Academic literature on the topic 'Animal and Bird'
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Journal articles on the topic "Animal and Bird"
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Kidd, Aline H., and Robert M. Kidd. "Problems and Benefits of Bird Ownership." Psychological Reports 83, no. 1 (1998): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.131.
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Because research literature on human and avian interactions is limited, it seemed important to investigate the benefits and liabilities of pet-bird ownership. It was hypothesized that most pet bird owners would have other pet animals in addition to birds, that one-fifth of owners would have owned pet birds during childhood or adolescence, that they would report their birds provided physical and verbal companionship, and that most would admit to their being some real liabilities in owning birds. 50 men and 50 women bird owners were interviewed. Clearly, bird owners were also animal lovers, and their responses supported all the hypotheses. The primary benefits of bird ownership were friendship, companionship, and verbal interactions. The primary liabilities were messiness and noise. Respondents stated good bird owners needed to be patient, affectionate, and sensitively perceptive. These findings should help in training of both children and adults for careful nurturing of birds and other pets.
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Forth, Gregory. "Bad Mothers and Strange Offspring: Images of Scrubfowl and Sea Turtles in Eastern Indonesia." Ethnobiology Letters 11, no. 2 (2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.11.2.2020.1624.
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One way birds communicate knowledge to humans and facilitate communication among humans is through metaphors. A recent book discusses animal metaphors, nearly a third of which employ birds as vehicles, used by the Nage people of Flores Island (eastern Indonesia). As applied to human beings and human behaviors, bird metaphors reveal considerable overlap with other animal metaphors; thus, a full understanding of these requires additional attention to the metaphoric or more generally symbolic value of other sorts of non-human animals. Emphasizing how knowledge of birds is shaped in some degree by an extra-cultural empirical experience of the creatures, the present discussion explores similar representations of a bird, the scrubfowl, and a marine reptile, the sea turtle, among people in several parts of Flores.
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Burmeister, A.-K., K. Drasch, M. Rinder, et al. "The owner-bird relationship: Relevance for pet bird welfare." Animal Welfare 31, no. 1 (2022): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.1.012.
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Empathy and anthropomorphism, well-established components of the human-pet relationship, are considered to be especially related to pet animal welfare. We have developed a systematic and standardised approach to explore the effect of the human-pet relationship on animal welfare, focusing on pet birds. Based on a data set measuring the owner-bird relationship as well as bird welfare, cluster analysis and multivariate regressions were used to identify empirical types of bird owners and analyse their effect on bird welfare. Five empirical types of bird owners were identified based on the multi-dimensional relationship between owner and bird which consisted of: (i) the closeness-appreciating anthropomorphising owner; (ii) the closeness-appreciating socially supported owner; (iii) the anthropomorphising socially supported owner; (iv) the inattentive owner; and (v) the distance-appreciating owner. These differed in terms of the owner's tendency to anthropomorphism, the social support the bird provides to the owner, the empathy, attentiveness and respect of the owner towards the bird, and the bird's relationship with the owner. In particular, the inattentive type, but also both anthropomorphising types, raised serious questions as to the well-being of the pet bird. We found significant correlations to bird behaviour, such as imprinting aspects, aggressiveness towards humans, conspecifics and other pet animals, as well as behavioural disorders, such as locomotor stereotypies, courtship behaviour towards humans and feather-plucking.
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Tirthankar Dalui and Nabajit Mondal. "Unlocking the Secrets of Bird Conservation through Ringing: A Review." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, no. 4 (2023): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i4.2065.
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Bird ringing, a widely employed technique for marking and studying birds, plays a crucial role in bird conservation. As the human population increases and natural habitats are threatened, birds face numerous challenges that necessitate effective conservation efforts. This paper examines the significance of bird ringing in gathering vital data for conservation and outlines the process and benefits of this technique. Bird ringing provides essential information for understanding bird populations and their behaviours. By capturing and marking birds, researchers can collect data on demographics, habitat usage, feeding patterns, and breeding seasons. Advanced techniques, such as radio-labelled rings, enable tracking of bird movements and migration routes. Through ringing, researchers can examine diseases, assess the presence of microorganisms that may impact both bird and human health and contribute to the understanding of bird-related biosecurity. The process of bird ringing involves careful capture and handling of birds using various techniques tailored to different species and habitats. Rings made of appropriate materials are applied to the birds for identification purposes. Thus, bird ringing is valuable for gathering critical data on bird populations, behaviour, and health, contributing significantly to bird conservation and sustainability. By providing insights into migration patterns, habitat usage, and health status, bird ringing enables conservationists to make informed decisions and implement effective measures to protect bird species and their habitats. Continued research and collaboration in the field of bird ringing are essential for the long-term preservation of avian biodiversity and the maintenance of healthy ecosystems.
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Donovan, Stephen K. "Animal & Bird Tracks." Ichnos 16, no. 3 (2009): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940802686319.
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Bayoa, Dian L. M. Bayoa, C. L. Sarayar, Marie Najoan, and Wapsiati Utiah. "EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb) dan TEPUNG TEMU PUTIH (Curcuma Zedoaria roxb) DALAM RANSUM KOMERSIAL TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM PEDAGING." ZOOTEC 34 (June 4, 2014): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.34.0.2014.4796.
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An experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours added in ration on performances of broilers. Fifty-four CP-707® strain broilers were used in the experiment at animal house of Animal Husbandry Faculty, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado and they were placed into cages (60cm x 45cm x 45cm), three birds per cage. Randomized completely design were used in this experiment, with three treatments and six replications. The three treatments were R0 (ration without Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours), R1 (Ration with 2% of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb flour) and R2 (Ration with 2% of Curcuma Zedoaria rox flour). It was found that, there were no significant different (P>0.05) between treatments on feed consumption, body growth and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Feed consumptions were 111,69gram/bird/day (R0), 118,98gram/bird/day (R1), and 124,34gram/bird/day (R2); Body growths were 53,09gram/bird/day (R0), 54,84gram/birdr/day (R1), 57,59gram/bird/day (R2); Feed conversion ratios were 2,20gram/bird/day (R0), 2,18gram/bird/day (R1), and 2,16gram/bird/day (R2) respectively. It was concluded that, the performances of broilers given ration with addition of 2% of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours were same as the performances of broiler given ration without Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb and Curcuma Zedoaria rox flours. Key words: Broilers, Curcuma Xanthorrhiza roxb, Curcuma Zedoaria rox, flour.
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Tüür, Kadri. "Bird sounds in nature writing: Human perspective on animal communication." Sign Systems Studies 37, no. 3/4 (2009): 580–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2009.37.3-4.11.
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The object of study in the present article is birds, more precisely the sounds of birds as they are represented in Estonian nature writing. The evolutionary and structural parallels of bird song with human language are reviewed. Human interpretation of bird sounds raises the question, whether it is possible to transmit or “translate” signals between the Umwelts of different species. The intentions of the sender of the signal may remain unknown, but the signification process within human Umwelt can still be traced and analysed. By approaching the excerpts of nature writing using semiotic methodology, I attempt to demonstrate how bird sounds can function as different types of signs, as outlined by Thomas A. Sebeok. It is argued that the zoosemiotic treatment of nature writing opens up a number of interesting perspectives that would otherwise remain beyond the scope of traditional literary analysis.
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Woods, Jocelyn M., Adrienne Eyer, and Lance J. Miller. "Bird Welfare in Zoos and Aquariums: General Insights across Industries." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 3, no. 2 (2022): 198–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3020017.
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Animal welfare is a priority across accredited zoological institutions; however, historically, research has been prioritized for mammals. Bird-focused studies accounted for less than 10% of welfare research in zoos and aquariums over the last ten years. Due to the lack of scientific publications on bird welfare, zoo scientists and animal practitioners can look to other industries such as agriculture, laboratories, and companion animal research for insight. This qualitative review highlights findings across industries to inform animal care staff and scientists on the welfare needs of birds within zoos and aquariums. Specifically, the review includes an overview of research on different topics and a summary of key findings across nine resources that affect bird welfare. We also highlight areas where additional research is necessary. Future welfare research in zoos and aquariums should prioritize studies that consider a diversity of bird species across topics and work to identify animal-based measures with empirical evidence. Moving forward, research from other industries can help develop innovative research on bird welfare within zoos and aquariums.
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Chaudhry, Jyoti Bhasin. "Animal and bird motifs of Murshidabad’s Baluchari silk of India." Global Journal of Arts Education 7, no. 1 (2017): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjae.v7i1.1034.
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The present study was conducted to document the animals and birds motifs as design enrichment on Murshidabad’s Baluchari silk of India. The study emphasized that varied animals and birds motifs were used in Murshidabad’s Baluchari silk in order to beautify the fabric from past till present day. The documentation of motifs is very vital and it will assist as a guide to craftsmen, as they represent the mastermind of unique talent effortlessly synthesized from time to time to new cultural influences. Through documentation, this collective variety of animal and bird motifs used on Baluchari textiles will be accessible to designers, artisans, academician and students. It can also involve conserving a way of life and attitudes in addition to a set of techniques passed down through the generations.
 Keywords: Baluchari, animals, birds’ motifs, design, documentation
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Schmid, Baptiste, Serge Zaugg, Stephen C. Votier, Jason W. Chapman, Mathieu Boos, and Felix Liechti. "Size matters in quantitative radar monitoring of animal migration: estimating monitored volume from wingbeat frequency." Ecography 42, no. 5 (2019): 931–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4147270.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> Quantitative radar studies are an important component of studying the movements of birds. Whether a bird, at a certain distance from the radar, is detected or not depends on its size. The volume monitored by the radar is therefore different for birds of different sizes. Consequently, an accurate quantification of bird movements recorded by small-scale radar requires an accurate determination of the monitored volume for the objects in question, although this has tended to be ignored. Here, we demonstrate the importance of sensitivity settings for echo detection on the estimated movement intensities of birds of different sizes. The amount of energy reflected from a bird and detected by the radar receiver (echo power) depends not only on the bird’s size and on the distance from the radar antenna, but also on the beam shape and the bird’s position within this beam. We propose a method to estimate the size of a bird based on the wingbeat frequency, retrieved from the echo-signal, independent of the absolute echo power. The estimated bird-size allows calculation of sizespecific monitored volumes, allowing accurate quantification of movement intensities. We further investigate the importance of applying size-specific monitored volumes to quantify avian movements instead of using echo counts. We also highlight the importance of accounting for size-specific monitored volume of small scale radar systems, and the necessity of reporting technical information on radar parameters. Applying this framework will increase the quality and validity of quantitative radar monitoring.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal and Bird"
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Gosper, Carl R. "Consequences of weed invasion and control on plant-bird interactions and bird communities." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050221.155953/index.html.
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Sirsat, Sarah Goy. "Maturation of Endothermic Capacity within the Avian Developmental Spectrum: A Characterization of Thermoregulatory Metamorphosis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862809/.
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An avian embryo is ectothermic, with body temperature determined by environmental temperature. Upon hatching, the neonate begins a conversion so that endothermic capacity becomes feasible and body temperature becomes independent of environment. Whole animal metabolic rate and ventilation response, cardiovascular development, and maturation of muscle mitochondrial flux were the focus of this dissertation because of the direct role in shivering thermogenesis. Precocial ducks and altricial Double-crested Cormorants exhibit increasing hematocrit and disproportionate increases in fractional heart mass resulting in greater oxygen delivery capacity and increased capacity of muscles to utilize oxygen compared with ectothermic American Alligator and Common Snapping turtles. By selecting for faster growth and higher meat yield in the domestic chicken, differences in whole-animal, tissue, cellular, and regulatory responses are evident between broiler and layer type birds. In the altricial red-winged blackbird, despite appearance of a whole animal endothermic response sometime after 7 dph, capacity of skeletal muscles involved in shivering thermogenesis peaks prior to that time. Thus, full development of endothermy is delayed in this species, allowing the altricial nestling to allocate energy towards growth rather than metabolic maintenance. Hypothyroidism in neonate red-winged blackbirds results in delayed maturation of the cardiovascular system and mitochondrial oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle. Such deficiencies were quickly recovered once the animals returned to a normothyroid state, apparently at the cost of increasing body mass. Insights into onset of thermoregulation provide a more thorough understanding of metabolic and physical transitions a hatchling bird must undergo to reach the adult endothermic phenotype. Endothermic capacity will continue to be at the forefront of physiological research because of the significance of changes between the energetic relations of an animal that must occur with its environment.
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Johnson, Jim A. "Breeding Bird Communities of Major Mainland Rivers of Southeastern Alaska." DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6601.
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Because of the scarcity of information for bird communities at the major mainland rivers of southeastern Alaska, the main objective of this study was to provide baseline information including distribution, status, and habitat associations of breeding birds.
I conducted a meta-analysis of all known reports (including the current study) conducted at major mainland rivers during the breeding season. I described bird species composition, distribution, abundance estimates, status, habitat associations, and guild membership for all birds recorded at 11 major mainland rivers. Based on incidental observations, 170 species were recorded by all studies. Of these, 134 species were known or suspected to breed, accounting for 50% of all birds known from Alaska and 80% of all birds known from southeastern Alaska. In addition, I provided information on species of management concern as well as management implications and recommendations.
I used point counts to survey birds within deciduous riparian vegetation at 6 major mainland rivers during 2000-2002. I compared bird species composition, abundance, richness, and diversity among four main vegetation types of deciduous riparian vegetation: shrubland, young deciduous forest, mature deciduous forest, and mixed deciduous-coniferous forest. Species richness was similar among all habitat types; however, relative abundance and diversity of birds was highest in mixed forest stands. Mature forests had the greatest number of species associated with the Canadian interior.
I also used point counts to compare bird species composition, abundance, richness, and diversity among 6 major mainland rivers consisting of three trans-mountain and three coastal rivers. Latitude, connectivity, and availability of mature and mixed forests were the major factors thought to cause differences in bird communities among rivers. Contrary to our predictions, coastal rivers had higher bird species richness, diversity, point abundance , and point richness than trans-mountain rivers. Of the 10 species associated with the Canadian interior recorded during point counts, 8 occurred at both trans-mountain and coastal rivers.
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Palma, Cristián R. (Cristián Ricardo). "The use of tarsal scale patterns to identify individual birds of prey." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23929.
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The ability to accurately identify individuals is required for the detailed study of animals. Numerous artificial markers have been developed for this purpose. Negative effects on survival, reproductive success and behavior have been reported for most marking methods, significantly affecting the very parameters being studied.<br>Birds of prey have suffered the shortcomings of artificial marking methods. In light of the known and potential deleterious effects of marking, attention has been focused on developing new techniques to identify individual raptors without attaching artificial markers.<br>This study investigated the use of tarsal scale patterns as unique individual identifiers in birds of prey. The American kestrel (Falco sparverius) was chosen as a model. Both legs of seventy-five kestrels were photographed over a two-year period.<br>Photographic comparisons of 150 scale patterns demonstrated the uniqueness of each and therefore its ability to be used as an individual's natural identifier. Furthermore, patterns were found to remain unchanged from one year to the next. These findings support the hypotheses that tarsal scale patterns are unique to each bird and do not change over time.<br>A method of coding the tarsal scale patterns was developed. These codes can be used in a computerized data base to significantly enhance the speed of pattern searches.
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Wall, Helena. "Laying hens in furnished cages : use of facilities, exterior egg quality and bird health /." Uppsala : Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish Univ. of Agricultultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a406.pdf.
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Al-Amer, Saleh Suliaman. "Nutritional and toxicological studies on New Zealand mutton bird meat (Puffinus griseus)." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1659.
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New Zealand mutton bird or tītī (Puffinus griseus and order procellariiformes) nest in New Zealand during the summer months, migrate to the northern hemisphere during May and return in September. Their eggs are laid during November and December and the chicks are hatched in the following January and February. Large numbers of them are harvested from April to May in New Zealand. They are wild seabirds annually harvested by Maori according to the customary rights agreement set by Treaty of Waitangi.NZ mutton birds also called Sooty Shearwaters are noted for their high proportion of body fat.These birds are interesting since its sole diet is based on krill and other small marine organisms that are potentially rich in n-3 fatty acids and other marine bioactive compounds. The proximate composition, fatty and amino acids and cholesterol content of mutton bird pectoral muscle were determined and compared with other common meat to explore the nutritional value of this New Zealand delicacy. The concentration of twenty two essential and toxic elements including silver (Ag), aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), sulphur (S), sodium (Na) and cobalt (Co) and zinc (Zn) in mutton bird breast meat (Puffinus griseus) were measured over two years to evaluate its safety for human consumption. Persistent organochlorine, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and their metabolites, and aldrin and lindane were also measured.Twenty bird carcasses were purchased in both 2006 and 2007 from a local source. Meat samples from the pectoral muscle of two carcasses were pooled to generate 10 samples for each year. These were used for trace element analysis using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Trace elements were in the range of 0 to 1.09 mg/kg wet weight for Ag, 0 to 3.32 for Al, 0.17 to 0.79 for As, 0.01 to 0.07 for Cd, 0.03 to 0.15 for Cr, 3.56 to 4.88 for Cu, 0 to 0.15 for Hg, 0.22 to 0.50 for Mn, 0 to 0.09 for Pb, 0.66 to 1.18 for Se and 11.49 to 23.70 for Zn. In 2006, Ag, Al, Mn and Zn concentrations were significantly higher but Pb and Hg concentrations significantly lower compared to the 2007 samples (P < 0.05). Apart from one sample in 2006, all the samples were below the published maximum level for concern. However, our preliminary data indicated that the higher level of Cd and other metals in the skin of mutton bird may compromise the overall safety to humans consuming the skin of mutton birds. It is suggested that the evaluation of the metals in different parts and/or the whole mutton bird at different seasons is required to assure complete safety to the consumers.Furthermore, the nutritional value of mutton bird meat was studied over two harvesting seasons (2006 and 2007) to investigate the impact of seasonal variation. The moisture and carbohydrates contents ranged between 54.0 to 55.0 % and 2.8 to 3.0 %, respectively, and no seasonal effects were evident in these components. The values for fat and ash contents were higher and the protein content lower for birds harvested in 2007 compared with the 2006 values which ranged from 11.8 to 13.0, 10.3 to 11.7, and 20.3 to 18.5 % for fat, ash and protein content respectively. The major amino acids in mutton bird pectoral muscle were glutamate, aspartate, lysine, leucine, and arginine. Higher lysine concentrations and lower proline, cystein and methionine were found in mutton birds compared with the literature values for beef, lamb and pork. The essential amino acid content in mutton bird (43.8 and 44.9 % in 2006 and 2007, respectively) was slightly higher than those found in beef and lamb meats (42-43%).The major fatty acids detected were palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic and isomers (C18:1), eicosenoic (C20:1), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6), icosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C 20:5) and these accounted for approximately 77% of the fatty acids. The 3/6 ratio of fats from pectoral muscle was 1.3. The cholesterol concentration varied slightly in the two years with 184.4±37.37and 134.4±25.55mg/100 g fresh weight for 2007 and 2008 respectively. Mutton bird was shown to contain significantly higher cholesterol content (134.4-184.4) than other common meat such as chicken (80.3-88.9), lamb (62.3), fish (52.79) and beef (51.97). Overall, the nutritional value of mutton bird muscle was similar to or superior to the traditionally protein sources such as seafood and red meat. Annual variations existed in the composition of Mutton bird pectoral muscle but this is not of nutritional consequence but might be a useful indicator for ecological events such as feed availability and other environmental issues. Mutton bird seems to be a good source of essential minerals, Zn and Fe compared with other traditional meats source. Mutton bird meat is nutritionally as good as the major sources of red or white meats. It may even have advantages over the other common meats (beef, lamb, fish and chicken) due to its high protein and monounsaturated fatty acids (omega n-3 and n-6) content. However, its high cholesterol content may represent a risk factor for some people.
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Gomes, Camilla Montes. "Interações entre aves e plantas: frugivoria, amplitude de nicho e relações morfológicas, em três diferentes ambientes." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13402.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>The interaction between frugivorous birds and plants is one of the most important mutualisms in tropical regions. However, the way these groups interact varies according to temporal availability of fruit. In seasonal sites, it is expected that a specialization in a particular type of fruit is not viable, because this feature is not available throughout the year, and species that occupy these sites have a broad trophic niche. With a more stable supply of resources, a greater level of specialization is expected, which would be reflected in a narrower niche width. A relationship between the morphology of birds and type of fruit consumed can also be associated with the specialization level of diet and niche width of the birds. This relationship might possibly be more evident in local with reduced seasonality. The goal of this paper is to investigate the relationships, both ecological as morphological, between frugivorous birds and plants consumed in sites with different levels of resource seasonality. Cerrado sensu stricto were considered the most seasonal, followed by seasonal deciduous and semi-deciduous forests, which were grouped as \"seasonal forests\". Atlantic forest was seen as a site less seasonal. We tested the hypothesis that species of the guild \"frugivorous\" will be more representative of the number of species and interactions in less seasonal area, and that species of more seasonal areas would have a more generalist diet and broader trophic niche than that observed for species less seasonal site. In Chapter 2 we investigated the existence of relationships between morphology of the birds beak and size of fruits eaten by them, testing the hypothesis that this combination was more evident in local whose species exhibit lower niche amplitude than in that have species with broader niche width. In this study the community structure of each site was described and was observed narrower trophic niche for species of seasonal forests and Atlantic forest (more specialized diet) than that found for species of cerrado ss (more generalist diet). However, morphological specialization was found only in species of seasonal forests, where we observed an association between the width and depth of the tip with the size of the fruit consumed. The variation observed for specialization in diet and morphology may be related to temporal availability of resources among different sites. Furthermore, other features in the selection of fruits, behavioral traits of birds and ecological interactions with other community members also seem to influence the consumption patterns of birds.<br>A interação entre aves frugívoras e plantas é uma dos mutualismos mais importantes em ambientes tropicais. No entanto, a forma com que esses grupos se relacionam pode variar de acordo com a disponibilidade dos frutos ao longo do ano. Em ambientes sazonais, espera-se que uma especialização em determinado tipo de fruto seja inviável, uma vez que esse recurso não está disponível durante todo ano; e que as espécies que ocupam esses ambientes teriam uma maior amplitude de nicho trófico. Já em ambientes com uma oferta de recursos mais estável, um maior nível de especialização é esperado, o que refletiria em uma amplitude de nicho mais estreita. Associado ao nível de especialização da dieta, e consequentemente, à amplitude de nicho exibida pelas aves em cada ambiente, pode existir também uma relação entre a morfologia da avifauna e o tipo de fruto consumido, que possivelmente seria mais evidente em ambientes com sazonalidade reduzida. O objetivo central deste trabalho é investigar interações entre aves frugívoras e as plantas consumidas, e possíveis relações morfológicas, em ambientes com diferentes níveis de sazonalidade de recursos. Áreas de cerrado stricto sensu foram consideradas as mais sazonais, seguidas de matas estacionais decíduas e semidecíduas, que foram agrupadas como matas sazonais . Mata atlântica foi considerada como um ambiente menos sazonal. No capítulo 1, foram analisadas as interações entre as espécies vegetais e aves frugívora nos três ambientes citados acima. Nós testamos as hipóteses que espécies pertencentes à guilda frugívora serão mais representativas, quanto ao número de espécies e interações, em ambientes menos sazonais; e que espécies de áreas mais sazonais teriam uma dieta mais generalista e um nicho trófico mais amplo do que o observado para espécies de ambientes menos sazonais. No capítulo 2 foi investigada a existência de relações entre a morfológica do bico das aves e o tamanho dos frutos consumidos por elas, testando a hipótese que essa associação seria mais evidente em ambientes cujas espécies exibem menor amplitude de nicho, comparado a ambientes que possuem espécies com maior amplitude de nicho. No presente estudo, a estrutura das comunidades de cada ambiente foi descrita e foi observado um nicho trófico mais estreito para espécies de matas sazonais e mata atlântica (dieta mais especializada) do que o encontrado para espécies de cerrado ss (dieta mais generalista). No entanto, especialização na dieta somente foi refletida em uma especialização morfológica em espécies de matas sazonais. Nesse ambiente foi possível observar associação entre a largura e altura do bico com o tamanho do fruto consumido. Essa variação observada quanto à especialização na dieta e na morfologia pode estar relacionada à disponibilidade temporal de recursos distinta entre os ambientes. Além disso, outros critérios na seleção dos frutos, características comportamentais das aves e interações ecológicas com outros elementos da comunidade parecem influenciar também os padrões de consumo da avifauna.<br>Mestre em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais
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Robertson, Bruce A. L. "The roles of food and predation in shaping adaptive and maladaptive behaviors in postfire bird species." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12272006-141118/.
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Carboneras, Malet Carles. "Bird population dynamics in the wintering season: the case of the mediterranean Gull Larus melanodephalus = Dinàmiques poblacionals en ocells durant la hivernada: el cas de la Gavina Capnegra Larus melanocephalus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386447.
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The winter period is typically associated with harsh weather conditions and reduced food availability, which may lead to increased mortality. In birds, a common strategy to avoid such risks is to migrate to more favourable grounds, but its demographic costs are largely unknown. The wintering season remains a black box in our knowledge of the life cycle of birds. From the perspective of a wintering area, I study the population ecology of a migratory species, based on the hypothesis that winter aggregations of birds constitute true populations, instead of random aggregations of individuals. I look at the population composition, structure and dynamics across several spatial scales, and the link between the wintering and breeding areas through connecting migratory routes.
My study model is a population of wintering Mediterranean Gulls Larus melanocephalus made of birds from multiple origins, a significant proportion of which have been individually marked with individually-coded colour-rings in their natal or breeding colonies. The study system constitutes the species’ main winter quarters globally and is situated on the Mediterranean coast of E-NE Spain.
Capture-recapture analyses reveal high estimates of apparent local interannual survival after the first year (0.81 on average), indicating a high individual winter site-fidelity that does not vary with age. This attachment to the wintering area models the distribution of individuals, shaping them into a spatially structured population with metapopulation dynamics, as each subpopulation has independent demography, determined by area-specific survival and low levels of dispersal.
Using a probability model, I infer the migratory route followed by first-winter birds; the most likely path is a combination of fluvial and coastal routes, seeking minimal distance along favourable terrain. In the focus species, wintering populations are made of individuals from different sex and age classes, in one of the few documented cases of nondifferential migration. Exceptionally, the species also exhibits synheimy (the population in each distinct wintering area is made of birds from all the breeding populations), possibly as a result of its recent history. Individual choice of wintering area is made in the first migration according to a probability rule determined by distance, and is maintained through life.
On a local scale, I find a very high turnover of individuals and a frequent movement, in no particular direction, among sites. The low monthly probability of local residency (0.56) contrasts with the species’ strong site-fidelity to the general wintering area. Individual turnover shows that a single site may be visited by a large proportion of the regional (43%) and global (18%) populations every season. Thus, the population home range extends over an area much larger than a single locality or a protected area, showing evidence of a mismatch between the distribution of protected areas and the spatial needs of the population.
Compared with data from 60 years ago, Mediterranean Gulls have undergone a huge expansion of their breeding distribution range (750% area increase) while the wintering distribution has increased only moderately (25%). The global population size has remained stable, indicating that its growth may be limited by events taking place in the wintering season. As the breeding distribution continues to expand, where breeding and wintering populations come in contact, they interact little and follow independent dynamics.
This work contributes to a better understanding of bird population dynamics in the wintering season and shows how the detailed study of a species’ ecology during one part of the annual cycle can help comprehend what happens during the rest of the year. The ‘view from the winter quarters’ can bring important and complementary information to the study of birds during the breeding period.<br>Des de la perspectiva d’una àrea d’hivernada, el meu estudi es centra en l’ecologia de poblacions d’una espècie migratòria, a partir de la hipòtesi que els agrupaments hivernals d’ocells constitueixen veritables poblacions. Investigo la composició, estructura i dinàmiques de la població a diverses escales espacials, i el lligam entre les àrees de reproducció i hivernada connectades mitjançant les rutes migratòries.
El meu model d’estudi és una població hivernant de Gavines Capnegres Larus melanocephalus formada per individus provinents de diversos orígens, una fracció dels quals han estat marcats individualment amb anelles de colors. El sistema d’estudi a la costa catalana constitueix la principal àrea d’hivernada de l’espècie a nivell mundial.
Mitjançant anàlisis de captura-recaptura, estimo alts nivells de supervivència interanual local (0,81), indicatius d’una alta fidelitat a l’àrea d’hivernada que no canvia amb l’edat individual. La població s’estructura espacialment com a metapoblació, amb subpoblacions independents demogràficament. Un model probabilístic permet inferir la ruta migratòria dels ocells joves en llur primera migració; aquesta és una combinació de rutes fluvials i costaneres, cercant la mínima distància sobre terreny favorable. A escala local, l’espècie mostra alts nivells de rotació d’individus i freqüents moviments entre localitats, sense destí concret, i una baixa probabilitat de residència local (0,56). Les necessitats espacials de la població, superiors a una sola localitat, demostren la falta d’adequació amb la distribució de les àrees protegides per a espècies amb alta mobilitat.
Comparant els darrers 60 anys, la distribució reproductora ha experimentat una espectacular expansió (increment areal, 750%) mentre que la distribució hivernal ha augmentat de manera moderada (25%). La població mundial ha romàs estable, indicant que el seu creixement pot estar limitat per esdeveniments de l’època hivernal. Allà on entren en contacte les poblacions reproductora en expansió i la hivernant, interactuen poc i mantenen dinàmiques independents.
Aquest treball contribueix a millorar la comprensió de les dinàmiques poblacionals durant l’hivern i demostra com l’estudi de l’ecologia durant una part del cicle anual pot ajudar a comprendre el que succeeix la resta de l’any. La ‘visió des dels quarters d’hivernada’ pot aportar una informació important i complementària als estudis durant l’època reproductora.
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Porter, Rosalyn. "Mathematical models of a tick borne disease in a British game bird with potential management strategies." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3039.
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Louping ill virus (LIV) is a tick borne disease that causes mortality in red grouse, an economically important game bird of British uplands. The aim of this thesis is to extend previously published models of LIV , to consider the potential impact of different management strategies. In addition a new route of infection and the seasonal biology of both grouse and ticks will be explored. Grouse chicks are known to eat ticks as part of their diet in the first three weeks of life which may contribute to virus persistence if chicks consume infected ticks. This novel route of infection is incorporated in to the model which predicts that ingestion increases the range of host densities for which the virus is able to persist. The ingestion of ticks by grouse also reduces the tick population so that for low host densities the ingestion of ticks by grouse reduces the tick population so virus cannot persist. The model is adapted to take account of the seasonal biology of grouse and ticks. Although the temporal predictions of the seasonal models show some differences the addition of seasonality does not alter the model predictions of when LIV is likely to persist at different grouse and deer densities. Consequently seasonality is felt to be unimportant when considering management strategies. The treatment of sheep with acaricide in an attempt to reduce the tick population on a grouse moor is currently being trialled in Scotland. We use a model to predict the likely effect of this strategy at different deer densities. The number of ticks found attached to sheep varies so we consider the effect of tick attachment rates as well as acaricide efficacy. Although we predict that acaricide treated sheep can reduce the tick population and therefore LIV in grouse in some circumstances the treatment is less effective in the presence of deer. Consequently we use a model to make theoretical predictions of the effectiveness of acaricide treated deer as a control strategy for reducing LIV in red grouse. The effect of culling deer on LIV in grouse is also modelled and contrasted with the effect of acaricide use. It is predicted that acaricide treatment of deer could be highly effective, particularly if the deer density is first reduced by culling. Finally we considered the direct treatment of red grouse with acaricide. Female grouse can be given an acaricidal leg band which protects her directly and indirectly protects her chicks as they acquire some acaricide whilst brooding. Trials have suggested this can reduce tick burdens for individuals. We use the model to determine the potential effect that treating individual broods may have on the whole grouse population. The model predictions suggest that unless acaricide efficacy on chicks is high and long lasting treating individual broods is unlikely to reduce LIV in the whole population but will still provide some benefit for the individuals. The effectiveness of treatment is reduced by higher deer densities. The success of the management strategies considered in this thesis appear to be restricted by the presence of deer. It may therefore be that a combination of treatments including the treatment of deer may be of the greatest benefit to the grouse population.
Books on the topic "Animal and Bird"
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Rothenberg, David. Why birds sing: A journey through the mystery of bird song. Basic Books, 2006.
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Brown, Kent R. Gooney Bird Greene and her fabulous animal parade. Dramatic Publishing, 2010.
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Panov, E. N. Gibridizat͡s︡ii͡a︡ i ėtologicheskai͡a︡ izoli͡a︡t͡s︡ii͡a︡ u ptit͡s︡. "Nauka", 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Animal and Bird"
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Gesicki, David V., and Verner P. Bingman. "Bird Migrations." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_896-1.
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Gesicki, David V., and Verner P. Bingman. "Bird Migrations." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_896.
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Hoffman, L. C., and H. Lambrechts. "Bird Handling, Transportation, Lairage, and Slaughter: Implications for Bird Welfare and Meat Quality." In Animal Welfare. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19297-5_10.
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Jan, Steven. "5 Animal “Musicality” and Animal “Music”." In Music in Evolution and Evolution in Music. Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0301.05.
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Chapter 5: examines the extent to which certain animals might be understood to possess musicality and music. After a general discussion of creativity in the light of Margaret Boden’s (and others’) ideas, the vocalisations of a number of animal species – certain primates, birds, and cetaceans – are considered in terms of their evolutionary origins, adaptive function, and relation-ship to human music and language. It is argued that the vocalisations of certain birds and certain whales are memetic/musilinguistic in the way that the vocalisations of early humans may have been – there are indeed striking structural correspondences between bird and whale song and human music – and thus these animal species appear to be at the threshold of the music-language bifurcation that occurred in our own species. The implications of this for thought and consciousness in those species are also considered here, revisiting an issue first discussed in Chapter 3 in the context of the relationship between human language and thought.
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Haffer, J. "“Very Small” Bird Populations in Amazonia." In Minimum Animal Populations. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78214-5_7.
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Stallknecht, David E., and Justin D. Brown. "Wild bird infections and the ecology of avian influenza viruses." In Animal Influenza. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118924341.ch7.
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Korola, Katerina, and Katharina Loew. "Feather War with the Camera Women, Bird Protection, and Hermann Hähnle’s Films." In Cultural Animal Studies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67150-4_8.
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Díaz Vélez, M. Celeste, Ana E. Ferreras, and Valeria Paiaro. "Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0090.
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Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.
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Weary, Daniel M. "Bird Song and Operant Experiments: A New Tool to Investigate Song Perception." In Playback and Studies of Animal Communication. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6203-7_14.
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Araujo, Helder F. P., Hermínio A. L. S. Vilela, Benjamin Phalan, and Pedro F. Develey. "Bird Diversity and Conservation of the Northern Atlantic Forest." In Animal Biodiversity and Conservation in Brazil's Northern Atlantic Forest. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21287-1_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Animal and Bird"
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Rey, Ana, Josefa Madrid, Silvia Martínez-Miró, Fuensanta Hernández, and Almudena de-Cara. "STUDENT SATISFACTION WITH THE USE OF A BIRD FEEDING WEBSITE AS A VIRTUAL APPROACH TO THE PROFESSIONAL WORLD OF ANIMAL NUTRITION IN THE VETERINARY MEDICINE DEGREE: A PILOT EXPERIENCE." In 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.0550.
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Shashank, Kotturu Krishna, Mallepalli Harshavardhan, I. Sharath Chandra, Kuruva Mukesh, B. Ravi Chandra, and Ajay Roy. "Solar based Smart Cropping Defence System using IoT based on Birds and Animals." In 2025 5th International Conference on Trends in Material Science and Inventive Materials (ICTMIM). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/ictmim65579.2025.10987938.
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Serebryakov, O., and E. Turchaninova. "INFLUENCE OF RECREATIONAL LOAD ON ORNITOFAUNA OF THE CITY OF VORONEZH." In Modern problems of animal and plant ecology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mpeapw2021_88-93.
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In this work, we determined the number and systematic affiliation of the most common bird species of the Voronezh upland oak forest in the territories exposed to anthropogenic impact. Field studies were carried out from 2019 to 2020 on the territory of the Voronezh upland oak forest. At the sites selected for the survey, a route counting of birds by voices was carried out. The species composition of the avifauna was supplemented by an analysis of information about the habitat of birds and their nesting sites in areas with constant recreational impact. At the selected sites, birds were counted by voices (mating song). From the results of counts in the studied areas, one can see the diversity of the species composition of the avifauna during the reproductive period. Analysis of the data obtained makes it possible to determine the ecological belonging of the species and compare the quantitative indicators of the birds encountered.
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Khandogiy, A. V., E. K. Svistun, I. V. Gubich, et al. "BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY OF BIRDS IN THE PARK ZONES OF MINSK." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-197-201.
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The article discusses the features of the ecology of birds in the parks of Minsk. The territorial heterogeneity of quantitative indicators of the bird population was determined. Factors that threaten birds in urban areas have been identified. Measures are proposed to preserve the species diversity of the avifauna and improve the ecological conditions of habitats in the parks of the capital, such as the creation of special recreation areas for people on the outskirts of park areas, conservation of tree species, planting trees and shrubs, conservation of forest litter, installation of artificial nests and feeders, use for night lighting more modern lighting fixtures, promoting the protection and conservation of the avifauna, educating citizens in a humane and caring attitude towards the animal world. It is concluded that the conservation of bird biodiversity should be addressed in a comprehensive manner, depending on the ecological specifics of a particular bird species and a particular park.
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Shafer, Michael W., Robert MacCurdy, and Ephrahim Garcia. "Testing of Vibrational Energy Harvesting on Flying Birds." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3063.
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Discrete animal-mounted sensors and tags have a wide range of potential applications for researching wild animals and their environments. The devices could be used to monitor location, metabolic output, or used as environmental monitoring sentinels. These applications are made possible by recent decreases in the size, mass, and power consumption of modern microelectronics. Despite these performance increases, for extended deployments these systems need to generate power in-situ. In this work, we explore a device that was recently deployed to test the concept of vibrational piezoelectric energy harvesting on flying birds. We explain the development of the device and introduce test results conducted on flying pigeons (Columba livia). The 12 g testing device consisted of a miniature data acquisition system and a piezoelectric energy harvester. The system recorded both the harvested power and the in-flight accelerations of the bird. The energy harvester included a wireless receiver, battery and linear servo. By remotely actuating the linear servo, we were able to arrest the energy harvester for portions of the flight. In doing so, we will be able to compare flight accelerations of a bird with a simple proof mass and with a dynamic mass without having to stop the flight of the bird. The comparison of these two cases allows for the assessment of the feasibility of employing vibrational energy harvesting on a flying bird. We present the initial results of this testing with regard to the harvested power and the in-flight acceleration profiles.
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Abzaliev, Artem, Katsumi Ibaraki, Kohei Shibata, and Rada Mihalcea. "Vocalizations of the Parus minor Bird: Taxonomy and Automatic Classification." In ACI 2024: The International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3702336.3702344.
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Wicaksono, Ardilasunu, Chaerul Basri, Etih Sudarnika, and Abdul Zahid. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Bird Sellers on Avian Influenza Control Program in Bird Markets." In Proceedings of the Conference of the International Society for Economics and Social Sciences of Animal Health - South East Asia 2019 (ISESSAH-SEA 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isessah-19.2019.7.
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Bajoria, Aditya, Navin Kumar Mahto, Chaitanya Kumar Boppana, and Rajkumar S. Pant. "Design of a tethered aerostat system for animal and bird hazard mitigation." In 2017 First International Conference on Recent Advances in Aerospace Engineering (ICRAAE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icraae.2017.8297244.
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Kleinberger, Rebecca, Megha Vemuri, Janelle Sands, Harpreet Sareen, and Janet Baker. "TamagoPhone: A Framework for Augmenting Artificial Incubators to Enable Vocal Interaction Between Bird Parents and Eggs." In ACI'22: Ninth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3565995.3566036.
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Santrio, Adam, Ani Mardiastuti, and Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah. "The Characteristics of Maleo Bird (Macrocephalon Maleo) Eggs in the Wildlife Conservation Area, North Buton, Indonesia." In International Conference on Improving Tropical Animal Production for Food Security (ITAPS 2021). Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220309.092.
Full textReports on the topic "Animal and Bird"
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Homan, H. Jeffrey, Ron J. Johnson, James R. Thiele, and George M. Linz. European Starlings. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207737.ws.
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European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, Figure 1)are an invasive species in the United States. The first recorded release of the birds was in 1890 in New York City’s Central Park. Because starlings easily adapt to a variety of habitats, nest sites and food sources, the birds spread quickly across the country. Today, there are about 150 million starlings in North America. Conflicts between people and starlings occur mostly in agricultural settings. Starlings damage apples, blueberries, cherries, figs, grapes, peaches, and strawberries. Starlings gather at concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) during late fall and winter. Starlings also cause human health problem, airplane hazards, and nuisance problems. European starlings are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA).
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Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.
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- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.
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Martínez Álvarez, Silvia, and Ana Lorena De Varela. Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 2: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002971.
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"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo contiene orientaciones para el uso correcto del lápiz en el trazo.
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Martínez Álvarez, Silvia, and Ana Lorena De Varela. Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 6: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003005.
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"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo contiene orientaciones para enseñar el sonido de la letra M y su combinación con las vocales.
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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.
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Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.
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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor, and Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.
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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.
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De Varela, Ana Lorena, and Silvia Martínez Álvarez. Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 44: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004031.
Full textAbstract:
Aprendamos Todos a Leer es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. En este fascículo tomamos un respiro de las habilidades específicas para aprender a leer y escribir, para mostrarles cómo pueden apoyar a sus hijos realizando actividades de la vida cotidiana.
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Martínez Álvarez, Silvia, and Ana Lorena De Varela. Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 21: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002992.
Full textAbstract:
"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo contiene orientaciones para enseñar el sonido y escritura de la letra Y-y y su combinación con las vocales, especialmente la A-a, E-e, I-i, O-o y U-u.
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De Varela, Ana Lorena, and Silvia Martínez Álvarez. Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 41: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004028.
Full textAbstract:
Aprendamos Todos a Leer es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo los niños podrán realizar diferentes actividades para tomar el lápiz de forma segura, fortalecer el trazo, seguir la dirección del trazo, colocar el papel de forma correcta y sentarse de manera adecuada.
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De Varela, Ana Lorena, and Silvia Martínez Álvarez. Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 43: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004030.
Full textAbstract:
Aprendamos Todos a Leer es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo los niños podrán realizar diferentes actividades para tomar el lápiz de forma segura, fortalecer el trazo, seguir la dirección del trazo, colocar el papel de forma correcta y sentarse de manera adecuada.