Relevant bibliographies by topics / Animal Exchange

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Animal Exchange'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Animal Exchange"

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Boutilier, Robert G. "Control of arrhythmic breathing in bimodal breathers: Amphibia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-002.

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Amphibians employ a system of gas exchange whereby various combinations of the lungs, gills, and skin are used to exploit gas exchanges in both air and water (bimodal breathing). Continuous lung ventilation is rarely observed in these animals. Instead, the dominant breath pattern is arrhythmic in nature and is believed to have evolved in response to a periodic need to supplement aquatic gas exchange. Such a need is largely dependent on the activity state of the animal concerned and its capacity for aquatic gas exchange. The overall control system appears to be one that turns lung ventilation on and off by trigger signals arising from chemo- and mechano-sensitive receptors responding to changing conditions during periods of breath holding and breathing. In amphibians in which the aquatic exchanger is a major avenue for CO2 elimination, [Formula: see text] levels in the lungs and blood do not change substantially in the latter stages of a breath hold. Under these conditions falling levels of oxygen may be the primary stimulus to terminate the breath hold and initiate breathing. There is, however, some interaction between the two gases since elevated CO2 levels affect the sensitivity of the predominantly O2-mediated response. Another major component in determining air-breathing patterns in these animals is their ability to delay the onset of breathing when certain behavioural activities take precedence over the need for additional gas exchange.
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De Grauwe, Paul, and Pablo Rovira Kaltwasser. "Animal spirits in the foreign exchange market." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 36, no. 8 (August 2012): 1176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2012.03.008.

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Deng, Y. P., and B. Storrie. "Animal cell lysosomes rapidly exchange membrane proteins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 85, no. 11 (June 1, 1988): 3860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.11.3860.

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Tomasevic-Canovic, Magdalena, Aleksandra Dakovic, Vesna Markovic, and Dragan Stojsic. "The effect of exchangeable cations in clinoptilolite and montmorillonite on the adsorption of aflatoxin B1." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 66, no. 8 (2001): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0108555t.

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The adsorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by cation-exchanged clinoptilolite zeolitic tuff and montmorillonite was investigated at 37?C and pH 3.8 from an aqueous electrolyte having a composition similar to that of gastric juices of animals. Bothminerals were exchanged from the natural form to the sodium form and then to the Cu2+, Zn2+ and Co2+-rich forms. The cation exchange was different for the different cations, but in all cases the exchanges were larger on montmorillonite than on clinoptilolite. The degree of exchange on montmorillonite was 76 % for copper (from a total of CEC 0.95 meq/g, Cu2+ -0.73 meq/g) and 85 % for zinc and cobalt. Under the same conditions (concentration, temperature, pH, contact time), the degree of exchange on zeolitic tuff was 12 % for Cu2+ (from a total CEC of 1.46 meq/g, Cu2+ -0.17 meq/g), 8 % for Zn2+ and 10 % for Co2+. Both groups of mineral adsorbents showed high AFB1 chemisorption indexes (c?). For the montmorillonite forms, c? ranged from 0.75 for the Cu-exchanged montmorillonite to 0.89 for the natural Ca-form, 0.90 for the Zn-exchanged form and 0.93 for the Co-exchanged montmorillonite. The adsorption of AFB1 on the different exchanged forms of clinoptilolite gave similar values of c? for the Cu and Ca forms (0.90) and values of 0.94 and 0.95 for the Zn- and Co-exchanged form. The impact of the mineral adsorbents on the reduction of essential nutrients present in animal feed (Cu, Zn, Mn and Co) showed that the Ca-rich montmorillonite had a higher capability for the reduction of the microelements than the Ca-rich clinoptilolite.
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Schmitz, Oswald J., Christopher C. Wilmers, Shawn J. Leroux, Christopher E. Doughty, Trisha B. Atwood, Mauro Galetti, Andrew B. Davies, and Scott J. Goetz. "Animals and the zoogeochemistry of the carbon cycle." Science 362, no. 6419 (December 6, 2018): eaar3213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar3213.

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Predicting and managing the global carbon cycle requires scientific understanding of ecosystem processes that control carbon uptake and storage. It is generally assumed that carbon cycling is sufficiently characterized in terms of uptake and exchange between ecosystem plant and soil pools and the atmosphere. We show that animals also play an important role by mediating carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere, at times turning ecosystem carbon sources into sinks, or vice versa. Animals also move across landscapes, creating a dynamism that shapes landscape-scale variation in carbon exchange and storage. Predicting and measuring carbon cycling under such dynamism is an important scientific challenge. We explain how to link analyses of spatial ecosystem functioning, animal movement, and remote sensing of animal habitats with carbon dynamics across landscapes.
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Kinyua, P. I. D., and J. T. Njoka. "Animal exchange ratios: an alternative point of view." African Journal of Ecology 39, no. 1 (March 2001): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2001.00272.x.

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Liberati, Paolo. "ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF THE ROOFING DESIGN ON HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY COW HOUSING." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 39, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2008.4.1.

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A simulation model determining the heat flow exchange between housed animals and the roofing was developed considering various relevant factors: constructive materials, slope, height, orientation, latitude, external air temperature, solar load, animal position. Results show that the most important factor to reduce heat load is the insulation. For non-insulated roofing the slope and the orientation are the most relevant factors. Considering the total exchanged energy, the non insulated roof has a good nocturnal global behaviour.
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Varene, P., and C. Kays. "A graphic analysis of respiratory heat exchange." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1374.

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A new graphic representation of respiratory heat exchange is proposed using the concept of equivalent temperatures directly related to enthalpy values. On such a diagram it is possible to 1) compute the value of the heat exchange (delta H) knowing the inspired temperature (TI) and the partial pressure of water vapor (PIH2O) [or the relative humidity (rhI)] of inspired gas; 2) estimate the variation in delta H following a given variation in TI and PIH2O or, inversely, to choose the variation in TI and PIH2O necessary to obtain a given variation in delta H; 3) dissociate inspiratory and expiratory exchanges and to evaluate the efficiency of the respiratory heat exchange process in different environmental situations; and 4) easily compare the results of different studies published on respiratory heat exchanges in humans or other animal species.
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Schoenmakers, T. J., and G. Flik. "Sodium-extruding and calcium-extruding sodium/calcium exchangers display similar calcium affinities." Journal of Experimental Biology 168, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.168.1.151.

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Na+/Ca2+ exchange activities in purely inside-out and mixed inside-out and right-side-out fish enterocyte basolateral plasma membrane vesicle preparations display equal affinities for Ca2+, showing that only the intracellular Ca2+ transport site of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is detected in experiments on vesicle preparations with mixed orientation. Therefore, Ca2+ pump and Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity may be compared directly without correction for vesicle orientation. The Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity in fish enterocyte vesicles is compared to the activity found in dog erythrocyte vesicles. The calcium-extruding exchanger in fish basolateral plasma membranes shows values of Km and V(max) for calcium similar to those found for the sodium-extruding exchanger in dog erythrocyte membranes, indicating that differences in electrochemical gradients underlie the difference in cellular function of the two exchangers.
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Kamath, Ambika, and Ashton B. Wesner. "Animal territoriality, property and access: a collaborative exchange between animal behaviour and the social sciences." Animal Behaviour 164 (June 2020): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.12.009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal Exchange"

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Sanzà, Paolo. "The role of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rab3GEP in the regulation of Rab27a." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47834/.

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In mammalian cells vesicle transport is an important process, many diseases are caused by defects of trafficking. Key elements for organelle trafficking are Rab proteins which regulate this system. Rabs are GTPases and belong to the Ras superfamily proteins. Rab27a is one of the main actors of this process, it promotes the recruitment of secretory vesicles at the release site, the plasma membrane, by its role of interconnection between the vesicle and the motor protein myosin V. Dysfunction leads to disease such as Griscelli syndrome. Rab27a is a molecular switch, in the active state is able to bind effectors. The switching from the GDP-bound to the GTP-bound is catalysed by Rab3GEP. Furthermore, to function properly Rab27a has to be targeted to the organelle membrane, this function has been attributed to the guanine exchange factor as well. Rab3GEP contains a DENN domain (differentially expressed in normal versus neoplastic) at the N-terminus and a death domain at the C-terminus. Rab3GEP belongs to the family of DENN domain proteins, in general DENN domains are considered as domains with a guanine exchange factor activity. Down-regulation of this Rab3GEP in melan-a melanocytes induces to melanosome clustering at the perinuclear area. There is no knowledge about the mechanism of Rab3GEP in the activation and targeting of Rab27a to the vesicle membranes. To better characterise Rab3GEP protein, truncations and point mutations of this GEF were performed and they were tested in cell based assays (using melanocytes with Rab3GEP knock out) and in pull down assays (using the capacity to activate Rab27a as a read out of the GEF activity). Moreover, Rab3GEP wild type, and some mutants were mis-targeted from the cytosol (normal localisation) to mitochondria, in order to investigate their capacity to rescue melanosome distribution in melan-Rab3GEP KO cells and to examine their ability to re-target Rab27a to a different membrane organelle. Results reported in this thesis indicate that point mutations within the DENN domain impair the ability of Rab3GEP to rescue the melanosome disperse distribution and to activate Rab27a in vitro assay, suggesting the crucial role of this domain for the Rab3GEP activity. However, the DENN domain alone is not sufficient to rescue melanosome distribution and to activate Rab27a. This suggests an essential role of the other parts of the protein. Moreover, evidence in this thesis indicate that the cytosolic localisation of Rab3GEP is essential for the ability of Rab3GEP to rescue melanosome distribution, and that the targeting activity of Rab3GEP towards Rab27a is dependent on its GEF activity. However, evidence obtained by studying melan-Rab3GEP KO cells indicate that despite the important role of Rab3GEP in Rab27a activation/targeting, it is not essential.
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Rega, M. "Investigation of endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer effects with magnetic resonance imaging in various animal models of neurological disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1463928/.

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Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST), is an emerging Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique. CEST indirectly measures exchangeable protons contained in either endogenous or exogenous compounds by measuring the water signal reduction due to magnetisation exchange between these compounds and the surrounding water. CEST offers sensitivity enhancement compared to any method which directly measures these compounds. The complexity of the CEST signal in-vivo limits direct quantitative interpretation. However, the technique is inherently sensitive to a range of physiological parameters, such as temperature, pH and metabolite concentration. In order to investigate the relative importance of these different contributing factors, the work described in this thesis used the Bloch-McConnell equation system to model the CEST effect, for CEST sequence optimisation and data interpretation. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) phantoms were scanned with a CEST sequence and the results were compared to standard contrast methods (T1, T2). The CEST effects were correlated with changes in environmental pH, temperature and metabolite concentration. Next, a spectroscopic CEST sequence was implemented for spinal cord CEST and two models of neurodegenerative diseases were investigated. First, a model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), revealed no changes in the CEST signal over the time course of the disease; the finding matched post-mortem soluble protein concentration analysis. Second, a model of Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA), revealed no changes in the CEST signal of affected mice scanned at 10 and 12 months of age. However, changes in the CEST signal were observed in control mice and this again agreed with post-mortem protein concentration analysis. Finally, the potential for CEST to measure regional pH changes in a piglet model of Hypoxic Ischemia (HI) was investigated. CEST data were compared and found to agree with 31P MRS, measuring intracellular pH (pHi) and 1H MRS, measuring cerebral lactate levels.
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Slütter, Stefanie Maria [Verfasser]. "Approach to use the Engage Exchange Model for information management in crisis communication and animal disease control / Stefanie Maria Slütter." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043065792/34.

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LÓPEZ, LUJÁN MARÍA DEL CARMEN. "Development of a mobile open-circuit system based on indirect calorimetry for energetic metabolism studies in small ruminants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/50430.

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[EN] For many years energy needs of ruminants have tried to be known to formulate rations adjusted, but it has been found that there are a variety of factors that affect them. Therefore, lots of studies are needed for evaluating the effect of these factors. Consequently, the main objective of this Thesis was to design and validate a respirometry system based on indirect calorimetry, which would allow assessing energy needs of small ruminants accurately. It was intended from the beginning it was a mobile system and of relatively low cost. Furthermore, a methane gas analyzer was incorporated to this system, which allowed the measurement of emissions of this greenhouse gas and quantification of energy losses in the form of methane. Initially the system had connected a mask, which was placed on the animal's face. A sample of exhaled gas was stored in a gas collection bag which was connected to the analyzer, and it measured the concentration of O2, CO2 and CH4 from the air. The proper functioning of the system was checked by a pilot experiment with dry Murciano-Granadina breed goats fed at maintenance level. Later this system was improved. Some of the most important changes were the replacement of the mask by a head hood in which the animal introduced the whole head, and the development of software that recorded and kept automatically concentrations of O2, CO2 and CH4 in exhaled air. This improvement allowed gas measurements during longer periods of time and recording more data. These changes were also validated through a pilot test with dry Manchega breed sheep. Subsequently, three experiments were performed. One of them with dry Guirra ewes and the other two with Murciano-Granadina goats during mid lactation. Diets were mixed rations that differed in the inclusion of cereal or fibrous by-products. In these experiments the effect of diet was studied on digestibility, energy balance and carbon-nitrogen, oxidation of nutrients, rumen parameters and methane production; in the case of lactating goats, also on milk performance. The determination of the calibration factor for O2 (1.005 ± 0.0101) confirmed the proper functioning of equipment. Moreover, small differences between the heat production obtained by indirect calorimetry and the carbon-nitrogen balance (2% in sheep and 1% in goats) demonstrated that this system allows determining the heat production of the animals reliably and accurately. In the experiments of this Thesis have been estimated maintenance energy needs of two Spanish native sheep breeds, such as the sheep from the Guirra and Manchega breeds; net maintenance requirements were 270 kJ/kg BW0.75, on average. In the case of Murciano-Granadina breed goats, in the middle of lactation, the average utilization efficiency of metabolizable energy for lactation was 0.61.
[ES] Desde hace años se ha tratado de conocer las necesidades energéticas de los rumiantes con el fin de formular raciones ajustadas, pero se ha comprobado que hay una gran variedad de factores que les afectan; por ello son necesarios estudios que evalúen el efecto de estos factores. Como consecuencia, el principal objetivo de esta tesis fue diseñar y validar un equipo de respirometría, basado en calorimetría indirecta, que permitiese evaluar las necesidades en energía de pequeños rumiantes de forma precisa. Se pretendió desde el inicio que fuese un sistema móvil y de relativo bajo coste. Además, a este sistema también se le incorporó un analizador de gas metano, que permitía la medición de las emisiones de este gas de efecto invernadero y la cuantificación de las pérdidas energéticas en forma de metano. Inicialmente el equipo tenía conectada una máscara que se colocaba en la cara del animal. Una muestra del gas espirado era almacenada en una bolsa de recogida de gases que era conectada al analizador, el cual medía la concentración de O2, CO2 y CH4 del aire. Se comprobó el correcto funcionamiento del sistema mediante una prueba piloto con cabras de raza Murciano-Granadina secas, alimentadas a nivel de mantenimiento. Posteriormente este sistema fue mejorado. Algunos de los cambios más importantes fueron la sustitución de la máscara por una urna en la que el animal introducía la cabeza entera, y el desarrollo de un software que registraba y guardaba de forma automática las concentraciones de O2, CO2 y CH4 del aire espirado. Esta mejora permitía medidas de gases durante periodos de tiempo más largos y el registro de muchos más datos. Estas modificaciones también fueron validadas mediante una prueba piloto con ovejas de raza Manchega secas. Posteriormente se realizaron tres experimentos. Uno de ellos con ovejas de raza Guirra secas y los otros dos con cabras Murciano-Granadinas en mitad de lactación. Las dietas fueron raciones mixtas que diferían en la inclusión de cereal o subproductos fibrosos. En estos experimentos se estudió el efecto de la dieta sobre la digestibilidad, balances de energía y carbono-nitrógeno, oxidación de los nutrientes, parámetros del rumen y producción de metano; en el caso de las cabras en lactación, también sobre los rendimientos productivos. La determinación del factor de calibrado para el O2 (1,005 ± 0,0101) confirmó el buen funcionamiento del equipo. Por otro lado, las pequeñas diferencias entre la producción de calor obtenida mediante calorimetría indirecta y el balance de carbono-nitrógeno (2% en ovejas y 1% en cabras) demostraron que este sistema permite determinar la producción de calor de los animales de forma fiable y precisa. En los trabajos de esta Tesis se han estimado las necesidades energéticas de mantenimiento en dos razas de ovejas autóctonas españolas, como son las razas Guirra y Manchega; las necesidades netas de mantenimiento fueron 270 kJ/kg PV0,75, de media. En el caso del ganado caprino de raza Murciano-Granadina, en mitad de lactación, la eficacia media de utilización de la energía metabolizable para la lactación fue de 0,61.
[CAT] Des de fa anys s'ha tractat de conèixer les necessitats energètiques dels remugants a fi de formular racions ajustades, però s'ha comprovat que hi ha una gran varietat de factors que els afecten; per això són necessaris estudis que avaluen l'efecte d'estos factors. Com a conseqüència, el principal objectiu d'aquesta Tesi va ser dissenyar i validar un equip de respirometría, basat en calorimetria indirecta, que permetera avaluar les necessitats en energia de menuts remugants de forma precisa. Es va pretendre des de l'inici que fóra un sistema mòbil i de relatiu baix cost. A més, a este sistema també se li va incorporar un analitzador de gas metà, que permetia el mesurament de les emissions d'este gas d'efecte hivernacle i la quantificació de les pèrdues energètiques en forma de metà. Inicialment l'equip tenia connectada una màscara que es col·locava en la cara de l'animal. Una mostra del gas expirat era emmagatzemada en una bossa d'arreplega de gasos que era connectada a l'analitzador, el qual mesurava la concentració d'O2, CO2 i CH4 de l'aire. Es va comprovar el funcionament correcte del sistema per mitjà d'una prova pilot amb cabres de raça Murciano-Granadina seques, alimentades a nivell de manteniment. Posteriorment este sistema va ser millorat. Alguns dels canvis més importants van ser la substitució de la màscara per una urna en què l'animal introduïa el cap sencera, i el desenrotllament d'un programari que registrava i guardava de forma automàtica les concentracions d'O2, CO2 i CH4 de l'aire expirat. Esta millora permetia mesures de gasos durant períodes de temps més llargs i el registre de moltes més dades. Estes modificacions també van ser validades per mitjà d'una prova pilot amb ovelles de raça Manxega seques. Després es van realitzar tres experiments. Un d'ells amb ovelles de raça Guirra seques i els altres dos amb cabres Murciano-Granadinas en mitat de lactació. Les dietes van ser racions mixtes que diferien en la inclusió de cereal o subproductes fibrosos. En estos experiments es va estudiar l'efecte de la dieta sobre la digestibilitat, balanços d'energia i carboni-nitrogen, oxidació dels nutrients, paràmetres del rumen i producció de metà; en el cas de les cabres en lactació, també sobre els rendiments productius. La determinació del factor de calibrat per a l'O2 (1,005 ± 0,0101) va confirmar el bon funcionament de l'equip. D'altra banda, les xicotetes diferències entre la producció de calor obtinguda per mitjà de calorimetria indirecta i el balanç de carboni-nitrogen (2% en ovelles i 1% en cabres) van demostrar que este sistema permet determinar la producció de calor dels animals de forma fiable i precisa. En els treballs d'esta Tesi s'han estimat les necessitats energètiques de manteniment en dos races d'ovelles autòctones espanyoles, com són les races Guirra i Manxega; les necessitats netes de manteniment van ser 270 kJ/kg PV0,75, de mitja. En el cas del bestiar caprí de raça Murciano-Granadina, en mitat de lactació, l'eficàcia mitjana d'utilització de l'energia metabolitzable per a la lactació va ser de 0,61.
López Luján, MDC. (2015). Development of a mobile open-circuit system based on indirect calorimetry for energetic metabolism studies in small ruminants [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/50430
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Criscioni, Ferreira Patricia Fabiola. "Application of an open circuit indirect calorimetry system for gaseous exchange measurements in small ruminant nutrition." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/64069.

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[EN] The main objective of this Thesis was to study the energy metabolism in small ruminants under different nutrition sceneries. As methodology we utilized indirect calorimetry instead of direct calorimetry or feeding trials. Within indirect calorimetry we worked with a portable open circuit gas exchange system with a head hood. This open circuit respiration system permitted completed the whole energy balance and evaluate the efficiency of utilization of the energy of the diet for different physiological circumstances as milk production in dairy goats or maintenance in sheep. Besides, we could quantify in each trial some of the wastes related to environmental pollution as CH4 emissions and excretion of nitrogen in feces and urine. In this thesis three experiments were designed, two in dairy goats and other in sheep as we described below. In the first experiment, digestibility, energy balance, carbon and nitrogen balance, milk performance, rumen parameters and milk fatty acids and metabolites were obtained. Metabolic cages and open circuit indirect calorimetry system were the methods applied. Treatments consist in two mixed diets with alfalfa as forage. Within the concentrate, oat grain was replaced with rice bran. No significant differences were found for metabolizable energy intake (MEI), 1254kJ/kg of BW0.75 on average, and heat production (HP); 640 kJ/kg of BW0.75 on average. No differences were obtained for milk production (2.2 kg/d on average) and milk fat was greater in the rice bran diet (6.9% vs. 5.3% for rice bran and oat diets, respectively). Energy balance was positive and milk metabolites correlated these found. Regards to CH4 emissions, determined in vivo by gas exchange indirect calorimetry, goats fed the rice bran significantly reduced methane production (23.2 g/d vs 30.1 g/d). In the second experiment, we also used two types of diets, but in this case we substituted the forage and maintained the same concentrate; in one of the diets a grass (Maralfafa [Pennisetum sp.]- M diet) was used as forage and in the other an extensively used leguminous (Alfalfa [Medicago sativa]- A diet). Methods and analysis were the same that in Experiment 1, and here we include metabolites in urine and blood plasma. The dry matter intake was higher for diet A (1.8 vs 1.6 kg/d, respectively) and digestibility coefficients were higher for diet M. However, no significant differences were shown in MEI (1089 kJ/kg of BW0.75, on average) and HP (639 kJ/kg of BW0.75on average). Higher milk yield was observed in A diet than M diet (1.8 vs. 1.7 kg/d, respectively) and metabolites in urine, plasma and milk indicated better use of diet A than M, while no differences in milk composition were found (5% of fat and 4.3% of protein). Methane production was higher for A diet (28.5 g/d) than M diet (25.9 g/d), although these differences were not statistically significant. In the third experiment, energy partition was compared in two sheep breeds (Manchega vs. Guirra) fed above maintenance. We fed again with mixed diets and metabolic cages, indirect calorimetry, nitrogen balance and integral calculus were the tools used for these energy partitioning approach. An approximation of division of heat production was done. ME for maintenence was estimated at 354 kJ/kg of BW0.75and day, on average for the two breeds. Basal metabolic rate was different between breeds; 270 vs. 247 kJ/kg of BW0.75for Guirra and Manchega, respectively.
[ES] El objetivo principal de esta tesis fue estudiar el metabolismo energético en pequeños rumiantes bajo diferentes escenarios de nutrición. Como metodología se utilizó la calorimetría indirecta en vez de calorimetría directa o pruebas de alimentación. Dentro de la calorimetría indirecta trabajamos con un sistema portátil de circuito abierto de intercambio de gases con una "urna" (Heat hood). Este sistema de circuito abierto de respiración nos permitió completar todo el balance energético y evaluar la eficiencia de la utilización de la energía de la dieta para diferentes estados fisiológicos como producción de leche en cabras u oveja en mantenimiento. Además fue posible cuantificar en cada ensayo algunas perdidas relacionadas con la contaminación ambiental como emisiones de CH4 y la excreción de nitrógeno en heces y orina. En esta tesis se diseñaron tres experimentos, dos en cabras en lactación y otro en ovejas como describimos a continuación. En el primer experimento se han determinado, digestibilidad, balance energético, balance carbono nitrógeno, producción de leche, parámetros ruminales, ácidos grasos y metabolitos en leche. Jaulas metabólicas y un sistema de circuito abierto de calorimetría indirecta fue el método aplicado. Los tratamientos consistieron en dos dietas mixtas con alfalfa como forraje y dentro del concentrado el grano de avena fue reemplazado por cilindro de arroz. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la energía metabolizable ingerida (MEI) de 1254 kJ/kg PV0.75 en promedio y una producción de calor (HP) de 640 kJ/kg PV0.75 en promedio. La producción de leche no presentó diferencias significativas entre las dos dietas, (2,2 kg/den promedio), la grasa de la leche fue mayor en la dieta de cilindro de arroz (6,9% vs. 5,3% para cilindro de arroz y avena respectivamente). El balance energético fue positivo y correlacionado a los metabolitos en leche determinados. En cuanto a las emisiones de CH4, determinadas en vivo mediante el intercambio de gases por calorimetría indirecta, las cabras alimentadas con el subproducto redujeron significativamente la producción de metano (23,2 g / d vs 30,1 g / d.). En el segundo experimento, también utilizamos dos tipos de dietas, pero en este caso sustituimos los forrajes y mantuvimos el mismo pienso; en una de las dietas se utilizó como forraje una gramínea (Maralfafa [Pennisetum sp.] - dieta M) y en el otro una leguminosa de uso extendido (Alfalfa [Medicago sativa] - dieta A). Los métodos de análisis y análisis fueron los mismos que los utilizados en el Experimento 1, y se incluyeron además análisis de metabolitos en orina y plasma. La materia seca ingerida fue mayor para dieta A (1,8 vs 1,6 kg/d, respectivamente), los coeficientes de digestibilidad fueron mayores para la dieta M. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en MEI (1089 kJ/kg PV0.75, en promedio) y HP 639 kJ/kg PV0.75, en promedio). La producción de leche fue mayor en la dieta A que la dieta M, (1,8 vs. 1,7 kg/d, respectively) y los metabolitos en orina, plasma y leche indican un mejor aprovechamiento de la dieta A. No se presentaron diferencias en la composición de la leche (5% de grasa and 4.3% de proteína). La producción de metano fue mayor para la dieta A (28,5 g/d) que para la dieta M (25,9 g/d), aunque estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. En el tercer experimento se compararon la partición energética en dos razas de ovejas (Manchega vs. Guirra) en mantenimiento. Fueron alimentadas con dietas mixtas en jaulas metabólicas, calorimetría indirecta, balance carbono nitrógeno y cálculos integrales fueron las herramientas utilizadas para un aproximación de la partición energética. Se realizó una aproximación de división de producción de calor. El ME para mantenimiento se estimó en 354 kJ/kg PV0.75/ día, en promedio para las dos razas. Las diferencias en la tasa metabólica basal entre las razas fu
[CAT] El principal objectiu d'aquesta tesi va ser estudiar el metabolism energètic en xicotets ruminants baix diferents escenaris de nutrició. Com a metodologia es va utilitzar la calorimetria indirecta en compte de calorimetria directa o proves d'alimentació. Dins de la calorimetria indirecta treballarem amb un sistema portatil de circuit obert d'intercanvi de gasos amb "urna" (Heat hood). Aquest sistema de respiració de circuit obert ens va permetre completar tot el balanç energètic i avaluar l'eficiència de la utilització de l'energia de la dieta per a diferents circumstàncies fisiològiques com produccion de llet en cabres o manteniment en ovelles. A més va ser possible quantificar en cada assaig algunes perdues relacionades amb la contaminacion ambiental com a emissions de CH4 i l'excreció de nitrogen en femta i orina. En aquesta tesi es van dissenyar tres experiments, dos en cabres en lactación i un altre en ovelles com vam descriure a continuació. En el primer experiment s'han determinat,digestibilidad, balanç energètic, balanç carboni nitrogen, producció de llet, paràmetres ruminales, àcids grassos i metabòlits en llet. Gàbies metabòliques i un sistema de circuit obert de calorimetria indirecta va ser el mètode aplicat. Els tractaments van consistir en dues dietes mixtes amb alfals com a farratge i dins del concentrat el gra de civada va ser reemplaçat per cilindre d'arròs. No es van trobar diferències significatives en l'energia metabolizable ingerida (MEI) de 1254 kJ/kg PV0.75 en mitjana i una producció de calor (HP) de 640 kJ/kg PV0.75 en mitjana. La producció de llet no va presentar diferències significatives entre les dues dietes, (2.2 kg/donen mitjana), el greix de la llet va ser major en la dieta de cilindre d'arròs (6.9% vs. 5.3% per a cilindre d'arròs i civada respectivament). El balanç energètic va ser positiu i correlacionat als metabòlits en llet determinats. Quant a les emissions de CH4, determinades en viu mitjançant l'intercanvi de gasos per calorimetria indirecta, les cabres alimentades amb el subproducte van reduir significativament la producció de metà (23.2 g / d vs 30.1 g / d.).En el segon experiment, també utilitzem dos tipus de dietes, però en aquest cas substituïm els farratges i vam mantenir el mateix pinso; en una de les dietes es va utilitzar com a farratge una gramínea (Maralfafa [Pennisetum sp.] - dieta M) i en l'altre una **leguminosa d'ús estès (Alfals [Medicago sativa] - dieta A). Els mètodes d'anàlisis i anàlisis van ser els mateixos que els utilitzats en l'Experiment 1, i es van incloure a més anàlisi de metabòlits en orina i plasma. La matèria seca ingerida va ser major per a dieta A (1,8 vs 1,6 kg/d, respectivament), els coeficients de digestibilidad van ser majors per a la dieta M. No obstant açò no es van trobar diferències significatives en MEI (1089 kJ/kg PV0.75, en mitjana) i HP 639 kJ/kg PV0.75, en mitjana). La producció de llet va ser major en la dieta Al fet que la dieta M, (1,8 vs. 1,7 kg/d, respectively) i els metabòlits en orina, plasma i llet indiquen un millor aprofitament de la dieta A. No es van presentar diferències en la composició de la llet (5% de greix i 4.3% de proteïna). La producció de metà va ser major per a la dieta A (28,5 g/d) que per a la dieta M (25,9 g/d), encara que aquestes diferències no van anar estadísticament significatives. En el tercer experiment es van comparar la partició energètica en dues races d'ovelles (Manxega vs. Guirra) en manteniment. Van ser alimentades amb dietes mixtes en gàbies metabòliques, calorimetria indirecta, balanç carboni nitrogen i càlculs integrals van ser les eines utilitzades per a un aproximació de la partició energètica. Es va realitzar una aproximació de divisió de producció de calor. L'EM para manteniment es va estimar en 354 kJ/kg PV0.75 / dia, en mitjana per a les dues races. Les diferències en la taxa metabòlica basal entre les races va ser de 2
Criscioni Ferreira, PF. (2016). Application of an open circuit indirect calorimetry system for gaseous exchange measurements in small ruminant nutrition [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/64069
TESIS
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Buck, Rachel Lynn. "Importance of Placement Depth in Evaluating Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Using Ion Exchange Resin Capsules in Semi-Arid, Low Fertility Soils." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4293.

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Ion exchange resin capsules provide a possible alternative to conventional soil testing procedures. Previous studies with semi-arid, low fertility soils observed poor relationships with poorly mobile nutrients such as phosphorus (P). We propose that placement depth may improve those relationships. Our objective was to (1) determine if placement depth could improve resin capsule estimation of the bioavailability of nitrogen (N), P, and sulfur (S) and (2) to determine if resin capsules can effectively estimate S availability in semi-arid, low fertility soils. Field sites were established in Rush and Skull Valleys, Utah on loam and sandy loam soils, respectively. Fertilizer was surface applied as ammonium sulfate and triple superphosphate with six N, P and S treatments (0, 5.5, 11, 22, 44 and 88 kg ha-1 of N and P2O5 and 0, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112 kg ha-1 of S). Thirty 4.0-m2 plots were established at each field location. Resin capsules were placed three per plot at 0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm deep in the soil and soil samples taken at respective depths. The capsules were removed and replaced after approximately 90 d. Final removal and soil sampling occurred approximately 240 d later. For the second study, fertilizer was surface applied as ammonium sulfate with six S treatments (0, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112 kg ha-1 of S) with one resin capsule placed in each 4.0-m2 plot at a depth of 5 cm in the soil. Resin capsules were removed and replaced approximately every 90 d for a total of four samplings. Soil samples were taken with every resin capsules install and removal. In the first study, bicarbonate extractable P was significantly related to P application at all depths and times except the two lowest depths at the time of final sampling, and resin capsule P was only related to P application 398 days after application in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm depths. However, this is an improvement in estimates of bioavailability compared to a single placement depth. The 5–10 cm depth was the best for placement for determination of NH4-N, and resin capsules improved upon soil test estimates. For NO3-N, depth was not important, but resin capsules had a stronger relationship with N applied than the soil test 398 d after application. In addition, both resin capsules and the S soil test were related to S applied, but resin capsules were more able to pick up S cycling through the system. In the second study resin capsules and conventional soil tests were both effective in distinguishing between fertilizer rates, though only the conventional soil test was related to S applied at the last sampling (366 d after fertilizer application). Overall resin capsules were effective at reflecting application rates, and may be a good tool to estimate nutrient bioavailability. Correlation with plant uptake is required to determine if soil tests or resin capsules were a better estimate of bioavailable nutrients.
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Funkquist, Pia. "Physiological responses to exercise in standardbred trotters with special reference to total blood volume /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5906-0.pdf.

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv.
Bilagan utgöres av sammanfattnig på svenska med titeln: Fysiologiskt svar på arbete hos varmblodiga travhästar i relation till total blodvolym. Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Amini, Adib. "Sustainable Energy and Nutrient Recovery from Swine Waste." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4977.

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Swine production represents approximately 40% of the world's meat production, and swine wastes contain high concentrations of organic matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Swine production is intensifying as meat demand increases and concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are becoming increasingly common, making it difficult to treat the waste generated. A system for holistic treatment of swine waste produced in CAFOs was investigated in this study that sustainably generates energy and recovers N and P as saleable fertilizers. The system uses anaerobic digestion (AD) for methane production and solids stabilization, followed by precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4*6H2O) and recovery of N by ion exchange onto natural zeolites. This process is expected to mitigate both eutrophication of receiving waters and greenhouse-gas emissions while generating products that meet agronomic nutrient demands; however, the economic and environmental sustainability remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate water quality and the fate of nutrients and ions in each step in the proposed system through pilot and bench scale experiments, (2) evaluate content/quality of struvite precipitates formed in wastewater treatment processes, (3) assess basic composition of zeolite materials that are being considered for use as IX materials, (4) quantify the environmental impact of the proposed system, and (5) estimate the economic benefits and costs of the proposed system. The results of a bench scale evaluation of the system show that although water quality greatly improves throughout the treatment process, the effluent water quality has high concentrations of COD (2,803 mg O2/L) and E. coli (106.3 CFU/100ml). This limits reuse options for the reclaimed water, however a variety of on-farm applications may be suitable. During struvite precipitation, the recovery efficiency of SRP was 87% (60 mg/L recovered); however, although measurements that take into account P in suspended solids show a lower recovery efficiency, they also show higher mass recovery (77% efficiency, 66 mg/L recovered). N recovery during struvite precipitation showed a similar trend, with 49% of TN and 7% of NH4-N being recovered. Struvite recovery can only occur from NH4-N and soluble reactive P. The additional recovery observed is likely due to adsorption of the nutrients onto the precipitate. Therefore, to accurately measure and report recovery, measurements of N and P that take into account suspended solids should be used. In most wastes, magnesium is the limiting constituent for struvite formation, but for swine AD effluents, P is the limiting constituent. Therefore, a higher soluble P concentration would increase recovery potential. The majority of the remaining N and P as well as a significant amount of potassium (K) were recovered during IX. Six struvites from commercial processes as well as our bench-scale experiments were assessed and compared by X-ray diffraction, SEM imaging, and SEM-EDX scans. All samples were confirmed as struvite by XRD, however they varied widely in crystal size and shape. The elemental composition of the samples was similar; however, struvite formed from phosphate mining waste had higher amounts Mg and P, indicating more pure struvite formation. The presence of impurities in some samples was likely due to the reactor design and solids separation methods. XRD was also used to confirm the identity of zeolites. Three clinoptilolites had similar crystal size and elemental composition except for Zeosand [reg] which showed a surface roughness, which likely contributes to higher cation exchange capacity. Chabazite has smaller crystal size and larger pores than clinoptilolite, which also likely contributes to its higher capacity. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the system and the results suggested that environmental benefits were provided across almost all impact categories. Two alternatives for raising the pH in struvite precipitation (NaOH addition vs. aeration) and two alternatives for zeolite IX materials (chabazite vs. clinoptilolite) were assessed, but there were negligible differences between alternatives. The system was also assessed at a medium and large scale, and the large scale was more environmentally friendly across all categories. Operational impacts were significantly greater than construction impacts; therefore, the environmental impact of the system can be accurately assessed by only including operation. A life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) was also performed on the system and showed a payback period of 39 years for a medium sized system and 15 years for a large size. This, however, is when compared to a "business-as-usual" scenario and does not consider renewable energy credits or government grants. Furthermore, although a larger system is more economically beneficial, this must be balanced with quality of animal care. From a cost standpoint, IX recovery using chabazite is not recommended and struvite precipitation using aeration is more economically beneficial than NaOH addition.
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Hokkanen, Jyrki. "Heat exchange in large animals." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329016.

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Kodramaz, Lindsay Ann. "The Information Exchange Between Parents of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate and Members of the Craniofacial Team." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1252099714.

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Thesis(M.A.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010
Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-01-28) Department of Communication Sciences Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Books on the topic "Animal Exchange"

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Newell, Jennifer. Trading nature: Tahitians, Europeans, and ecological exchange. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2010.

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Trading nature: Tahitians, Europeans, and ecological exchange. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2010.

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Kramer, Carl E. Pride in the past, faith in the future: A history of Michigan Livestock Exchange, 1922-1997. [East Lansing, Mich.]: Michigan Livestock Exchange, 1997.

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Milani, Myrna M. The body language and emotion of dogs: A practical guide to the physical and behavioral displays owners and dogs exchange and how to use them to create a lasting bond. New York: Morrow, 1986.

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Newell, Jennifer. Paradise exchanged: Tahitians, Europeans, and the trade in nature. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2010.

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National Institute of Child Health & Human Development Research Planning Workshop (1987 Bethesda, Md.). The onset of labor: Cellular and integrative mechanisms : a National Institute of Child Health & Human Development Research Planning Workshop, November 29-December 1, 1987. Ithaca, NY, U.S.A: Publisher and sole distributor, Perinatology Press, 1988.

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Bollig, Michael. Production and exchange among the Himba of northwestern Namibia. Ausspannplatz, Windhoek, Namibia: Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit, 1999.

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Sillitoe, Paul. Managing animals in New Guinea: Preying the game in the Highlands. London: Routledge, 2003.

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Sharan, Girja. Environmental control in greenhouse and animal houses with earth-tube-heat-exchangers in hot semi-arid North-West India. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management, 2009.

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Managing animals in New Guinea: Preying the game in the Highlands. London: Routledge, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Animal Exchange"

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Puga-Gonzalez, Ivan. "Exchange Behavior." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1565-1.

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Vidigal, João, Fabiana Fernandes, Ana S. Coroadinha, Ana P. Teixeira, and Paula M. Alves. "Insect Cell Line Development Using Flp-Mediated Cassette Exchange Technology." In Animal Cell Biotechnology, 15–27. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-733-4_2.

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da Silva, Roberto Gomes, and Alex Sandro Campos Maia. "Heat Exchange Between Animals and Environment: Aquatic Mammals." In Principles of Animal Biometeorology, 161–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5733-2_5.

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da Silva, Roberto Gomes, and Alex Sandro Campos Maia. "Heat Exchange Between Animals and Environment: Mammals and Birds." In Principles of Animal Biometeorology, 107–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5733-2_4.

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Vasi, J., R. Morenweiser, K. Eriksson, R. Lemmens, and S. Herzer. "Ion-Exchange Chromatography Based Strategies for Purification of Viral Vectors." In Animal Cell Technology Meets Genomics, 333–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3103-3_66.

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Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Tony Axelsson, Maria Vretemark, David Meiggs, T. Douglas Price, and Alistair Pike. "Complex Cattle Exchange in the Scandinavian Funnel Beaker Culture. The Case of Falbygden, Sweden." In Archaeologies of Animal Movement. Animals on the Move, 73–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68744-1_7.

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Fliegel, Larry, and Morris Karmazyn. "The Use of Transgenic Animal Models to Study Na+/H+ Exchange." In The Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger, 109–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0427-6_7.

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Pora, Hélène, and Chris Hall. "Use of Ion-Exchange Membrane Adsorbers for Production of Biopharmaceuticals." In Animal Cell Technology: From Target to Market, 466–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0369-8_113.

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Toole-Simms, W., I. L. Sun, F. L. Crane, D. J. Morré, and H. Löw. "Control of Sodium/Proton Exchange by Plasma Membrane Electron Transport." In Plasma Membrane Oxidoreductases in Control of Animal and Plant Growth, 419–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8029-0_59.

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Gauch, Simone, Ralf Hermann, Petra Feuser, Uwe Oelmüller, and Helge Bastian. "Isolation of Total RNA from Animal Tissue Using Anion-Exchange Chromatography (QIAGEN-tips)." In Molecular Tools for Screening Biodiversity, 64–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0019-6_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Animal Exchange"

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Liberati Paolo and Zappavigna Paolo. "The Influence of the Roof Characteristics on the Thermal Exchange in Animal Housing." In Livestock Environment VIII, 31 August - 4 September 2008, Iguassu Falls, Brazil. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25588.

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Veress, Livia, Tara B. Hendry-Hofer, Joan E. Loader, Jackie Rioux, Rhonda Garlick, and Carl W. White. "Normalization Of Impaired Gas Exchange And Elimination Of Mortality With Use Of Tissue Plasminogen Activator In Animal Model Of Plastic Bronchitis." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2490.

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Nadeau, Mathieu, Philippe Micheau, Raymond Robert, Jonathan Vandamme, Julien Mousseau, Renaud Tissier, Olivier Avoine, et al. "Lumped Thermal Model of a Newborn Lamb and a Liquid Ventilator in Total Liquid Ventilation." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40108.

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Total liquid ventilation (TLV) is an emerging and promising mechanical ventilation method in which the lungs are filled with a breathable liquid. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) is the predominant liquid of choice due to its high O2 and CO2 solubility. In TLV, a dedicated liquid ventilator ensures gas exchange by renewing a tidal volume of PFC, which is temperature-controlled, oxygenated and free of CO2. A fundamental difference between TLV and conventional mechanical ventilation relates to the fact that PFCs are approximately 1500 times denser than air. This high density provides PFCs with a large heat capacity, turning the lungs into an efficient heat exchanger with circulating blood. The originality of this study is the development of a lumped thermal model of the body as a heat exchanger coupled to a liquid ventilator. The model was validated with an animal experimentation on a newborn lamb with the Inolivent-5.0 liquid ventilator prototype. TLV was initiated with a fast hypothermia induction, followed successively by a slow posthypothermic rewarming, a fast rewarming and finally a second fast hypothermia induction. Results demonstrate that the model was able to aptly predict, in every phase, the temperature of the lungs, the eardrum, the rectum as well as the various compartments of the liquid ventilator.
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Abaid, Nicole, and Maurizio Porfiri. "Influence of Leaders on Mean Square Consentability in Biologically-Inspired Stochastic Networks." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6051.

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In this work, we study a discrete-time consensus protocol for a group of agents which communicate over a class of stochastically switching networks inspired by fish schooling. The network model incorporates the phenomenon of numerosity that has a prominent role on the collective behavior of animal groups by defining the individuals’ perception of numbers. The agents comprise leaders, which share a common state, and followers, which update their states based on information exchange among neighboring agents. We write a closed form expression for the asymptotic convergence factor of the protocol, which measures the decay rate of disagreement among the followers’ and the leaders’ states. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate analytical results and illustrate the consensus dynamics as a function of the group size, number of leaders in the group, and the numerosity.
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ŠADZEVIČIUS, Raimondas, Vincas GURSKIS, Rytis SKOMINAS, and Dainius RAMUKEVIČIUS. "THE REGIME OF COWSHED ENVIRONMENT AND GROUND SOILS TEMPERATURE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.071.

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The quantity and quality of milk depends not only on milking or milk storage equipment but also on cow's well-being. A cow lying on the animal bed gives a certain amount of heat, as intense heat exchanges occur on the ground through the floor. When lying, the blood in the cow’s udder flows more intensely. It is known that for the formation of one liter of milk 500 liters of blood should flow through the cow’s udder. The amount of milk is highly dependent from the micro-climate of the animal’s bed, during the rest of the cow. The poorly installed or inappropriately designed bearing bed’s floors do not meet the physiological needs of the animals from a thermal point of view, much more energy loss occurs. Often there are cases where cold-frozen animals suffer from various cold diseases and their productivity decreases. Therefore, no less attention should be paid to the cow’s bed floor. The article analyses the temperature regime of the base of the cowshed and the ground of its environment during the regular period. The structure of the cowshed building is energy-heated, with bearing vault structures. Cows are kept tied up in re-bars. The floor of the cowshed room is installed on the ground. The ground floor temperature is fixed in 3 boreholes under the floor and also in 3 wells near the cowshed ground. Temperatures were fixed up to 6 meters deep. The fields of distribution of the base of the cowshed and its ground temperature are established during the regular period. Analysis of the temperature of the base of the cowshed and its environment showed that the ground temperature is influenced by the amount of heat released by the animal, which transmits itself not only to the room, but also to the base ground through the floor of the bearing bed. Since the bed’s floor is installed on the ground, the amount of heat loss caused by the animal through the floor depends not only on the thermal properties of the floor, but also on the base ground temperature regime. Extremely intense heat exchanges through the base ground occur during the coldest period of the year.
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Lemus, Jeremy, and Subhradeep Roy. "The Effect of Simultaneous Auditory and Visual Sensing Cues in a Two-Dimensional Vicsek Model." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3277.

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Abstract Collective behavior refers to the group-level organization arising from interaction among individuals. To exchange information the individuals rely on their sensing modalities. Experimental studies provide evidence that the integration of information from multiple sensory modalities can influence animal navigation and social communication. In this paper, we present a modified Vicsek model with a composite sensing scheme that combines both auditory and visual sensing cues through the set of sensory neighbors. We investigate the combined effect of auditory and visual sensing on the group behavior compared to pure vision and audition using numerical simulation. We observe that taking the advantage of composite modality, the particles get access to more information that enables them to form a single large, cohesive, and perfectly aligned group using a narrow sensing region, which is possible in either vision or audition only using a wider sensing region.
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ISMAILOV, Ismail Sagidovich, Nina Vladimirovna TREGUBOVA, Rashid Hasanbievich KOCHKAROV, Anna Victorovna MORGUNOVA, and Natalija Alecseevna DRIZHD. "THE RELATIONSHEEP OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM WITH PRODUCTIVITY OF GROWING YOUNG SHEEP." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.125.

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A number of studies on digestion of the ruminants have shown the process of synthesis of all the essential amino acids in the rumen (Abu Fadel, 2004; Trukhachev, V., Zlidnev, N. 2008). However, according to some researches, microbial protein is deficient in methionine and lysine. This assumption also proves the need for further study of the influence of balanced amino acids to these diets on the growth, development and productive performance of the ruminants. Scientific approbation of the issues related to establishing the requirements of young sheep in lysine and methionine with cystine and development of recommendations for their proper balance in animal rations have been conducted along with a series of physiological, scientific and practical experiments. For this purpose, we used the following research methods: preparative, analytical, measuring and calculating. Zootechnical evaluation of young sheep’s diet with different levels of lysine and methionine with cysteine has been conducted, and influence of these components on growth, development, metabolism, the use of amino acids and wool productivity have been studied. The importance of studying the content of amino acids in plasma is evident because they are the indicators of protein metabolism in the animals’ organism and represent themselves the exchange fund when used in the biochemical transformations in the process of updating the protein of the body tissues and the synthesis of animal products. Increase in young sheep’s diet of lysine and methionine can improve their productivity, reduce the cost of feed energy and improve biochemical indexes of meat, taking into account the optimization of its amino acid composition. Efficiency increase of young sheep during the process of the individual development is linked to conditions of feeding and in particular the usefulness of a protein food, which is primarily determined by sufficient intake of essential amino acids - lysine and methionine with cystine. Thus, the inclusion in the diet of growing young sheep some amount of synthetic amino acids – 6–8 grams of lysine and 3–4 g of methionine per 1 fodder unit, enhances oxidation-reduction processes, increase productivity, i.e. wool yield and other indicators. The content of free amino acids in plasma directly depends on their availability in feed. The use of synthetic amino acids (lysine, methionine and cystine) contributed to the increase of their content in a free state in the blood serum, indicating their increased demand in sheep. With the use of different doses of synthetic amino acids (lysine, methionine, cystine) in the diets of young sheep it has been found that the organization of optimum conditions of feeding, care and management of sheep in winter season help to avoid abrupt changes in the structure of the skin, to ensure the normal development of the histological structure and morphogenetic processes.)
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Wray, S. A., A. F. Pascaner, J. A. Negroni, E. C. Lascano, and E. I. C. Fischer. "Augmentation Index in an Animal Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion and Heart Failure: a Preliminary Report." In 2019 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/ Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gmepe-pahce.2019.8717339.

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Pereira, A. J. F., T. C. F. V. Costa, A. Schanaider, M. A. von Kruger, and W. C. A. Pereira. "In vivo characterization of long-bone in animal model by ultrasonic reflection parameters: IRC and FSIR." In 2012 Pan American Health Care Exchanges (PAHCE 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pahce.2012.6233452.

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Pereira, A. J. F., D. P. Matusin, P. T. C. R. Rosa, C. B. Machado, M. L. Ferreira, A. Schanaider, M. A. von Kruger, and W. C. A. Pereira. "In vivo characterization of long-bone in animal model by two ultrasonic scattering parameters: AIB and FSAB." In 2011 Pan American Health Care Exchanges (PAHCE 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pahce.2011.5871925.

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Reports on the topic "Animal Exchange"

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P., DALLA VILLA. Overcoming the impact of COVID-19 on animal welfare: COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2020.nf.3137.

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The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) represents 182 countries with a focus on animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health. The OIE has several Collaborating Centres that support the work of the organisation. The Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘Giuseppe Caporale’ (IZSAM) is the Secretariat for the OIE Collaborating Centre Network on Veterinary Emergencies (EmVetNet). In April 2020, the IZSAM initiated a COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. The working group represented the EmVetNet Collaborating Centres, international institutions, veterinary associations, authorities and animal welfare organisations. Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine recruited summer research students whom catalogued over 1,200 animal welfare related reports and provided 64 report narratives for the working group. IZSAM launched the EmVetNet website (https://emvetnet.izs.it) for public and private exchange of information, materials, and guidelines related to veterinary emergencies. The EmVetNet COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare continues to meet to address emerging issues, strengthen the network for future emergencies, and share information with stakeholders including national Veterinary Services responding to the epidemic.
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P., DALLA VILLA. Overcoming the impact of COVID-19 on animal welfare: COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2020.nf.3137.

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The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) represents 182 countries with a focus on animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health. The OIE has several Collaborating Centres that support the work of the organisation. The Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘Giuseppe Caporale’ (IZSAM) is the Secretariat for the OIE Collaborating Centre Network on Veterinary Emergencies (EmVetNet). In April 2020, the IZSAM initiated a COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. The working group represented the EmVetNet Collaborating Centres, international institutions, veterinary associations, authorities and animal welfare organisations. Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine recruited summer research students whom catalogued over 1,200 animal welfare related reports and provided 64 report narratives for the working group. IZSAM launched the EmVetNet website (https://emvetnet.izs.it) for public and private exchange of information, materials, and guidelines related to veterinary emergencies. The EmVetNet COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare continues to meet to address emerging issues, strengthen the network for future emergencies, and share information with stakeholders including national Veterinary Services responding to the epidemic.
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