Academic literature on the topic 'Animal chemical ecology'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Animal chemical ecology.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Animal chemical ecology"
1
Müller-Schwarze, Dietland. "The chemical ecology of ungulates." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 29, no. 1-4 (February 1991): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(91)90263-w.
Full text
2
Hampton, Jordan O., Anja Skroblin, Tom R. De Ridder, and Andrew L. Perry. "Chemical immobilisation and rangeland species: assessment of a helicopter darting method for Australian cattle." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 6 (2016): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16079.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical immobilisation (darting) is increasingly being used for the capture of rangeland animals. The aim of the present study was to assess a newly developed helicopter-based chemical immobilisation method for free-ranging Australian rangeland cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Eighteen cattle were darted from a helicopter in north-western Australia in September 2015 using a combination of xylazine and ketamine, partially reversed with yohimbine. Following a recently published framework for assessing helicopter darting methods, we quantified several animal welfare measures designed to quantify the severity and duration of stress imposed by the procedures. The duration of the procedures was generally short (median total duration 41 min), but for 33% of animals total duration exceeded 60 min. Although the sample size was small, mortality rate on the day of capture was 17% (three animals) and 28% (five animals) required physical restraint to achieve recumbency. We describe this newly developed method and discuss its relatively poor animal welfare outcomes compared with other validated helicopter darting methods. Legislation restricts veterinary chemicals that may be used for food-producing species in many countries, including Australia. Chemical immobilisation regimens other than the one chosen in the present study may produce superior animal welfare outcomes but would not be compliant with legislation in Australia. As a result of these restrictions, we suggest that development of an improved helicopter darting method for Australian cattle may prove difficult. Rangeland managers should carefully consider animal welfare impacts before undertaking chemical immobilisation programs, especially for food-producing species.
3
Elliott, J. M., W. J. Bell, and R. T. Carde. "Chemical Ecology of Insects." Journal of Animal Ecology 54, no. 3 (October 1985): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4396.
Full text
4
Cantley, Alexandra M., and Jon Clardy. "Animals in a bacterial world: opportunities for chemical ecology." Natural Product Reports 32, no. 7 (2015): 888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4np00141a.
Full text
5
Mazorra-Alonso, Mónica, Gustavo Tomás, and Juan José Soler. "Microbially Mediated Chemical Ecology of Animals: A Review of Its Role in Conspecific Communication, Parasitism and Predation." Biology 10, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10040274.
Full textAbstract:
Microbial symbionts are nowadays considered of pivotal importance for animal life. Among the many processes where microorganisms are involved, an emerging research avenue focuses on their major role in driving the evolution of chemical communication in their hosts. Volatiles of bacterial origin may underlie chemical communication and the transfer of social information through signals, as well as inadvertent social information. We reviewed the role of microorganisms in animal communication between conspecifics, and, because the microbiome may cause beneficial as well as deleterious effects on their animal hosts, we also reviewed its role in determining the outcome of the interactions with parasites and predators. Finally, we paid special attention to the hypothetical role of predation and parasitism in driving the evolution of the animal microbiome. We highlighted the novelty of the theoretical framework derived from considering the microbiota of animals in scenarios of communication, parasitism, and predation. We aimed to encourage research in these areas, suggesting key predictions that need to be tested to better understand what is one of the main roles of bacteria in animal biology.
6
Pickett, John A., Michael A. Birkett, Sarah Y. Dewhirst, James G. Logan, Maurice O. Omolo, Baldwyn Torto, Julien Pelletier, Zainulabeuddin Syed, and Walter S. Leal. "Chemical Ecology of Animal and Human Pathogen Vectors in a Changing Global Climate." Journal of Chemical Ecology 36, no. 1 (January 2010): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-010-9739-9.
Full text
7
Paul, Valerie J., Christopher J. Freeman, and Vinayak Agarwal. "Chemical Ecology of Marine Sponges: New Opportunities through “-Omics”." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 4 (April 27, 2019): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The chemical ecology and chemical defenses of sponges have been investigated for decades; consequently, sponges are among the best understood marine organisms in terms of their chemical ecology, from the level of molecules to ecosystems. Thousands of natural products have been isolated and characterized from sponges, and although relatively few of these compounds have been studied for their ecological functions, some are known to serve as chemical defenses against predators, microorganisms, fouling organisms, and other competitors. Sponges are hosts to an exceptional diversity of microorganisms, with almost 40 microbial phyla found in these associations to date. Microbial community composition and abundance are highly variable across host taxa, with a continuum from diverse assemblages of many microbial taxa to those that are dominated by a single microbial group. Microbial communities expand the nutritional repertoire of their hosts by providing access to inorganic and dissolved sources of nutrients. Not only does this continuum of microorganism–sponge associations lead to divergent nutritional characteristics in sponges, these associated microorganisms and symbionts have long been suspected, and are now known, to biosynthesize some of the natural products found in sponges. Modern “omics” tools provide ways to study these sponge–microbe associations that would have been difficult even a decade ago. Metabolomics facilitate comparisons of sponge compounds produced within and among taxa, and metagenomics and metatranscriptomics provide tools to understand the biology of host–microbe associations and the biosynthesis of ecologically relevant natural products. These combinations of ecological, microbiological, metabolomic and genomics tools, and techniques provide unprecedented opportunities to advance sponge biology and chemical ecology across many marine ecosystems.
8
Ali, Saqib, Suliman Ali, Lina Lina, Wen Zhou, Muhammad Irfan Waris, Ashfaq Ali, and Man Qun Wang. "Chemical Ecology of Asian Long Horned Beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) - A Review." Pakistan Journal of Zoology 49, no. 3 (May 2017): 1093–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.3.1093.1105.
Full text
9
Jumars. "Animal Guts as Ideal Chemical Reactors: Maximizing Absorption Rates." American Naturalist 155, no. 4 (2000): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3078933.
Full text
10
Ferrari, Maud C. O., Brian D. Wisenden, and Douglas P. Chivers. "Chemical ecology of predator–prey interactions in aquatic ecosystems: a review and prospectusThe present review is one in the special series of reviews on animal–plant interactions." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 7 (July 2010): 698–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-029.
Full textAbstract:
The interaction between predator and prey is an evolutionary arms race, for which early detection by either party is often the key to success. In aquatic ecosystems, olfaction is an essential source of information for many prey and predators and a number of cues have been shown to play a key role in trait-mediated indirect interactions in aquatic communities. Here, we review the nature and role of predator kairomones, chemical alarm cues, disturbance cues, and diet cues on the behaviour, morphology, life history, and survival of aquatic prey, focusing primarily on the discoveries from the last decade. Many advances in the field have been accomplished: testing the survival value of those chemicals, providing field validation of laboratory results, understanding the extent to which chemically mediated learning may benefit the prey, understanding the role of these chemicals in mediating morphological and life-history adaptations, and most importantly, the selection pressures leading to the evolution of chemical alarm cues. Although considerable advances have been made, several key questions remain, the most urgent of which is to understand the chemistry behind these interactions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal chemical ecology"
1
LaDue, Chase Andrew. "Chemical Signaling in Asian Elephants (Elephas Maximus): Concentration Effects with Applications for Management and Conservation." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1622.
Full textAbstract:
Asian elephants utilize two chemical signals that have been described to function in reproduction: (1) (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac) is released by females near ovulation, and (2) frontalin is released by males around the time of musth. Signaling theory posits that the concentration at which either compound is emitted should have implications for the response of the receiver, varying with factors such as sex and reproductive experience. Here, the objectives were to: (1) investigate the effect of concentration on receiver chemosensory behavior in an effort to identify detection thresholds and concentrations of maximum response for reproductively experienced or inexperienced male and female Asian elephants, and (2) characterize the broader behavioral impacts of each of these compounds in an effort for application as environmental enrichment in captive settings. Concentrations from 0.0 mM to 2.0 mM of both frontalin and Z7-12:Ac were bioassayed simultaneously with captive elephants housed at facilities across North America in two experiments: one that tested mid-range concentrations and a second that tested low and high concentrations. There was a general increase in chemosensory response with increasing concentration of both compounds regardless of sex or reproductive experience. Females exhibited a lower detection threshold for frontalin, and the opposite was true for males with Z7-12:Ac. Reproductive experience also influenced thresholds: inexperienced males had a higher threshold than experienced males for frontalin (the same was true for females), and experienced males were able to detect Z7-12:Ac samples as low as 10–7 mM. Aside from inexperienced males, all elephants responded maximally to the 1.0 mM samples of both compounds. Elephants exposed to mid-range concentrations of either compound showed no notable changes in behavior after application of the signals, although inexperienced males spent less time inactive and more time walking after frontalin bioassays, and inexperienced females foraged more after exposure to Z7-12:Ac. Interpreted together, this suggests that the concentration at which either compound is emitted has strong implications for chemosensory response based on the identity of the receiver in Asian elephants, although it is unclear whether these compounds have other behavioral effects that can be targeted for a goal-oriented olfactory enrichment program.
2
Krug, Patrick Joseph. "Chemical and larval ecology of opisthobranch molluscs : variable development modes and settlement cues for larvae of Alderia modesta /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907826.
Full text
3
Rasher, Douglas B. "Chemically mediated competition, herbivory, and the structure of coral reefs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49019.
Full textAbstract:
Corals, the foundation species of tropical reefs, are in rapid global decline as a result of anthropogenic disturbance. On many reefs, losses of coral have coincided with the over-harvesting of reef herbivores, resulting in ecosystem phase-shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance. It is hypothesized that abundant macroalgae inhibit coral recovery and recruitment, thereby generating ecological feedback processes that reinforce phase-shifts to macroalgae and further diminish reef function. Notwithstanding, the extent to which macroalgae directly outcompete coral, the mechanisms involved, and the species-specificity of algal-coral competition remains debated. Moreover the capacity for herbivores to prevent vs. reverse ecosystem phase-shifts to macroalgae and the roles of herbivore diversity in such phenomena remain poorly understood. Here I demonstrate with a series of field experiments in the tropical Pacific and Caribbean Sea that multiple macroalgae common to degraded reefs directly outcompete coral using chemical warfare, that these interactions are mediated by hydrophobic secondary metabolites transferred from algal to coral surfaces by direct contact, and that the outcomes of these allelopathic interactions are highly species-specific. Using field observations and experiments in the tropical Pacific, I also demonstrate that the process of herbivory attenuates the competitive effects of allelopathic algae on corals by controlling succession of algal communities, and that the herbivore species responsible for macroalgal removal possess complementary tolerances to the diversity of chemical defenses deployed among algae, creating an essential role for herbivore diversity in reversing ecosystem phase-shifts to macroalgae. Lastly, I demonstrate with field experiments in the tropical Pacific that algal-coral competition simultaneously induces allelochemicals and suppresses anti-herbivore deterrents in some algae, likely due to trade-offs in the productions of defense metabolites with differing ecological functions. Together, these studies provide strong evidence that chemically mediated competitive and consumer-prey interactions play principal roles in coral reef degradation and recovery, and should provide resource managers with vital information needed for effective management of these ecologically and economically important but threatened ecosystems.
4
Marion, Zachary Harrison. "Ecological efficacy of chemically-mediated antipredator defenses in the Eastern newt Notophthalmus viridescens." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34856.
Full textAbstract:
Frogs, toads, and salamanders are well known for harboring an array of distasteful (and poisonous) secondary metabolites, presumably as antipredator defenses; yet few experiments have rigorously demonstrated the efficacy of amphibian chemical defenses against ecologically relevant consumers. For example, despite an absence of rigorous statistical evidence showing their distastefulness to predators, eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens (Rafinesque))--a common salamander in lentic North American habitats--are assumed to tolerate diverse predator assemblages because newts secrete tetrodotoxin (TTX), a neurotoxin. Here we combine laboratory and field-based ecology with bioassay-guided separation of chemical extracts to show that eastern newts--although chemically protected against ecologically important consumers in lentic systems--nonetheless suffer substantial predation when tethered in the field. When offered newts with alternative prey (paedomorphic Ambystoma talpoideum), red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were 9-10x as likely to feed on A. talpoideum as newts. Additionally, juvenile bluegill (Lepomis machrochirus) were 70% less likely to consume newt eggs compared to control food pellets. We also show that different newt tissues were differentially palatable to predatory fish. All bluegill tested consumed a palatable control food, but only 20% consumed dorsal skin, only 35% ate ventral skin, but 75% fed on newt viscera, suggesting that deterrent metabolites are concentrated in the skin. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed that crude and water-soluble newt chemical extracts inhibited bluegill feeding, definitively establishing the chemical nature of newt antipredator defenses, although we were unsuccessful at isolating the chemical compounds responsible for unpalatability. Yet, deterrent activity in the polar but not the lipophilic chemical fraction and bioassay results demonstrating that naıve predators rapidly learn to avoid natural concentrations of TTX support the possible role of TTX in suppressing predation on newts. However, when tethered in the field, newt mortality was 55% higher in ponds with predatory fishes than in ponds lacking fishes (62% vs. 40% respectively), indicating the possible existence of other predators that are resistant to (or tolerant of) newt chemical defenses. Together, these results stress the importance of rigorous, ecologically relevant, and hypothesis-driven experimentation to better understand the complexity of chemically- mediated predator-prey interactions, even for well-studied species like N. viridescens.
5
Carvalho, Cenira Monteiro de. "Comportamento da Mosca-dos-chifres, Haematobia irritans, (Diptera - Muscidae) frente aos compostos orgânicos voláteis de diferentes raças bovinas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1839.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work was to study the effect of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) released by cattle of different breeds on the behavior of the horn fly (Haematobia irritans). This ectoparasite is of great economic importance because it causes damage to various livestock worldwide. The study began with the implementation of a breeding place for horn flies in the laboratory at the Federal University of Alagoas in order to perform advanced studies with this parasite, as well as to follow the development of the egg to adult. Three breedings methods were used in order to obtain the greater emergency index of H. irritans fly in laboratory. Afterwards, odors released by cattle breeds Gyr, Holstein, Brown Swiss, Nellore and Gyr (both sexes) were taken followed by the extraction of the material collected with the aid of bidestiled hexane and analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC), Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) in all breeds; Eletroantenography Gas Chromatography (GC/EAG) performed with the chromatogram with the highest number of peaks and behavioral bioassays. The behavioral bioassays with the horn fly were performed with extracts from animal and synthetic standards identified in GC/EAD, using an olfactometer type Y. In addition, we investigated whether there are differences on VOCs released from the different genetic groups. With regard to the breeding
place, in the first creation, horn flies after emergence were counted and the result was 18.61% of
emergency. In the second creation, the percentage of emerged flies was 55.56% and in the third was 78.22%, considered, thus, the most appropriate method for rearing H. irritans in laboratory, when the development was within a cooling chamber. Analysis of the GC chromatograms of the Brown Swiss breed showed that the collection of VOCs in animals was efficient since most of the compounds was shown to be present in all samples. The qualitative GC analysis of all races had shown that there was not a large variation with respect to VOCs. The analysis of GC/MS confirmed the difference on compounds between the races, and nine of them were common in all races. Among them, camphene, 2-ethylhexanal, 2-heptenal, 1-octen-3-one, 1-octen-3-ol, octan-3-one, octanal, 2,2,8-trimethyldecane and 2-phenylethyl butyrate. All VOCs obtained in the analyses mentioned above were identified by their Kovats indices indexes (KI). The results of the extracts’ aeration bioassays have shown that insects are attracted by volatiles from both sexes of the European breeds and mixed Girolando. In the bioassays performed with synthetic standards, only butyl acetate showed significant responses at concentrations of 10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 mg/mL. VOCs obtained by GC/MS were similar between breeds and mixed European and otherwise distinct from the Indian races.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito dos Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis (COVs) liberados por bovinos de diferentes raças sobre o comportamento da mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans). Esse ectoparasita é de grande importância econômica, por causar diversos danos à pecuária mundial. O estudo teve início com a implantação de um criatório de moscasdos-chifres em laboratório, na Universidade Federal de Alagoas, visando à realização de estudos avançados com esse parasita, assim como acompanhar o desenvolvimento ovo-adulto. Três criações foram utilizadas para obtenção de um maior número de emergência da mosca H. irritans em laboratório. Posteriormente, foram realizadas coletas de odores exalados por bovinos das raças Girolando, Holandesa, Pardo-Suíça, Nelore e Gir (de ambos os sexos), seguindo-se extração, por hexano bidestilado, do material coletado e análises por Cromatografia Gasosa (CG); Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas (CG/EM) em todas as raças estudadas; Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Eletroantenografia (CG/EAG) com o cromatograma que apresentou o maior número de picos e bioensaios comportamentais. Os bioensaios comportamentais com a mosca-dos-chifres foram realizados com os extratos oriundos dos animais e com padrões sintéticos identificados no CG/EAG usando olfatômetro tipo Y. Além disso, foi investigado se existe diferença dos COVs liberados entre os diferentes grupos genéticos. Com relação ao criatório de mosca-dos-chifres, após emergência, as moscas foram contadas e o resultado foi de 18,61 % de emergência, na primeira criação. Na segunda criação, a porcentagem de moscas emergidas foi de 55,56 % e na terceira criação a emergência foi de 78,22 %, sendo considerado, o método mais adequado para criação de H. irritans em laboratório, quando a criação foi desenvolvida dentro de uma câmara de refrigeração. A análise dos resultados de CG da raça Pardo-Suíça revelou que a coleta dos COVs em animais foi eficiente já que a maior parte dos compostos repetiu-se em todas as amostras analisadas. A análise em CG de todas as raças mostra que não houve uma grande variação qualitativa com relação aos COVs das amostras analisadas. A análise do CG/EM, confirmou a diferença dos compostos entre as raças, sendo que, nove foram comuns em todas as raças. Entre eles, canfeno, 2-etil-hexanal, 2-heptenal, 1-octen-3-ona, 1-octen-3-ol, octan-3-ona, octanal, 2,2,8-trimetildecano e butirato de 2-feniletila. Todos os COVs obtidos nas análises citadas acima foram identificados através do Índice de Kóvats (KI). Os resultados obtidos com os bioensaios dos extratos da aeração mostraram que os insetos foram atraídos pelos voláteis de ambos os sexos das raças europeias e da mestiça Girolando. Os bioensaios realizados com os padrões sintéticos mostraram que apenas o acetato de butila apresentou respostas significativas nas concentrações de 10-7,10-6 e 10-5 mg/mL. Os COVs obtidos por CG/EM foram similares entre as raças europeias e a mestiça e por outro lado distintos das raças indianas.
6
Gray, Christopher Anthony. "The role of a symbiotic bryozoan in the chemical ecology of a marine benthic predator-prey interaction." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005444.
Full textAbstract:
The subtidal whelk Burnupena papyracea (Brugière) co-occurs with a voracious predator, the rock lobster Jasus lalandii (Milne Edwards), in situations where other potential prey are largely eliminated. This has been ascribed to a symbiotic bryozoan, Alcyonidium nodosum (O’Donoghue and de Watteville), which characteristically encrusts the shells of B. papyracea and deters feeding by Jasus. In this study it is shown that this is not due to physical effects of either induced physical defences in the bryozoan or increased shell strength due to the presence of the bryozoan. Neither spectroscopic screening of chemical extracts of the bryozoan nor analysis for volatile constituents revealed any apparent chemical components that are likely to deter feeding. Chemical extracts also failed to show larvicidal effects in a standard toxicity assay using the brine shrimp Artemia salina (Leach). Despite this, bioassays using individual Jasus indicated a chemical basis for feeding deterrence. The assays were run separately on three sets of Jasus and some repeats of assays gave contradictory results. However, assays showing no significant effect of treatment occurred with moulting Jasus, involved very low overall feeding rates and so gave a less convincing result. In other assays Jasus always avoided Burnupena papyracea with live Alcyonidium encrusting the shell, and food pellets containing Alcyonidium or an Alcyonidium extract. Significant preferences were shown for an unencrusted whelk, B. cincta (Röding), over B. papyracea; for B. papyracea with the bryozoan scraped off over natural B. papyracea; for B. papyracea on which the bryozoans had been killed with liquid nitrogen over untreated B. papyracea; and for food pellets prepared from ground, dried mussel over pellets prepared with dried mussel mixed with A. nodosum or its crude organic extract. It is concluded that the protection which Alcyonidium confers on Burnupena papyracea does have a chemical basis, but that the chemical responsible is either present in only trace quantities, or that it is a structurally unremarkable compound which is distasteful to Jasus. This work highlights both the advantages of using ecologically relevant bioassays (positive results when standard techniques give a negative result) and also the disadvantages (logistic constraints on sample sizes when using large test animals and individual variability in a relatively sophisticated test animal).
7
Beattie, Molly C. "Diet and familiarity influence on predator recognition by chemical cues in crayfish." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1521577265172544.
Full text
8
Vighi, Morgana. "Use of chemical markers in the study of distribution range and population structure of large cetaceans = Uso de marcadores químicos en el estudio del rango de distribución y de la estructura de poblaciones de grandes cetáceos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/351950.
Full textAbstract:
Cetaceans have historically been object of heavy exploitation, and are still currently subject to different threats. For conservation and management purposes, most of the large cetacean populations have been categorized in stocks, considered as isolated and demographically independent management units. Many research techniques may contribute in the definition of these stocks, such as morphometric studies, mark recapture studies, genetics, satellite tracking. This thesis focuses on the development and application to cetacean populations of chemical markers of geographical origin and spatial movements. The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the potentialities of chemical markers, such as stable isotopes and element concentrations, to investigate the patterns of distribution, the level of structuring and, when possible, the migration routes, of cetaceans populations. All these variables are essential to ensure the implementation of proper management measures and to guarantee the conservation of these animals. Three case studies were considered: the Eastern North Atlantic sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus); the South Western Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena australis), and the North Atlantic fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). δ15N, δ13C and δ18O values were analyzed in the dentinal growth layers of sperm whales from Denmark and NW Spain, in bone of right whales from Southern Brazil and Northern Argentina, and in bone of fin whales from W Iceland and NW Spain; concentrations of fluoride and selected metals (Zn, Pb, Ti, Sr, Cu) were analyzed in bone of fin whales from W Iceland and NW Spain. To establish the validity of each marker, the degree of compliance of each of the following four properties has been investigated: i) the basal levels of the chemical marker in the environment present significant gradients; ii) the chemical marker can be detected and measured in the tissues of whales; iii) the variability of the chemical marker within each population is moderate or, alternatively, it is predictable through measurable parameters, so that its effect can be taken into account; and iv) the values of the chemical marker in the body tissues reflect basal levels in a predictable and consistent manner. Each marker provided, at different levels, valuable information regarding the studied populations. Some difficulties emerged, connected with the complexity of the migratory cycles of whales, the possible intervention of homeostatic regulation mechanisms, and the characteristics of the tissues investigated. Nevertheless, results highlighted the occurrence of structuring within the North Atlantic sperm whale population, as well as within the South Western Atlantic right whale population, which are both currently considered as a single management unit. Moreover, results regarding the North Atlantic fin whale populations contributed to highlight the complexity of migration patterns and of the level of connectivity among the currently accepted stocks, challenging the proper definition of their limits and their degree of isolation within the basin. Some further research is recommended to deepen the knowledge about the North Atlantic fin whale population structure, as well as to investigate the levels of chemical markers in other tissues with different turnover characteristics, such as skin or baleen plates. Overall, the results obtained from the analyses performed in this thesis underline the power of chemical markers as a complementary tool to the traditional techniques used for investigating the structure and demography of cetaceans’ populations.Los cetáceos han estado y están actualmente sujetos a diferentes tipos de amenazas. Para su correcta gestión y conservación, la mayoría de las poblaciones de grandes cetáceos han sido categorizadas en “stocks”, considerados como unidades de gestión aisladas y demográficamente independientes. Muchas técnicas de investigación pueden contribuir en la definición de estas unidades, como los estudios morfométricos, los estudios de marcaje y recaptura, la genética y el seguimiento por satélite. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es evaluar las potencialidades de los marcadores químicos, tales como los isótopos estables y las concentraciones de algunos elementos, como herramientas para la investigación de los patrones de distribución y del nivel de estructuración de las poblaciones de cetáceos. Para ello, se han considerado tres casos modelo: el cachalote del Atlántico Nororiental, la ballena franca del Atlántico Suroccidental, y el rorcual común del Atlántico Norte. Se analizaron las proporciones isotópicas de δ15N, δ13C y δ18O en muestras de dientes de cachalote y de hueso de ballena franca y rorcual común; y las concentraciones de flúor y de metales pesados (Zn, Pb, Ti, Sr, Cu) en muestras de hueso de rorcual común. Cada marcador proporcionó, a diferentes niveles, información valiosa sobre las poblaciones estudiadas. Al interpretar los resultados, surgieron algunas dificultades relacionadas con la complejidad de los ciclos migratorios de los cetáceos, la posible intervención de mecanismos de regulación homeostática, y las características de los tejidos investigados. Sin embargo, los resultados destacaron cierto nivel de estructuración dentro de las poblaciones de cachalotes del Atlántico Norte y de ballenas francas del Atlántico Suroccidental, que actualmente están ambas consideradas como unidades de gestión únicas. Por otra parte, los resultados obtenidos en las poblaciones de rorcual común del Atlántico Norte contribuyeron a evidenciar la complejidad de los patrones migratorios y del nivel de conectividad entre sus poblaciones, desafiando la adecuada definición de sus límites y de su grado de aislamiento. En general, los resultados de la tesis destacan las potencialidades de los marcadores químicos como herramienta complementaria a las técnicas utilizadas tradicionalmente para la investigación de la estructura y demografía de las poblaciones de cetáceos.
9
Hill, Jennifer Marie. "Predator biomass and habitat characteristics affect the magnitude of consumptive and non-consumptive effects (NCEs): experiments between blue crabs, mud crabs, and oyster prey." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41172.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research has focused on the non-lethal effects of predator intimidation and fear, dubbed non-consumptive effects (NCEs), in which prey actively change their behavior and habitat use in response to predator chemical cues. Although NCEs can have large impacts on community structure, many studies have ignored differences in predator population structure and properties of the natural environment that may modify the magnitude and importance of NCEs. Here, I investigated the roles of predator size and density (i.e. biomass), as well as habitat characteristics, on predator risk assessment and the magnitude of consumptive and NCEs using blue crabs, mud crabs, and oyster prey as a model system. Predation experiments between blue crabs and mud crabs demonstrated that blue crabs consume mud crabs; however, the consumptive effects were dependent upon blue crab body size and habitat type. When mud crabs were exposed to chemical cues from differing biomasses of blue crabs in laboratory mesocosms, mud crab activity and predation on oysters was decreased in response to high biomass treatments (i.e. large and multiple small blue crabs), but not to low biomass predators (i.e single small blue crab), suggesting that risk associated with predator size is perceptible via chemical cues and is based on predator biomass. Further experiments showed that the perception of risk and the magnitude of the NCEs were affected by the sensory cues available and the diet of the blue crab predator. The NCE based on blue crab biomass was also demonstrated in the field where water flow can disperse cues necessary for propagating NCEs. Properties of water flow were measured within the experimental design and during the experiment and confirmed cage environments were representative of natural conditions and that patterns in NCEs were not associated with flow characteristics. These results affect species conservation and commercial fisheries management and demonstrate that we cannot successfully predict NCEs without considering predator size structure and the contexts under which we determine predator risk.
10
Duncan, Matthew W. "Determinants of host use in tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Southwest Ohio." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1495723449203563.
Full textBooks on the topic "Animal chemical ecology"
1
J, Bell William, ed. Chemical ecology of insects 2. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1995.
Find full text
2
Nakamuta, Kiyoshi. Chemical ecology of wood-boring insects. Tsukuba, Japan: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 2009.
Find full text
4
David, Duvall, Müller-Schwarze Dietland, Silverstein Robert M. 1916-, and International Symposium on Comparative Endocrinology (10th : 1985 : Copper Mountain, Colo.), eds. Chemical signals in vertebrates 4: Ecology, evolution, and comparative biology. New York: Plenum Press, 1986.
Find full text
5
Conference on Insect Chemical Ecology (1990 Tábor, Czechoslovakia). Insect chemical ecology: Proceedings of a Conference held in Tábor, Czechoslovakia, 12-18 August 1990. The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing, 1991.
Find full text
7
Agosta, William C. Bombardier beetles and fever trees: A close-up look at chemical warfare and signals in animals and plants. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1996.
Find full text
8
Agosta, William C. Bombardier beetles and fever trees: A close-up look at chemical warfare and signals in animals and plants. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1997.
Find full text
9
Wen, Zhang, and Liu Hong, eds. Behavioral and chemical ecology. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.
Find full text
10
T, Cardé Ring, and Millar Jocelyn G. 1954-, eds. Advances in insect chemical ecology. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Animal chemical ecology"
1
Alves, L. F. "Chemical Ecology and the Social Behavior of Animals." In Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, 1–85. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8987-0_1.
Full text
2
Fisher, Charles R. "Toward an Appreciation of Hydrothennal-Vent Animals: Their Environment, Physiological Ecology, and Tissue Stable Isotope Values." In Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological, and Geological Interactions, 297–316. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm091p0297.
Full text
3
Cronin, Thomas W., Sönke Johnsen, N. Justin Marshall, and Eric J. Warrant. "Visual Orientation and Navigation." In Visual Ecology. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151847.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explains how orientation refers to an animal's ability to move or posture itself in a desired direction relative to its environment. The ability to orient is virtually a universal feature of animal life. Many animals go a step further and navigate through the environment, finding their way from their current location to a specific destination that might be meters or kilometers away. Orientation mechanisms, and even more those that underlie navigation, are often complex and multimodal, involving not only visual cues but also sensory information about gravity, magnetic fields, chemical stimuli, mechanical and auditory cues, and even internal stimuli. As for so many other aspects of visual ecology, many of the critical observations have involved invertebrate animals, but work on vertebrates is very active as well.
4
B., Emma, M. Soledad, and Gustavo H. "Use of Chromatography in Animal Ecology." In Chromatography - The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48669.
Full text
5
Matthews, Wendy, Lisa-Marie Shillito, Sarah Elliott, Ian D. Bull, and James Williams. "Neolithic Lifeways." In Early Farmers. British Academy, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265758.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
In this chapter, the authors review how integrated microstratigraphic, phytolith and chemical analyses can contribute to our understanding of continuity and change in ecological and social practices during the transition to agriculture, in Zagros, with selective comparative reference to central Anatolia. They examine how micro-contextual analysis of plant materials preserved in large thin-sections and phytolith analyses are contributing to a fuller understanding of the ecology and use of both wild and domesticated plants than is possible from study of charred plants alone. They consider how integrated analyses of animal dung are informing on the earliest stages of animal management, including penning, foddering and use of dung for fuel. Lastly they briefly review the microstratigraphic evidence for how the transition to agriculture was shaped by and impacted on particular activities, roles and relations within households and communities by study of continuity and change in the nature, timing and organisation of these.
6
Sepp, Tuul, Kevin J. McGraw, and Mathieu Giraudeau. "Urban Sexual Selection." In Urban Evolutionary Biology, 234–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836841.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
Human-modified habitats can present both challenges and opportunities for wild animals. Changes in the environment caused by urbanization can affect who survives and reproduces in wild animal populations. Accordingly, we can expect that changes in sexual selection pressures may occur in response to urbanization. Changes in sexually selected traits like bird song and colouration have been one of the main thrusts of urban ecology in recent decades. However, studies to date have focused on describing changes in sexual phenotypes in response to urban environmental change, and knowledge about genetic/microevolutionary change is lacking. Also, while some signalling modalities have been well studied and linked to human activities (e.g., changes in auditory signals in response to anthropogenic noise), others have received comparatively less attention in this context (e.g., effects of air pollution on chemical signalling). In addition, the focus has been mainly on the signal sender, instead of the signal receiver, thereby missing an important side of sexual selection. This chapter reviews the evidence that sexual selection pressures and sexually selected traits have been impacted by urban environments, with attention to the potential for rapid adaptive and plastic shifts in traits of signallers and receivers. It explores the possibilities that urbanization causes evolutionary change and speciation in wild animal populations through sexual selection. Finally, it provides new ideas for future studies to explore these questions and especially the evolution of female preferences in urban environments.
7
McKenzie, John A. "Pesticide Resistance." In Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131543.003.0034.
Full textAbstract:
Biological control, sterile insect release, autocidal control and genetically modified crops have made, and will continue to make, important contributions to specific programs of integrated pest management. However, at least into the immediate future, the effective management of agricultural ecosystems will depend on the judicious use of chemical pesticides to control fungal pathogens, weeds, nematodes, or arthropods that damage crops or livestock and lead to lower productivity. Similar conclusions can be drawn with respect to the control of insect pests that play key roles as vectors in the transmission of diseases that have devastating impact on the health of humans and animals, particularly in the developing countries of Africa and Asia. If pesticides are used inappropriately, their effectiveness can be short-lived, and the residues of the chemicals can be harmful to the environment. Typically, resistance to the pesticide develops, often resulting in increased chemical usage at higher concentrations. This, in turn, produces higher levels of pesticide residues in the environment, with greater deleterious effect on nontargeted species through direct, unintentional exposure or through the incorporation of chemical residues into food chains. Unfortunately, this outcome has not been uncommon. The list of pests and the chemicals to which they have developed resistance is depressingly impressive (Georghiou 1986; Bergelson and Purrington 1996; Denholm et al. 1999). The development of resistance causes significant problems. The phenomenon does, however, provide a rare opportunity: the chance to study natural selection where fundamental research on ecology, genetics, molecular, and developmental biology and physiology can be integrated. An understanding of the microevolutionary processes that lead to the development of resistance enables the derivation of better strategies of pesticide usage that minimize the evolution of resistance to future pesticides. The task of measuring selection in natural populations is not, however, trivial (Fairbairn and Reeve, this volume). In essence, to demonstrate unambiguously that selection is occurring we must: …1. Identify the selective agent(s). 2. Mechanistically associate the action of the selective agent on the phenotype(s) with the product(s) of the genotype(s). 3. Gain predictable results after using our knowledge of the mechanism to manipulate experimental populations….
8
Willmer, Pat. "Rewards 2: The Biology of Nectar." In Pollination and Floral Ecology. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691128610.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the biology of nectar, the main secondary floral reward in an evolutionary sense. As a commodity, nectar is easy for plants to produce and easy for animals to handle; its sugars are simple to metabolize and thus to use as a readily available fuel for an animal’s activities. Nectar is a crucial factor in determining the interactions of flowers and their visitors. The chapter first provides an overview of how floral nectar is produced in a nectary before discussing nectar secretion, the chemical composition of nectar, and nectar volume. It then considers nectar concentration and viscosity, nectar as a sugar and energy reward, and nectar as a water reward. It also explores daily, seasonal, and phylogenetic patterns of nectar production, how flowers control their nectar and their pollinators, and problems in measuring and quantifying nectar. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the costs of nectar gathering.
9
Thrush, Simon F., Judi E. Hewitt, Conrad A. Pilditch, and Alf Norkko. "Benthic animals and plants and what they do to sediments." In Ecology of Coastal Marine Sediments, 19–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804765.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter explores the interactions of plants and animals with their immediate sedimentary environment. Plants and animals fundamentally change the physical and chemical characteristics of their sedimentary environment. The changes they effect are dependent on their size, living position, feeding mode and mobility. The types of changes are discussed as well as the resultant ability of plants and animals to actually create seafloor habitats and contribute to sediment heterogeneity at both small and large scales. Seafloor habitats are therefore best defined by a mix of physical and biology rather than physical descriptors alone. But the differences between how different animals feed and move and their ability to create structures such as tubes and burrows that influence the flows of oxygen and porewater within the sediments and across the sediment–water interface mean that there are not only a variety of vegetated seafloor habitats but a variety of non-vegetated ones.
10
Breithaupt, Thomas, and Jörg D. Hardege. "Pheromones mediating sex and dominance in aquatic animals." In Chemical Ecology in Aquatic Systems, 39–56. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199583096.003.0004.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Animal chemical ecology"
1
Kraskov, D. A., and T. P. Lutsko. "TOXIC-ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER IN THE GULF OF FINNISH." In "International Scientific and Practical Conference" THEORY AND PRACTICE OF VETERINARY PHARMACY, ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY IN AIC ", dedicated to the centenary of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, SPbSUVM. FSBEI HE St. Petersburg SUVM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/3006-2021-2-153-154.
Full textAbstract:
The Gulf of Finland plays an important role in many aspects of the activities of people living in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, based on this, it is necessary to control the chemical composition of the waters of the Gulf of Finland in order to avoid unwanted complications from animal health.
2
MATYSIK-PEJAS, Renata, Monika SZAFRAŃSKA, and Elżbieta LATO. "DETERMINANTS OF LEADING OF ORGANIC FARMS IN MAŁOPOLSKA REGION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.033.
Full textAbstract:
Poland is a country with significant potential for the development of organic farming. This is due to the possession of rural areas characterized by favorable natural and productive conditions. The advantages of Polish agriculture include relatively clean environment, low chemicals consumption, large labor resources and relatively low labor costs. The main objective of conducted research was to present factors determining the leading of organic farms in the conditions of fragmented agriculture in south Poland. The research was conducted in the Malopolska Voivodeship in 2017. Source material for analysis was primary information collected using PAPI method. In the survey participated 50 certified organic farms chosen by using purposive method of sample selection. In the area structure of surveyed organic farms dominated farms from 5.1 ha to 10 ha. The most popular direction of agricultural production on farms was the growing vegetables. Owners of organic farms as one of the main reasons for moving the farm from conventional to organic systems, considered the possibility of obtaining subsidies for one hectare of cultivation. These subsidies provide them financial support especially in the first years of operation on the market. The least important reason for transformation a farm from conventional to organic system was the factor associated with the reduction of environmental pollution as a result of the change in system of farming. As one of the advantages of running a organic farm, producers pointed the possibility of selecting disease-resistant plant and animal species and creating additional workplaces. On the other hand, as a basic disadvantage of organic farming, farmers pointed out the difficulties in finding market for the products from the farm. Most farm owners cooperate with various organizations connected with ecology. Very popular among them are also different kind of training courses, which are aimed at expanding knowledge of organic production. At the same time the educational activity of the surveyed farms is very low. Only in a few farms was conducted educational activity for children or people interested in ecology.