicles are connected to the pili muscle. Human skin, but not the skin of other primates, is significantly different from other animals with respect to elastic fiber organization and probably cell of origin. The data suggest that the primary role for elastic fibers in animals, with the possible exception of humans, is movement and/or placement of feathers or hair.

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Bencsik, Anna A., Anthony W. Coleman, Sabine O. S. Debeer, Hervé Perron, and Aly Moussa. "Amplified Immunohistochemical Detection of PrPsc in Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Using Streptomycin." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 54, no. 8 (2006): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.5c6895.2006.

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Gibson, Carolyn W., Ashok B. Kulkarni, and J. Timothy Wright. "The Use of Animal Models to Explore Amelogenin Variants in Amelogenesis Imperfecta." Cells Tissues Organs 181, no. 3-4 (2005): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000091381.

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Zimermann, Francielli Cordeiro, Silvia Carnaccini, Chiara Palmieri, and H. L. Shivaprasad. "The Nasal Gland in Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo): Anatomy, Histology, and Ultrastructure." Avian Diseases 63, no. 4 (2019): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00088.

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Bencsik, Anna A., Sabine O. S. Debeer, and Thierry G. M. Baron. "An Alternative Pretreatment Procedure in Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Diagnosis Using PrPsc Immunohistochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, no. 10 (2005): 1199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.5c6703.2005.

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Because of its sensitivity, immunohistochemistry (IHC) of abnormal prion protein (PrPsc) is used more often in the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), such as scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). PrPsc IHC requires a combination of pretreatments (chemical, heating, and enzymatic). The method of application may depend on the anti-prion antibody considered. If these pretreatments are efficient for diagnostic purpose, it may, however, be interesting to use an alternative method to efficiently detect PrPsc IHC immunohistochemically using chemical pretreatments solely. Here we describe such pretreatments reporting the difficulty (section adhesion) but also the potential advantages of such methods (easy, quick, inexpensive, and amplifying effect).

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Pompei, P., R. Severini, D. Pediconi, et al. "Regulation of Preprotachykinin-A Gene Expression in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 49, no. 11 (2001): 1469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540104901114.

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Ziehmer, B., S. Ogle, A. Signorella, C. Knorr, and A. A. Macdonald. "Anatomy and histology of the reproductive tract of the female Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis)." Theriogenology 74, no. 2 (2010): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.01.029.

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Sakulsak, Natthiya, Tomohiko Wakayama, Wiphawi Hipkaeo, Miyuki Yamamoto, and Shoichi Iseki. "Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Animal Lectin Expressed in the Rat Sublingual Gland." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, no. 11 (2005): 1335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.5a6618.2005.

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We cloned a rat gene that is expressed primarily in the sublingual gland and named the predicted 503 amino-acid protein SLAMP (sublingual acinar membrane protein). SLAMP has 63% homology with human ERGIC-53-like protein, a member of the family of animal L-type lectins. Using a cDNA probe for SLAMP mRNA and rabbit antisera against SLAMP, we examined the expression and localization of SLAMP in major rat organs and tissues. With both Northern and Western blot analyses, abundant expression of SLAMP was demonstrated predominantly in the sublingual gland, with single sizes of the mRNA and protein 1.8 kb and 50 kDa, respectively, but not in other organs or tissues, including the parotid and submandibular glands. With immunohistochemistry, SLAMP was localized to the mucous acinar cells, but not to the serous demilunes or the duct system. With immunoelectron microscopy, SLAMP was localized predominantly to regions corresponding to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Besides the sublingual gland, SLAMP immunore-activity was also demonstrated in mucous cells of the minor salivary glands in oral cavity and of Brunner's glands in the duodenum. These results suggested that rat SLAMP plays a specific role in the early secretory pathway of glycoproteins in specific types of mucous cells.

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Nin, Gerardo H. Vázquez, Olga M. Echeverría, Guadalupe Zavala, Luis F. J. Jiménez-García, Marco A. Gozalez, and Rosario Parra. "Relations between Nucleolar Morphometric Parameters and Pre-rRNA Synthesis in Animal and Plant Cells." Cells Tissues Organs 126, no. 3 (1986): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146203.

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Hamlett, W. C., F. J. Schwartz, R. Schmeinda, and E. Cuevas. "Anatomy, histology, and development of the cardiac valvular system in elasmobranchs." Journal of Experimental Zoology 275, no. 2-3 (1996): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19960601/15)275:2/3<83::aid-jez3>3.0.co;2-9.

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Holleran, Julianne L., Carson J. Miller, and Lloyd A. Culp. "Tracking Micrometastasis to Multiple Organs with lacZ-tagged CWR22R Prostate Carcinoma Cells." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 48, no. 5 (2000): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540004800508.

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SUMMARY Metastasis to organs other than lung is rarely observed in animal model systems of human prostate carcinoma (PCA), with the exception of already metastatic isolates of human PCA cultured for long periods of time. To analyze more directly the evolution of metastatic variants from primary PCA tumor isolates, the lacZ histochemical marker gene was transfected into the CWR22Rv1 cell line isolated from the CWR22R xenograft (primary tumor). Three clones of varying lacZ-expression stability were analyzed for tumorigenicity and progression in athymic nude mice. Clones B and D were highly tumorigenic in the subcutis; however, lacZ expression was highly unstable. In contrast, clone H demonstrated highly stable lacZ expression for >25 passages in culture or in animals. Clone H, injected sc in a PBS vehicle, gave a 15-40% tumorigenic take. All primary tumor-bearing animals exhibited micrometastases in lung and other organs. Clone H injected in a Matrigel vehicle gave 100% tumorigenicity, with all animals displaying micrometastases in lung, liver, and/or bone (lower frequency in brain and kidney). Overall, the relative frequency of micrometastasis to multiple organs was lung>liver=bone>>brain>kidney. Overt metastases were never observed in the lung or bone but were occasionally found in liver. lacZ-transfected clone H CWR22Rv1 cells represent a much more accurate model of metastasis of PCA to the organs normally involved in progression of the human disease. Use of marker gene-tagged cells and other high-resolution molecular techniques will now permit analyses of the earliest events in PCA progression and micrometastasis.

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Chapeau, C., J. Gutkowska, P. W. Schiller, et al. "Localization of immunoreactive synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the heart of various animal species." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 33, no. 6 (1985): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/33.6.3158698.

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The localization of two synthetic fragments of the C-terminal portion of atrial natriuretic factor: Arg 101-Tyr 126 which displays full biological activity and Leu 94-Arg 109 which is completely devoid of biological activity, has been investigated by immunohisto- and immunocytochemical methods in the heart of mammals (rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, man) and nonmammalian vertebrates toad (Bufo marinus), frog (Rana catesbeiana), fish (Cyprinus carpio, Puntius schwanenfeldi, Cichlosoma biocellatum, Carrasius auratus), snake (Python reticulatus) and hen. Antibodies against the synthetic fragments of ANF were raised in rabbits and used either for immunofluorescence (Coons' technique), immunohistochemistry (unlabeled antibody technique) or immunocytochemistry (protein A-gold technique). Results obtained by immunofluorescence and by the unlabeled antibody technique were similar: antibodies against Arg 101-Tyr 126 ANF allowed visualization of granulated cardiocytes in the atria of all mammals. While the reaction was very strong in rat and mouse, it was less so in the rabbit and very weak in all other species studied including man. Antibodies against Leu 94-Arg 109 ANF produced a reaction only in the rat and mouse. In nonmammalian vertebrates, the reaction was always much stronger in atria than ventricles of all species with both antibodies.

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Inoue, Keita, Harunosuke Kato, Takahiro Sato, et al. "Evaluation of Animal Models for the Hair-Inducing Capacity of Cultured Human Dermal Papilla Cells." Cells Tissues Organs 190, no. 2 (2009): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000178021.

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Ebertowska, A., B. Ludkiewicz, I. Klejbor, N. Melka, and J. Moryś. "Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency: morphological and metabolic effects, creation of animal model to search for curative treatment." Folia Morphologica 79, no. 2 (2020): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/fm.a2020.0020.

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Tamayo-Arango, Lynda, and Anderson Garzón-Alzate. "Preservation of Animal Cadavers with a Formaldehyde-free Solution for Gross Anatomy." Journal of Morphological Sciences 35, no. 02 (2018): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669434.

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AbstractMotivated by the current health safety regulations at Universidad de Antioquia, our laboratory changed the animal cadavers preserving solution based on formaldehyde, methanol, glycerin and phenol to a formula based on 85% ethanol, 10% glycerin, and 5% benzalkonium chloride. A total of 33 donated cadavers were preserved with this formula so far: 4 goats, 16 dogs, 3 cats and 10 bovine fetuses. Red and blue latex dyes were injected into the vascular systems. Small cadavers were first injected with latex, followed by muscular and intracavitary injection with the preservation fluid and immersion in 96% ethanol. Large cadavers were vascularly injected, wrapped in plastic bags and vascularly repleted with latex during the next 8 days. Samples were taken for microbiological analysis from 3 cadavers: 1 cadaver wrapped with plastic for 2 months, 1 cadaver immersed for 4 months, and 1 cadaver after 15 days of perfusion. The first way to preserve cadavers was more time-consuming, but it rendered cadavers with a more thorough distribution of latex on small arteries and veins. An enhanced flexibility of joints and tissues promoted an easier dissection process, even of the most distal regions, allowing the movement of tendons along their sheaths. Also, a better color preservation was observed in spite of a darkening after the tissues were exposed to the air. There was no gross evidence of decay from bacterial or fungal growth, and the cultures were negative. The most important advantage of this formula is its lower toxicity and cost.

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Hazlett, L. D., and P. Mathieu. "Glycoconjugates on corneal epithelial surface: effect of neuraminidase treatment." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 8 (1989): 1215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.8.2754252.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure to quantitatively examine corneal epithelial apical cell membrane-associated glycoconjugates. Saccharide moieties on young, mature, and aged corneal epithelial cells were detected and localized in corneas of immature and adult mice by using colloidal gold-labeled lectins and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In general, dense binding to the corneal epithelial apical surface cell membranes with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was seen in the adult, whereas the immature cornea bound less WGA-gold. Neuraminidase digestion decreased binding of the conjugate on epithelial plasma membranes of young and mature cells in adult cornea. Lectin-gold binding was decreased in the immature cornea on mature and aged cells. WGA-gold binding after neuraminidase was elevated on young cells of immature and on aged cells of adult animals. No binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA) or horse gram agglutinin (DBA) to the corneal epithelial surface was seen in animals of either age. After neuraminidase digestion, PNA binding sites were exposed only on the adult corneal surface. These data suggest that a terminal trisaccharide sequence, sialic acid-galactose beta(1----3)-N-acetylgalactosamine, is present at the adult corneal surface but is absent or at undetectable levels at the corneal surface of the immature animal. These data may be of significance in light of the dissimilar pattern of P. aeruginosa recognition and binding to the immature vs adult corneal epithelium.

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Ziehmer, B., A. Signorella, A. F. L. M. Kneepkens, et al. "The anatomy and histology of the reproductive tract of the male Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis)." Theriogenology 79, no. 7 (2013): 1054–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.01.025.

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Kristensson, K., N. K. Zeller, M. E. Dubois-Dalcq, and R. A. Lazzarini. "Expression of myelin basic protein gene in the developing rat brain as revealed by in situ hybridization." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 4 (1986): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.4.2419396.

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The developmental program controlling the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) gene was studied in the rat using the technique of in situ hybridization. A 35S-labeled cDNA clone of mouse MBP encoding an amino acid sequence present in all four of the major forms of rodent MBP was used. The probe hybridized to the tracts of white matter with different intensities, depending on the age of the animal and the region of the brain examined. In the medulla oblongata, maximal hybridization was found in 5- and 7-day-old rats and was confined to the tectospinal tracts, fibers of the seventh cranial nerve, and the spinocerebellar tracts. By 12 days the amount of MBP mRNA had decreased in these areas. In the cerebrum, the greatest amount of MBP mRNA was observed in 17-day-old rats in the radiations of the corpus callosum. Thereafter, the levels decreased but could still be observed in the adult animals. Thus, using this technique, we have been able to demonstrate that the level of MBP-specific mRNA correlates closely with the development of myelin in different regions of the brain.

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Endo, Hideki, Motoki Sasaki, Hiroyuki Kogiku, et al. "Anatomy and histology of the stomach in a newborn pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis)." Mammal Study 26, no. 1 (2001): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3106/mammalstudy.26.53.

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Falini, B., L. Flenghi, M. Fagioli, et al. "Evolutionary conservation in various mammalian species of the human proliferation-associated epitope recognized by the Ki-67 monoclonal antibody." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 10 (1989): 1471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.10.2476477.

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The human proliferation-associated epitope recognized by the Ki-67 monoclonal antibody (MAb) was detected in proliferating normal and neoplastic cells of many mammalian species (lamb, calf, dog, rabbit, rat) besides human. In contrast, Ki-67 stained proliferating cells from other species weakly (mouse) or not at all (swine, cat, chicken, pigeon). The immunostaining pattern of Ki-67 in animal tissues was identical to that previously described in human: Ki-67 reacted only with cells known to proliferate (e.g., germinal center cells, cortical thymocytes) but not with resting cells (e.g., hepatocytes, brain cells, renal cells); this MAb produced a characteristic nuclear staining pattern (e.g., stronger labeling of nucleoli than of the rest of the nuclei and staining of chromosomes in mitotic figures); and Ki-67 crossreacted with the squamous epithelium in both animal and human tissues. In vitro studies showed that when quiescent (Ki-67-negative) NIH 3T3 fibroblasts or bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes were induced to proliferate, the appearance of Ki-67-positive cells paralleled the induction of cell proliferation caused by addition of fetal calf serum or PHA, respectively, to the cultures, and in both human and rat proliferating cells the Ki-67 expression closely paralleled the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine. These findings indicate that the epitope recognized by the Ki-67 MAb in human and animal species is the same. The widespread evolutionary conservation of the human proliferation-associated epitope recognized by the Ki-67 MAb suggests that it and/or its carrier molecule may play an important role in regulation of cell proliferation.

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Loos, Chris M. van der, and Heike Göbel. "The Animal Research Kit (ARK) Can Be Used in a Multistep Double Staining Method for Human Tissue Specimens." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 48, no. 10 (2000): 1431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540004801013.

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McCarthy, K. J., K. Bynum, P. L. St John, D. R. Abrahamson, and J. R. Couchman. "Basement membrane proteoglycans in glomerular morphogenesis: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is temporally and spatially restricted during development." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 41, no. 3 (1993): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/41.3.8429203.

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We previously reported the presence of a basement membrane-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (BM-CSPG) in basement membranes of almost all adult tissues. However, an exception to this ubiquitous distribution was found in the kidney, where BM-CSPG was absent from the glomerular capillary basement membrane (GBM) but present in other basement membranes of the nephron, including collecting ducts, tubules, Bowman's capsule, and the glomerular mesangium. In light of this unique pattern of distribution and of the complex histoarchitectural reorganization occurring during nephrogenesis, the present study used light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry to examine the distribution of BM-CSPG and basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan (BM-HSPG) during prenatal and postnatal renal development in the rat. Our results show that the temporal and spatial pattern of expression of BM-CSPG during nephrogenesis is unlike that reported for other basement membrane components such as laminin, fibronectin, and BM-HSPG, all of which can be found in the earliest formed basement membranes of the vesicle-stage nephron. Although BM-CSPG is present in the basement membranes of the invading vasculature and ureteric buds, its first appearance in nephron basement membrane occurs during the late comma stage. In capillary loop-stage glomeruli of prenatal animals, BM-CSPG is present in the presumptive mesangial matrix but undetectable in the GBM. However, as postnatal glomerular maturation progresses BM-CSPG is also found in both the lamina rara interna and lamina densa of the GBM in progressively increasing amounts, being most evident in the GBM of 21-day-old animals. Micrographs of glomeruli from 42-day-old animals show that BM-CSPG gradually disappears from the GBM and, by 56 days after birth, appears to be completely absent from the GBM, its pattern of distribution resembling that of the adult animal. Our results show that BM-CSPG is not required for the initial assembly of basement membranes but may in fact serve to stabilize basement membrane structure after histoarchitectural reorganization is completed.

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Saetzler, R. K., J. Jallo, H. A. Lehr, et al. "Intravital Fluorescence Microscopy: Impact of Light-induced Phototoxicity on Adhesion of Fluorescently Labeled Leukocytes." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 45, no. 4 (1997): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215549704500403.

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Alterations in leukocyte/endothelium interaction due to phototoxic effects of the fluorescent dyes acridine orange (AO) and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) were studied by intravital microscopy using the dorsal skinfold model in awake Syrian golden hamsters. AO (0.5 mg/kg/min; constant IV infusion) and Rh6G (0.1 μmol/kg; bolus IV) were administered via an indwelling venous catheter. Five to seven arterioles (35–55 μm) and postcapillary venules (30–65 μm) were investigated in each animal. Vessels were exposed four times for 30 sec to continuous light of the appropriate excitation wavelength with a 10–15-min time interval between exposures. Animals were randomly assigned to five experimental groups (five distinct light energy levels). AO and Rh6G induced leukocyte rolling/sticking in postcapillary venules and arterioles when exposed to high light energy levels. AO, but not Rh6G, induced arteriolar vasospasm when exposed to high light energies. The potential phototoxic effect of AO and Rh6G is demonstrated, as assessed by the stimulation of leukocyte–endothelium interaction and arteriolar vasospasm in vivo. This study underscores the necessity to optimize microscopic set-ups for intravital microscopy, to reduce the excitation light energy level significantly, and to perform stringent control experiments, ruling out an artificial phototoxicity-induced stimulation of leukocyte adhesion.

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Chang, Eugene H., Rodrigo S. Lacruz, Timothy G. Bromage, et al. "Enamel Pathology Resulting from Loss of Function in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in a Porcine Animal Model." Cells Tissues Organs 194, no. 2-4 (2011): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000324248.

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Schwab, Christoph, Werner Wackernagel, Petra Grinninger, et al. "A Unifying Concept of Uveal Pigment Cell Distribution and Dissemination Based on an Animal Model: Insights into Ocular Melanogenesis." Cells Tissues Organs 201, no. 3 (2016): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443877.

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Pigmented cells are derived from neural crest cells, which migrate along the peripheral nerve sheets into their specific final region. During their migration, cells progressively acquire pigment-producing capabilities, maturation, and the shape of melanocytes. These insights, along with specific clinical characteristics of melanocytic nevi, have led to new concepts of cutaneous, periocular, and iris nevogenesis. To further elucidate the specific ocular embryogenic melanoblast distribution and dissemination - that could explain the distinct distribution of uveal melanocytic neoplasms - we investigated the ocular pigmentation of dogs affected by a specific mutation called Merle, which results in either pigment- (wild type) or non-pigment- (mutated type) producing cells. Based on our observations, we propose a unifying concept of uveal pigment cell distribution and dissemination, which postulates melanoblast migration and maturation following the trigeminal V1 branch and, later, their entrance into the eye along the ciliary nerves and their finest iris branches. Our concept provides an explanation not only for the specific distribution of ocular melanocytic lesions, including uveal and iris nevi, but also for the different locations depending on the metastatic potential of the ocular melanoma. Though speculative, the higher metastatic potential of posterior uveal melanomas compared to iris melanomas may be related to a less differentiated stage in the maturation of migrating melanocytes in the posterior segment compared to the anterior segment of the eye. However, there is a need of further studies focusing on cell differentiation markers of melanocytes at different locations in the eye.

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LaDouceur, Elise E. B., Linda A. Kuhnz, Christina Biggs, et al. "Histologic Examination of a Sea Pig (Scotoplanes sp.) Using Bright Field Light Microscopy." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080848.

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Sea pigs (Scotoplanes spp.) are deep-sea dwelling sea cucumbers of the phylum Echinodermata, class Holothuroidea, and order Elasipodida. Few reports are available on the microscopic anatomy of these deep-sea animals. This study describes the histologic findings of two, wild, male and female Scotoplanes sp. collected from Monterey Bay, California. Microscopic findings were similar to other holothuroids, with a few notable exceptions. Sea pigs were bilaterally symmetrical with six pairs of greatly enlarged tube feet arising from the lateral body wall and oriented ventrally for walking. Neither a rete mirabile nor respiratory tree was identified, and the large tube feet may function in respiration. Dorsal papillae protrude from the bivium and are histologically similar to tube feet with a large, muscular water vascular canal in the center. There were 10 buccal tentacles, the epidermis of which was highly folded. Only a single gonad was present in each animal; both male and female had histologic evidence of active gametogenesis. In the male, a presumed protozoal cyst was identified in the aboral intestinal mucosa, and was histologically similar to previous reports of coccidians. This work provides control histology for future investigations of sea pigs and related animals using bright field microscopy.

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Tischer, T., S. Milz, M. Maier, M. Schieker, and M. Benjamin. "An Immunohistochemical Study of the Rabbit Suprapatella, a Sesamoid Fibrocartilage in the Quadriceps Tendon Containing Aggrecan." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 50, no. 7 (2002): 955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540205000709.

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The rabbit suprapatella is a sesamoid fibrocartilage in the deep surface of the tendon of vastus intermedius and an integral part of the knee joint. We report the presence of a variety of proteoglycans (aggrecan and versican), glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin 4 and 6 sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate) and glycoproteins (tenascin) in its extracellular matrix and the intermediate filament vimentin in the fibrocartilage cells. The most significant finding is the presence of aggrecan in the extracellular matrix, along with its associated link protein and several of its integral glycosaminoglycans. Aggrecan probably enables the suprapatella to withstand compression. Although it can be assumed that aggrecan metabolites detected in synovial fluid from some human joints are predominantly associated with articular hyaline cartilage, the presence of aggrecan in the rabbit suprapatella means that this cannot be assumed for all animal knee joints. We conclude that it is important for orthopedic researchers who use animal models for arthritis research to check for the presence of a suprapatella when joint fluid analyses are interpreted.

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Pequeno, Andréia. "Construction of Dissection Protocols as a Learning Object for Teaching Comparative Animal Anatomy." Journal of Morphological Sciences 38 (2021): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51929/jms.38.32.2021.

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de la Garza-Castro, Oscar, Sandra Sánchez-González, Oscar DeLaGarza-Pineda, et al. "Dermatology Surgery Training in a Live Animal Model." Journal of Morphological Sciences 35, no. 03 (2018): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669904.

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Background Surgical technique is an important part of resident training, which is the reason why various models have been implemented to acquire this skill. Animal models have been useful in teaching dermatologic suturing techniques. With the advancements in technology, simulators have been developed for these exercises, but at a very high cost. The use of pig heads and freshly killed animals have proven to be effective and low-cost. However, they do not reproduce skin pathologies with accuracy. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a live anesthetized rat model to simulate skin pathologies requiring surgical excision in a dermatologic suture workshop for residents. Methods We analyze the outcome of a theoretical and practical suturing workshop using live Wistar rats with 13 dermatology residents. Results The residents showed an improvement in surgical maneuvers, suturing techniques, and in the use of surgical instruments (p < 0.01). Conclusion The model proposed in the present study was economic, easy to obtain and to manage, and it portrays live and accurate skin response to manipulation. Therefore, it is effective for conducting surgical training sessions in dermatology.

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Lukas, Julius-Robert, Martin Aigner, Michaela Denk, Harald Heinzl, Martin Burian, and Robert Mayr. "Carbocyanine Postmortem Neuronal Tracing: Influence of Different Parameters on Tracing Distance and Combination with Immunocytochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 46, no. 8 (1998): 901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215549804600805.

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SUMMARY Carbocyanines (DiI, DiA, DiO) are able to travel along membranes by diffusion and therefore have been used as postmortem neuronal tracers in aldehyde-fixed tissues. Surprisingly, detailed data on the influence of different parameters on tracing distances are still missing. This study was carried out to optimize tracing procedures and to reveal the validity of the combination of postmortem tracing with immunocytochemistry. Carbocyanine crystals were applied to the cervical spinal cord, sciatic nerves, and brachial plexuses of humans and guinea pigs. Incubation in the dark at 37C for 12-15 weeks proved optimal to achieve longest tracing distances (28.9 ± 2.2 mm) in human and animal tissues. Longer incubation times and incubation temperatures higher than 37C did not result in longer tracing distances. No differences were evident between adult and newborn animals and between central and peripheral nervous system. The diffusion coefficient for DiI was calculated to be 2.5 × 10-7 cm2sec-1. After application of DiI to nerves of guinea pig extraocular muscles, DiI-positive afferent perikarya were observed in the anteromedial part of the trigeminal ganglion. These perikarya were identified by calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR). The percentage of CGRP-IR neurons after tracing was concordant with the percentage of CGRP-IR in trigeminal ganglia exclusively processed for CGRP-IR without previous postmortem tracing. These results demonstrate carbocyanines to be specific tracers for exact neuronal mapping studies.

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Herbener, G. H., M. Bendayan, and R. C. Feldhoff. "Albumin localization in the frog hepatocyte during vitellogenesis as revealed by protein A-gold immunocytochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 5 (1986): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.5.3486212.

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The protein A-gold immunocytochemical technique was used to localize albumin in the hepatocyte of the normal male American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, and also in the hepatocyte of this animal 8 days after treatment with estradiol-71 beta. Albumin concentration in plasma also was estimated biochemically. In the normal animal, specific immunolabeling for albumin was present in the intracellular compartments involved in protein secretion, i.e., rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi apparatus and secretory granules, and also in lysosomes. Density of labeling increased as it progressed along the secretory pathway. In the hepatocyte of the estrogen-treated frog, specific immunolabeling for albumin was also present along the entire secretory pathway and in the lysosomes. Density of labeling over the RER was similar to that seen for this organelle in normal tissue; however, no progressive increase, but rather significant decreases, in labeling density occurred further along the secretory pathway. The biochemical data demonstrated no change in the concentration of plasma albumin in the treated frog, compared with the normal one. These observations localize albumin along its secretory pathway in frog hepatocyte and demonstrate a perturbation in its secretion in response to estrogen treatment.

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Bendayan, M., and N. Benhamou. "Ultrastructural localization of glucoside residues on tissue sections by applying the enzyme-gold approach." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 10 (1987): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.10.3114363.

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The enzyme-gold approach was applied for ultrastructural localization of glucoside residues in animal and plant tissues. A beta-glucosidase-gold complex was prepared and used on thin tissue sections to reveal the corresponding substrate molecules by electron microscopy. Conditions for preparation of the complex, as well as for its application, were determined. Once applied on thin tissue sections, the glucosidase-gold complex yielded labeling over the rough endoplasmic reticulum, mainly on the ribosomal side of the membranes, and over the dense chromatin in the nucleus. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules in liver and pancreatic cells were free of gold particles. In plant cells, the labeling pattern was similar. In addition, the stroma regions of chloroplasts were densely labeled. In the extracellular space, labeling was found over the basal laminae of cells in animal tissues and over the fibrillar wall material bordering the intercellular space in plant tissues. Fungal cell cytoplasm was also labeled, as well as the membrane delineating mycoplasma-like organisms. Control conditions confirmed these labelings, demonstrating the possibility of revealing glucoside residues on tissue sections with high resolution and specificity.

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Morley, D. J., D. M. Hawley, T. M. Ulbright, L. G. Butler, J. S. Culp, and M. E. Hodes. "Distribution of phosphodiesterase I in normal human tissues." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 1 (1987): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.1.3025290.

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Phosphodiesterase I (PDE I) is an exonuclease capable of hydrolyzing a variety of phosphate ester and pyrophosphate bonds. Cell fractionation and histochemical studies in animal tissues have localized PDE I in the plasma membrane of various epithelia. This suggests a role for the enzyme in active transport. Distribution of PDE I in human tissues has not previously been studied. We have produced a polyclonal antiserum to bovine intestinal PDE I and have demonstrated crossreactivity with the human intestinal enzyme. This polyclonal antiserum was used in PAP immunocytochemistry to localize immunoreactive PDE I in a variety of human tissues. Localization was prominent in the gastrointestinal tract, including the cytoplasm of gastric mucosa parietal cells, cytoplasm of surface epithelium and isolated crypt cells in small intestine, and the colonic epithelial cytoplasm and brush border. Parotid gland acinar cells and scattered ductal cells showed positive cytoplasmic staining. Acinar and scattered pancreatic islet cells contained immunoreactive PDE I, as did Kupffer cells of the liver sinusoids. Immunoreactive PDE I was found in all vascular endothelia. The epithelium of the urinary tract showed extensive immunoreactivity. This included the distal convoluted and collecting tubules of the kidney, and ureteral and bladder urothelium. In previous histochemical studies of animal tissues, no evidence of PDE I activity was noted in male or female reproductive tract. In this study, immunoreactive PDE I was localized to human Sertoli cells and to basal epithelium of the epididymis and prostate acini. Fallopian tube epithelium of female reproductive tract also demonstrated immunoreactive PDI I, as did several cell types in term placenta. Our immunocytochemical results with human tissues differ significantly from previous histochemical studies in animal tissues, principally in the genitourinary system. This may be due in part to the different detection systems employed as well as the higher sensitivity of the immunoperoxidase technique. This underscores the importance of adjunct techniques in tissue surveys. The widespread epithelial distribution of immunoreactive PDE I detected by this polyclonal antibody implies an integral role in cell function, probably in active transport.

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Oliveira, Mateus Soares, José Eduardo Serrão, Glenda Dias, Luiza Carla Barbosa Martins, and Vinícius Albano Araújo. "Anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tractof Machtima crucigera (Fabricius, 1775) (Heteroptera: Coreidae)." Zoologischer Anzeiger 293 (July 2021): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.06.009.

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Kuznetsov, Petr, Anastassya Maiorova, and Elena Temereva. "New data on echiuran anatomy and histology: the case of Lissomyema mellita (Annelida: Thalassematidae)." Zoology 144 (February 2021): 125865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2020.125865.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal anatomy and histology'

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