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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal glands'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Zakrevska, M. V., and A. M. Tybinka. "Histological characteristics of accessory adrenal glands of rabbits with different types of autonomous tonus." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 21, no. 93 (April 2, 2019): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9322.

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For the purposes of the adrenal gland’s study, 27 four months old male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) of Termond White breed were selected. Based on electrocardiography and variation pulsometry results, three types of autonomous tonus were determined in animals: sympathicotonia (ST), normotonia (NT) and parasympathicotonia (PS), which formed the basis for the division of animals into three groups. All rabbits were subjected to euthanasia and histological preparations were made from their adrenal glands. Apart from the main adrenal gland, accessory adrenal gland was detected in five purposes a

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2

Crossley, David A. "Animal salivary glands." Journal of Small Animal Practice 41, no. 9 (September 2000): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03238.x.

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3

Spencer, Thomas E., Andrew M. Kelleher, and Frank F. Bartol. "Development and Function of Uterine Glands in Domestic Animals." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 7, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115321.

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All mammalian uteri contain glands that synthesize or transport and secrete substances into the uterine lumen. Uterine gland development, or adenogenesis, is uniquely a postnatal event in sheep and pigs and involves differentiation of glandular epithelium from luminal epithelium, followed by invagination and coiling morphogenesis throughout the stroma. Intrinsic transcription factors and extrinsic factors from the ovary and pituitary as well as the mammary gland (lactocrine) regulate uterine adenogenesis. Recurrent pregnancy loss is observed in the ovine uterine gland knockout sheep, providing

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Grundmann, O., G. C. Mitchell, and K. H. Limesand. "Sensitivity of Salivary Glands to Radiation: from Animal Models to Therapies." Journal of Dental Research 88, no. 10 (September 25, 2009): 894–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034509343143.

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Radiation therapy for head and neck cancer causes significant secondary side-effects in normal salivary glands, resulting in diminished quality of life for these individuals. Salivary glands are exquisitely sensitive to radiation and display acute and chronic responses to radiotherapy. This review will discuss clinical implications of radiosensitivity in normal salivary glands, compare animal models used to investigate radiation-induced salivary gland damage, address therapeutic advances, and project future directions in the field.

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Dworzyńska, Agnieszka, Katarzyna Paduszyńska, and Lech Pomorski. "Autogenous transplants of adrenal fragments in an animal model." Polish Journal of Surgery 90, no. 4 (June 13, 2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8178.

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Introduction Adrenal insufficiency is a typical complication after surgical treatment of adrenal tumors, especially after the removal of both adrenal glands. Human beings are not able to survive without adrenal glands and without proper hormonal substitution. Autotransplantation of a fragment of the adrenal gland may prevent this complication. This can be done by transplanting the entire adrenal glands or its fragment, such as the adrenal cortex cells. In the case of adrenal tumors, the entire adrenal gland can not be transplanted. However, it is possible to transplant cells from the tumor-fre

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Cowan, F. Brian M. "Does the lachrymal salt gland of Malaclemys terrapin have a significant role in osmoregulation?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-225.

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Several reptiles possess glands capable of secreting fluids with sodium chloride as the major solute. Almost all studies have measured total sodium chloride secreted by these glands, not the concentration of ions. Thus, it has been difficult to evaluate the role of these glands in osmoregulation. The results reported herein on a large sample of Malaclemys terrapin indicate the lachrymal gland is capable of secreting tears with concentrations of sodium chloride exceeding 500 mM. However, the absolute amount of sodium chloride secreted and the generation of "free water" is relatively low, and th

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Wang, Yanli, Sihai Zhao, Liang Bai, Jianglin Fan, and Enqi Liu. "Expression Systems and Species Used for Transgenic Animal Bioreactors." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/580463.

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Transgenic animal bioreactors can produce therapeutic proteins with high value for pharmaceutical use. In this paper, we compared different systems capable of producing therapeutic proteins (bacteria, mammalian cells, transgenic plants, and transgenic animals) and found that transgenic animals were potentially ideal bioreactors for the synthesis of pharmaceutical protein complexes. Compared with other transgenic animal expression systems (egg white, blood, urine, seminal plasma, and silkworm cocoon), the mammary glands of transgenic animals have enormous potential. Compared with other mammalia

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González-León, Ezequiel, and Martha Patricia Ramírez-Pinilla. "The mental gland of Bolitoglossa nicefori (Caudata: Plethodontidae)." Amphibia-Reptilia 30, no. 4 (2009): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853809789647013.

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AbstractThe mental gland of the plethodontid salamander Bolitoglossa nicefori was examined by macroscopic observation and light microscopy and compared with morphological descriptions of other species of Plethodontidae. The mental gland is an oval shaped pad which develops exclusively in reproductive males. It is composed of 255 to 710 simple glands of merocrine secretion arranged in a dorso-ventral disposition. The outlets of the glands are spindle-shaped or fusiform. Negative stain reaction for AB and PAS is consistent with results of the glandular components of mental glands from other Plet

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Ness, Anthony, Doris Zeng, Alsu Kuznetsova, Alicia Otero, Chiye Kim, Kelsey Saboraki, Susan Lingle, et al. "Chronic wasting disease prions in mule deer interdigital glands." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): e0275375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275375.

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a geographically expanding, fatal neurodegenerative disease in cervids. The disease can be transmitted directly (animal-animal) or indirectly via infectious prions shed into the environment. The precise mechanisms of indirect CWD transmission are unclear but known sources of the infectious prions that contaminate the environment include saliva, urine and feces. We have previously identified PrPC expression in deer interdigital glands, sac-like exocrine structures located between the digits of the hooves. In this study, we assayed for CWD prions within the inter

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Luna, María Celeste, Carlos Roberto Vásquez-Almazán, Julian Faivovich, and Andrés Eduardo Brunetti. "Gland composition in sexually dimorphic skin structures of two species of Hylid frogs: Plectrohyla guatemalensis and Ptychohyla hypomykter." Amphibia-Reptilia 40, no. 4 (2019): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20191221.

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Abstract Secondary sexual characters form a diverse group of traits widely spread in amphibians. Within anurans, the Hylini tribe represents an interesting group to examine the evolution of this type of characters because it has different skin structure modifications, including ventrolateral glands, nuptial pads, and unique swollen upper lips. We analysed the skin gland composition in the upper lip of Plectrohyla guatemalensis and the ventrolateral gland of Ptychohyla hypomykter (Hylidae: Hylinae: Hylini). Each of these species is characterized by a different type of sexually dimorphic skin gl

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Brito, Pedro, Cíntia P. Targueta, Walquíria Arruda, Fernanda Santos, and Rogério Bastos. "The sexual dimorphic inguinal glands of the frog species Ololygon centralis (Anura: Hylidae) at light and transmission electron microscopy." Zoologia 36 (July 5, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e29356.

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The anuran skin characteristically has different types of glands, most of which are microscopic and are spread throughout the skin. Some species have specialized regions where glands agglomerate, forming macroglands. The description of the external morphology of Ololygoncentralis (Pombal &amp; Bastos, 1996) revealed the presence of an inguinal gland. Ololygoncentralis is the only species of the genus that has a macrogland. The present study found these inguinal macroglands to be present only on male specimens, thus characterizing it as a sexually dimorphic skin gland. Microscopic analysis

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Hidayat, Rachmat, and Patricia Wulandari. "Anatomy and Physiology of Animal Model Rats in Biomedical Research." Biomedical Journal of Indonesia 7, no. 2 (March 12, 2021): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bji.v7i2.287.

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A distinguishing feature of rodents, including rats, is the absence of canines and thepresence of prominent incisors. Rats are monophydontic, meaning they grow one setof teeth in their lifetime. The enamel of the rodent incisor contains iron, which givesit its yellow-orange color. Rats are mammals and as such, possess many similaritieswith other mammals. Only the peculiarities of the rat’s anatomy are addressed. Malerats reach puberty at 40 - 60 days of age. Descent of the testes usually occursbetween days 30 - 60. Sperm counts vary by strain. The male rat has an os penis.Male rats have the fo

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Sakulsak, Natthiya, Tomohiko Wakayama, Wiphawi Hipkaeo, Miyuki Yamamoto, and Shoichi Iseki. "Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Animal Lectin Expressed in the Rat Sublingual Gland." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, no. 11 (June 13, 2005): 1335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.5a6618.2005.

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We cloned a rat gene that is expressed primarily in the sublingual gland and named the predicted 503 amino-acid protein SLAMP (sublingual acinar membrane protein). SLAMP has 63% homology with human ERGIC-53-like protein, a member of the family of animal L-type lectins. Using a cDNA probe for SLAMP mRNA and rabbit antisera against SLAMP, we examined the expression and localization of SLAMP in major rat organs and tissues. With both Northern and Western blot analyses, abundant expression of SLAMP was demonstrated predominantly in the sublingual gland, with single sizes of the mRNA and protein 1.

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de Almeida, Pablo G., Flavia A. Felsemburgh, Rodrigo A. Azevedo, and Lycia de Brito-Gitirana. "Morphological re-evaluation of the parotoid glands of Bufo ictericus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)." Contributions to Zoology 76, no. 3 (2007): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07603001.

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Multicellular glands in the amphibian integument represent a significant evolutionary advance over those of fishes. Bufonids have parotoid glands, symmetrically disposed in a post-orbital position. Their secretion may contribute to protection against predators and parasites. This study provides a re-evaluation of the morphology of the Bufo ictericus parotoid glands. The parotoid gland integument of the medial surface shows rounded depressions with small pores that connect with the duct openings of the larger granular glands. Under light microscopic evaluation the integument is constituted by t

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Mouton, le Fras, Alexander Flemming, Michael Bates, and Chris Broeckhoven. "The relationship between generation gland morphology and armour in Dragon Lizards (Smaug): a reassessment of ancestral states for the Cordylidae." Amphibia-Reptilia 39, no. 4 (2018): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20181032.

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Abstract To substantiate the claim of a relationship between generation gland morphology and degree of body armour in cordylid lizards, we studied the nine species in the genus Smaug. We predicted that well armoured species in this clade will have multi-layer generation glands, and lightly armoured species two-layer glands. Gland type was determined using standard histological techniques after sectioning a glandular patch of one adult male per species. A total of 133 specimens were examined for data on tail and occipital spine lengths (which were used as indicators of armour). We found that sp

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Wada, Yasuhiro, Shigemi Nakajima, Ryoji Kushima, Shizuki Takemura, Naoko Mori, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Takahisa Nakayama, et al. "Pyloric, pseudopyloric, and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasias in autoimmune gastritis: a case series of 22 Japanese patients." Virchows Archiv 479, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-021-03033-5.

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AbstractThere are two types of pyloric gland-like metaplasia in the corpus of stomach: pyloric and pseudopyloric metaplasias. They show the same morphology as the original pyloric glands in H&E staining. Pseudopyloric metaplasia is positive for pepsinogen (PG) I immunohistochemically, whereas pyloric metaplasia is negative. Recently, spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) is proposed for pyloric gland-like metaplasia mainly in animal experiments. SPEM expresses trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) and is often considered synonymous with pseudopyloric metaplasia. We reviewed consecu

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Booth, W. D., E. Diane Williamson, and R. L. S. Patterson. "16-androstene steroids in the submaxillary salivary gland of the boar in relation to measures of boar taint in carcasses." Animal Science 42, no. 1 (February 1986): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100017839.

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ABSTRACTFifteen Large White boars were randomly allocated to three groups of five pigs. The boars were slaughtered over a period of time at one of three live weights: group 1 (pork weight), 63 to 68 kg (mean age 141 days), group 2 (bacon weight), 90 to 97 kg (mean age 203 days) and group 3 (heavy weight), 121 to 133 kg (mean age 268 days). Testes, bulbourethral glands, submaxillary salivary glands, blood and thoracic fat were taken from each pig and the glands weighed and steroids determined in extracts of the submaxillary glands, blood plasma and fat. Testosterone and the boar taint steroid,

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da Cruz-Landim, Carminda, and Silvana Beani Poiani. "Cephalic salivary gland ultrastructure of worker and queen eusocial bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." Animal Biology 59, no. 3 (2009): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075609x454935.

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AbstractEusocial bees present a pair of functional salivary glands in head, the cephalic salivary glands. These glands from workers and queens of two eusocial bee species, Apis mellifera and Scaptotrigona postica, were examined at different life stages using routine transmission electron microscopy techniques to correlate morphology and gland functions. Ultrastructural features of worker and queen glands ducts and secretory units were descriptively compared between species. The duct cells present basal plasma membrane invaginations reaching the apical region. Intercellular space and invaginati

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Rehorek, S. J., M. N. Hutchinson, and B. T. Firth. "Testing the orbital lubrication hypothesis: the Harderian glands in burrowing skinks (Reptilia: Squamata)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 4 (April 2009): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-021.

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The Harderian gland is an orbital gland thought to be a source of corneal lubricant, supplementary to the other orbital glands. This study investigated the possible role of skink Harderian glands in corneal lubrication. It was hypothesized that if these glands play a role in corneal lubrication, then the structure of these glands would be affected by structural orbital modifications. We examined the Harderian and lacrimal glands of five species of Australian skinks (Lygosominae), two of which possessed orbital modifications in the form of a transparent immoveable eyelid (spectacle) and skull r

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Brizzi, R., C. Calloni, and G. Delfino. "Tail base glands in European plethodontid salamanders with some comments on their biological and phylogenetic significance." Amphibia-Reptilia 12, no. 4 (1991): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853891x00013.

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AbstractBoth the males and females of Speleomantes flavus, S. genei, S. imperialis and S. supramontis possess gland clusters in the dorsal skin of the tail base, consisting of large, closely contiguous, serous or mixed units. Structural and ultrastructural investigations revealed consistent homogeneous features in the glands from the four species and obvious homologies between these and the serous and mixed cutaneous glands of the back skin. Seasonal changes were not observed in the secretory activity of the tail base glands. It is suggested on the basis of these findings that tail base glands

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Carvalho, Thaís Isabela, Julia Klaczko, and Veronica Slobodian. "Pectoral-fin glands and delivery apparatus in the catfish genus Brachyrhamdia Myers, 1927 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (August 24, 2021): e20216174. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.74.

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The Siluriformes, popularly known as catfishes, are probably the vertebrate group with the highest diversity of venomous animals, even though only approximately a hundred venomous catfishes are reported to date. Venomous catfishes might present a delivery system apparatus, formed by an unbranched ray at the leading edge of pectoral and dorsal fins (spine), which can be stiffened and pungent, while venom glands can be present at the surface of such spines and/or the axillary region. This work investigated the presence, morphology and distribution of glands and pectoral-fin delivery apparatus in

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DILEK, OMER GURKAN, ROSEN STEFANOV DIMITROV, KAMELIA DIMCHEVA STAMATOVA-YOVCHEVA, DAVID GOSPODINOV YOVCHEV, and RADOSLAV MIHAYLOV. "Importance for experiments in human medicine of imaging modalities for macroanatomical and histological study of rabbit suprarenal glands." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 75, no. 08 (2019): 6286–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6286.

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The morphological characteristics of the rabbit adrenal glands are currently investigated using routine imaging modalities. The aim of the study was to collect and interpret major findings and information in the literature on the rabbit as an animal model for investigations in humans. The suprarenal glands of thirty-four mature, clinically healthy New Zealand rabbits were studied using anatomical, routine histology, radiology, computed tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging methods. The results demonstrated that the rabbit suprarenal glands are paired ellipsoid organs. The

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Staddon, BW, MJ Thorne, and DW Knight. "The Scent Glands and Their Chemicals in the Aposematic Cotton Harlequin Bug, Tectocoris-Diophthalmus (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 35, no. 3 (1987): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9870227.

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In describing differences in morphology, developmental fate and secretion composition in the scent glands of the cotton harlequin bug Tectocoris diophthalmus we have sought to extend comparative knowledge of the scent gland system in the pentatomoid families within the Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Chemical investigation of the secretions was undertaken by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The following volatiles were detected: 2-hexenal, 2-hexenyl acetate and 2- octenyl acetate from the metathoracic scent gland (an adult gland); nonanal from the abdominal dorsal first gland (the

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Martínez-Alós, S., P. García-Corrales, and B. Cifrian. "Ultrastructural study of frontal glands in Bothromesostoma personatum (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-095.

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The frontal glands of Bothromesostoma personatum were examined using transmission electron microscopy. These glands have two types of rhabdoid gland cells; one type produces rhabdites and the other a different type of rod secretion (rhabdoids). The ultrastructure of the latter type is described, together with their origin. Long necks containing the rhabdoids emerge from the rhabdoid gland cell bodies and extend to the anterior end of the animal, where they release the rhabdoids. The rhabdoids are compared with the rhammites of other rhabditophoran species on the basis of their dye affinities,

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Salisbury, S., and M. S. Bauer. "Reconstruction of Distal Hind Limb Injuries in Cats Using the Caudal Superficial Epigastric Skin Flap." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 08, no. 02 (1995): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632436.

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SummaryFour cats were admitted for treatment of traumatic wounds distal to the tarsus. The caudal superficial epigastric skin flap was used to reconstruct each wound. In two cats, an initial flap that included all four mammary glands was attempted, but the segment of the flap that incorporated the first mammary gland underwent necrosis. Caudal superficial epigastric flaps that included mammary glands ## 2, 3 and 4 survived completely in three cats. In one cat the distal 3.0 cm, including the second mammary gland, underwent necrosis after a seroma formed. These flaps covered defects that extend

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Delfino, Giovanni, Gianfranco Tanteri, and Rossana Brizzi. "Cloacal anatomy of the palmate newt, Triturus helveticus (Amphibia, Salamandridae)." Amphibia-Reptilia 25, no. 3 (2004): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568538041975152.

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AbstractThe cloacal anatomy of the palmate newt, Triturus helveticus, was studied in both sexes using light and scanning electron microscopes. The female cloaca is characterized by the occurrence of rugae and folds. Two folds are especially prominent in the region where the spermathecal tubules open into the cloaca. In addition to sperm storage structures, vent glands are obvious in the connective tissue around the cloacal orifice. Their pores occur externally to the cloacal borders, thus suggesting that these glands are a possible source of mating pheromones. Typical features of the male cloa

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Zeng, Fang, Sha Liao, Zhe Kuang, Qingchun Zhu, Hengxi Wei, Junsong Shi, Enqin Zheng, et al. "Genetically Engineered Pigs as Efficient Salivary Gland Bioreactors for Production of Therapeutically Valuable Human Nerve Growth Factor." Cells 11, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11152378.

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Farm animal salivary glands hold great potential as efficient bioreactors for production of human therapeutic proteins. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is naturally expressed in animal salivary glands and has been approved for human clinical treatment. This study aims to employ transgenic (TG) pig salivary gland as bioreactors for efficient synthesis of human NGF (hNGF). hNGF-TG pigs were generated by cloning in combination with piggyBac transposon-mediated gene transfer. These hNGF-TG pigs specifically expressed hNGF protein in their salivary glands and secreted it at high levels into saliva. Surgi

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Epstein, M. S., and D. G. Blackburn. "Histology and histochemistry of androgen-stimulated nuptial pads in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, with notes on nuptial gland evolution." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-057.

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Nuptial pads are digital specializations of male frogs that cycle with the reproductive season and are considered to function in mating. Glandular secretions of the nuptial pads were analyzed histochemically in androgen-stimulated overwintering leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, to provide information on gland function and physiological control. In castrated and sham-operated male frogs treated with testosterone cypionate, the secretory product of the nuptial gland epithelium stained positive for carbohydrates and proteins, yet negative for lipids and glycogen. Secretions also stained positive for t

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Fang, Rendong, Jingchun Cui, Tengteng Cui, Haiyong Guo, Hisaya Ono, Chun-Ho Park, Masashi Okamura, Akio Nakane, and Dong-Liang Hu. "Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C Is an Important Virulence Factor for Mastitis." Toxins 11, no. 3 (March 2, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030141.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterial pathogen causing bovine mastitis, but little is known about the virulence factor and the inflammatory responses in the mammary infection. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) is the most frequent toxin produced by S. aureus, isolated from bovine mastitis. To investigate the pathogenic activity of SEC in the inflammation of the mammary gland and the immune responses in an animal model, mouse mammary glands were injected with SEC, and the clinical signs, inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine production in the mammary glands wer

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Kuzniak, Nataliya B., Roman R. Dmytrenko, Larysa Ya Fedoniuk, Svitlana I. Boitsaniuk, Liudmyla V. Kuzniak, Andrii V. Yavorskyi, and Stepan V. Tkachyk. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE INNER NASAL CAVITY IN ANIMALS IN PHYLO- AND ONTOGENESIS: FUNCTIONAL ANATOMIC SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT PERIOD." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903121.

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Іntroduction: Main functions of the inner nose in humans are respiration and olfaction. Therefore, human needs a large surface of inhalable and exhalable air contact, warming and moistening. Importance of these organs in animals in phylogenesis before and after the secondary palate development can explain their anatomic and functional designation. The aim is to find out the functional significance of some anatomic formations of the inner nose and their development peculiarities in phylo-and ontogenesis. Materials and methods: We used a comparative anatomy method where we compared well-known fa

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STELWAGEN, K., B. W. McBRIDE, D. G. GRIEVE, and R. A. TOWNER. "NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND PROTON SPECTROSCOPY USED AS A TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS MAMMARY GLAND COMPOSITION IN HOLSTEIN HEIFERS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-141.

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Mammary glands of eight nonpregnant, nulliparous Holstein heifers (416 ± 11 d) were used to study the potential for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and proton spectroscopy as a technique to assess mammary gland composition. It was concluded that the NMR technique has the potential to quantitate mammary gland composition in heifers. Key words: Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, mammary composition, Holstein heifers

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Anderson, Matthew J., and Alan F. Dixson. "Sexual selection affects the sizes of the mammalian prostate gland and seminal vesicles." Current Zoology 55, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.1.1.

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Abstract The accessory reproductive glands of male mammals contribute the bulk of the secretions in which spermatozoa are transported to the female tract during copulation. Despite their morphological diversity, and the chemical complexity of their products, little is known about the possible effects of sexual selection upon these glands in mammals. Here we consider the seminal vesicles and prostate glands in a sample of 89 species and 60 genera representing 8 Orders of mammals. The sizes of the accessory glands are analysed in relation to body weight and testes weight. Both the seminal vesicl

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Palin, M. F., D. Beaudry, C. Roberge, and C. Farmer. "Expression levels of STAT5A and STAT5B in mammary parenchymal tissue from Upton-Meishan and Large White gilts." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a01-091.

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The implication of STAT5A and STAT5B in mammary gland development and maintenance of lactation is well documented in rodents and humans. However, little is known regarding their roles in mammary gland development during gestation in pigs. We identified and analyzed the complete coding sequences of swine STAT5A and STAT5B and evaluated their mRNA levels in mammary glands of gestating gilts (day 110) in two different breeds, Upton-Meishan and Large White. Sequence analysis revealed a new APASA insertion in the STAT5A amino acid sequence that is in close proximity to residue Tyr 699 and whose pho

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D’Ambrosio, Mariaelena, Cátia Gonçalves, Mariana Calmão, Maria Rodrigues, and Pedro M. Costa. "Localization and Bioreactivity of Cysteine-Rich Secretions in the Marine Gastropod Nucella lapillus." Marine Drugs 19, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19050276.

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Marine biodiversity has been yielding promising novel bioproducts from venomous animals. Despite the auspices of conotoxins, which originated the paradigmatic painkiller Prialt, the biotechnological potential of gastropod venoms remains to be explored. Marine bioprospecting is expanding towards temperate species like the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus, which is suspected to secrete immobilizing agents through its salivary glands with a relaxing effect on the musculature of its preferential prey, Mytilus sp. This work focused on detecting, localizing, and testing the bioreactivity of cysteine-rich p

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Lauteri, Eleonora, Jole Mariella, Francesca Beccati, Ellen Roelfsema, Carolina Castagnetti, Marco Pepe, Tanja Peric, et al. "Adrenal Gland Ultrasonographic Measurements and Plasma Hormone Concentrations in Clinically Healthy Newborn Thoroughbred and Standardbred Foals." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061832.

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Adrenal hormones, ACTH plasma concentrations and the ultrasonographic evaluation of the adrenal glands are considered complementary in clinical evaluations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function in several species. In dogs, age, size and weight have a significant effect on the ultrasonographic size of the adrenal glands. In neonatal foals, ultrasonographic evaluation and measurements of the adrenal glands have been demonstrated to be reliable; however, the effect of individual variables on ultrasonographic features has not been investigated, and the clinical usefulness of ad

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Park, M. K., R. C. Garrad, G. A. Weisman, and J. T. Turner. "Changes in P2Y1 nucleotide receptor activity during the development of rat salivary glands." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 272, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): C1388—C1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.4.c1388.

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Experiments that used dispersed salivary gland cells from 1-day-old rats indicated the presence of the P2Y nucleotide receptor subtype, P2Y1, based on the agonist potency profile for mobilization of intracellular free Ca2+ [2-methylthio-ATP > ADP > adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) > ATP, with UTP ineffective] and sequence analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products obtained with P2Y1 receptor-specific primers. P2Y1 receptor activity appears to be developmentally regulated, since Ca2+ mobilization in response to the P2Y1-selective agonist, 2-methylth

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Bell, S., J. E. Bron, and C. Sommerville. "The distribution of exocrine glands in Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus (Copepoda: Caligidae)." Contributions to Zoology 69, no. 1-2 (2000): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-0690102001.

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The morphology, function and distribution of exocrine glands of copepods have rarely been studied in detail and almost nothing is known about them in the sea lice species L. salmonis and C. elongatus. This study utilised a novel application of a light-microscopy staining technique to reveal a variety of glands m nauplius, copepodid, chalimus, preadult and adult stages. The stain, 3’,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB), applied to fresh material, differentiated a population of exocrine glands and enabled a study of their distribution. The stain was successful in highlighting the ducts a

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Cao, W., Y. Su, N. Liu, Y. Peng, C. Diao, and R. Cheng. "Location and Vascular Classification of 188 parathyroid glands in New Zealand White Rabbits." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 2 (March 2021): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11760.

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ABSTRACT The function and protection of the parathyroid glands are increasingly popular research topics. New Zealand white rabbits are the most commonly used animal model of parathyroid ischemia. However, information on the vasculature of their parathyroid glands is limited. We used 94 healthy New Zealand white rabbits, 3-4 months of age and 2-3kg in weight, for exploration of the parathyroid glands, which were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) after removal. The following types were classified according to the relationship between the position of the inferior parathyroid gland and the

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Franklin, Craig E., Greg Taylor, and Rebecca L. Cramp. "Cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of lingual salt glands of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 6 (2005): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05001.

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Many marine reptiles and birds possess extrarenal salt glands that facilitate the excretion of excess sodium and chloride ions accumulated as a consequence of living in saline environments. Control of the secretory activity of avian salt glands is under neural control, but little information is available on the control of reptilian salt glands. Innervation of the lingual salt glands of the salt water crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, was examined in salt water-acclimated animals using histological methods. Extensive networks of both cholinergic and adrenergic nerve fibres were identified close to

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Gray, David R., Peter F. Flood, and Janice E. Rowell. "The structure and function of muskox preorbital glands." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-163.

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The preorbital gland of the muskox is a relatively large pear-shaped structure lying rostral to the eye between the skin and the lacrimal bone. It surrounds a narrow tubular invagination of the skin, which conveys the largely aqueous secretion to the surface of the face. This tube, which enters the gland at its rostrolateral extremity and runs caudodorsally, is partially filled with stiff hairs that arise from follicles in its wall. Most of the gland consists of tightly packed apocrine sweat glands, but large sebaceous glands are associated with the hair follicles of the central tube. The myoe

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Maya, S., A. R. Sreeranjini, C. Leena, N. S. Sunil Kumar, K. B. Sumena, and Irshad A. "Histology, lectin histochemistry and ultrastructure of interdigital gland in crossbred sheep." Issue 2 (November - December) 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51128/jfas.2020.a020.

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Abstract: Histology, lectin histochemistry and ultrastructure of interdigital gland in sheep was studied using six adult cross bred sheep of either sex collected from the Meat Technology Unit, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy. The manus and pes were detached from the rest of limbs and after recording the gross observations, the interdigital glands were fixed in 10 per cent neutral buffered formalin and processed for histological examinations. Stratified squamous epithelium with a prominent keratin layer lined the lumen, similar to the skin over the dorsal surface of manus an

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Wierenga, Pieter K., Isabelle Lombaert, Willy Visser, Harm H. Kampinga, Gerald de Haan, and Rob P. Coppes. "Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells Reduce Radiation-Induced Damage to Salivary Glands." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1194.1194.

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Abstract The salivary glands are often included in the field of irradiation during radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. This can result in severe side-effects that reduces the quality of life of the patient and may even limit the treatment dose. Late damage to the salivary glands is mainly caused by exhaustion of the tissue specific stem cells. Post-irradiation replacement of salivary gland stem cells with donor stem cells may ameliorate radiation-induced complications. Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) have been shown to be multipotent and thereby able to engraft in many tissues after in

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Haneji, N., H. Hamano, K. Yanagi, and Y. Hayashi. "A new animal model for primary Sjögren's syndrome in NFS/sld mutant mice." Journal of Immunology 153, no. 6 (September 15, 1994): 2769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.153.6.2769.

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Abstract In this study, we report an established and characterized animal model for primary Sjögren's syndrome in NFS/sld mutant mice bearing an autosomal recessive gene with sublingual gland differentiation arrest. Significant inflammatory changes develop spontaneously in both the salivary and lacrimal glands of NFS/sld mutant mice thymectomized 3 days after birth without any immunization, whereas no significant inflammatory lesions were found in other organs or in nonthymectomized mice. This pathology resembles primary Sjögren's syndrome in humans, which involves the parotid, submandibular s

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Bezman, Dror, Liubov Lemberskiy-Kuzin, Gil Katz, Uzi Merin, and Gabriel Leitner. "Influence of intramammary infection of a single gland in dairy cows on the cow's milk quality." Journal of Dairy Research 82, no. 3 (July 2, 2015): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002202991500031x.

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Intramammary infection (IMI), comprises a group of costly diseases affecting dairy animals worldwide. Many dairy parlours are equipped with on-line computerised data acquisition systems designed to detect IMI. However, the data collected is related to the cow level, therefore the contribution of infected glands to the recorded parameters may be over estimated. The present study aimed at evaluating the influence of single gland IMI by different bacteria specieson the cow's overall milk quality. A total of 130 cows were tested 239 times; 79 cows were tested once and the others were examined 2–8

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Billman, Zachary P., Annette M. Seilie, and Sean C. Murphy. "Purification of Plasmodium Sporozoites Enhances Parasite-Specific CD8+T Cell Responses." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 8 (May 23, 2016): 2233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01439-15.

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Malaria infection caused byPlasmodiumparasites continues to cause enormous morbidity and mortality in areas where it is endemic, and there is no licensed vaccine capable of inducing sterile protection. Hyperimmunization with attenuated whole sporozoites can induce sterile protective immune responses targeting preerythrocytic antigens. Most animal models of hyperimmunization rely on sporozoites dissected from mosquito salivary glands and injected without further purification. In BALB/c mice, repeated small doses ofP. yoeliisporozoites progressively expand the population of sporozoite-specific C

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Hughes, Maryanne R., and Darin C. Bennett. "Effects of saline intake, sex, and season on Pekin duck osmoregulatory organ masses and comparison with wild Mallards." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-206.

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Osmoregulatory organ masses of freshwater Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) do not differ between the sexes, but drinking saline induces changes that are sexually disparate in some organs. We examined relative size of organ masses of male and female Pekin ducks (that were domesticated from Mallards) and compared their responses to saline intake with those of Mallards. Organ masses of male and female Mallards do not differ in size. The liver and kidneys are heavier in female Pekin ducks and their digestive tract (except for the proventriculus and duodenum) is longer and heavier; male Pekin ducks ha

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Liu, Ying-Juan, Da-Wei Wang, Lixing Sun, Jin-Hua Zhang, and Jian-Xu Zhang. "Flank gland-secreted putative chemosignals pertaining to photoperiod, endocrine states, and sociosexual behavior in golden hamsters." Current Zoology 56, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): 800–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.6.800.

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Abstract Behavioral studies have shown that flank glands are involved in chemical communication in golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus but little chemical analysis has been conducted on volatiles arising from these glands. Using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry, we detected compounds from the flank glands of males, only eight of which were also produced in females. Based on these chemical data we performed a number of further experiments. By manipulating light we found that males exposed to short-photoperiods developed smaller flank glands than those exposed to long-photoperiods. Six fla

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Wang, Wenjing, Xupeng Zang, Yonglun Liu, Yunyi Liang, Gengyuan Cai, Zhenfang Wu, and Zicong Li. "Dynamic miRNA Landscape Links Mammary Gland Development to the Regulation of Milk Protein Expression in Mice." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060727.

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Mammary gland morphology varies considerably between pregnancy and lactation status, e.g., virgin to pregnant and lactation to weaning. Throughout these critical developmental phases, the mammary glands undergo remodeling to accommodate changes in milk production capacity, which is positively correlated with milk protein expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in female ICR mice’s mammary glands at the virgin stage (V), day 16 of pregnancy (P16d), day 12 of lactation (L12d), day 1 of forced weaning (FW1d), and day 3 of forced weaning (F

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Scheib, Holger, K. Anne-Isola Nekaris, Johanna Rode-Margono, Lotten Ragnarsson, Kate Baumann, James S. Dobson, Wirdateti Wirdateti, et al. "The Toxicological Intersection between Allergen and Toxin: A Structural Comparison of the Cat Dander Allergenic Protein Fel d1 and the Slow Loris Brachial Gland Secretion Protein." Toxins 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12020086.

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Slow lorises are enigmatic animal that represent the only venomous primate lineage. Their defensive secretions have received little attention. In this study we determined the full length sequence of the protein secreted by their unique brachial glands. The full length sequences displayed homology to the main allergenic protein present in cat dander. We thus compared the molecular features of the slow loris brachial gland protein and the cat dander allergen protein, showing remarkable similarities between them. Thus we postulate that allergenic proteins play a role in the slow loris defensive a

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Radice, Glenn L., M. Celeste Ferreira-Cornwell, Stephen D. Robinson, Helen Rayburn, Lewis A. Chodosh, Masatoshi Takeichi, and Richard O. Hynes. "Precocious Mammary Gland Development in P-Cadherin–deficient Mice." Journal of Cell Biology 139, no. 4 (November 17, 1997): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.139.4.1025.

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To investigate the functions of P-cadherin in vivo, we have mutated the gene encoding this cell adhesion receptor in mice. In contrast to E- and N-cadherin– deficient mice, mice homozygous for the P-cadherin mutation are viable. Although P-cadherin is expressed at high levels in the placenta, P-cadherin–null females are fertile. P-cadherin expression is localized to the myoepithelial cells surrounding the lumenal epithelial cells of the mammary gland. The role of the myoepithelium as a contractile tissue necessary for milk secretion is clear, but its function in the nonpregnant animal is unkno

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