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Eibl, Regine, Yannick Senn, Géraldine Gubser, Valentin Jossen, Christian van den Bos, and Dieter Eibl. "Cellular Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-063020-123940.
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Cellular agriculture is the controlled and sustainable manufacture of agricultural products with cells and tissues without plant or animal involvement. Today, microorganisms cultivated in bioreactors already produce egg and milk proteins, sweeteners, and flavors for human nutrition as well as leather and fibers for shoes, bags, and textiles. Furthermore, plant cell and tissue cultures provide ingredients that stimulate the immune system and improve skin texture, with another precommercial cellular agriculture product, in vitro meat, currently receiving a great deal of attention. All these approaches could assist traditional agriculture in continuing to provide for the dietary requirements of a growing world population while freeing up important resources such as arable land. Despite early successes, challenges remain and are discussed in this review, with a focus on production processes involving plant and animal cell and tissue cultures.
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Traore, Sidi Oumar, Alassane Ba, Doubangolo Coulibaly, Abdoul Kader Kone, Bouréma Kone, and Nangboro Ferdinand Dembele. "Production du fourrage de Mucuna pruriens pour l’alimentation des animaux et sa marge brute en zone cotonnière du Mali." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i1.11.
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En zone cotonnière du Mali, la situation d’affouragement des animaux est largement déficitaire. Pour améliorer la disponibilité des ressources fourragères, la recherche en partenariat avec les producteurs a introduit en milieu paysan la culture de Mucuna pruriens. Cette étude vise à évaluer les performances de M. pruriens dans la production du fourrage pour les animaux. Les essais ont été conduits par 25 producteurs répartis dans 5 sites durant les campagnes agricoles 2015-2016, 2016-2017 et 2017-2018. Les essais étaient divisés en deux parcelles tests : culture pure de M. pruriens et association M. pruriens/maïs. La production moyenne en biomasse de M. pruriens pur sur les 3 campagnes agricoles a été de 4 363±1 491kg MS/ha. Cette production couvre les besoins en matière sèche de 7,76±2,65 UBT durant 90 jours. Pour l’association, la production de biomasse a été de 5 449±1 766 kg MS/ha, elle couvre les besoins en matière sèche de 9,69±3,14 UBT pendant 90 jours. La marge brute de la culture pure de M. pruriens est de 786 060±298 140 FCFA/ha. Pour l’association, elle est de 850 917±36 1887 FCFA/ha. La culture de M. pruriens favorise l’intégration agriculture-élevage tout en améliorant l’alimentation des animaux et les revenus des producteurs.
Mots clés: Exploitation agricole, date de semis, Cultures fourragères, M. pruriens, zone cotonnière.
English Title: Production of Mucuna pruriens fodder for animal feed and its gross margin in the cotton-growing zone of Mali
In Mali's cotton-growing zone, there is a large deficit in animal feed. To improve the availability of fodder resources, research in partnership with producers has introduced the cultivation of Mucuna pruriens into the farming environment. This study aims ed at evaluat’hg the performance of M. pruriens in the production of fodder for animals. The trials were conducted by 25 producers in 5 sites during the 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 crop years. The trials were divided into two test plots: pure culture of M. pruriens and M. pruriens/corn combination. The average biomass production of pure M. pruriens over the 3 cropping seasons was 4363±1,491kg MS/ha. This production covers the dry matter requirement of 7.76±2.65 Btu for 90 days. For the association, the biomass production was 5449±1,766 kg DM/ha, covering the dry matter requirement of 9.69±3.14 Btu for 90 days. The gross margin of the pure culture of M. pruriens is 786 060±298 140 FCFA/ha. For the association, it is 850 917±36 1887 FCFA/ha. The cultivation of M. pruriens promotes the integration of agriculture and livestock while improving animal nutrition and the income of producers.
Keywords: Farm, sowing date, fodder crops, M. pruriens, cotton are
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Szűcs, István, László Váradi, and Emese Békefi. "Coherence and connection between the good pond culture practice and the environment conscious management." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 25 (April 11, 2007): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/25/3038.
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According to the data indicating the decline and restructuring during the past decade, as well as the trend in the European Union member states, it can be expected that the role of traditional agriculture and fish production in direct rural employment decrease further. This also values those strategic directions for restructuring that will lead fishculture from quantity driven to quality production along with sustainable development (i.e. environmental conscious production) and multifunctional farming. This way the economic and social tensions caused by the concentration of the production and labour output can be mitigated.It is laid in the 1257/1999 Act on rural Development that farmers that enrol the agri-environmental scheme should follow the “Good Agricultural Practice” on the whole managed area. In case of agri-environmental schemes this is a precondition for which no grants are given.The adaptation of “Good Agricultural Practice” in fishproduction,where it is called: “Good Pond Culture Practice” is considered important on the basis of the above mentioned. This programme is undertaken in co-operation with the Research Institute for Aquaculture, Fisheries and Irrigation, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development and the Association of Hungarian Fish Farmers and Product Council.The European Commission proposed the formulation of the European Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EFAF) for the period 2007-20013, which will replace the Financial Instruments for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG), but it also consists of several new elements and will be working differently, too. According to the proposal the budget for the Fund will be nearly 5 billion EUR (4963 million EUR). The development level of aquaculture and fisheries and the social and economic significance in the given member state will be considered when distributing the Fund between the Member States.According to the plan the Fund is organised along five priority axes, of which the most important for the Hungarian fisheries sector is No. II: Aquaculture and the processing and marketing of aquaculture and fisheries products. The main measure areas are the followings:1. investment support for aquaculture;2. support for aquatic-environmental schemes;3. environmental- and animal health issues;4. investments in processing and marketingIn case of accessing support under measure area No. 2 farms are obliged to meet the requirements of the scheme beyond the “good management practice” for 5 years, which is to be supervised by the approved body of the Member State. For this reason our work is considered to be substantial.Approval of the application of “Good Pond Culture Practice” is based on two elements: first the prevailing environmental and nature conservation regulations, as well as the list of controllable conditions in the new agri-environmental agreements are to be met. “Good Pond Culture Practice” are to be conducted on the whole farm area. Its main elements are:- nutrition management,- feeding,- pond maintenance,- stocking,- harvesting,- animal welfare (storage and over-wintering).
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Dzarnisa, Dzarnisa, and Herawati Latif. "Analisis Komponen Aktif Cita-Rasa Pada Susu Fermentasi Dengan Kromatografi Gas." Jurnal Agripet 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v14i1.1201.
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(Active component analysis of fermented milk flavor by gas chromatography)ABSTRACT. Fermented milk is milk processed product that to be one source of nutritious food for humans. The action of food component such as flavor is accepted, sense of taste and smell generated complex assessment of food flavors in the mouth. The flavor components of fermented milk together and interact with each other when consumed and cause the perception of taste between like or dislike. This is an important factor in developing diversification of fermented milk product so as to attract customers other than in terms of aspects of nutrition and health. Flavor is one of the most important criteria in the acceptance of a food ingredient. During processing and storage flavor change easily. This study used gas chromatography to detect the formation of the active component of the flavor of fermented milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the active components in fermented milk which is the formation of flavor. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Animal Feed Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Chemistry Unsyiah and PAU Food and Nutrition IPB Bogor. This study uses a Likens - Nickerson distillation stage concentrated with Vigreux column and identified by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer. Gas chromatography has identified that the class of acids, alcohols, esters and alkanes group forming an active component in the flavor of fermented milk although relatively varied. In yoghurt, acid found in relatively high amount of alcohol is more varied in its kind. Yogurt with single culture L.bulgaricus has more ketones and aldehydes components. Volatile components were detected mostly in kefir acids, alcohols, esters and alkane derivatives. The curd is dominated by acidic components in addition to alcohol and aldehyde.
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Kelemu, S., S. Niassy, B. Torto, K. Fiaboe, H. Affognon, H. Tonnang, N. K. Maniania, and S. Ekesi. "African edible insects for food and feed: inventory, diversity, commonalities and contribution to food security." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2015): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2014.0016.
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This paper reviews entomophagy as practised in Africa within the context of food and nutritional security by providing an inventory of the various species of insects that are consumed on the continent and suggests a research for development (R4D) agenda for sustainable utilisation of insects for food and feed. Our survey showed that over 470 species of insects are eaten in Africa. The Central African region remains the most important hotspot of having a culture of entomophagy. The insects mostly eaten in the continent are dominated by the orders Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera. Commonalities were observed across the majority of the insects consumed across Africa, providing opportunities for related R4D activities. An R4D agenda and pathways for using edible insects suggest that socio-economics and marketing studies should address issues of communities’ perceptions, based on their cultural background, income and beliefs. Cost-effective rearing, harvesting and processing technologies are required to prevent depletion and ecological perturbations while ensuring continuous availability of insect-based products. Indigenous reports assert that some edible insects harbour medicinal properties; thus, the need to undertake nutritional and bioactive chemical characterisation of main edible insects along the value chain and to investigate food safety issues such as diseases, allergies, and toxicological and chemical hazards. The use of insects for waste conversion into animal feed and fertiliser requires judicious choice of substrate in view of concerns regarding contaminant loads and pathogens occurrence. Responding to these research needs and opportunities, icipe has recently established an Insects for Food, Feed and Other Uses Programme with well-defined work packages oriented towards attainment of its Vision and Strategy 2013-2020 document, with a strong orientation towards R4D and a focus on activities that lead to adoption and impact on end users, through broad based complementary linkages and partnerships with agriculture and livestock extension services, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and advanced research institutes, non-governmental organisations and the private sector.
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Putnik-Delić, Marina, Ivana Maksimović, Tijana Zeremski, and Ana Marjanović-Jeromela. "Effects of Heavy Metals on Chemical Composition of Camelina sativa L." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 14, no. 3 (December 13, 2013): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1303377p.
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Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is studied mostly as oil plant that can replace oilseed rape in the extensive agriculture. It is a good source of oil (40% oil in seeds) similar to sunflower, soybeans, canola, castor been and other oil crops. Oil of camelina is rich in essential omega 3 fatty acids. In addition, seed protein content is relatively high. Camelina has modest requirements for agro-ecological conditions and it is highly resistant to pathogens. Those features make camelina suitable for human nutrition and animal feed. Its use is related to sustainable agriculture, bio-diesel industry, cold-pressed oils and the use of so-called marginal land. Examination of its ability to uptake and accumulate heavy metals (HM) is interesting from the standpoint of 1) food safety and 2) potential for phytoremediation. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HM on uptake and accumulation of some essential macro- and micronutrients and unwanted HM. Experiments were done with Camelina sativa L., cultivar Stepski 1. The seeds were exposed to 1 µM Cd or Cu and 10 µM Ni or Zn since the beginning of germination. Plants were grown in water cultures, in semi-controlled conditions of a greenhouse, on ½ strength Hoagland solution to which were added HM in the same concentrations as during germination. Concentrations and distribution of Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe and Mn in roots and shoots were altered in the presence of increased concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn.
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Khan, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Mohd Y. Rafii, Shairul Izan Ramlee, Mashitah Jusoh, and Md Al-Mamun. "Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc): A Crop for the New Millennium, Its Genetic Diversity, and Improvements to Mitigate Future Food and Nutritional Challenges." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 5530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105530.
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The world’s food and agricultural schemes have gradually fallen into an alarming state due to challenges such as high population birth rates, diverse agro-climatic zones, a lack of measures to counter global warming, severe practices of sole-culture cultivation, and asset reduction. A very high dependency on limited staple food crops is associated with repetitious diets, deprivation of food, and shortages of trace minerals, which often causes dietary sicknesses. To ensure nutritious diets worldwide, a real-world and justifiable scheme is provided to garner extra attention towards variation in both agriculture/farming approaches and food habits. The EAT-Lancet statement emphasized an increase in agri-based diets as a way of attaining global generational health. Enlarging neglected crops with plenty of genomic stocks and potentially profitable attributes is a solution that could address food and nutritional security concerns. Bambara groundnut is one such imperative and neglected legume crop that contributes positively to improving global food and nutrient safety. As a “complete food”, this crop has recently been treated as a new millennium crop, and furthermore, it is more adjusted to poor soil and climatic conditions than other dominant crops. Bambara groundnut is a repository of vital nutrients that provides carbohydrates, crucial amino acids, proteins, and energy as well as minerals and vitamins to developed and low-income countries where animal proteins are not readily available. This review explores the potential of Bambara groundnut in ensuring food and nutrient security; its variables, production, processing, nutrient values, role in reducing the nutritional gap, and diverse uses; and attempts in improving its traits. To strengthen food production, an agricultural revolution is required for underutilized crop species to feed the ever-expanding population in the world. Henceforth, advanced plant-breeding procedures, such as next-generation breeding techniques, various molecular tools, TILLING, Eco-TILLING, proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics (which has been used for major crops), also need to be practiced to intensify production. To boost productivity and to feed the most starved and malnourished populations of the world, it is assumed that the application of modern techniques will play a vital role in the advancement of the underutilized Bambara groundnut.
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Alves Júnior, José, Adriano Da Silva Lopes, Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez, Ronaldo Antonio dos Santos, and Antonio Fernando Bergamaschine. "PRODUÇÃO DE MATÉRIA VERDE EM PUPUNHEIRA IRRIGADA." IRRIGA 10, no. 4 (December 22, 2005): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2005v10n4p365-372.
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PRODUÇÃO DE MATÉRIA VERDE EM PUPUNHEIRA IRRIGADA José Alves Júnior1; Adriano da Silva Lopes2; Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez3; Ronaldo Antonio dos Santos1; Antonio Fernando Bergamaschine41Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, SP, jalves@esalq.usp.br2Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, MS3Departamento de Fitossanidade, Engenharia Rural e Solos, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Ilha Solteira, SP4Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Ilha Solteira, SP 1 RESUMO A cultura da pupunha, além de cultivada principalmente para a produção de palmito, também produz matéria verde que pode ser utilizada na alimentação animal, reduzindo assim os custos de produção. Estes resíduos, oriundos do processamento do palmito, são constituídos por folhas, bainhas e partes do estipe, podendo ser fornecido na forma de feno ou silagem aos animais. Todavia, a exploração economicamente viável desta palmeira no noroeste paulista somente é possível com o uso de irrigação. Por conseguinte, estudos foram realizados com o objetivo de se identificar a lâmina de irrigação para a cultura, quantificando seus efeitos na produção deste subproduto da produção de palmito. Para tanto, o experimento contou com 6 tratamentos compostos por lâminas de irrigação, cada um com 4 repetições, onde as lâminas aplicadas variaram desde sem irrigação até reposição de 150% da evaporação do Tanque Classe A (ECA). Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicaram que a reposição de 75% da ECA no primeiro ano de produção resultou na melhor lâmina, enquanto que no segundo, a melhor foi obtida repondo-se 100% da ECA, com uma produtividade respectivamente de 74,55 e 114,94 toneladas de resíduos por hectare, demonstrando o grande potencial da cultura para produzir matéria verde, sob manejo adequado da irrigação. UNITERMOS: nutrição animal; manejo da irrigação; Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. ALVES JUNIOR, J.; LOPES, A. da. S.; HERNANDEZ, F. B. T.; SANTOS, R. A. dos.; BERGAMASCHINE, A. F.; GREEN MATTER PRODUCTION IN IRRIGATED PEJIBAYE 2 ABSTRACT Pejibaye, besides being cultivated mainly to palm heart production, also produces green matter that can be used in animal feeding, lowers production costs. These by-products, originated from the palm heart processing consisted of leaves, hems and plant parts and could be used as hay or silage to animals. However, the economically viable exploration of this palm tree in the northwest of São Paulo is only possible with the use of irrigation. Consequently, studies were carried out to identify the best irrigation level to culture, quantifying their effects on this palm heart by-product production. Therefore, the experiment had 6 irrigation level treatments, each one with 4 replications, in which the applied levels varied from without irrigation to 150% evaporation replacement of a Class A Pan (ECA). The results obtained in this work indicated that the replacement of 75% of ECA in the first year of production resulted in the best level, while in the second one, the best level was obtained from 100% of ECA, a respective productivity of 74.55 and 114.94 tons of residues per hectare, showing the great potential of the culture to produce green matter, under appropriate irrigation management. KEYWORDS: animal nutrition, irrigation management, Bactris gasipaes, H.B.K.
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Vasconcellos, Ana Claudia Santiago de, Gustavo Hallwass, Jaqueline Gato Bezerra, Angélico Nonato Serrão Aciole, Heloisa Nascimento de Moura Meneses, Marcelo de Oliveira Lima, Iracina Maura de Jesus, Sandra de Souza Hacon, and Paulo Cesar Basta. "Health Risk Assessment of Mercury Exposure from Fish Consumption in Munduruku Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 7940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157940.
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Fish serves as the principal source of animal protein for the indigenous people of the Amazon, ensuring their food and nutritional security. However, gold mining causes mercury (Hg) contamination in fish, and consequently increases health risks associated with fish consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the health risk attributed to the consumption of mercury-contaminated fish by Munduruku indigenous communities in the Middle-Tapajós Region. Different fish species were collected in the Sawré Muybu Indigenous Land to determine mercury levels. The health risk assessment was carried out according to the World Health Organization (WHO 2008) methodology and different scenarios were built for counterfactual analysis. Eighty-eight fish specimens from 17 species and four trophic levels were analyzed. Estimates of Hg ingestion indicated that the methylmercury daily intake exceeds the U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2000) reference dose from 3 to 25-fold, and up to 11 times the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)/WHO (2003) dose recommendation. In all situations analyzed, the risk ratio estimates were above 1.0, meaning that the investigated Munduruku communities are at serious risk of harm as a result of ingestion of mercury-contaminated fish. These results indicate that, at present, fish consumption is not safe for this Munduruku population. This hazardous situation threatens the survival of this indigenous population, their food security, and their culture.
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& et al., Mardiana. "COMBINATION OF SAWDUST, “FILTER CAKE” AND CALCIUM CARBONATE AS GROWTH MEDIUM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE OYSTER MUSHROOM (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS)." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i3.1365.
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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of combining sawdust (SD), filter cake (FC) and calcium carbonate as growth medium for the production of white oyster mushroom. Isolate F2 oyster mushroom was cultured on malt extract agar (MEA) and used in the experiment. The culture medium consisted of two treatments: first, A treatment: combined medium (A0=100% SD; A1=100% FC; A2=70% FC and 30% SD; A3=50% FC and 50% SD; A4=30% FC and 70% SD) and second, K treatment: addition of calcium carbonate (K1=2%; K2=3%; K3=4%; K4=5% weight of medium). A Randomized design was used to analyze certain parameters, such as mycelial growth, presence of fruiting body, the number of fruiting bodies and the fresh weight of fruiting body at harvest. The results showed that the highest mycelial growth and fruiting body formation occurred on A0 treatment. However, a high number of fruiting bodies and a high fresh weight of fruiting body at harvest were obtained on A4 treatment. Interaction between the combined medium (A) and addition of calcium carbonate (K) showed that the highest mycelial growth occurred on A0K2 treatment 30 days after incubation. The composition of A4 treatment (30% FC and 70% SD) was found to be the optimal medium for the production of fruiting body. This finding shows that FC with additional nutrition could as a substitute of SD medium for cultivating white oyster mushroom.
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Lund, Vonne, and I. Anna S. Olsson. "Animal Agriculture: Symbiosis, Culture, or Ethical Conflict?" Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 19, no. 1 (February 2006): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-005-4378-9.
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Ha, D. T., A. V. Kanarskiy, Z. A. Kanarskaya, A. V. Scherbakov, E. N. Scherbakova, and A. V. Pranovich. "Impact of cultivation conditions on xylanase production and growth in Paenibacillus mucilaginosus." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 10, no. 3 (October 8, 2020): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2020-10-3-459-469.
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Xylanase is an enzyme that hydrolyses β-1,4 bonds in plant xylan. This enzyme is applied in the bioconversion of agro-industrial waste for xylooligosaccharide hydrolysate production to improve digestibility and nutrition value of animal feed, food processing, the utilisation and faster decomposition of crop debris in soil, as well as in cellulose bleaching and other industries. The current trend focuses on using renewable resources, such as agricultural waste, as substitutes for expensive purified xylan in producer screening and xylanase synthesis. This work aimed to determine the impact of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus cultivation conditions on the xylanase production yield. Rice bran ferment lysate along with birch and beech timber xylans were used as a carbon source. Temperature, medium pH, pH correction factors, inoculant incubation time, carbon and nitrogen sources and concentrations were the studied criteria of xylanase biosynthesis and growth in bacteria P. ucilaginosus strain 560. We show that the xylanase biosynthesis and cultivation in P. mucilaginosus strain 560 are more practical and cost-effective with the use of a rice bran ferment lysate-based nutrient medium. Inductors contained in the rice bran ferment lysate improve the xylanase biosynthesis. Calcium ions also facilitate biosynthesis in the studied strain. Cultivation recommendations are: carbon source concentration in medium 0.5% of total reducing substances content; 0.2% carbamide as optimal nitrogen source; calcium hydroxide as an agent for medium pH correction to 6.0±0.2; cultivation temperature 30±1 °С. Under the specified conditions, cultivation of P. mucilaginosus does not require inoculate preprocessing, and a maximal xylanase activity in stationary culture reaches 20 U/mL.
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CLARKE, E. J., and J. WISEMAN. "Developments in plant breeding for improved nutritional quality of soya beans I. Protein and amino acid content." Journal of Agricultural Science 134, no. 2 (March 2000): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699007431.
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Soya beans, like other legumes, contain low concentrations of the nutritionally essential sulphur amino acid, methionine. Cysteine, although not an essential amino acid because it can be synthesized from methionine, also influences the nutritional quality of soya bean products when it is only present in low levels. A low cysteine content will also aggravate a methionine deficiency. Soya bean lines deficient in 7S protein subunits have been identified. The 7S proteins contain substantially less methionine and cysteine than the 11S proteins. With the myriad of genetic null alleles for these subunits it may be possible to tailor the 7S/11S storage protein ratio and their total composition in seeds to include only those subunits with the richest sulphur amino acid composition. Cotyledon feeding experiments, using isolated soya bean cotyledons, demonstrated that addition of methionine to the culture media caused increased synthesis of both proteins and free amino acids but the mechanism by which this takes place is not clear. Biotechnological approaches to improve nutritional value of soya beans include elevated expression of genes that originate from other species which encode high-sulphur proteins. High level expression of a 2S Brazil nut albumin gene in soya bean resulted in raised methionine concentration although the Brazil nut gene is highly antigenic and therefore will not be useful in production agriculture. Modification of glycinin to increase sulphur amino acid content is possible, and these gene products are capable of normal assembly into trimers in vitro although are rapidly degraded in vivo by the asparaginyl endopeptidase responsible for post-translational modification of proglycinin. Solutions to the methionine deficiency may be anticipated from a combination of approaches followed in laboratories worldwide. Many of these approaches are not without difficulty but, despite this, the likelihood is that soya beans with improved nutritional quality (which may not be confined to sulphur-containing amino acids as other nutritionally essential amino acids are also valuable) will be available in the near future. It will be essential to confirm that the increased total methionine (or other amino acid) is digestible to the animal to at least the same degree as conventional cultivars.
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Curry, John J., and Rebecca Huss-Ashmore. "Diet, Nutrition, and the Culture of Agriculture in Swaziland." Culture & Agriculture 10, no. 39 (September 1989): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cuag.1989.10.39.2.
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Curry, John J., and Rebecca Huss-Ashmore. "Diet, Nutrition, and the Culture of Agriculture in Swaziland." Culture Agriculture -, no. 39 (September 1989): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cag.1989.-.39.2.
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Fraser, David. "Farm Animal Production: Changing Agriculture in a Changing Culture." Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 4, no. 3 (July 2001): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0403_02.
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Lee, H. T., J. M. Jang, S. H. Lee, and M. K. Gupta. "60 IMPROVEMENT IN EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF CLONED AND PARTHENOGENETIC PORCINE EMBRYOS BY AMINO ACIDS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab60.
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In vitro production of cloned porcine embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has become routine in several laboratories but the efficiency and quality of the resultant blastocysts remains sub-optimal. Cloned porcine blastocysts show low cell number, high fragmentation rate, and apoptosis which results in lower pregnancy rates upon embryo transfer. Earlier we reported that supplementation of culture media with amino acids benefit pre-implantation embryo development of in vivo- as well as in vitro-fertilized porcine embryos (Koo et al. 1997 Theriogenology 48, 791–802). This study evaluated how exogenous amino acids could affect pre-implantation development and quality of cloned or parthenogenetic porcine embryos. The effects of commercially available amino acids, referred to as Eagle's non-essential amino acids (NEAA), added or not added (control) to NCSU23 medium containing fatty acid-free BSA were studied. Oocytes recovered from abattoir-derived prepubertal porcine ovaries were matured in vitro and parthenogenetically activated (PA) or nuclear-transferred with fetal fibroblasts (SCNT), as described earlier (Uhm et al. 2000 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 57, 331–337). At 168 h post-activation, blastocysts were harvested for assessment of embryo quality by TUNEL labeling, Hoechst 33342 staining, and gene expression analysis. Results showed that, in the PA group, the cleavage rate was not affected by the supplementation of NEAA. However, the blastocyst rate was significantly improved when NEAA was present in the medium compared to that of the control group (38.9 ± 0.3 vs. 27.5 ± 0.3%, respectively) throughout the culture period. The supplementation during the pre-compaction period alone gave better results than during the post-compaction period alone (59.5 ± 0.9 vs. 33.4 ± 0.3%, respectively). In the SCNT group, however, both cleavage (73.6 ± 0.2 vs. 64.2 ± 0.4%) and blastocyst rate (18.7 ± 0.2 vs. 13.8 ± 0.3%) were improved by NEAA supplementation. Furthermore, these blastocysts had higher hatching ability (30.0 ± 1.8 vs. 14.6 ± 4.9%) than those of control group (P < 0.05). Supplementation of NEAA also increased the mean nuclei number of PA-derived (76.1 ± 4.9 vs. 66.5 ± 3.3) as well as SCNT-derived (43.1 ± 2.6 vs. 31.8 ± 1.9) blastocysts and reduced the time during which blastocysts formed. TUNEL assay revealed that incidence of nuclear fragmentation and apotosis was reduced by NEAA. Real-time qRT-PCR for Bax and Bcl-XL transcripts revealed that the relative abundance of Bax was reduced while that of Bcl-XL was increased. These effects were more pronounced when NEAA was present during the pre-compaction period alone. Thus, our data suggest that NEAA improves the yield and quality of cloned porcine embryos by enhancing blastocyst expansion and positively modulating the total cell number and apoptosis. These data may have implications for understanding the nutritional needs of cloned porcine embryos produced in vitro and for optimizing the composition of culture media to support their development. This work was supported by the Research Project on the Production of Bio-Organs (No. 200503030201), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Korea.
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Rérat, A., and S. J. Kaushik. "Nutrition, animal production and the environment." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 10 (May 1, 1995): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0360.
Full textAbstract:
With increasing demographic growth, there will be an ever increasing demand for greater food production over the turn of this century. Seen from today's productivist point of view, this is not too difficult a challenge to meet. Besides socio-economic and geopolitical considerations, it is now of the utmost importance to consider any such increase in food production from a global environmental perspective. Man-made changes to the environment are numerous, some perhaps irredeemable. The essential human activities of agriculture, animal production and fisheries also affect the environment and some quantitative data are available on such impacts. Each progress in increasing agricultural resources (reclaiming new land areas for agriculture, increase in land productivity, intensification of animal production etc.,) is not without disadvantages (deforestation, pollution of underground water through different contaminants). Intensification of land animal production, facilitated also by progress in biotechnological methods leads to increased contamination of the natural food chain and to the concentration of effluents. Aquatic production, currently undergoing tremendous progress, is also facing several such dangers: over-exploitation of natural resources; slow disappearance of natural breeding grounds; increased pollution of water through industrial, agricultural and aquacultural activities. Every such menace to the future of food production has its solution. Even the application of already available knowledge can prevent further deterioration of our land, air and aquatic environment for sustained production. But, local socioeconomic pressures and lack of concern or education often prevent us from obtaining the ideal balance between food production and environment.
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Bot, M. H., G. S. Bawa, J. J. Omage, P. A. Onimisi, D. Y. Bot, and I. E. Udom. "Proximate composition of red and black finger millet (Eleusine coracana) varieties." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 6 (February 28, 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i6.2871.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of determining the proximate composition of red and black finger millet/Tamba (Eleusine coracana) varieties was to ascertain their nutritional composition and their ability to be used as feed ingredients. The finger millets used in this experiment were purchased from local markets in Ganawuri of Plateau and Manchok in Kaduna States and were subjected to proximate analysis. The results revealed that the millets contained Dry Matter – 88.48 and 87.55 %; Crude Protein (CP) – 13.98 and 13.14 %; Ether Extract (EE) – 3.70 and 3.10 %; Crude Fiber (CF) – 6.67 and 7.02 %; Ash – 4.90 and 4.36 %; Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) – 59.22 and 59.84 % for the red and black finger millets, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that finger millet is a nutritious feed resource irrespective of the variety and can be incorporated into animal feed in the livestock industry. It is recommended for farmers to use the crop by incorporating into livestock feed because of its rich proximate composition. L'objectif de la détermination de la composition immédiate des variétés de mil rouge et noir / Tamba (Eleusinecoracana) était de vérifier leur composition nutritionnelle et leur capacité à être utilisées comme ingrédients alimentaires. Des variétés de mil rouge et noir utilisées dans cette expérience ont été achetées aux marchés locaux de Ganawuri de l'état de Plateau et de Manchok del'état de Kaduna et ont été soumises à une analyse immédiate. Les résultats ont révélé que les variétés de mil contenaient de la matière sèche - 88,48 et 87,55% ; Protéine Brute (PB) –13,98 et 13,14% ; Extrait d'éther (EE) –3,70 et 3,10% ; le 'crude fibre' (CF) –6,67 et 7,02% ; Cendres – 4,90 et 4,36% ; Extrait sans azote (le 'NFE') –59,22 et 59,84% pour les mil rouges et noirs, respectivement. Sur la base de ces résultats, on peut conclure que le mil rouge et noir est une ressource alimentaire nutritive quelle que soit la variété et peut être incorporée dans l'alimentation animale dans l'industrie de l'élevage. Il est recommandé aux agriculteurs d'utiliser la culture en l'incorporant dans l'alimentation du bétail en raison de sa riche composition immédiate.
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Sager, M. "Selenium in agriculture, food, and nutrition." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678010111.
Full textAbstract:
In the case of Se, the concentration range between essentiality and toxicity for terrestric animals and humans is rather narrow, while aquatic organisms are much less affected, and no essentiality to green plants and aquatic macrophytes has been established yet. This review focuses on the situation in Europe, where Se levels are generally low. Apart from industrial and mining activities, the main Se sources are the burning of coal and selenite additions to animal feedstuffs. Reduction processes in sediments, soils, and feedstuffs to yield elemental Se act as sinks for available Se forms. In soils and crops, Se levels get enhanced from recycling of manure, dung, and sewage sludge, which is beneficial for Europe. New data from Austria have been added to the detailed discussions. In human nutrition, Se is supplied via pork, liver and kidneys, seafood, and cereals, but main sources as well as blood Se levels vary between different countries and nutritional habits. Food processing, like boiling, baking, or grilling, results in Se losses.
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Neupane, Saraswoti, Kotie White, Jessica L. Thomson, Ludek Zurek, and Dana Nayduch. "Environmental and Sex Effects on Bacterial Carriage by Adult House Flies (Musca domestica L.)." Insects 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070401.
Full textAbstract:
Adult house flies frequent microbe-rich sites such as urban dumpsters and animal facilities, and encounter and ingest bacteria during feeding and reproductive activities. Due to unique nutritional and reproductive needs, male and female flies demonstrate different interactions with microbe-rich substrates and therefore dissemination potential. We investigated culturable aerobic bacteria and coliform abundance in male and female flies (n = 107) collected from urban (restaurant dumpsters) and agricultural (dairy farm) sites. Whole-fly homogenate was aerobically cultured and enumerated on nonselective (tryptic soy agar; culturable bacteria) and selective (violet-red bile agar, VRBA; coliforms) media. Unique morphotypes from VRBA cultures of agricultural flies were identified and tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials. Female flies harbored more bacteria than males and there was a sex by site interaction with sex effects on bacterial abundance at the urban site. Coliform abundance did not differ by sex, site or sex within site. Both male and female flies carried antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria: 36/38 isolates (95%) were resistant to ≥1 antimicrobial, 33/38 were multidrug-resistant (≥2), and 24/38 isolates were resistant to ≥4 antimicrobials. Our results emphasize the role of house flies in harboring bacteria including AMR strains that pose a risk to human and animal health.
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Abdullah, Roheena, Ammara Akhtar, Kinza Nisar, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Faiza Saleem, and Farheen Aslam. "Process optimization for enhanced production of cellulases form locally isolated fungal strain by submerged fermentation." Bioscience Journal 37 (May 12, 2021): e37021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-53815.
Full textAbstract:
Cellulase has myriad applications in various sectors like pharmaceuticals, textile, detergents, animal feed and bioethanol production, etc. The current study focuses on the isolation, screening and optimization of fungal strain through one factor at a time technique for enhanced cellulase production. In current study sixteen different fungal cultures were isolated and the culture which quantitatively exhibits higher titers of cellulase activity was identified both morphologically and molecularly by 18S rDNA and designated as Aspergillus niger ABT11. Different parameters like fermentation medium, volume, temperature, pH and nutritional components were optimized. The highest CMCase and FPase activities was achieved in 100ml of M5 medium in the presence of 1% lactose and sodium nitrate at 30 oC, pH5 after 72 hours. The result revealed A. niger can be a potential candidate for scale up studies.
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Bouldin, David R. "Food systems for improved human nutrition: linking agriculture, nutrition and productivity." Agricultural Systems 83, no. 1 (January 2005): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.06.001.
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Hall, David H. "The Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans A Model Animal “Made for Microscopy”." Microscopy Today 12, no. 2 (March 2004): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500069807.
Full textAbstract:
The small unassuming nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans is only one millimeter long and lives in the soil munching on bacteria. While many nematode (roundworm) species are parasites with medical or agricultural importance, C. elegans seems to harm no one. Yet, this animal has attained a status in medical science that compares to more complex organisms such as the mouse or fruit fly in its utility for scientific discovery. It has been the subject of thousands of studies dealing with topics as diverse as nutrition, aging, and nervous system development. About 5000 scientists are now pursuing this single species in hundreds of laboratories worldwide. In 2002, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to three of the pioneers in establishing C. elegans as a “model organism“: Sydney Brenner, John Sulston, and H. Robert Horvitz. Why study worms?Sydney Brenner first turned his attention to C. elegans in the 1960's. Working at the Medical Research Council in England, he was looking for a small animal with inexpensive tastes that could be easily cultured in the laboratory.
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., K. M. S. Islam, A. Schumacher ., and J. M. Gropp . "Humic Acid Substances in Animal Agriculture." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4, no. 3 (April 15, 2005): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2005.126.134.
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Lang, Charles H. "Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals.Subcommittee on Laboratory Animal Nutrition, Committee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council." Quarterly Review of Biology 70, no. 4 (December 1995): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/419223.
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Balaji, SJ, Abimanyu Jhajhria, Sant Kumar, T. Kingsly Immanuelraj, and Amit Kar. "Agriculture–nutrition linkages: A preliminary investigation for rural India." Outlook on Agriculture 46, no. 4 (December 2017): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727017745909.
Full textAbstract:
Exploring linkages between agriculture, nutrition and human health has become an emerging field of research. Literature shows us both positive and negative externalities of agriculture on nutrition and health. Hence, the first step towards exploring agriculture–nutrition linkages would be ‘establishing’ the relationship between agriculture and nutrition, and thereby human health. This study, while doesn’t explicitly model and estimate complex linkages, attempts to study the direction, strength and magnitude of agriculture on nutritional status in rural India. Using a panel data covering 1991–2012, the study explores the linkages at two stages. Analysis indicates a ‘positive causality’ of agriculture on human nutrition and the ordinary least squares estimates provide evidence for it. Fixed effects estimates confirm the ‘positive causality’ after controlling for the effects of several factors. The study concludes that agriculture has a significant positive influence on nutrition, and thereby on health.
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ETHERTON, TERRY D. "The Impact of Biotechnology on Animal Agriculture and the Consumer." Nutrition Today 29, no. 4 (July 1994): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-199407000-00005.
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Weerakkody, G., F. L. Mould, E. Owen, and E. A. Butler. "The degradation characteristics of three Sri Lankan rice straw cultivars, following treatment with urea, assessed using three in vitro techniques." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200008061.
Full textAbstract:
In 1999 85 % of the milk and milk products consumed in Sri Lanka were imported at a cost of over 7000 m rupees. While this appears to offer a major opportunity for the national herd to improve production, indiscriminate deforestation, reduction of farm size and increased use of agricultural land for crop production has tended to depress both cattle numbers and production. Poor nutritional status of the animals is the major limiting constraint, caused by the inadequate supply of quality feedstuffs and confounded by the lack of advice from the poorly supported agricultural extension service. In addition little detailed information exists concerning the nutritive value of the majority of Sri Lankan feeds. Three in vitro techniques – the Minson and McLeod (1972) version of Tilley and Terry (T&T), the modified ANKOM (ANK) batch culture technique (Mould and Nordheim, 1998) and the RPT methodology (Mauricio et al., 1999) were compared in an effort to identify a suitable system to investigate Sri Lankan feeds. The degradation characteristics of rice straw were investigated in this study as, while nearly three-quarters of Sri Lankan cattle and buffaloes are reared in arid zone where rice straw is the major crop residue, only a small proportion is offered as feed.
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Zahera, Rika, Dian Anggraeni, Zikri Aulia Rahman, and Dwierra Evvyernie. "Pengaruh Kandungan Protein Ransum yang Berbeda terhadap Kecernaan dan Fermentabilitas Rumen Sapi Perah secara In vitro." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.18.1.1-6.
Full textAbstract:
The most of protein requirement for cows is fulfilled by microbial protein. Increasing the protein from ration usually influences the milk production in dairy cows. However, the availability of dietary protein should support rumen ecosystem through microbial activity in the fermentation and digestion process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein levels of dairy cow ration on the rumen fermentability and digestibility using an in vitro method. Randomized block design with three levels of protein ration as a treatment and three times taken of rumen liquor as a block. The treatments were: R1= ration with low protein; R2= ration with moderate protein and R3= ration with high protein. The measured parameters were rumen fermentability (total VFA, N-NH3 and pH), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The results showed that there were significantly increase in dry and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05), due to increasing the level of dietary protein, but there was no effect in the fermentability, except a slight increase in N-NH3 concentration. The conclusion of this study was the highest level of protein ration enhances the digestibility, and showed a tendency for higher N-NH3.
Key words: dairy cattle, dietary protein, digestibility, fermentability, in vitro
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[Ditjennak-Keswan] Direktorat Jendral Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. 2019. Pemerintah dorong perbaikan kualitas dan kuantitas susu nasional [internet]. Tersedia pada: http://ditjennak.pertanian.go.id/pemerintah-dorong-perbaikan-kualitas-dan-kuantitas-susu-nasional
Anggraeny YN, Soetanto H, Kusmartono & Hartutik. 2015. Sinkronisasi suplai protein dan energi dalam rumen untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pakan berkualitas rendah. WARTAZOA. 25(3):107–116
Chanthakhoun V, Wanapat M & Berg J. 2012. Level of crude protein in concentrate supplements influenced rumen characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Livestock Science. 144(3):197–204.
Cherdthong A & Wanapat M. 2013. Manipulation of in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility by dried rumen digesta. Livestock Science. 153(1–3):94–100.
Colmenero JJO & Broderick GA. 2006. Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 89(5):1704–1712.
Conway E. 1957. Microdiffusion of Analysis of Association Official Analytical Chemist. Georgia (US): Georgia Press.
Despal, Permana IG, Safarina SN & Tatra AJ. 2011. Penggunaan berbagai sumber karbohidrat terlarut air untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase daun rami. Media Peternakan. 34(2):69–76.
Despal, Zahera R, Lestari DA, Ma’rifah H & Permana IG. 2015. Ketersediaan dan kualitas sumberdaya pakan musim kemarau dan dampaknya terhadap pemenuhan nutrien dan performa sapi perah di Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Sumedang (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan Berkelanjutan, Universitas Pajajaran
Dung DV, Shang W & Yao W. 2014. Effect of crude protein levels in concentrate and concentrate levels in diet on in vitro fermentation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 27(6):797–805.
Forejtová J, Lád F, Třináctý J, Richter M, Gruber M, Doležal P, Homolka P & Pavelek L. 2005. Comparison of organic matter digestibility determined by in vivo and in vitro methods. Czeh Journal of Animal Science. 50(2):47–53.
Hernaman I, Tarmidi AR & Dhalika T. 2017. Kecernaan in vitro ransum sapi perah berbasis jerami padi yang mengandung konsentrat yang difermentasi oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4). Majalah Ilmu Peternakan. 20(2):45–48.
Holik YLA, Abdullah L & Karti PDMH. 2019. Evaluasi nutrisi silase kultivar baru tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) dengan penambahan legum Indigofera sp. pada taraf berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 17(2):38–46.
Imran M, Pasha TN, Shahid MQ, Babar I & Naveed M. 2017. Effect of increasing dietary metabolizable protein on nitrogen efficiency in Holstein dairy cows. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 30(5):660–665.
Joo JW, Bae GS, Min WK, Choi HS, Maeng WJ, Chung YH & Chang MB. 2005. Effect of protein sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis using rumen simulated continuous culture system. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 18(3):326–331.
Law RA, Young FJ, Patterson DC, Kilpatrick DJ, Wylie ARG & Mayne CS. 2009. Effect of dietary protein content on animal production and blood metabolites of dairy cows during lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 92(3):1001–1012.
Leonardi C, Stevenson M & Armentano LE. 2003. Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 86(12):4033–4042.
Lestari DA, Abdullah L & Despal. 2015. Comparative study of milk production and feed efficiency based on farmer best practices and National Research Council. Media Peternakan. 38(2): 110-117
McDonald P, Edwards R, Greenhalgh J, Morgan C, Sinclair L & Wilkinson R. 2010. Animal Nutrition. Seventh Ed. London (UK): Pearson Education
McMurphy C, Duff G, Sanders S, Cuneo S & Chirase N. 2011. Effects of supplementing humates on rumen fermentation in Holstein steers. South Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 41(2):134–140.
Nadeau E, Englund J & Gustafsson AH. 2007. Nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows as affected by diet and milk yield. Livestock Science. 111(1–2):45–56.
NRC. 1978. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 5th Revised Ed. Washington (US): National Academy Press.
NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. 7th Revised Ed Washington (US): National Academy Press
Permana IG, Despal, Zahera R & Damayanti E. 2017. Evaluasi kecukupan nutrien, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah di peternakan rakyat. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Industri Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan IPB.
Saha S, Gallo L, Bittante G, Schiavon S, Bergamaschi M, Gianesella M & Fiore E. 2019. Rumination time and yield, composition, lactating holstein cows. Animals. 9(2):1–13.
Shahzad MA, Tauqir NA, Ahmad F, Nisa MU, Sarwar M & Tipu MA. 2011. Effects of feeding different dietary protein and energy levels on the performance of 12 – 15-month-old buffalo calves. Tropical Animal Health Production. 43(3):685–694.
Sucak MG, Serbester U & Görgülü M. 2017. Effects of dietary starch and crude protein levels on milk production and composition of dairy cows fed high concentrate diet. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology. 5(6):563–567.
Suharti S, Aliyah DN & Suryahadi. 2018. Karakteristik fermentasi rumen in vitro dengan penambahan sabun kalsium minyak nabati pada buffer yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 16(3):56–64.
Xia C, Aziz M, Rahman U, Yang H, Shao T, Qiu Q, Su H & Cao B. 2018. Effect of increased dietary crude protein levels on production performance, nitrogen utilization, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation of Holstein bulls. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 31(10):1643–1653.
Zahera R, Permana IG & Despal. 2015. Utilization of mungbean’s greenhouse fodder and silage in the ration for lactating dairy cows. Media Peternakan. 38(2):123–131
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Zahera, Rika, Dian Anggraeni, Zikri Aulia Rahman, and Dwierra Evvyernie. "Pengaruh Kandungan Protein Ransum yang Berbeda terhadap Kecernaan dan Fermentabilitas Rumen Sapi Perah secara In vitro." Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 18, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.v18i1.31547.
Full textAbstract:
The most of protein requirement for cows is fulfilled by microbial protein. Increasing the protein from ration usually influences the milk production in dairy cows. However, the availability of dietary protein should support rumen ecosystem through microbial activity in the fermentation and digestion process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein levels of dairy cow ration on the rumen fermentability and digestibility using an in vitro method. Randomized block design with three levels of protein ration as a treatment and three times taken of rumen liquor as a block. The treatments were: R1= ration with low protein; R2= ration with moderate protein and R3= ration with high protein. The measured parameters were rumen fermentability (total VFA, N-NH3 and pH), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The results showed that there were significantly increase in dry and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05), due to increasing the level of dietary protein, but there was no effect in the fermentability, except a slight increase in N-NH3 concentration. The conclusion of this study was the highest level of protein ration enhances the digestibility, and showed a tendency for higher N-NH3.
Key words: dairy cattle, dietary protein, digestibility, fermentability, in vitro
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
[Ditjennak-Keswan] Direktorat Jendral Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. 2019. Pemerintah dorong perbaikan kualitas dan kuantitas susu nasional [internet]. Tersedia pada: http://ditjennak.pertanian.go.id/pemerintah-dorong-perbaikan-kualitas-dan-kuantitas-susu-nasional
Anggraeny YN, Soetanto H, Kusmartono & Hartutik. 2015. Sinkronisasi suplai protein dan energi dalam rumen untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pakan berkualitas rendah. WARTAZOA. 25(3):107–116
Chanthakhoun V, Wanapat M & Berg J. 2012. Level of crude protein in concentrate supplements influenced rumen characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Livestock Science. 144(3):197–204.
Cherdthong A & Wanapat M. 2013. Manipulation of in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility by dried rumen digesta. Livestock Science. 153(1–3):94–100.
Colmenero JJO & Broderick GA. 2006. Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 89(5):1704–1712.
Conway E. 1957. Microdiffusion of Analysis of Association Official Analytical Chemist. Georgia (US): Georgia Press.
Despal, Permana IG, Safarina SN & Tatra AJ. 2011. Penggunaan berbagai sumber karbohidrat terlarut air untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase daun rami. Media Peternakan. 34(2):69–76.
Despal, Zahera R, Lestari DA, Ma’rifah H & Permana IG. 2015. Ketersediaan dan kualitas sumberdaya pakan musim kemarau dan dampaknya terhadap pemenuhan nutrien dan performa sapi perah di Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Sumedang (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan Berkelanjutan, Universitas Pajajaran
Dung DV, Shang W & Yao W. 2014. Effect of crude protein levels in concentrate and concentrate levels in diet on in vitro fermentation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 27(6):797–805.
Forejtová J, Lád F, Třináctý J, Richter M, Gruber M, Doležal P, Homolka P & Pavelek L. 2005. Comparison of organic matter digestibility determined by in vivo and in vitro methods. Czeh Journal of Animal Science. 50(2):47–53.
Hernaman I, Tarmidi AR & Dhalika T. 2017. Kecernaan in vitro ransum sapi perah berbasis jerami padi yang mengandung konsentrat yang difermentasi oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4). Majalah Ilmu Peternakan. 20(2):45–48.
Holik YLA, Abdullah L & Karti PDMH. 2019. Evaluasi nutrisi silase kultivar baru tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) dengan penambahan legum Indigofera sp. pada taraf berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 17(2):38–46.
Imran M, Pasha TN, Shahid MQ, Babar I & Naveed M. 2017. Effect of increasing dietary metabolizable protein on nitrogen efficiency in Holstein dairy cows. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 30(5):660–665.
Joo JW, Bae GS, Min WK, Choi HS, Maeng WJ, Chung YH & Chang MB. 2005. Effect of protein sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis using rumen simulated continuous culture system. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 18(3):326–331.
Law RA, Young FJ, Patterson DC, Kilpatrick DJ, Wylie ARG & Mayne CS. 2009. Effect of dietary protein content on animal production and blood metabolites of dairy cows during lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 92(3):1001–1012.
Leonardi C, Stevenson M & Armentano LE. 2003. Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 86(12):4033–4042.
Lestari DA, Abdullah L & Despal. 2015. Comparative study of milk production and feed efficiency based on farmer best practices and National Research Council. Media Peternakan. 38(2): 110-117
McDonald P, Edwards R, Greenhalgh J, Morgan C, Sinclair L & Wilkinson R. 2010. Animal Nutrition. Seventh Ed. London (UK): Pearson Education
McMurphy C, Duff G, Sanders S, Cuneo S & Chirase N. 2011. Effects of supplementing humates on rumen fermentation in Holstein steers. South Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 41(2):134–140.
Nadeau E, Englund J & Gustafsson AH. 2007. Nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows as affected by diet and milk yield. Livestock Science. 111(1–2):45–56.
NRC. 1978. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 5th Revised Ed. Washington (US): National Academy Press.
NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. 7th Revised Ed Washington (US): National Academy Press
Permana IG, Despal, Zahera R & Damayanti E. 2017. Evaluasi kecukupan nutrien, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah di peternakan rakyat. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Industri Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan IPB.
Saha S, Gallo L, Bittante G, Schiavon S, Bergamaschi M, Gianesella M & Fiore E. 2019. Rumination time and yield, composition, lactating holstein cows. Animals. 9(2):1–13.
Shahzad MA, Tauqir NA, Ahmad F, Nisa MU, Sarwar M & Tipu MA. 2011. Effects of feeding different dietary protein and energy levels on the performance of 12 – 15-month-old buffalo calves. Tropical Animal Health Production. 43(3):685–694.
Sucak MG, Serbester U & Görgülü M. 2017. Effects of dietary starch and crude protein levels on milk production and composition of dairy cows fed high concentrate diet. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology. 5(6):563–567.
Suharti S, Aliyah DN & Suryahadi. 2018. Karakteristik fermentasi rumen in vitro dengan penambahan sabun kalsium minyak nabati pada buffer yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 16(3):56–64.
Xia C, Aziz M, Rahman U, Yang H, Shao T, Qiu Q, Su H & Cao B. 2018. Effect of increased dietary crude protein levels on production performance, nitrogen utilization, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation of Holstein bulls. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 31(10):1643–1653.
Zahera R, Permana IG & Despal. 2015. Utilization of mungbean’s greenhouse fodder and silage in the ration for lactating dairy cows. Media Peternakan. 38(2):123–131
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Castell, John. "Farming the waters: Bringing aquatic plant and animal species to agriculture." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-102.
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Aquaculture has a long history, with carp culture in Asia starting before 2000 BC and oyster culture in the Roman Empire before the time of Julius Caesar. However, it is clearly the past 40 yr that have seen the most dramatic expansion of aquaculture. The world's population now exceeds 6 billion people and is still growing at an alarming rate. The world's wild fish harvest has clearly peaked at or above the maximum sustainable yield of about 90 million t. Many fish stocks are suffering from over-fishing and there is little hope of any increase in the capture fisheries production. Though modern agricultural practices have been very efficient at increasing the per acre yields, the world is experiencing an alarmingly steady decrease in the amount of agricultural land devoted to food production. In the past 20–30 yr production of fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants (aquaculture) has become an increasingly important means of producing food, and in some countries aquaculture production accounts for more than half of the total fishery harvest and is even as high as 90% in a few countries. I have reviewed the historical growth of aquaculture, compared the product value in various countries and reviewed aquaculture practices for a number of plant, molluscan, crustacean and fish species around the world. These culture technologies were compared and contrasted with agricultural practices. Finally, some predictions for the future of aquaculture development in Canada and the world have been made. Key words: Canadian aquaculture, history, salmon, fish farming, production statistics, fish culture technology
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DUMAS, A., J. DIJKSTRA, and J. FRANCE. "Mathematical modelling in animal nutrition: a centenary review." Journal of Agricultural Science 146, no. 2 (February 21, 2008): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859608007703.
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SUMMARYA centenary review presents an opportunity to ponder over the processes of concept development and give thought to future directions. The current review aims to ascertain the ontogeny of current concepts, underline the connection between ideas and people and pay tribute to those pioneers who have contributed significantly to modelling in animal nutrition. Firstly, the paper draws a brief portrait of the use of mathematics in agriculture and animal nutrition prior to 1925. Thereafter, attention turns towards the historical development of growth modelling, feed evaluation systems and animal response models. Introduction of the factorial and compartmental approaches into animal nutrition is noted along with the particular branches of mathematics encountered in various models. Furthermore, certain concepts, especially bioenergetics or the heat doctrine, are challenged and alternatives are reviewed. The current state of knowledge of animal nutrition modelling results mostly from the discernment and unceasing efforts of our predecessors rather than serendipitous discoveries. The current review may stimulate those who wish for greater understanding and appreciation.
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Ciesiołka, Danuta, Piotr Gulewicz, Cristina Martinez-Villaluenga, Radosław Pilarski, Marek Bednarczyk, and Krzysztof Gulewicz. "Products and Biopreparations from Alkaloid-rich Lupin in Animal Nutrition and Ecological Agriculture." Folia Biologica 53, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/173491605775789443.
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Nitu, Iulia. "Importance of Red Clover Culture in the Context of Sustainable Agriculture System." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agr-2017-0015.
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Abstract In the context of rising food requirements regarding quality and food safety, it is necessary to obtain high quality of animal productions. In this respect, one of the most important factors which participate in the formation of animal production quality is the quality of feed administered in animal feeding. For this reason, in the present workpaper we intend to study applied technology to improve the quality of red clover for obtaining high forage and quality production in a sustainable agricultural system. The objectives of this workpaper is to develop solutions for integrating culture of red clover in a sustainable agriculture system, respectively, exploiting of local resources fertilizer, reducing inputs in culture system of fodder in Plain Targoviste, exploiting the potential of improve soil fertility by growing the fodder.
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Chen, Daiwen. "Environmental Challenges of Animal Agriculture and the Role and Task of Animal Nutrition in Environmental Protection - Review -." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.423.
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Fynn, R. Peter, W. L. Roller, and H. M. Keener. "A decision model for nutrition management in controlled environment agriculture." Agricultural Systems 31, no. 1 (January 1989): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(89)90011-5.
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Barlow, Colin. "Book review: Dry Area Agriculture, Food Science and Human Nutrition." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 2 (June 1987): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600209.
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Ruttan, Vernon W. "Productivity Growth in World Agriculture: Sources and Constraints." Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533002320951028.
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During the last half-century, advances in crop production came from expansion in areas irrigated from more intensive application of fertilizers and crop protection chemicals, and from crop varieties that were more responsive to technical inputs and management. Advances in animal production came from genetic improvements and advances in animal nutrition. Differences among developed and developing countries in output per hectare and per worker have widened. If these gaps are to be narrowed agricultural research capacity in developing countries will have to be substantially strengthened.
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Ekmay, Ricardo. "106 Agriculture Residues as a Possible Sustainable Approach to Replacing Antibiotics in Animal Nutrition." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.168.
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Abstract The last several years has seen a substantial increase in the investment and development of alternative proteins to lower the environmental footprint of animal agriculture. In addition to insects, single cell proteins (SCP), i.e. algae, bacteria, yeast, have received renewed attention due to their ability to utilize unconventional carbon feedstocks. Traditionally, conventional sugar streams such as corn syrup or molasses have been used for cultivation of SCP. However, algal and bacterial meals are looked at as potential solutions for industrial carbon waste such as carbon dioxide and methane. Yeasts have the ability to use pentose sugars that are found in lignocellulosic materials, i.e. agricultural and forestry residues. Much of the discourse surrounding these alternative protein sources has been on the environmental impact of their production, but less so on the impact of their use. In particular, the impact of single cell proteins on nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal health warrants attention. Nutritional value remains varied among SCP products and dependent on microbial strain and down-stream processes. Maintaining high protein digestibility, and reducing fermentable protein, as well as maintaining high phosphorus digestibility remains a critical nutritional and environmental strategy. Recent findings have indicated that the microbial strain and the carbon feedstock on which it is grown on may have an interactive effect on gastrointestinal health. In particular, yeast products can be characterized as generally anti-inflammatory, but cultivation on lignocellulosic residues appears to enhance these properties. Bacterial meals are known to contain pro-inflammatory components such as lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans, however, in some instances, they may also produce bioactive molecules that result in a net positive impact. It remains critical to evaluate alternative proteins in the context of whole animal health and consider the environmental impact of their use as well as their production.
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Bryden, Wayne L. "Food and feed, mycotoxins and the perpetual pentagram in a changing animal production environment." Animal Production Science 52, no. 7 (2012): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12073.
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G. L. McClymont developed a unique paradigm in which to consider the challenges that confront agriculture and it is based on an understanding of the interrelationships of plants, animals, soils and water within an economic and social framework. The major changes in our environment are the consequence of rapid population growth and the need to increase world food supplies. Within this context, this paper provides an overview of the link between agriculture, especially animal production and population health and how mycotoxins, fungal secondary metabolites, can perturb this link. Examples from New Zealand and Australian animal agriculture are described. The underlying premise of this paper is that agriculture is a major determinant of human health through the supply of food derived from both plant and animal sources. In other words, nutrition is the conduit between agriculture and human health. Against this backdrop the potential role of mycotoxins in determining food and feed supplies is discussed. Globally, mycotoxins have significant human and animal health, economic and international trade implications.
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Timler, Carl, Stéphanie Alvarez, Fabrice DeClerck, Roseline Remans, Jessica Raneri, Natalia Estrada Carmona, Nester Mashingaidze, et al. "Exploring solution spaces for nutrition-sensitive agriculture in Kenya and Vietnam." Agricultural Systems 180 (April 2020): 102774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102774.
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Rojas-Ferrer, Isabel, and Julie Morand-Ferron. "The impact of learning opportunities on the development of learning and decision-making: an experiment with passerine birds." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1803 (June 2020): 20190496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0496.
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Developmental context has been shown to influence learning abilities later in life, namely through experiments with nutritional and/or environmental constraints (i.e. lack of enrichment). However, little is known about the extent to which opportunities for learning affect the development of animal cognition, even though such opportunities are known to influence human cognitive development. We exposed young zebra finches ( Taenopygia guttata ) ( n = 26) to one of three experimental conditions, i.e. an environment where (i) colour cues reliably predicted the presence of food (associative learning), (ii) a combination of two-colour cues reliably predicted the presence of food (conditional learning), or (iii) colour cues were non-informative (control). After conducting two different discrimination tasks, our results showed that experience with predictive cues can cause increased choice accuracy and decision-making speed. Our first learning task showed that individuals in the associative learning treatment outperformed the control treatment, while task 2 showed that individuals in the conditional learning treatment had shorter latencies when making choices compared with the control treatment. We found no support for a speed–accuracy trade-off. This dataset provides a rare longitudinal and experimental examination of the effect of predictive versus non-predictive cues during development on the cognition of adult animals. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Life history and learning: how childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and culture in humans and other animals’.
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Małażewska, Sylwia, and Edyta Gajos. "ANIMAL WELFARE AS A PUBLIC GOOD IN POLISH OPINION." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 6 (January 10, 2018): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7921.
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The topic of public goods in agriculture has become a very important and widely discussed subject in recent years. The demand for public goods generated by agriculture results from the expectations of the whole society, and the goods themselves are considered as a part of public health. Accordingly, in this study an attempt was made to determine the importance of animal welfare, as an example of the public goods generated by agriculture, to the Polish citizens and its determinants. Empirical studies were conducted in the second quarter of 2017 on a representative sample of 500 Polish citizens. It was found that people in Poland generally rate animal welfare very highly (average score 88.43 on a scale of 0-100) and that there is a statistical difference in the assessment of the importance of animal welfare on grounds of interest in healthy food, the number of people in the household and sensitivity to the beauty of nature. Additionally, factors determining the importance of animal welfare include: consuming organic food, interest in culture, interest in fashion, sex, age and smoking.
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Twine, Richard. "Emissions from Animal Agriculture—16.5% Is the New Minimum Figure." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 6276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116276.
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Knowledge production within the climate sciences is quickly taken up by multiple stakeholders, reproduced in scientific citation and the broader culture, even when it is no longer accurate. This article accomplishes two goals: firstly, it contributes to the clarification of the quantification of emissions from animal agriculture, and secondly, it considers why the dominant framing of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) on this subject focuses on maximizing production efficiency. Specifically, analysing the FAO’s own work on this topic shows that the often-used FAO estimate that emissions from animal agriculture amount to 14.5% of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is now out of date. In returning to the FAO’s own explanation of its data sources and its more recent analysis of emissions from animal agriculture, this article finds that the figure of minimum estimate should be updated to 16.5%. The tendency of the FAO to prioritize a technological approach focused on making animal production more “eco-efficient” is critically examined in light of many other evidence-based calls for reductions in animal consumption. An explanation for this FAO approach is offered in terms of a type of epistemological bias.
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Ballesteros-Torres, Juan M., Luis Samaniego-Moreno, Ricardo Gomez-Flores, Reyes S. Tamez-Guerra, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla, and Patricia Tamez-Guerra. "Amino acids and acylcarnitine production by Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae from wastewater culture." PeerJ 7 (December 3, 2019): e7977. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7977.
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Background Microalgae are a widely distributed group of prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms that use a number of substances present in wastewater to produce a variety of biotechnological and nutritional biomolecules. Methods Production ofamino acids and acylcarnitine by Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sorokiniana was determined after 13 d of culture in wastewater, under various culture conditions. Wastewater was collected from “La Encantada” stream, located in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Microalgae was cultured at 23°C and natural day light, including the use of the following conditions: (1) extra light (12:12 light:dark cycles, 1,380 lumens), (2) agitation (130 rpm), and (3) both conditions, until exponential phase. Supernatant products were then analyzed by liquid chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry. In addition, metabolomic profiles related to growing conditions were evaluated. Results Amino acids and acylcarnitine production by C. sorokiniana and C. vulgaris resulted in higher Ala and Leu concentrations by C. vulgaris compared with control, where control produced Gly and Pro in higher amounts compared with C. sorokiniana. Tyr, Phe, Val, and Cit were detected in lower amounts under light and shaking culture conditions. High concentrations of C0 acylcarnitines were produced by both microalgae compared with control, where C. sorokiniana production was independent of culture conditions, whereas C. vulgaris one was stimulated by shaking. C4 production was higher by C. sorokiniana compared with control. Furthermore, C4, C6DC, C14:1, C14:2, and C18:1OH production by microalga was low in all culture conditions. Conclusion Microalgae produced essential amino acids and nutritionally important carnitines from wastewater. In addition, C. sorokiniana biomass has higher potential as animal nutrient supplement, as compared with that of C. vulgaris.
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Dilger, Ryan N. "195 Nutritional Influences on Brain and Cognitive Development." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.014.
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Abstract Nutrient ingestion during the prenatal and early-postnatal periods has profound effects on the developing brain and serves to shape the behaviors of young pigs. The pig is a versatile animal model for research in both the agriculture and human clinical realms, largely based on similarities in patterns of structural brain development between these species. Validated and sensitive neuroimaging techniques and assays for testing specific behaviors exist for the pig. While these readouts refer to cognitive performance indicators in the human context, the same behavioral measurements may refer to welfare states in animal agriculture. Recent nutrition studies, including those involving interactions with the intestinal microbiota, confirm the importance of early-life ingestion of iron, choline, milk-derived components, and even non-digestible fiber sources in shaping pig brain development and behaviors. Importantly, dietary patterns of the young pig can either support or hinder brain development and associated behaviors relative to age-matched controls. There are many advantages to translating evidence from pediatric nutrition research to animal agriculture by integrating outcomes related to the microbiota, gut-brain axis, and processes associated with cognitive function and brain development. Thus, studying the relationship between nutrition and neurodevelopment should be considered as an essential part of swine production.
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Pospíšková, Pavla, Gabriela Zorníková, Miroslava Kolářová, Zbyšek Sládek, Tomáš Komprda, and Jana Geršiová. "Effect of probiotics in the pig nutrition on the pathogenic bacteria counts in the gut." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 6 (2013): 1839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361061839.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a probiotic culture in the digestive tract of sows. Two groups of healthy sows with 40 animals each were fed a standard feed three weeks after weaning. From the beginning of the fourth week (day 0), one group received the same diet enriched with the probiotic monoculture ofEnterococcus faeciumSF 68, the second (control) group was given the same diet without probiotics. The samples of faeces were collected (to the sterile containers) at days 0, 15, 30 (end of the probiotic consumption) and 40 (end of the wash-out period), respectively. In the probiotic group, significant decrease (P < 0.05) of numbers ofE. coliandClostridiumspp. in faeces was found. The results indicate a positive effect of probiotics consumption on the digestive tract of sows and it can be used for a decrease of the incidence of the diarrhoeic diseases that are frequent in the pig husbandry.
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Mordenti, Attilio Luigi, Elisa Giaretta, Luca Campidonico, Paola Parazza, and Andrea Formigoni. "A Review Regarding the Use of Molasses in Animal Nutrition." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010115.
Full textAbstract:
In the past fifty years, agriculture, and particularly livestock production, has become more resource-intensive, with negative implications regarding world environmental status. Currently, the circular economy 3R principles (to reduce, reuse and recycle materials) can offer many opportunities for the agri-food industry to become more resource-efficient. The closed-loop agri-food supply chain has the great potential of reducing environmental and economic costs, which result from food waste disposal. To meet these principles, the use of crop byproducts, such as molasses, in animal nutrition improves the nutritive value of coarse and poorly desired feedstuff, which could present a real opportunity. The aims of this study were to summarize the possible applications of molasses for animal nutrition, to improve hay and silage quality for beef and dairy cattle, to enhance industrial byproduct values using liquid feed in swine production, and to improve extensive livestock production with feed blocks. The study focused on both feed characteristics, based on molasses, and on ruminal fermentation of its carbohydrates; the techniques of the production, conservation and administration of molasses to animals have been widely described as being capable of positively influencing animal performance, milk and meat quality.
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Mordenti, Attilio Luigi, Elisa Giaretta, Luca Campidonico, Paola Parazza, and Andrea Formigoni. "A Review Regarding the Use of Molasses in Animal Nutrition." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010115.
Full textAbstract:
In the past fifty years, agriculture, and particularly livestock production, has become more resource-intensive, with negative implications regarding world environmental status. Currently, the circular economy 3R principles (to reduce, reuse and recycle materials) can offer many opportunities for the agri-food industry to become more resource-efficient. The closed-loop agri-food supply chain has the great potential of reducing environmental and economic costs, which result from food waste disposal. To meet these principles, the use of crop byproducts, such as molasses, in animal nutrition improves the nutritive value of coarse and poorly desired feedstuff, which could present a real opportunity. The aims of this study were to summarize the possible applications of molasses for animal nutrition, to improve hay and silage quality for beef and dairy cattle, to enhance industrial byproduct values using liquid feed in swine production, and to improve extensive livestock production with feed blocks. The study focused on both feed characteristics, based on molasses, and on ruminal fermentation of its carbohydrates; the techniques of the production, conservation and administration of molasses to animals have been widely described as being capable of positively influencing animal performance, milk and meat quality.