Academic literature on the topic 'Animal Culture and Nutrition Agriculture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Animal Culture and Nutrition Agriculture"
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Eibl, Regine, Yannick Senn, Géraldine Gubser, Valentin Jossen, Christian van den Bos, and Dieter Eibl. "Cellular Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-063020-123940.
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Cellular agriculture is the controlled and sustainable manufacture of agricultural products with cells and tissues without plant or animal involvement. Today, microorganisms cultivated in bioreactors already produce egg and milk proteins, sweeteners, and flavors for human nutrition as well as leather and fibers for shoes, bags, and textiles. Furthermore, plant cell and tissue cultures provide ingredients that stimulate the immune system and improve skin texture, with another precommercial cellular agriculture product, in vitro meat, currently receiving a great deal of attention. All these approaches could assist traditional agriculture in continuing to provide for the dietary requirements of a growing world population while freeing up important resources such as arable land. Despite early successes, challenges remain and are discussed in this review, with a focus on production processes involving plant and animal cell and tissue cultures.
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Traore, Sidi Oumar, Alassane Ba, Doubangolo Coulibaly, Abdoul Kader Kone, Bouréma Kone, and Nangboro Ferdinand Dembele. "Production du fourrage de Mucuna pruriens pour l’alimentation des animaux et sa marge brute en zone cotonnière du Mali." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i1.11.
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En zone cotonnière du Mali, la situation d’affouragement des animaux est largement déficitaire. Pour améliorer la disponibilité des ressources fourragères, la recherche en partenariat avec les producteurs a introduit en milieu paysan la culture de Mucuna pruriens. Cette étude vise à évaluer les performances de M. pruriens dans la production du fourrage pour les animaux. Les essais ont été conduits par 25 producteurs répartis dans 5 sites durant les campagnes agricoles 2015-2016, 2016-2017 et 2017-2018. Les essais étaient divisés en deux parcelles tests : culture pure de M. pruriens et association M. pruriens/maïs. La production moyenne en biomasse de M. pruriens pur sur les 3 campagnes agricoles a été de 4 363±1 491kg MS/ha. Cette production couvre les besoins en matière sèche de 7,76±2,65 UBT durant 90 jours. Pour l’association, la production de biomasse a été de 5 449±1 766 kg MS/ha, elle couvre les besoins en matière sèche de 9,69±3,14 UBT pendant 90 jours. La marge brute de la culture pure de M. pruriens est de 786 060±298 140 FCFA/ha. Pour l’association, elle est de 850 917±36 1887 FCFA/ha. La culture de M. pruriens favorise l’intégration agriculture-élevage tout en améliorant l’alimentation des animaux et les revenus des producteurs.
Mots clés: Exploitation agricole, date de semis, Cultures fourragères, M. pruriens, zone cotonnière.
English Title: Production of Mucuna pruriens fodder for animal feed and its gross margin in the cotton-growing zone of Mali
In Mali's cotton-growing zone, there is a large deficit in animal feed. To improve the availability of fodder resources, research in partnership with producers has introduced the cultivation of Mucuna pruriens into the farming environment. This study aims ed at evaluat’hg the performance of M. pruriens in the production of fodder for animals. The trials were conducted by 25 producers in 5 sites during the 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 crop years. The trials were divided into two test plots: pure culture of M. pruriens and M. pruriens/corn combination. The average biomass production of pure M. pruriens over the 3 cropping seasons was 4363±1,491kg MS/ha. This production covers the dry matter requirement of 7.76±2.65 Btu for 90 days. For the association, the biomass production was 5449±1,766 kg DM/ha, covering the dry matter requirement of 9.69±3.14 Btu for 90 days. The gross margin of the pure culture of M. pruriens is 786 060±298 140 FCFA/ha. For the association, it is 850 917±36 1887 FCFA/ha. The cultivation of M. pruriens promotes the integration of agriculture and livestock while improving animal nutrition and the income of producers.
Keywords: Farm, sowing date, fodder crops, M. pruriens, cotton are
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Szűcs, István, László Váradi, and Emese Békefi. "Coherence and connection between the good pond culture practice and the environment conscious management." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 25 (April 11, 2007): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/25/3038.
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According to the data indicating the decline and restructuring during the past decade, as well as the trend in the European Union member states, it can be expected that the role of traditional agriculture and fish production in direct rural employment decrease further. This also values those strategic directions for restructuring that will lead fishculture from quantity driven to quality production along with sustainable development (i.e. environmental conscious production) and multifunctional farming. This way the economic and social tensions caused by the concentration of the production and labour output can be mitigated.It is laid in the 1257/1999 Act on rural Development that farmers that enrol the agri-environmental scheme should follow the “Good Agricultural Practice” on the whole managed area. In case of agri-environmental schemes this is a precondition for which no grants are given.The adaptation of “Good Agricultural Practice” in fishproduction,where it is called: “Good Pond Culture Practice” is considered important on the basis of the above mentioned. This programme is undertaken in co-operation with the Research Institute for Aquaculture, Fisheries and Irrigation, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development and the Association of Hungarian Fish Farmers and Product Council.The European Commission proposed the formulation of the European Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EFAF) for the period 2007-20013, which will replace the Financial Instruments for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG), but it also consists of several new elements and will be working differently, too. According to the proposal the budget for the Fund will be nearly 5 billion EUR (4963 million EUR). The development level of aquaculture and fisheries and the social and economic significance in the given member state will be considered when distributing the Fund between the Member States.According to the plan the Fund is organised along five priority axes, of which the most important for the Hungarian fisheries sector is No. II: Aquaculture and the processing and marketing of aquaculture and fisheries products. The main measure areas are the followings:1. investment support for aquaculture;2. support for aquatic-environmental schemes;3. environmental- and animal health issues;4. investments in processing and marketingIn case of accessing support under measure area No. 2 farms are obliged to meet the requirements of the scheme beyond the “good management practice” for 5 years, which is to be supervised by the approved body of the Member State. For this reason our work is considered to be substantial.Approval of the application of “Good Pond Culture Practice” is based on two elements: first the prevailing environmental and nature conservation regulations, as well as the list of controllable conditions in the new agri-environmental agreements are to be met. “Good Pond Culture Practice” are to be conducted on the whole farm area. Its main elements are:- nutrition management,- feeding,- pond maintenance,- stocking,- harvesting,- animal welfare (storage and over-wintering).
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Dzarnisa, Dzarnisa, and Herawati Latif. "Analisis Komponen Aktif Cita-Rasa Pada Susu Fermentasi Dengan Kromatografi Gas." Jurnal Agripet 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v14i1.1201.
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(Active component analysis of fermented milk flavor by gas chromatography)ABSTRACT. Fermented milk is milk processed product that to be one source of nutritious food for humans. The action of food component such as flavor is accepted, sense of taste and smell generated complex assessment of food flavors in the mouth. The flavor components of fermented milk together and interact with each other when consumed and cause the perception of taste between like or dislike. This is an important factor in developing diversification of fermented milk product so as to attract customers other than in terms of aspects of nutrition and health. Flavor is one of the most important criteria in the acceptance of a food ingredient. During processing and storage flavor change easily. This study used gas chromatography to detect the formation of the active component of the flavor of fermented milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the active components in fermented milk which is the formation of flavor. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Animal Feed Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Chemistry Unsyiah and PAU Food and Nutrition IPB Bogor. This study uses a Likens - Nickerson distillation stage concentrated with Vigreux column and identified by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer. Gas chromatography has identified that the class of acids, alcohols, esters and alkanes group forming an active component in the flavor of fermented milk although relatively varied. In yoghurt, acid found in relatively high amount of alcohol is more varied in its kind. Yogurt with single culture L.bulgaricus has more ketones and aldehydes components. Volatile components were detected mostly in kefir acids, alcohols, esters and alkane derivatives. The curd is dominated by acidic components in addition to alcohol and aldehyde.
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Kelemu, S., S. Niassy, B. Torto, K. Fiaboe, H. Affognon, H. Tonnang, N. K. Maniania, and S. Ekesi. "African edible insects for food and feed: inventory, diversity, commonalities and contribution to food security." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2014.0016.
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This paper reviews entomophagy as practised in Africa within the context of food and nutritional security by providing an inventory of the various species of insects that are consumed on the continent and suggests a research for development (R4D) agenda for sustainable utilisation of insects for food and feed. Our survey showed that over 470 species of insects are eaten in Africa. The Central African region remains the most important hotspot of having a culture of entomophagy. The insects mostly eaten in the continent are dominated by the orders Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera. Commonalities were observed across the majority of the insects consumed across Africa, providing opportunities for related R4D activities. An R4D agenda and pathways for using edible insects suggest that socio-economics and marketing studies should address issues of communities’ perceptions, based on their cultural background, income and beliefs. Cost-effective rearing, harvesting and processing technologies are required to prevent depletion and ecological perturbations while ensuring continuous availability of insect-based products. Indigenous reports assert that some edible insects harbour medicinal properties; thus, the need to undertake nutritional and bioactive chemical characterisation of main edible insects along the value chain and to investigate food safety issues such as diseases, allergies, and toxicological and chemical hazards. The use of insects for waste conversion into animal feed and fertiliser requires judicious choice of substrate in view of concerns regarding contaminant loads and pathogens occurrence. Responding to these research needs and opportunities, icipe has recently established an Insects for Food, Feed and Other Uses Programme with well-defined work packages oriented towards attainment of its Vision and Strategy 2013-2020 document, with a strong orientation towards R4D and a focus on activities that lead to adoption and impact on end users, through broad based complementary linkages and partnerships with agriculture and livestock extension services, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and advanced research institutes, non-governmental organisations and the private sector.
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Putnik-Delić, Marina, Ivana Maksimović, Tijana Zeremski, and Ana Marjanović-Jeromela. "Effects of Heavy Metals on Chemical Composition of Camelina sativa L." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 14, no. 3 (December 13, 2013): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1303377p.
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Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is studied mostly as oil plant that can replace oilseed rape in the extensive agriculture. It is a good source of oil (40% oil in seeds) similar to sunflower, soybeans, canola, castor been and other oil crops. Oil of camelina is rich in essential omega 3 fatty acids. In addition, seed protein content is relatively high. Camelina has modest requirements for agro-ecological conditions and it is highly resistant to pathogens. Those features make camelina suitable for human nutrition and animal feed. Its use is related to sustainable agriculture, bio-diesel industry, cold-pressed oils and the use of so-called marginal land. Examination of its ability to uptake and accumulate heavy metals (HM) is interesting from the standpoint of 1) food safety and 2) potential for phytoremediation. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HM on uptake and accumulation of some essential macro- and micronutrients and unwanted HM. Experiments were done with Camelina sativa L., cultivar Stepski 1. The seeds were exposed to 1 µM Cd or Cu and 10 µM Ni or Zn since the beginning of germination. Plants were grown in water cultures, in semi-controlled conditions of a greenhouse, on ½ strength Hoagland solution to which were added HM in the same concentrations as during germination. Concentrations and distribution of Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe and Mn in roots and shoots were altered in the presence of increased concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn.
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Khan, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Mohd Y. Rafii, Shairul Izan Ramlee, Mashitah Jusoh, and Md Al-Mamun. "Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc): A Crop for the New Millennium, Its Genetic Diversity, and Improvements to Mitigate Future Food and Nutritional Challenges." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 5530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105530.
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The world’s food and agricultural schemes have gradually fallen into an alarming state due to challenges such as high population birth rates, diverse agro-climatic zones, a lack of measures to counter global warming, severe practices of sole-culture cultivation, and asset reduction. A very high dependency on limited staple food crops is associated with repetitious diets, deprivation of food, and shortages of trace minerals, which often causes dietary sicknesses. To ensure nutritious diets worldwide, a real-world and justifiable scheme is provided to garner extra attention towards variation in both agriculture/farming approaches and food habits. The EAT-Lancet statement emphasized an increase in agri-based diets as a way of attaining global generational health. Enlarging neglected crops with plenty of genomic stocks and potentially profitable attributes is a solution that could address food and nutritional security concerns. Bambara groundnut is one such imperative and neglected legume crop that contributes positively to improving global food and nutrient safety. As a “complete food”, this crop has recently been treated as a new millennium crop, and furthermore, it is more adjusted to poor soil and climatic conditions than other dominant crops. Bambara groundnut is a repository of vital nutrients that provides carbohydrates, crucial amino acids, proteins, and energy as well as minerals and vitamins to developed and low-income countries where animal proteins are not readily available. This review explores the potential of Bambara groundnut in ensuring food and nutrient security; its variables, production, processing, nutrient values, role in reducing the nutritional gap, and diverse uses; and attempts in improving its traits. To strengthen food production, an agricultural revolution is required for underutilized crop species to feed the ever-expanding population in the world. Henceforth, advanced plant-breeding procedures, such as next-generation breeding techniques, various molecular tools, TILLING, Eco-TILLING, proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics (which has been used for major crops), also need to be practiced to intensify production. To boost productivity and to feed the most starved and malnourished populations of the world, it is assumed that the application of modern techniques will play a vital role in the advancement of the underutilized Bambara groundnut.
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Alves Júnior, José, Adriano Da Silva Lopes, Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez, Ronaldo Antonio dos Santos, and Antonio Fernando Bergamaschine. "PRODUÇÃO DE MATÉRIA VERDE EM PUPUNHEIRA IRRIGADA." IRRIGA 10, no. 4 (December 22, 2005): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2005v10n4p365-372.
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PRODUÇÃO DE MATÉRIA VERDE EM PUPUNHEIRA IRRIGADA José Alves Júnior1; Adriano da Silva Lopes2; Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez3; Ronaldo Antonio dos Santos1; Antonio Fernando Bergamaschine41Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, jalves@esalq.usp.br2Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS3Departamento de Fitossanidade, Engenharia Rural e Solos, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Ilha Solteira, SP4Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Ilha Solteira, SP 1 RESUMO A cultura da pupunha, além de cultivada principalmente para a produção de palmito, também produz matéria verde que pode ser utilizada na alimentação animal, reduzindo assim os custos de produção. Estes resíduos, oriundos do processamento do palmito, são constituídos por folhas, bainhas e partes do estipe, podendo ser fornecido na forma de feno ou silagem aos animais. Todavia, a exploração economicamente viável desta palmeira no noroeste paulista somente é possível com o uso de irrigação. Por conseguinte, estudos foram realizados com o objetivo de se identificar a lâmina de irrigação para a cultura, quantificando seus efeitos na produção deste subproduto da produção de palmito. Para tanto, o experimento contou com 6 tratamentos compostos por lâminas de irrigação, cada um com 4 repetições, onde as lâminas aplicadas variaram desde sem irrigação até reposição de 150% da evaporação do Tanque Classe A (ECA). Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicaram que a reposição de 75% da ECA no primeiro ano de produção resultou na melhor lâmina, enquanto que no segundo, a melhor foi obtida repondo-se 100% da ECA, com uma produtividade respectivamente de 74,55 e 114,94 toneladas de resíduos por hectare, demonstrando o grande potencial da cultura para produzir matéria verde, sob manejo adequado da irrigação. UNITERMOS: nutrição animal; manejo da irrigação; Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. ALVES JUNIOR, J.; LOPES, A. da. S.; HERNANDEZ, F. B. T.; SANTOS, R. A. dos.; BERGAMASCHINE, A. F.; GREEN MATTER PRODUCTION IN IRRIGATED PEJIBAYE 2 ABSTRACT Pejibaye, besides being cultivated mainly to palm heart production, also produces green matter that can be used in animal feeding, lowers production costs. These by-products, originated from the palm heart processing consisted of leaves, hems and plant parts and could be used as hay or silage to animals. However, the economically viable exploration of this palm tree in the northwest of São Paulo is only possible with the use of irrigation. Consequently, studies were carried out to identify the best irrigation level to culture, quantifying their effects on this palm heart by-product production. Therefore, the experiment had 6 irrigation level treatments, each one with 4 replications, in which the applied levels varied from without irrigation to 150% evaporation replacement of a Class A Pan (ECA). The results obtained in this work indicated that the replacement of 75% of ECA in the first year of production resulted in the best level, while in the second one, the best level was obtained from 100% of ECA, a respective productivity of 74.55 and 114.94 tons of residues per hectare, showing the great potential of the culture to produce green matter, under appropriate irrigation management. KEYWORDS: animal nutrition, irrigation management, Bactris gasipaes, H.B.K.
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Vasconcellos, Ana Claudia Santiago de, Gustavo Hallwass, Jaqueline Gato Bezerra, Angélico Nonato Serrão Aciole, Heloisa Nascimento de Moura Meneses, Marcelo de Oliveira Lima, Iracina Maura de Jesus, Sandra de Souza Hacon, and Paulo Cesar Basta. "Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure from Fish Consumption in Munduruku Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 7940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157940.
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Fish serves as the principal source of animal protein for the indigenous people of the Amazon, ensuring their food and nutritional security. However, gold mining causes mercury (Hg) contamination in fish, and consequently increases health risks associated with fish consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the health risk attributed to the consumption of mercury-contaminated fish by Munduruku indigenous communities in the Middle-Tapajós Region. Different fish species were collected in the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Land to determine mercury levels. The health risk assessment was carried out according to the World Health Organization (WHO 2008) methodology and different scenarios were built for counterfactual analysis. Eighty-eight fish specimens from 17 species and four trophic levels were analyzed. Estimates of Hg ingestion indicated that the methylmercury daily intake exceeds the U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2000) reference dose from 3 to 25-fold, and up to 11 times the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)/WHO (2003) dose recommendation. In all situations analyzed, the risk ratio estimates were above 1.0, meaning that the investigated Munduruku communities are at serious risk of harm as a result of ingestion of mercury-contaminated fish. These results indicate that, at present, fish consumption is not safe for this Munduruku population. This hazardous situation threatens the survival of this indigenous population, their food security, and their culture.
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& et al., Mardiana. "COMBINATION OF SAWDUST, “FILTER CAKE” AND CALCIUM CARBONATE AS GROWTH MEDIUM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS)." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i3.1365.
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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of combining sawdust (SD), filter cake (FC) and calcium carbonate as growth medium for the production of white oyster mushroom. Isolate F2 oyster mushroom was cultured on malt extract agar (MEA) and used in the experiment. The culture medium consisted of two treatments: first, A treatment: combined medium (A0=100% SD; A1=100% FC; A2=70% FC and 30% SD; A3=50% FC and 50% SD; A4=30% FC and 70% SD) and second, K treatment: addition of calcium carbonate (K1=2%; K2=3%; K3=4%; K4=5% weight of medium). A Randomized design was used to analyze certain parameters, such as mycelial growth, presence of fruiting body, the number of fruiting bodies and the fresh weight of fruiting body at harvest. The results showed that the highest mycelial growth and fruiting body formation occurred on A0 treatment. However, a high number of fruiting bodies and a high fresh weight of fruiting body at harvest were obtained on A4 treatment. Interaction between the combined medium (A) and addition of calcium carbonate (K) showed that the highest mycelial growth occurred on A0K2 treatment 30 days after incubation. The composition of A4 treatment (30% FC and 70% SD) was found to be the optimal medium for the production of fruiting body. This finding shows that FC with additional nutrition could as a substitute of SD medium for cultivating white oyster mushroom.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal Culture and Nutrition Agriculture"
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Delgado-Elorduy, Agustin 1965. "Splanchnic and mammary nitrogen metabolism by dairy cows fed differently-processed sorghum and corn grain." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282499.
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Objectives were to determine net uptake or release of α-amino N (AAN), ammonia N (NH₃N) and urea N (UN) across portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver, splanchnic (PDV + liver) and mammary tissues of lactating cows fed differently processed sorghum or corn. Cows were fitted with catheters in blood vessels (artery and portal, hepatic and mammary vein), and received in a switchback design TMR containing 40% dry-rolled (DR; 643 g/L or 50 lb/bu) or steam-flaked (SF; 360 g/L or 28 lb/bu) sorghum (Exp. 1), and steam-rolled (SR; 489 g/L or 38 lb/bu) or SF corn (Exp. 2). Neither daily intake of DM and nutrients nor milk yield and efficiency of milk production were altered by feeding processed sorghum or corn. Milk fat yield was lowered (P=.03) by SF vs. DR sorghum; SF vs SR of corn tended to increase (P=.07) concentration but not yield of milk protein. Blood flows in portal (1988 ± 109 L/h) and hepatic vein (2368 ± 215 L/h) were not altered by diets. Steam-flaked vs. DR sorghum tended (P=.18) to increase UN cycling (162 vs. 95 g/d), and reduced (P≤.09) absorption of AAN (223 vs. 269 g/d) and NH3N (257 vs. 318 g/d) by PDV. Flaking vs. rolling of sorghum increased (P≤.07) estimated uptake (83 vs. 67 g/d) and extraction ratio (14.5 vs. 11.1%) of AAN by mammary tissues. Net uptake and release of AAN and NH3N across splanchnic tissues of cows were not altered by corn processing; however, SF vs. SR corn increased (P=.08) UN cycling to PDV by 143% (212 vs. 87 g/d). Steam-flaked vs SR corn increased (P≤.02) estimated uptake (88 vs. 61 g/d) and extraction ratio (14.7 vs. 11.0%) of AAN by mammary tissues. It is concluded that feeding of steam-flaked sorghum or corn compared to dry-rolled sorghum or steam-rolled corn improves N utilization of dairy cows by increasing urea transfer to the gut and uptake of amino acid by the mammary gland.
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Bloomberg, Brooke. "Considerations for Kansas State University’s College of Agriculture obtaining AAALAC accreditation." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4754.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology
Lisa C. Freeman
Kansas State University uses a variety of animals to fulfill the University’s research and teaching mission. K-State maintains a single Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to oversee the use of all vertebrate animals used in research and teaching at K-State. K-State’s program is AAALAC accredited. The Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International (AAALAC) is a non-profit organization with the mission to promote the humane care of animals used in research and teaching. AAALAC is a private member association that evaluates and accredits member organizations by utilizing a peer review process. Accreditation signifies that an animal care and use program goes beyond meeting minimum standards required by law and strives for excellence to better meet the needs of the animals in their care. However, K-State’s accreditation is university-limited, meaning not all colleges that use animals for research and teaching are accredited. The College of Agriculture is not included in the accreditation even though it supports 15 animal facilities within the Department of Animal Science & Industry (AS&I) and 2 facilities located at Agricultural Experiment Stations (AES). Species housed in these facilities include; cattle, horses, swine, sheep, goats, and poultry. AAALAC reports that accreditation of agricultural animal programs lags behind other animal research and teaching programs. This may be due to multiple factors such as; minimal research funding sources require institutions to be accredited, minimal funding to make necessary facility upgrades, and a lack of conviction of how accreditation may benefit an agricultural animal program. This paper begins to discuss the scope of the program, identify common deficiencies, and provide suggestions for program improvement. As public pressure increases to improve care of animals in research and agricultural settings, it would benefit K-State to accredit all the institution’s animal facilities. The IACUC is a key player in this effort but support from K-State institutional leadership and the College of Agriculture is paramount. Those at K-State know the importance of the care we provide the animals in our facilities, but obtaining AAALAC accreditation will show our peers, supporting institutions, and our students that we strive for excellence in care of all our animals.
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Cagle, Michael Scott. "Identifying adopters of best management practices within Mississippi beef producers and the reasons for non-adoption." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618196.
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The goal of the Mississippi State University Extension Service (MSU-ES) is to improve the quality of life for all Mississippians. One specific group that agricultural change agents work with at the county level is beef producers. Grazing lands have received much attention over the last few years regarding environmental concerns and Best Management Practices (BMPs) for beef cattle operations.
The adoption of these practices was voluntary during the time this study was conducted, however; adoption was highly encouraged by the MSU-ES and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). By knowing the level of adoption of BMPs that Mississippi beef producers have implemented, change agents can more effectively plan educational programming efforts for producers to better understand the importance of BMP adoption.
The purpose of this study was to describe the adopter categories of Mississippi beef producers as determined by Rogers (2003) adopter characteristics generalizations based on their (1) socioeconomic status, (2) personality values and communication behavior, and (3) opinions. It also examined the correlations between the adopter categories to predict the level of the three BMPs being studied.
The adopter categories were innovator, early adopter, early majority, late majority, and laggard. The three BMPs that were the focus of the study were rotation grazing, riparian buffers, and pasture renovation.
The results of the study indicated that Mississippi beef producers could be correctly identified in the adopter categories. By identifying the adopter categories of the Mississippi beef producers and then examining the correlations among the variables, prediction of BMP adoption of rotational grazing and riparian buffers was possible.
The relationships between MSU-ES agents and their programming efforts, as well as the relationships between NRCS district conservationist and their programs, were studied. Non-adoption, though not an adopter category, was also examined and the reasons for it were cited.
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Obi, Chinwendu Nkechi. "Evaluation of feeding varying levels of digestible lysine on broiler breeder male reproductive characteristics and body weight changes." Mississippi State University, 2013.
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Hassanat, Fadi. "Evaluation of pearl millet forage." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18698.
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This research evaluated millet as forage source for ruminants. Four studies were conducted using two cultivars of forage millet [i.e. brown midrib (BM) and regular (RM)]. The first investigated the effect of seeding rate on yield, chemical composition and in vitro degradability of the two forage millet cultivars. Yield of RM was 56% more than BM due to taller plants and more tillers m-2. A 25% increase in yield as seeding rate increased from 5 to 10 or from 10 to 15 kg ha-1 was observed for two millet cultivars. Brown midrib millet contained 15% more CP, and 4, 13 and 31% less NDF, ADF and ADL than RM cultivar. In vitro DM digestibility was 10% higher in BM due to differences in chemical composition. The second study determined the effect of stage of development at harvest [i.e. vegetative (VS) and heading stage (HS)] on the two millet cultivars yield and cell wall composition in leaves and stems. Yield of BM was lower than that of RM at both stages of development. Concentrations of NDF, ADF and ADL were reduced in BM stems by 8, 16, and 58%, respectively, compared to RM stems. Leaves ADF and ADL concentrations were 6 and 49% less in BM than RM. Increase in fibre fractions with advancing stage of development was most pronounced in RM stems. Brown midrib trait affected cell wall structure of BM leaves and stems by increasing arabinose and xylose proportion as well as concentrations of ester- linked p-coumaric acid and ether-linked ferulic acids. Cell wall content of arabinose, xylose and glucose in leaves and stems, and phenolics in stems was higher at VS than at HS. This effect was more pronounced for stems of RM than BM. In situ DM and NDF disappearances were higher in leaves and stems of BM than RM and were higher in leaves and stems of millet harvested at VS than at HS. Lignin concentration had negative linear impact on in situ DM and NDF degradability. Ensilability of forage millet as affected by cultivar and stage of development at harvest was investigatedCette recherche constitue a évalue millet comme une source de fourrage pour les ruminants. Quatre études ont été effectuées en utilisant deux variétés de millet [par exemple midrib brun (BM) et régulier (RM)]. La première étude constituait une évaluation de l'effet de la vitesse de semer les graines de millet sur le rendement, la composition chimique et la degradabilité in vitro des deux variétés de millet. Le rendement de RM était 56% plus haut en comparaison de BM en raison des plus grandes plantes et plus de feuillage par m-2. Le midrib brun de millet contenait 15% plus de CP, et 4, 13 et 31% moins de NDF, ADF et ADL que la variété RM. La digestibilité in vitro de DM était 10% plus haut chez BM en raison de ces différences. La deuxième étude avait pour objectif de déterminer l'effet du niveau de développement à la moisson [par exemple végétal (VS) et niveau d'en-tête (HS)] sur le rendement des deux variétés de millet et la composition de membrane cellulaire dans les feuilles et les tiges. Le rendement de BM était plus bas en comparaison de RM aux deux niveaux de développement. Les concentrations de NDF, ADF et ADL ont été réduits dans les tiges de BM par 8, 16, et 58%, respectivement, en comparaison des tiges de RM. Les concentrations de ADF et ADL dans les feuilles étaient 6 et 49% moins dans BM que RM. Les contenus des différentes fibres ont augmenté avec le niveau de développement, mais l'augmentation été plus prononcée dans les tiges de RM. Le millet brun a eu un effet sur les membranes cellulaires des feuilles et tiges de BM en augmentant la concentration d'arabinose et xylose ainsi que les concentrations d'ester- acides de p-coumaric et d'ester- acides de ferulic. Les contenus d'arabinose, xylose et le glucose dans les membranes cellulaires chez les feuilles et les tiges, et de phenolics dans les tiges était plus haut à VS qu'à HS. Cet effet été plus prononcé pour les tiges de RM que BM. In situ DM et NDF
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Chong, Katherine. "Evaluation of a probiotic (Levucell SB®) and a prebiotic (AgriMOS®) on performance, health and fecal microflora of veal calves." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67035.
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Probiotics and prebiotics have been used in many areas of animal husbandry for their beneficial effects on health and productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of a yeast probiotic and prebiotic on health, growth performance and fecal microflora of veal calves. Sixty-eight Holstein calves were fed for 8 weeks a control diet or diets in which a probiotic (Levucell SB®; 0.5g/d) or a prebiotic (AgriMOS®, a manno-oligosaccharide; 3g/d) was added to the milk replacer (MR). The only significant effect of the additives on calf performance was on MR intake; calves fed Levucell SB® (SB) consumed more (P<0.05) MR than those fed AgriMOS®. To assess the effect on the gut flora, fecal samples were collected on d0, 7, 13, 28, 41 and 57. On days7 and 28 the fecal population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was greater (P<0.05) with SB than with AgriMOS; however the average effect of the additives on fecal LAB was no different (P>0.05) in comparison with control. Animals fed the additives showed a reduction in E. coli over time, whereas E. coli counts in the control group remained static. Clostridial numbers were also reduced in the SB group. Results of PCR-TTGE on DNA extracted from feces revealed that fecal microbial population associated with SB was significant different from that associated with AgriMOS or control groups. Despite housing, environmental and management conditions which comprised calf health, neither a probiotic nor a prebiotic proved beneficial in veal production.Les probiotiques et les prébiotiques sont utilisés dans l'élevage d'une variété de cheptels pour leurs effets bénéfiques sur la santé et la productivité des animaux. Le but de cette recherche était d'évaluer l'impact d'une levure probiotique et d'un prébiotique sur le taux de croissance, la santé et la microflore fécale de veaux de boucherie. Soixante-huit veaux Holstein ont été nourris, lors d'une étude menée sur une période de 8 semaines, de succédané de lait (SL) constitué soit d'un régime témoin (ne contenant aucun additif), soit d'un régime contenant le probiotique (Levucell SB®, 0.5g/j) ou d'un régime contenant le prébiotique (AgriMOS, un manno-oligosaccharides 3g/j). Le seul effet significatif des additifs sur la performance des veaux a été retrouvé sur la consommation du SL; les veaux nourris avec le Levucell SB® (SB) ayant consommé plus (p<0.05) de SL que ceux nourris avec AgriMOS®. Pour évaluer les effets des additifs sur la flore intestinale, des échantillons fécaux ont été recueillis aux jours 0, 7, 13, 28, 41 et 57. Aux jours 7 et 28, la population fécale de bactéries lactiques (BL) était supérieure (p<0.05) avec SB qu'avec AgriMOS; cependant l'eff et moyen des additifs sur les BL fécales n'était pas significatif (p>0.05) lorsque comparé avec le groupe témoin. Une réduction de la population de E.coli été notée pour la durée de l'étude chez les animaux nourris des additifs alors que sa population est restée stationnaire dans le groupe témoin. La numération de Clostridium a aussi été retrouvée diminuée dans le groupe nourris avec le SB. Les résultats obtenus à l'aide de la technique PCR-TTGE sur l'ADN extrait d'échantillons fécaux ont montré un effet significatif de l'additif SB sur la flore microbienne lorsque comparé aux groupes témoins et nourris avec AgriMOS (p<0.05). Lorsque de saines pra
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Baurhoo, Bushansingh. "Reduction of salmonella-induced enteric and systemic inflammation by mannan-oligosaccharide prebiotic through improvement of innate defense mechanism." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106385.
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Salmonella Enteritidis has become a major burden in human health due to emergence of multiple-antibiotic resistant strains that has made antibiotic treatment difficult. Today, there is urgency to develop efficacious alternatives to the utilization of sub-therapeutic antibiotics in poultry. We, therefore, hypothesized that, in contrast to sub-therapeutic antibiotics, mannose-rich oligosaccharides (MOS), a natural prebiotic, would improve intestinal innate defense mechanisms in healthy and Salmonella-infected chickens, and abrogate S. Enteritidis invasion of intestinal epithelium, thus mitigating Salmonella-induced intestinal and systemic inflammation. In contrast to virginiamycin (VIRG) and bacitracin (BACT) antibiotics, dietary MOS (0.2%) significantly improved intestinal innate defensive mechanisms in chickens raised under good sanitary conditions, as demonstrated by increased development of mucin-secreting goblet cells that ultimately secretes higher amounts of mucins, and microflora enrichment with beneficial bacteria, especially bifidobacteria. Moreover, MOS was equally effective as VIRG and BACT in the control of intestinal E. coli. But, at higher (0.5%) than the recommended (0.2%) dosage, MOS conferred no additional intestinal health benefits. To examine whether MOS may control S. Enteritidis through improvement of host's innate defense mechanisms, young chicks were deliberately infected with S. Enteritidis. Interestingly, whereas control (CTL) chicks suffered from drowsiness, diarrhea, starvation, exfoliation of epithelial cells and damaged villi integrity, such classic signs of Salmonella-induced enteric inflammation were abrogated by MOS and VIRG. However, IL 12 down-regulation by MOS revealed that MOS terminated S. Enteritidis-induced enteric inflammation earlier than VIRG. Whereas VIRG relied mostly on its bactericidal properties, MOS significantly improved host's mucins-mediated defense mechanism against S. Enteritidis. MOS increased secretions of neutral and acidic mucins through increased numbers of neutral and acidic goblet cells, rather than increased mucins-secreting capacity of goblet cells, as indicated by non-differential MUC 2 expressions between infected chicks fed VIRG and MOS. MUC 1 down-regulation by MOS indicated that MOS more significantly reduced S. Enteritidis damage of epithelial cells than VIRG. Evidently, intestinal villi were longer and healthier in S. Enteritidis-infected chicks fed MOS than VIRG. S. Enteritidis invasion of the intestinal epithelium triggers extra-intestinal infections and systemic inflammation. A Salmonella LPS-induced systemic inflammation chicken model and microarray analysis approach was employed to determine whether MOS, in contrast to VIRG, may potentially mitigate systemic inflammation, and reduce glucose mobilization during late systemic inflammation. MOS inherently induced IL 3 expression in non-challenged control hosts. However, consequent to LPS challenge, IL 3 was induced in VIRG hosts but not differentially expressed in MOS hosts, therefore revealing that MOS counteracted LPS's detrimental inflammatory effects. Indeed, the lower energy demands of LPS-challenged birds fed MOS were sufficiently met through TCA citrate-derived energy, as indicated by ATP citrate synthase (CS) up-regulation. Contrastingly, VIRG host's elevated energy requirements increased gene expressions for intestinal gluconeogenesis (PEPCK) and liver glycolysis (ENO2). In conclusion, this study revealed the mechanisms by which MOS, in contrast to VIRG, i) enhanced host's intestinal innate defense mechanisms against Salmonella; ii) terminated Salmonella-induced intestinal and systemic inflammation earlier; iii) and modulated innate immunity to markedly reduce glucose mobilization during late systemic inflammation. Therefore, MOS represents a biological strategy that can prevent or treat S. Enteritidis infections in poultry and humans, without posing the risk of developing antibiotic-resistance.Le développement des souches de S. Enteritidis résistantes aux antibiotiques compromet le traitement de la salmonellose avec des antibiotiques thérapeutiques dans la santé humaine. Donc, il y a urgence de développer des remplaçants efficaces aux antibiotiques de croissance chez la volaille. Notre hypothèse était que contrairement aux antibiotiques sous-thérapeutiques, l'utilisation d'oligosaccharides riches en mannose (MOS), un prébiotique naturel, améliorerait les mécanismes de défense intestinale innés chez les poulets sains et infectés par la Salmonelle, prévenant ainsi l'invasion de l'épithélium intestinal par S. Enteritidis et atténuant de ce fait l'inflammation intestinale et systémique induite par la Salmonelle. Contrairement aux antibiotiques tels que la virginiamycine (VIRG) et la bacitracine (BACT), le MOS (0.2%) a amélioré les mécanismes de défense intestinale innés chez les poulets, tel que démontré par la prolifération des cellules à gobelet sécrétant ainsi plus de mucines, et l'enrichissement de la flore microbienne avec des bactéries bénéfiques, particulièrement bifidobacteria. Le MOS était aussi efficace que la VIRG et BACT dans le contrôle intestinal d'E. coli. Mais, à une dose plus élevée (0.5%) que le dosage recommandé (0.2%), le MOS n'a démontré aucun bénéfice additionnel dans la santé intestinale. Afin d'examiner si le MOS pourrait mieux contrôler le S. Enteritidis intestinale tout en améliorant les mécanismes de défense innés, des poussins ont été infectés avec S. Enteritidis. Les poussins infectés alimentés avec la diète témoin ont souffert de somnolence, diarrhée, perte d'appétit, exfoliation des cellules épithéliales et endommagement des villosités, tandis que ces symptômes ont été abrogés par le MOS et la VIRG. Cependant, une réduction dans l'expression de IL 12 par le MOS relatif à la VIRG démontra que le MOS termina l'inflammation induite par S. Enteritidis plus tôt. Le MOS augmenta la sécrétion des mucines neutres et acides en augmentant les nombres de cellules à gobelet neutres et acides plutôt que par une sécrétion accrue de mucines par chaque cellule à gobelet; l'expression de MUC 2 était inchangé entre les poussins infectés et alimentés avec la VIRG ou MOS. En revanche une diminution dans l'expression du MUC 1 induite par le MOS indiqua que le MOS a réduit les dommages des cellules épithéliales causés par S. Enteritidis. Les villosités intestinales étaient plus longues et saines chez les poussins infectés et alimentés avec le MOS que la VIRG. L'invasion de l'épithélium intestinal par S. Enteritidis cause l'inflammation systémique. Pour déterminer si le MOS, contrairement à la VIRG, pourrait atténuer l'inflammation systémique et réduire la mobilisation de glucose pendant la phase avancée de l'inflammation, nous avons utilisé un modèle d'inflammation systémique et des analyses de microréseaux d'ADN. Le MOS induit l'expression d'IL 3 chez les poulets non soumis au LPS. Mais, suite à l'injection de LPS, l'expression d'IL 3 a été augmentée chez les poulets alimentés avec la VIRG que le MOS, indiquant que le MOS a aboli les effets inflammatoires du LPS. En effet, une augmentation dans l'expression de l'ATP citrate de synthase (CS) indiqua que les demandes énergétiques inférieures des poulets injectés avec du LPS et alimentés avec le MOS ont été suffisamment satisfaites par l'énergie dérivée par le cycle de l'acide citrique. Par contre, les besoins énergétiques plus élevés chez les poulets alimentés avec la VIRG ont entrainé une augmentation de l'expression des gènes de la néoglucogenèse intestinale (PEPCK) et de la glycolyse du foie (ENO2). En conclusion, cette étude a démontré les mécanismes par lesquels le MOS, contrairement à la VIRG, i) a augmenté les mécanismes de défense intestinaux innés contre la Salmonelle; ii) a mis fin à l'inflammation intestinale et systémique causée par la salmonelle plus tôt; iii) et a réduit la mobilisation du glucose pendant une phase avancée dans l'inflammation.
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Neveu, Carolane. "Effects of feeding extruded flaxseed on the performance of dairy cows." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110550.
Full textAbstract:
Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of feeding extruded flaxseed with different sources of grain (corn, barley) or different forage: concentrate ratios (60:40 vs. 40:60) on the performance of dairy cows and milk fatty acid profile. The first study showed that DM, CP and NDF intakes were greater for flaxseed-supplemented diets than for no flaxseed diets. Intake of NDF was greater for barley diets than corn diets. Cows fed a flaxseed supplement had greater 4% fat corrected milk and solid corrected milk those fed diets without supplement. Feeding diets supplemented with flaxseed increased the concentrations polyunsaturated fatty acids. The second study showed that NDF intake was greater for the high forage than the low forage diets. Milk fat and total solids concentrations were lower while milk protein and lactose concentrations were greater for the low forage than the high forage diets. Milk polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by feeding high forage diets or extruded flaxseed supplementation. In both studies extruded flaxseed supplementation increased milk fat α-linolenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid. In conclusion, flaxseed supplementation had a significant impact on milk fatty acid profile.Deux projets de recherche ont été conduits pour déterminer les effets du lin extrudé dans des rations avec différentes source de grain (maïs et orge) ou différents ratios fourrage : concentré (60 :40 vs. 40 :60) sur la performance de vaches laitières et le profil d'acides gras du lait. La première étude a démontré que la consommation de matière sèche, protéine brute et fibre NDF était plus grande lorsque les rations étaient supplémentées en lin extrudé. La consommation de fibre NDF était également plus grande pour les rations à base d'orge comparé au maïs. Le gras corrigé du lait à 4% ainsi que le rendement en solides du lait corrigé étaient plus élevés pour les vaches recevant du lin extrudé. Les rations incluant le lin extrudé ont également augmenté la concentration en acides gras polyinsaturés. La deuxième étude a démontré que la consommation de fibre NDF était plus grande pour les rations hautes en fourrage que les rations basses en fourrage. La concentration en gras du lait et les solides totaux furent plus bas alors que la concentration de protéine et lactose augmentèrent lorsque les vaches étaient soignées avec les rations basses en fourrages comparativement aux rations hautes en fourrage. La concentration en acides gras polyinsaturés augmenta pour les rations hautes en fourrage et celles incluant du lin extrudé. Dans les deux études, la supplémentation des rations avec du lin extrudé a augmenté la concentration en acide gras α-linolénique et acide gras linoléique conjugué. Pour conclure, l'utilisation de lin extrudé dans le régime des vaches laitières a eu un impact significatif sur le profil d'acide gras du lait.
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Vargas, Bello Pérez Einar. "Performance of dairy cows fed soybean silage." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18417.
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PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS FED SOYBEAN SILAGE The objective of this research was to determine the feeding values of forage soybean (cv. Kodiak, full pod stage) silage to lactating dairy cows. Two diets with a 50:50 forage:concentrate ratio were formulated to meet nutrient requirements of dairy cows in early lactation. Soybean silage (SS) or a fourth cut alfalfa silage (AS) comprised 72% of the forage in each diet, with corn silage comprising the remaining 28%. Twenty Holsteins cows in early lactation were used in a Switchback design to determine the effects of dietary treatments on milk yield and milk composition. Four lactating cows fitted with ruminal cannulae were used in a Switchback design to determine effects of dietary treatments on ruminal fermentation and total tract nutrient digestibilities. Cows fed SS consumed less (P < 0.05) feed and produced less (P < 0.05) milk than cows fed AS. However, energy-corrected milk and milk efficiency were similar for both dietary treatments. Milk fat percentage and milk urea nitrogen were higher (P < 0.05) in milk of cows fed SS than in milk of cows fed AS. However, milk protein and lactose concentrations were similar for both dietary treatments. Ruminal pH and NH3 N were lower (P < 0.05) in cows fed AS than in cows fed SS. However, total and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids were not influenced by dietary treatments. Total tract digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and GE were similar for dietary treatments. Results of the present study revealed the potential of forage soybean silage as a forage source of dairy cows. More research is needed to determine the optimum stage of development at harvest to improve the nutritive value of soybean silage for dairy cows.ÉVALUATION DE LA PERFORMANCE DE VACHES LAITIÈRES ALIMENTÉES AVEC DE L'ENSILAGE DU SOYA Le but de cette recherche était de déterminer la valeur nutritive de l'ensilage de soya (cv. Kodiak, Gousses remplies) lorsque servit à des vaches laitières en lactation. Deux diètes avec un ratio fourrage : concentré 50 : 50 ont été formulées afin de rencontrer les besoins nutritifs de vaches laitières en début de lactation. De l'ensilage de soya (ES) ou de l'ensilage de quatrième coupe de luzerne (EL) représentait 72% du fourrage dans chacune de ces diètes, alors que le 28% résiduel était comblé par de l'ensilage de mais. Vingt vaches de race Holstein en début de lactation ont été utilisées sous un plan de permutation de traitements afin de déterminer les effets des deux différentes diètes sur la production et la composition du lait. Toujours à l'aide d'un plan de permutation de traitements, quatre vaches munies d'une fistule ruminale permanente ont été utilisées afin de déterminer les effets des deux différentes diètes sur la fermentation ruminale et la digestibilité totale des nutriments. Les vaches recevant une diète ES avaient une consommation volontaire moindre (P < 0.05) et produisaient moins de lait (P < 0.05) que celles recevant une diète EL. Toutefois, les valeurs du lait corrigé et d'efficacité laitière étaient comparables pour les deux diètes. Le pourcentage de gras du lait et l'urée du lait des vaches recevant une diète ES étaient plus élevés (P < 0.05) que ceux des vaches recevant une diète EL. Toutefois, les pourcentages de protéine et de lactose du lait étaient similaires pour les deux diètes. Le pH et le NH3 N au niveau du rumen étaient plus bas (P < 0.05) pour les vaches recevant une diète EL que celles recevant une diète ES. Le type de diète n'a pas eu d'influence sur les proportions totales et molaires des acides gras volatils. Des valeurs semblables ont été observées en ce qui concerne$
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Ramírez, Mendoza Jessica. "Use of machine-learning and visualization techniques in the evaluation of factors affecting Milk Urea Nitrogen." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18776.
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Studies suggest that milk urea nitrogen is influenced by multiple dietary and non-dietary factors; however most studies continue evaluating those effects independently. Further information is required in order to understand the properties, variations, and applicability of milk-nitrogen fractions by the producers. The objective of this study was to use machine-learning and visualization techniques in the investigation and evaluation of multiple factors altering milk urea nitrogen. Records from the Quebec Dairy Production Centre of Expertise (Valacta) were used in the analyses. After edits, the data consisted of 2,382,043 milk test-day and feeding composition records from Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Jersey cows. Mean milk urea nitrogen varied across breeds (12.13 ± 3.71 mg/dL; 13.52 ± 3.82 mg/dL; 11.1 ± 3.43 mg/dL; and 13.78 ± 3.8 mg/dL in Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Jersey, respectively) and across lactation (milk urea nitrogen concentrations increased with parity number). Decision-trees were generated to determine the attributes associated with milk urea nitrogen levels. Results indicated that the most significant variables altering milk urea nitrogen were milk-fat percentage, dietary crude protein, herd size, and somatic cell count. Milk-fat percentage and dietary crude protein appeared to interact with milk urea nitrogen over the entire lactation. Visualization techniques aided in the identification of changes in feeding practices. During early stages of lactation, producers tended to offer diets with high crude protein content. During medium and late stages of lactation, producers seemed to over-feed their cows, producing an increase in milk urea excretion. Apart from sub-optimal management practices, these results also point to higher feeding costs as well as potential increases in environmental emissions of nitrogen and ammonia.Des recherches indiquent que l'azote d'urée du lait est influencé par des multiples composantes alimentaires et par des autres composantes non alimentaires; toutefois la plupart des recherches continuent á évaluer ces effets indépendamment. D'information additionnel est requis afin de comprendre les propriétés, les variations, et l'applicabilité des fractions azotes d'urée du lait pas les producteurs. L'objectif de cette étude était d'utiliser l'apprentissage automatique et des techniques de visualisation dans l'investigation et l'évaluation des facteurs multiples pouvant altérer l'urée du lait. Des données du Centre d'expertise en production laitière du Québec (Valacta) ont été utilisées pour accomplir ces analyses. Suite à des procédures d'édition, les données se résumaient à un total de 2,382,043 entrées jour de test contenant l'information sur la production laitière et les composantes alimentaires des vaches de race Ayrshire, Suisse Brune, Holstein, et Jersey. La moyenne de l'urée du lait variait à travers les races (12.13 ± 3.71 mg/dL; 13.52 ± 3.82 mg/dL; 11.1 ± 3.43 mg/dL et 13.78 ± 3.8 mg/dL pour les Ayrshire, Suisse Brune, Holstein, et Jersey respectivement) et aussi selon la parité (les concentrations d'urée du lait augmentaient avec la parité). Des arbres de décision ont été réalisés pour déterminer les attributs associés aux niveaux d'urée du lait. Les résultats ont démontrés que les variables les plus significatives pouvant altérer l'urée du lait étaient le pourcentage de gras du lait, la protéine brute alimentaire, la taille du troupeau et les comptage leucocytaire. Le pourcentage de gras du lait et la protéine brute alimentaire semblaient interagir avec l'urée du lait sur l'ensemble de la lactation. Les techniques de visualisation ont aidés dans l'identification des changements au niveau de l'alimentation. En début de lactation, les producteurs avaient tendance à offrir des rations riches e
Books on the topic "Animal Culture and Nutrition Agriculture"
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Herren, Ray V. The science of animal agriculture. 2nd ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 2000.
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International Workshop on All Aspects of Animal and Plant Boron Nutrition (2001 Bonn, Germany). Boron in plant and animal nutrition. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002.
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Ningxia nong mu ye fa zhan yu huan jing bian qian yan jiu. Beijing: Wen wu chu ban she, 2012.
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Xinjiang nong mu min she qu tian ye diao cha: Xinjiang nongmumin shequ tianye diaocha. Wulumuqi Shi: Xinjiang ren min chu ban she, 2007.
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European Association for Animal Production. Meeting. 37th annual meeting of the European Association for Animal Production =: 37e me re union annuelle de la Fe de ration europe enne de zootechnie = 37. Jahrestagung der Europa ischen Vereinigung fu r Tierproduktion ... : Budapest, Hungary, 1-4 September 1986. [Budapest?: EAAP?, 1986.
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L, Cross Timothy, ed. Spreadsheet applications for animal nutrition and feeding. Reston, Va: Reston Pub. Co., 1985.
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Preston, R. L., and Linsner R. John. "Potassium in Animal Nutrition." In Potassium in Agriculture, 595–617. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1985.potassium.c26.
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Miller, Elwyn R., Xingen Lei, and Duane E. Ullrey. "Trace Elements in Animal Nutrition." In Micronutrients in Agriculture, 593–662. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser4.2ed.c16.
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Pardossi, Alberto, Luca Incrocci, Maria C. Salas, and Giorgio Gianquinto. "Managing Mineral Nutrition in Soilless Culture." In Urban Agriculture, 147–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57720-3_10.
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Singh, Jatinder, and Dhananjay Suresh Gaikwad. "Phytogenic Feed Additives in Animal Nutrition." In Natural Bioactive Products in Sustainable Agriculture, 273–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3024-1_13.
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Becker, E. Wolfgang. "Microalgae for Human and Animal Nutrition." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 461–503. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch25.
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Wilde, Walter S. "Role of Potassium in Human and Animal Nutrition." In The Role of Potassium in Agriculture, 203–20. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1968.roleofpotassium.c10.
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Huang, Longbin, Mark Gherardi, Richard Bell, and Bernie Dell. "High Light Intensity Increases External Boron (B) Requirements for Leaf Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Hysun 25) in B-buffered Solution Culture." In Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, 213–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0607-2_20.
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Steensland, Ann, and Margaret Zeigler. "Productivity in Agriculture for a Sustainable Future." In The Innovation Revolution in Agriculture, 33–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50991-0_2.
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Abstract The Malthusian predictions of the future have not come to pass due largely to innovative agricultural technologies and practices that stimulated significant gains in agricultural productivity. This chapter examines the linkages between innovation, productivity, and sustainability. The definition of agricultural productivity, measured as total factor productivity (TFP), will be explained, as well as the contribution of innovation to global TFP growth and the contribution of TFP to sustainable food and agriculture systems. To illustrate these connections, this chapter highlights innovative technologies and practices used by crop and livestock producers in the United States, Colombia, India, Kenya, and Vietnam. These cases demonstrate how advanced seed technologies, improvements in soil health and nutrient management, mechanization, and an emphasis on animal health drive productivity growth around the world. Many of these cases feature partnerships between the public sector, private sector, and producers where innovations and new practices are used to increase productivity, incomes, food security, and nutrition. Creating an enabling policy environment is essential for agricultural innovation, productivity, and sustainability; the chapter gives examples of public policies that stimulate such productivity: investing in public sector research and development (R&D), embracing science-based technologies, and establishing smart regulatory environments. The chapter includes a discussion of innovation, productivity, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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WIDDOWSON, R. W. "Animal Nutrition." In Towards Holistic Agriculture, 131–42. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034211-5.50013-8.
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Manu, Hayford, and Samuel K. Baidoo. "Nutrition and feeding of swine." In Animal Agriculture, 299–313. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817052-6.00017-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Animal Culture and Nutrition Agriculture"
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Lin, I.-Hua, and Kai-Long Hsiao. "Thin nutrition pie manufacturing by using radiation effect at stagnation point heat transfer with micropolar flow and multimedia feature." In 2015 International Conference on Food Hygiene, Agriculture and Animal Science. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813100374_0008.
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Tan, Sibel, Şermin Atak, Ümran Şengül, and Sabri Sami Tan. "The Evaluation of the Changes in the Agricultural Sector with Common Economic Indicators in Turkey in the Last Decade." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01005.
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Agriculture is an important sector in the Turkish economy in terms of population and employment, nutrition, agricultural production, domestic consumption, its contribution to industry, national income and balance of payments. By current economic indicators in Turkey, while its share in national income is 9.0%, its share in employment is 23.6%. Although the share of agriculture in GDP decreased in Turkey in the last decade, the rate of growth of agricultural sector increased. Whereas cultivated fields and the number of livestock declined, vegetative production and animal production increased significantly. Moreover, the rate of total employment increased, but the rate of agricultural employment decreased. In addition, the use of machine in agriculture increased and the wage of employees in agriculture increased considerably, as well. On the other hand, agricultural support policies in the last decade witnessed with major reforms and important support policies were implemented in many areas. In 2013, the share of agricultural subsidies in gross domestic product increased compared to the previous year and an increase in the 2014 budget was targeted. In this study, agriculture-related indicators in Turkey in the last ten years will be evaluated and the last ten-year change and the reasons of this change will be examined. In the light of these changes, agricultural recommendations in terms of future oriented agricultural plans and programs will be presented.
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RUZAIĶE, Aija, Sandra MUIŽNIECE-BRASAVA, Zanda KRŪMA, and Kaspars KOVAĻENKO. "NUTRITIONAL VALUE DETERMINATION OF THERMALLY PROCESSED POTATO MAIN COURSE IN RETORT PACKAGING." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.078.
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Consumers are increasingly demanding choices of ready-made foods with excellent organoleptic and health-related properties. There are two main trends in Europe; firstly, consumers are increasingly choosing foods that are comfortable for use, secondly, the number of people who are overweight is increasing, with more consumers paying close attention to the ingredients and nutritional value of products in order to balance the amount of the food they consume per day. The aim of the research was to develop new potato main courses and to determine their nutritional value. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Food Technology of the Latvia University of Agriculture, Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR" and Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition at the Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia. Four different potato main course types with amaranth, quinoa, bulgur and chicken were prepared for the study; plain potatoes were used as the control sample. The content of protein, carbohydrates, lipids, fibre and minerals (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B) was determined in all potato main course samples. The addition of amaranth, quinoa and bulgur significantly increased the content of dietary fibre, protein, carbohydrates and lipids (p&amp;lt;0.05), whereas the addition of chicken fillet significantly increased protein and lipid content, but reduced the content of carbohydrates and dietary fibre. The content of various minerals, which are an indispensable part of the diet as they are necessary for the body's life processes and normal development, was significantly increased by the addition of chicken to the potato main course. The highest dietary fibre content was detected in potato main course with amaranth (3.0 g per 100 g product), drawing up to 9.0 g dietary fibre per one serving (300 g). Following the Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, potatoes with amaranth can be defined as the “source of fibre”.
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TRUKHACHEV, Vladimir, Sergey OLEYNIK, and Nikolay ZLYDNEV. "DAILY DYNAMICS OF MILK QUALITY INDICATORS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.067.
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Dairy cattle breeding is one of the main suppliers of protein and animal fat, it is one of the most important branches of agriculture and plays a primary role in providing adequate nutrition for the population. During the purposeful work on harmonization of the national regulatory framework with international legislation, special attention is paid to scientific developments in the way of full implementation of Russian livestock production in the global trading system. The recommendations of the International Committee for Registration of Animals (ICAR) (Global Standard…, 2017; Trukhachev et al., 2017) are the methodological basis for the introduction of the generally accepted organizational principles for the recording and evaluation of the productive qualities of animals. One of the stages of this process was implementation in 2015-2017. in the Stavropol State Agrarian University of research projects, especially significant for the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in the direction of ensuring import substitution in animal husbandry (genetic material), which envisage the development of a regional model for the formation and management of highly productive genetic resources for dairy cattle. The object of the research was cattle (cows) of the North Caucasian population of the Ayrshire breed (n = 550), from which, based on the analysis of the materials of the primary zooveterinary records, groups of cows with 3-fold milking were formed to study the daily dynamics of fat and protein content in raw milk samples I, II and III milking, n = 240) and 2-fold milking (I and II milking - 180 cows). In the process of performing monthly analyzes of the quality of individual milk samples obtained from pedigree cows taken for 2- or 3-fold milking, it was found that a certain pattern is observed in the diurnal dynamics of fat and protein content in milk, which probably has a general biological nature and largely depends on the technological factor - the multiplicity of milking cows, which coincides, basically, with the regularities described in the methodology of the International Committee for Registration of Animals (ICAR). The nature of the dynamics of the concentration of fat in milk at 2- and 3-fold milking has, though a different mathematical form, but they have a general tendency: the fat in milk for milking cows, as a rule, is 10.77–10.98 % lower, than II and III milking. The variability of the protein concentration in milk during the day is the same as the fat dynamics, though it is less expressed than of fat and accounts 0.88%.