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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal Helminthiasis'
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1
Горохов and V. Gorokhov. "Forecast of Epizootic Situation on Main Helminthiases in Russian Federation for the Year 2016." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18358.
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The forecast of epizootic situation on main animal helminthiases in the Russian Federation in
the year 2016 is presented. Regular monitoring of epizootic situation on main animal helminthiases
allow to conclude that the development of epizootic process at helminthiasis is affected by
environmental factors: condition of pastures, water basins, weather and climate, especially in
current pasture season, whichrequires the antiparasitic treatments.
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Vieira, Vanessa Diniz, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela, Thais Ferreira Feitosa, Ana Célia Rodrigues Athayde, Sérgio Santos Azevedo, Diego Vagner de Oliveira Souto, Gian Libânio da Silveira, and Lídio Ricardo Bezerra de Melo. "Sheep gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the Sertão region of Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil: prevalence and risk factors." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 4 (December 2014): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014089.
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In this study, we aimed to establish the prevalence and risk factors relating to gastrointestinal helminthiasis, and to characterize the sanitary management practiced among sheep herds in the Sertão region of the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, based on factors that condition the ways of controlling these parasites in these herds. The research was carried out between April and July 2012. We visited 54 farms, where fecal and blood samples were individually collected from 465 animals. On each farm, a questionnaire was applied to gather information on variables relating to potential risk factors. The prevalence of sheep gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the region was 75.9%. At least one animal tested positive for this helminthiasis on 53 (98.1%) of the 54 farms evaluated. The eggs per gram of feces (EPG) analysis showed the following infection burdens: 51.8% with mild infection, 27.1% moderate infection, 9.9% heavy infection and 11.2% fatal infection. Among the sheep farms visited, anthelmintics were used on 81.5% (p <0.05). The most relevant risk factor in this study was the farm area, because it defines the area available for grazing animals. Properties with many animals and little pasture area, which are the most abundant type in the Sertão region of Paraíba, tend to have high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, because the animals are more prone to reinfection. The Sertão region of Paraíba presents high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis among sheep, and the farm area is the most relevant risk factor for the development of these parasites.
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Eniolorunda, O. O., O. A. Ajado, and S. O. Oyedele. "The prevalence and seasonality of ruminant animal diseases in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 35, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v35i2.2481.
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A ten-year (1996-2005) record of treatment report on diagnosed ruminant diseases in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State was evaluated to determine the prevalence and seasonality of the major ruminant diseases in the southwestern part of Nigeria. A total of 6880 ruminants comprising 114 cattle, 3312 sheep and 3454 goats were treated. Trypanomosis, Pneumonia, and Malnutrition showed seasonal fluctuation while Helminthiasis, Ectoparasitism, Gastro-Enteritis, Kata and Dystocia were distributed throughout the year. Helminthasis (3126 cases) had a seasonal occurrence of 31.99%, 31.54%, 11.89% and 29.01% for the hot-dry , hot-humid rainy, hot humid non-rainy and cool-humid rainy seasons respectively. During the hot-dry season, Trypanosomosis (19.29%) and malnutrition (3.51%) in cattle, Helminthiasis (14.31% and 11.87%) in sheep and goats respectively were the major problems. Ectoparasition (6.76% and 7.53%) and Kata (5.86% and 5.79%) in the sheep and goats respectively were the major problems during the hot-humid rainy season. Helminthiasis (3.51%) Gastro-Enteritis (3.51%) and Toxaemia/Septicaemia (3.51%) in cattle, Helminthiasis (4.23% and 5.91%), Ectoparasitism (2.60% and 1.74%) and Kata (3.02% and 2.72%) in sheep and goats respectively were the major problems during the hot-humid non-rainy season. Pneumonia (5.265) and Helminthasis (3.51%) in cattle, Helminthasis (13.90% and 11.60%), Kata (4.90% and 7.53%), Ectoparasitism (3.51% and 5.21%) and Pneumonia (2.42% and 1.80%) in sheep and goats respectively were the major diseases that occurred in the cool humid rainy season. The relevance of this report to effective control of measures for the ruminant enterprise in southwestern Nigeria is also highlighted.
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Nithikathkul, C., A. Trevanich, T. Wongsaroj, C. Wongsawad, and P. Reungsang. "Health informatics model for helminthiasis in Thailand." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 5 (September 26, 2016): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000614.
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AbstractAt the beginning of the new millennium, helminth infections continue to be prevalent, particularly among impoverished populations. This study attempts to create the first health informatics model of helminthiasis in Thailand. The authors investigate how a health informatics model could be used to predict the control and eradication in a national control campaign. Fish-borne helminthiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of South-East Asia, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. The epicentre of this disease is located in north-east Thailand, where high prevalence coexists with a high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA). The current report was conducted to determine a mathematical model of surveillance for helminthiasis while also using a geographic information system. The fish-borne helminthiasis model or the predicted equation was Y1 = 3.028 + 0.020 (elevation) – 2.098 (clay). For soil-transmitted helminthiasis, the mathematical model or the predicted equation was Y2 = −1.559 + 0.005 (rainfall) + 0.004 (elevation) − 2.198 (clay). The Ministry of Public Health has concluded that mass treatment for helminthiasis in the Thai population, targeting high-risk individuals, may be a cost-effective way to allocate limited funds. This type of approach, as well as further study on the correlation of clinical symptoms with environmental and geographic information, may offer a novel strategy to the helminth crisis.
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Gupta, R. P., C. L. Yadav, and N. S. Ruprah. "Epidemiology of ovine helminthiasis in Haryana, India." Tropical Animal Health and Production 20, no. 1 (March 1988): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02239639.
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Guobadia, E. E. "HELMINTHIASIS OF PIGS IN DELTA AREA OF NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 24, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v24i1.2361.
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A survey of the helminth parasites of pigs in the Delta area of Nigeria was carried out. Faecal samples obtained from the rectum of the pigs were examined for helminth ova by using the sedimentation method. Structured questionnaires were also used to get information on some epizootiological factors from pig farmers. Of the 1,140 faecal samples examined, 3.8% was positive for trematode infection while 47.5% was positive for nematode infection. Among the nematode parasite identified, Ascaris suum was found to predominate (43.8% of the total). Poor sanitation was found to be the major factor predisposing pigs to helminth infections in the area. It was therefore concluded that since pig is an important livestock to the inhabitants of the area, there is the need to regularly organize programmes that will educate the farmers on the proper keeping of the animal for maximum productivity.
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Lyubimtseva, V. D., and I. A. Ivkova. "Expertise of animal slaughter products in the food markets of Krasnoyarsk for helminthiasis." Meat technology magazine 2 (February 8, 2021): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33465/2308-2941-2021-02-54-55.
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Marchenko, V. A., S. S. Khalikov, E. A. Еfremova, Iu A. Vasilenko, and M. S. Khalikov. "THE EFFECT OF SOLID DISPERSIONS OF IVERMECTIN AND ALBENDAZOLE WHEN SHEEP EXPERIENCING NODULAR WORM DISEASE IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2019-52-3-82-90.
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The paper demonstrates the prospects of applying Arabinogalactan for mechanochemical modification of physicochemical and biological properties of antihelminthic substance. The study evaluates the parasitocidal effect of ivermectin (IVER) and albendazole (ABZ) compounds with Arabinogalactan (AG) in the form of solid dispersions (RD) in sheep intestinal helminthiasis. The authors tested compositions of new specimens with the active substance (DV) of ivermectin with three batches of arabinogalactan from different manufacturers in the ratio of 1:10 and compositions of IVER+ABZ+AG in the ratio of 1:1:10. The experiments on parasitocidal activity of compositions in intestinal helminthiasis were carried out on spontaneously invaded sheep in Shebala district of the Republic of Altai, where 16 experimental and 2 control groups of animals were arranged following the principle of analogues. The sheep received the specimens on an individual basis: as a water suspension orally; composition of IVER+AG dosed as 0,1; 0,05 and 0,025 mg per a kilo of animal weight; composition of IVER+ABZ+AG - in calculation of IVER+ABZ - 0,1 and 0,2 mg of water suspension, albendazole 1, 2, 3 and 5 mg per 1 kg of animal weight. The experiment has shown that parasitocidal activity of laboratory samples of mechanical compositions of ivermectin and different in degree of purification of AB lots do not differ significantly. It is supposed that parasitocidal compositions can be used for non-pharmacopoeia AG samples of animals, which will reduce significantly the cost of the specimen. The efficiency of the composition of IVER+AG dosed 0.1 mg per 1 kg of animal weight is significantly higher than that of the initial specimen. Mechanical composition IVER+ABZ+AH dosed 0.2 mg of hemectin and 2 mg of albendazole per a kilo of animal weight is highly effective (100%) against sheep intestinal helminths and it assumes the possibility of significant (five times) decrease of AHZ dose in the composition with AH without loss of helmintocidal activity.
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Greve, J. H., H. F. Albers, Barbara Suto, and Jeannie Grimes. "Pathology of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in the Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)." Avian Diseases 30, no. 3 (July 1986): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1590410.
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Н.П., Немкова, and Ханипова В.А. "ДИАГНОСТИКА И ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ОЦЕНКА МЯСА И ПРОДУКТОВ УБОЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ ПРИ ГЕЛЬМИНТОЗАХ." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2020-3-105-110.
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Цель и задачи исследования: изучение особенностей послеубойной диагностики и ветеринарно-санитарной оценки мяса и продуктов убоя животных при гельминтозах; анализ результатов ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы лаборатории продовольственного рынка «Тотем» Кировского района города Красноярска за 2016–2019 гг. Для анализа использовали данные годовых отчетов лаборатории ветсанэкспертизы рынка (форма № 5-вет), а также методику осмотра туш и органов свиней и крупного рогатого скота. В ходе исследования определено, что за период с 2016 по 2019 г. в лаборатории ветсанэкспертизы рынка осмотрено всего 21 353 туши убойных животных, из них 7 575 туш крупного рогатого скота и 13 778 туш свиней. Выявлено, что по причине гельминтозных болезней выбракована 1 туша крупного рогатого скота и 42 органа, а также 10 органов от свиных туш. При этом наибольший процент выбраковки продуктов убоя крупного рогатого скота был по причине дикроцелиоза и составил 83,7 % (36 случаев) от общего количества выявленных в тушах гельминтозов, а наименьший – при цистицеркозе – 2,3 % (1 случай). Процент выбраковки органов при фасциолезе составил 7 % (3 случая), при других инвазионных болезнях – 7 % (3 случая). Процент выбраковки продуктов убоя свиней от общего числа инвазионных болезней по причине цистицеркоза тенуикольного составил 70 % (7 случаев), метастронгилеза – 20 % (2 случая), дикроцелиоза – 10 % (1 случай). Вопрос о путях реализации продуктов убоя животных при инвазионных болезнях решали согласно действующим Правилам ветсанэкспертизы. Пораженные внутренние органы (печень, легкие) и одна туша утилизированы, непораженные – выпущены в реализацию.
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Tsepilova, Esaulova, and Vasilevich. "THE FAUNA OF INTESTINAL PARASITES OF BISON IN TERMS OF RESERVES." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.684-689.
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Сurrently, the study of parasitic diseases of wild ruminants is a priority in the general range of animal parasitosis, as wild ruminants can be a source of infection with helminthiasis for agricultural ruminants, as well as for humans. Studies were conducted in two reserves containing bisons – FSBI Prioksko-Terrasny reserve and SNR "Kaluzhskiye Zaseki". The objects of the study were bison of different age and sex groups, the material was feces taken from the pens. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. The result of helmintho-ovoscopic methods of diagnostics showed that the fauna of intestinal parasites in GPP " Kaluzhskiye Zaseki" is represented by the following species and genera of helminthes: Fasciola hepatica, Nematodirus, Trichostrongylus and Trichocephalus, as well as protozoa of the Eimeria genus and in the Federal Prioksko-Terrasny reserve it is represented by Dicrocoelium lanceatum, Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedeni, Trichocephalus, and Trichostrongylus. The fauna of intestinal parasites of bison from the nature reserves of the Kaluzhskiye Zaseki and the Prioksko-Terrasny reserve differ, trematodes of different species of Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium lanceatum have been revealed in animals, which is obviously connected with different agro-climatic conditions of the area, and also, in the Prioksko-Terrasny reserve monizia of two species have been found, and protozoans of the Eimeria genus have not been found. The prevalent helminthiasis in both reserves are gastrointestinal strongylatosis and trichocephalosis.
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Rickard, L. G., L. A. Steinohrt, and S. S. Black. "Subclinical Cyathostomiasis and Unidentified Helminthiasis in a Juvenile Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)." Avian Diseases 41, no. 4 (October 1997): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1592359.
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Fatmawati, Mira, and Herawati Herawati. "Analisa Epidemiologi Kasus Helmintiasis pada Hewan Kurban di Kota Batu." Indonesia Journal of Halal 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/halal.v1i2.3664.
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Abstrack Eid of Adha is commemorated every 10 Dzulhijah followed by slaughtering a cattle, sheep or goat. That slaughter moment needed a lot of veterinarian to control animal health and meat inspection. The limitedness of personnel, therefore the Agriculture Office of Batu city cooperated with Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Brawijaya University to supervise a slaughtering animals. The purpose of this research is to analys the prevalensi of fasciolosis on eid of adha in Batu City. Total number of slaughtering aninal in Batu City in 2017 were 679 cattle, 2357 goats and 2277 sheep. The research was conducted in 3 sub-districts in Batu City. Data were collected during postmortem examination in liver organ. The results showed that the total cases of heminthiasis in cattle were 22.97% (156 cases of fasciolosis from 679 cattle), cases of helminthiasis in goats 1.65% (39 cases of fascioloisis from 2357 goats), cases of helminthiasis in sheep 4.83% (80 cases of fasciolosis from 1658 sheep). Most cases of cattle fasciolosis occurred in Junrejo sub-district (31.54%), most cases of goats fasciolosis occurred in in Bumiaji sub-district (2.13%) and most cases of lambs fasciolosis occurred in Batu sub-district (7.19%). The slaughter animals come from Batu City, Malang Municipality and Blitar Municipality. From the data above, it is necessary to do the programs of giving worm medicine and animal health information especially for farmer. Cross-border coordination within the framework of an animal health healing program needs to be prepared to work together. Veterinary public health have responsibility to prepared a secure, healthy, a whole and halal meat in that slaughter moment. Kata kunci: Eid of Adha; Helminthiasis; Fasciolosis; Batu City;Food Safety Abstrak Idul Adha yang diperingati setiap tanggal 10 Dzulhijah diikuti dengan penyembelihan hewan kurban. Pemotongan yang serentak pada hari yang sama membutuhkan pengawasan kesehatan hewan dari dokter hewan berwenang dalam rangka memberikan jaminan keamanan pangan. Karena keterbatasan personel, maka Dinas Pertanian Kota Batu bekerjasama dengan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya dalam pengawasan pemotongan hewan kurban saat Idul Adha. Tujuan pengawasan tersebut antara lain untuk memantau penyakit hewan menular dan penyakit zoonotik. Pemotongan hewan kurban di Kota Batu tahun 2017 sebanyak 679 ekor sapi, 2357 kambing dan 2277domba. Tujuan dari analisis studi epidemiologi ini adalah untuk melihat berapa banyak kasus helmintiasis yang ditemukan pada hewan kurban yang ada di Kota Batu. Penelitian dilakukan dilakukan di 3 kecamatan di Kota Batu pada titik-titik pemotongan hewan dengan menggunakan data deskriptif dari kuisioner terstruktur. Data kasus fasciolosis diperoleh pada saat pemeriksaan postmortem pada organ hati. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa total kasus fasciolosis pada sapi adalah 22,97% (156 kasus fasciolosis dari 679 ekor sapi), kasus fasciolosis pada kambing 1,65% (39 kasus fasciolosis dari 2357 ekor kambing), kasus fasciolosis pada domba 4,83% (80 kasus fasciolosis dari 1658 ekor domba). Kasus fasciolosis pada sapi terbanyak terjadi di Kecamatan Junrejo (31,54%), pada kambing yang terbanyak di Kecamatan Bumiaji (2,13%) dan pada domba yang terbanyak di Kecamatan Batu (7,19%). Hewan kurban berasal dari Kota Batu, Kabupaten Malang dan Kabupaten Blitar. Dari data diatas maka perlu dilakukan evaluasi mengenai program pemberian obat cacing dan pengasawan kesehatan hewan terutama untuk hewan kurban. Koordinasi lintas wilayah dalam rangka sinkronisasi program kesehatan hewan perlu dipersiapkan untuk dapat menyiapkan hewan kurban dan daging kurban yang aman, sehat, utuh, dan halal. Kata kunci: Idul Adha;Helmintiasis; Fasciolosis;Kota Batu;Keamanan Pangan
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Teixeira, Paulo Eduardo Ferlini, Christiane Leal Corrêa, Fernanda Bittencourt de Oliveira, Alba Cristina Miranda de Barros Alencar, Leandro Batista das Neves, Daniel Daipert Garcia, Fernanda Barbosa de Almeida, Luis Cláudio Muniz Pereira, José Roberto Machado-Silva, and Rosângela Rodrigues-Silva. "Occurrence of Capillaria sp. in the liver of sheep (Ovis aries ) in a slaughterhouse in the state of Acre, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 27, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-296120180030.
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Abstract Although sheep farming has grown in the state of Acre over the past four decades, little is known about occurrences of helminthiases in the herds of this region. The objective of the study was to assess the occurrences of non-intestinal helminthiasis among sheep slaughtered in Rio Branco. A total of 110 sheep livers were inspected from two slaughter batches (july 2014 and march 2015) in a slaughterhouse in Rio Branco. Livers with macroscopic lesions were photographed and were then subjected to histopathological analysis under an optical microscope. The macroscopic lesions showed small nodes with inflammatory characteristics and areas of fibrosis, which appeared to be calcified, thus suggesting a granulomatous reaction. Of the 110 evaluated livers, we noticed 110 nodules in total; these nodules have an average size of 0.5 cm. The histopathological analysis showed alterations to the architecture of the hepatic lobe, with multiple foci of necrosis and polymorphonuclear cells. Two samples revealed the presence of helminths from Nematode class and Capillaria sp. eggs identified by the typical morphology and morphometry. This seems to be the first report of Capillaria sp. in sheep livers in Brazil, and it serves as an important alert regarding animal health surveillance and control and regarding the Capillaria sp. zoonotic role in humans.
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Lagereva, Vladislav Abramov, and Musayev. "SUPRAMOLECULAR ANTIHELMINTHIC COMPLEX ALTRIK-EXTRA FOR THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF MAJOR ANIMAL HELMINTHOSES." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.187-193.
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Animal helminthiasis is widespread in Russia and other countries, which cause great economic damage to animal husbandry due to a decrease in all types of productivity, lagging in the growth and development of young animals and the death of animals, especially young animals. As a result of joint work of employees of the Institute of Organoelement compounds N.A. Nesmeyanova (INEOS RAS, Moscow) and VNIIP K.I. Scriabina, using mechanochemical nanotechnology, developed an innovative drug in the form of a supramolecular complex based on the substances albendazole-extra and triclabendazole and water-soluble low-molecular polyvinylpyrrallidone (PVP-17) in the ratio ABZ-extra: TKB:PVP-17=1:1:8, where 10.0 mg of the drug contains 1.0 mg of ABZ and TKB, which is a white powder with a particle size of 0.1–10 microns. The essence of this work was the development of a complex drug that could effectively and without negative consequences affect the listed 3 classes of helminths that parasitize in mixed form in animals, in order to reduce the laborious work on prevention and treatment. The supramolecular complex of albendazole-extra and triclabendazole, named by us "Altrik-Extra", is intended for the treatment of animals with acute and chronic form of fasciosis, nematodoses of the digestive and pulmonary tracts, and it also has cestodocidal activity, which is important for deworming animals in the summer, when animals are parasitized by helminths of the listed classes in mixed form.
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GARBA, A., S. TOURÉ, R. DEMBELÉ, P. BOISIER, Z. TOHON, E. BOSQUÉ-OLIVA, A. KOUKOUNARI, and A. FENWICK. "Present and future schistosomiasis control activities with support from the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative in West Africa." Parasitology 136, no. 13 (July 27, 2009): 1731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009990369.
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SUMMARYSince 2004 the West African countries of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have implemented national schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programmes with financial and technical support from the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI). In the first three years of the control programmes, nearly 13·5 million doses of praziquantel and albendazole have been administered against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis with coverage rates varying between 67·0% and 93·9%. These treatments have resulted in a reduction of the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma infection in the sentinel cohorts that were set up to monitor and evaluate the national control programmes. The challenges currently faced by these national control programmes are the ability to maintain the reduction in morbidity achieved thus far due to the mass treatment campaigns and ensuring sustainability. For reinforcement of surveillance, the establishment of a geographical information system is suggested in order to contribute towards enhanced sustainability of these programmes. Our new working hypothesis is that targeted control accompanied by periodic mass treatment campaigns (every two to three years) can contribute to maintaining the low levels of morbidity achieved thus far. The implementation of integrated neglected tropical disease control programmes in these countries will provide means to ensure the financial sustainability of control activities for the years to come.
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Vieira, Vanessa Diniz, Thais Ferreira Feitosa, Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela, Sérgio Santos Azevedo, João Leite de Almeida Neto, Dayana Firmino de Morais, Ana Raquel Carneiro Ribeiro, and Ana Célia Rodrigues Athayde. "Prevalence and risk factors associated with goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the Sertão region of Paraíba State, Brazil." Tropical Animal Health and Production 46, no. 2 (November 10, 2013): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-013-0496-y.
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Andreyanov. "TRICHINELLOSIS OF THE STONE MARTEN (MARTES FOINA) IN CENTRAL RUSSIA." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.56-60.
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Over the past 5 years, research has been carried out in natural biocenosis on the stone marten (Martes foina) infected with the pathogen of trichinellosis in Central Russia. Biological material for research was collected in hunting farms, reserves and "green zones" of the Central Region of Russia (the Vladimir, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, Ryazan, Oryol and Bryansk regions) during the opening of amateur sports hunting for fur animals from 2017 to 2021. Diagnostics and isolation of helminth larvae from animal muscle tissue samples were performed by the compressor trichinelloscopy and digestion in artificial gastric juice. The degree of host invasion with helminth and invasion intensity were determined. A total of 35 animals were studied. As a result of studies, the infection rate of helminthozoonosis in animals was from 8.3 to 40.0%. The intensity of invasion was recorded between 2 and 39 larvae in 1 g of diaphragm muscle tissue. Trichinella invasion among martens was observed equally in both males and females. The largest percentage of the invasive form of the helminthiasis pathogen occurred in animals older than 2 years. The adverse situation of helminthozoonosis among fur animals was noted in the Ryazan region.
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Boonkusol, Duangjai, Janejira Detraksa, Kansuda Duangsrikaew, and Wuttipong Tongbai. "In vivo Efficacy of Murraya paniculata Leaf in Controlling Natural Helminthiasis in Goat." American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2019.95.100.
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Sari, Dwi Novita, Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, Djoko Legowo, and Siti Eliana Rochmi. "The Incidence of Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Etawa Crossbred Goat in Etawa Farm Jombang." Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/javest.v1.i1.2020.24-28.
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Background: Goat is one type of small ruminant that has a contribution to supporting the development of livestock and is an alternative to meet the needs of animal protein in Indonesian society. The current goat raising system is still carried out by being caged or semi-grazed. In this maintenance system, goats are very susceptible to parasitic diseases, especially those caused by the digestive tract worms. Gastrointestinal worms are a significant problem in livestock, especially small ruminants that cause health problems, such as diarrhea, weight loss, and decreased appetite. Purpose: To determine the percentage and types of digestive tract helminths in Etawa crossbred goats by age. Method: 30 feces samples from Etawa crossbred goats were collected for laboratory examination using native, sedimentation, and flotation methods. Result: From the microscopic examination, it was found that the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis was 56.6%. Also, the type of worm eggs found in the feces samples from Etawa crossbred goats were Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Moniezia benedeni, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Strongyloides papillosus, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus sp., and Trichuris globulosa.
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Afifah, Aulia Nur, Iwan Syahrial Hamid, Mirni Lamid, and Agung Budianto Achmad. "The Incidence of Helminthiasis in Cattle in The Work Area of UPT. Laboratorium Kesehatan Hewan in East Java Province in 2017-2018." Journal of Applied Veterinary Science And Technology 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/javest.v1.i1.2020.16-23.
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Background: The needs of Indonesian people for animal protein from meat are still quite high, but the fulfillment of meat demand has not been sufficient. Many obstacles faced by farmers in developing their livestock business, one of which is helminthiasis. Helminth infections can occur due to feed problems or poor maintenance management. Helminth infestation in the digestive tract can cause intestinal mucosal damage, which can reduce the efficiency of food absorption, causing livestock productivity losses in body weight, milk production, quality of meat, skin, and innards. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of helminthiasis and the type of helminths that infected cattle in UPT. Laboratorium Kesehatan Hewan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Method: This study used sedimentation and Whitlock floating method. Result: The highest prevalence in 2017 occurred in Tuban City, which was 6,69%, while the lowest was in Gresik Regency, which was 0%. Whereas in 2018, the highest prevalence occurred in Lamongan City, which was 9,42% and the lowest prevalence in Ngawi Regency, which was 0,22%. The type of helminth that infects the cattle the most in 2017 is Fasciola sp. as many as 114 cases, with the highest number occurring in Magetan Regency, which was 44 cases. In 2018, Fasciola sp. also the most common type of helminth found to infect cattle in 202 cases, with the highest number occurring in Magetan and Pacitan Regency, which was 34 cases.
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Kusolsuk, Teera, Kittipong Chaisiri, Akkarin Poodeepiyasawad, Surapol Sa-Nguankiat, Nirundorn Homsuwan, Tetsuya Yanagida, Munehiro Okamoto, et al. "Risk factors and prevalence of taeniasis among the Karen people of Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province, Thailand." Parasite 28 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021041.
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Taeniasis remains a prevalent public health problem in Thailand. National helminthiasis surveys report only the incidence of Taenia spp. eggs. The ability to differentiate Taenia species using morphological and molecular techniques is vital for epidemiological surveys. This study detected taeniasis carriers and other helminthic infections by Kato’s thick smear technique and identified the Taenia species by multiplex PCR. The study subjects were the ethnic Karen people in Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province, Thailand, bordering Myanmar. In total, 983 faecal samples from villagers were examined for helminthiases. Interview-based questionnaires were used to gather information on possible risk factors for infection. The prevalence of helminth infections was 42.7% (420/983), including single (37.3%, 367/983) and mixed infections (5.4%, 53/983). The most common infection (19.23%, 189/983) was Ascaris lumbricoides, whereas taeniasis carriers comprised 2.8% (28/983). Multiplex PCR of Cox1 was used for species identification of Taenia tapeworms, eggs, or both in 22 taeniasis carriers. Most of the parasites (20 cases) were Taenia solium, with two cases of Taenia saginata. Taenia saginata asiatica was not found in the villagers examined. The analysis of 314 completed questionnaires showed that a statistically significant (p < 0.05) risk of taeniasis was correlated with being male, a history of being allowed to forage during childhood, a history of seeing tapeworm proglottids, and a history of raw or undercooked pork consumption. Health education programmes must seek to reduce and prevent reinfection in these communities.
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Tishyn, O. L., I. D. Yuskiv, and Zn M. Perih. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF COMPLEX DRUGS BASED ON PIRANTEL PAMOAT, FEBANTEL AND PRAZIKVANTEL FOR HELMINTHOSIS OF DOGS AND CATS." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-2.26.
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The article presents data on the effectiveness of the new complex antiparasitic drug «Animal VetLine DeVorm plus anthelmintic drug for dogs and cats (suspension)» in comparison with the reference drugs «Drontal@ plus with meat taste» and «Drontal@ for cats» in use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in helminthiasis of dogs and cats of different breeds.
According to the results of helminthocoprological studies of feces, it was found that on the 7th day after the use of the experimental drug «Animal VetLine DeVorm plus anthelmintic for dogs and cats (suspension)» in one dog and one puppy (from 6 animals) a slight invasion (intensity of invasion of the pathogen Toxocara canis was 1–2 eggs in 1 g of feces) was observed, ie during this invasion the studied drug «Animal VetLine DeVorm plus anthelmintic for dogs and cats (suspension)» on the 7th day after application showed 83.3 % efficiency. However, the experimental animals had no invasion in the helminthocoprologic studies of the pathogen Toxocara canis on 14th day after treatment with this drug. In comparison, animals treated with reference drugs of endoparasitic pathogens on the 7th and 14th day of the study was not detected.
It should be noted that in cats on the 7th day after treatment, according to helminthocoprological studies, nematode pathogens were not detected.
The extensitivity of the experimental drug and reference drugs in field (production) trials for nematodes (Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis ) of puppies, dogs and cats was 100 %.
It was found that the tolerability of the antiparasitic drug by animals was good, it did not change the clinical signs and did not cause toxic effects. The drug has shown high extensibility in endoparasitic diseases of dogs and cats when used individually for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes and can be recommended for use in the practice of veterinary medicine.
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Phuphisut, O., W. Maipanich, S. Pubampen, M. Yindee, N. Kosoltanapiwat, S. Nuamtanong, A. Ponlawat, and P. Adisakwattana. "Molecular identification of the strongyloid nematode Oesophagostomum aculeatum in the Asian wild elephant Elephas maximus." Journal of Helminthology 90, no. 4 (July 27, 2015): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x15000541.
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AbstractThe transmission of zoonoses by wildlife, including elephants, is a growing global concern. In this study, we screened for helminth infections among Asian wild elephants (Elephas maximus) of the Salakpra Wildlife Sanctuary, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Elephant faecal samples (45) were collected from the sanctuary grounds during January through November 2013 and assayed individually using the tetranucleotide microsatellite technique. Microscopic examination indicated a high prevalence of strongylids (93.0%) and low prevalences of trichurids (2.3%) and ascarids (2.3%). To identify the strongylid species, small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences were amplified from copro-DNA and compared with sequences in GenBank. The generated SSU-rDNA sequences comprised five distinct haplotypes that were closely related to Oesophagostomum aculeatum. A phylogenetic analysis that incorporated related nematodes yielded a tree separated into two main clades, one containing our samples and human and domestic animal hookworms and the other consisting of Strongyloides. The present results indicate that O. aculeatum in local elephants is a potential source of helminthiasis in human and domestic animals in this wild-elephant irrupted area.
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Andreyanov. "HELMINTHOFAUNA OF THE ERMINE (MUSTELA ERMINEA)." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.40-44.
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The purpose of the work was to study the helminth fauna of the ermine on the territory of the Ryazan region. We studied 19 ermine heads, Mustela erminea, aged from 1 to 3 years, using the method of complete helminthological dissection. The material for the study (animal carcass) was removed from the “Shilovskoye” hunting ground of the Ryazan Regional Society of Hunters and Fishermen in the floodplain of the Oka, Pary and Ibreda rivers. Animals were harvested under one-time licenses using cup traps No. 0, 1 and live traps for small predatory animals. The period of production of the beast was 2013–2018 from October to March. The carcasses of animals were delivered to the laboratory in a chilled or frozen state. The collected worms were fixed in ethanol (70% solution) or Barbagallo liquids. Determination of the helminthological material to the species was carried out according to the determinant of helminths of predatory mammals of the USSR. As a result of research, 6 types of helminths of 3 systematic classes were identified in the ermine: 2 types of trematodes, 3 types of nematodes and one type of scrapers. Two species of trematodes were identified – Euparyphium melis and Alaria spp. larvae in the small intestine and muscle tissue (diaphragm, masseter). Among the nematodes, 3 species are represented – Capillaria putorii, Skrjabingylus petrowi and large larvae Larvae migrans spp. (3.5–4.5 mm). Round helminths were localized in the small intestine, frontal sinuses and muscle tissue (diaphragm). Macracanthorhynchus catulinus larvae were recorded in the muscles of the diaphragm, abdominal muscles and extensor and flexor muscles of the hind limbs. The animal can be both the ultimate owner of helminthiasis, and intermediate one.
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Yazwinski, T., C. Tucker, E. Wray, L. Jones, Z. Johnson, S. Steinlage, and J. Bridges. "A survey on the incidence and magnitude of intestinal helminthiasis in broiler breeders originating from the southeastern United States." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 22, no. 4 (December 2013): 942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2013-00776.
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Ridwansyah, Ridwansyah, Jajang Jaya Purnama, Hermanto Hermanto, Suhardjono Suhardjono, and Abdul Hamid. "Aplikasi Mobile Sistem Pakar Dalam Mengidentifiaksi Diagnosis Penyakit Kucing." INFORMATICS FOR EDUCATORS AND PROFESSIONAL : Journal of Informatics 5, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51211/itbi.v5i1.1414.
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Abstrak: Adanya sebuah aplikasi saat ini dapat digunakan dalam beberapa hal khususnya sistem pakar. Sistem pakar penyakit kucing merupakan sistem yang dapat mengidentifikasi penyakit pada kucing, yang dikarenakan hewan tersebut sangat populer di masyarakat khususnya Indonesia sangatlah besar peminatnya. Hewan ini sangat disukai karena bentuknya yang lucu dan perilaku yang menggemaskan, terlebih nabi Muhammad juga menyukai hewan ini dan jika kita merawatnya makan sunah rasul yang kita dapat ini merupakan kepercayaan umat muslim. Dalam memelihara kucing berbagai masalah akan terjadi dimana kucing yang kita pelihara dalam keadaan sakit dan berbagai virus yang menyerang kucing misalnya penyakit kucing scabies, penyakit kucing feline caliviral disease, penyakit kucing helminthiasis, penyakit kucing koksidiosis, penyakit kucing felice panleukopenia, penyakit kucing ektoparasit, penyakit kucing, penyakit kucing feline viral rhinotracheitis dan penyakit kucing Earmite. Dengan adanya aplikasi sistem pakar yang bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan yang dapat di anggap cukup rumit dan hanya bisa diatasi para ahli atau para pakar tertentu. Pemilik kucing yang tidak mengetahui adanya penyakit yang dialami oleh kucing yang dipeliharanya maka akan menjadi permasalahan yang besar. Oleh karena itu dengan adanya aplikasi sistem pakar tersebut dapat membantu dalam melakukan diagnosis penyakit pada kucing dan memberikan alternatif pengobatan, penanganan dan pencegahannya.
Kata kunci: Aplikasi Sistem Pakar, Forward Chaining, Penyakit Kucing.
Abstract: The existence of an application today can be used in several ways, especially expert systems. The cat disease expert system is a system that can identify diseases in cats, which is because these animals are very popular in society, especially in Indonesia, and are in great demand. This animal is very popular because of its cute shape and adorable behavior, especially the prophet Muhammad also likes this animal and if we take care of it, eat the Prophet's Sunnah which we get is the belief of Muslims. In keeping cats, various problems will occur where the cat we keep is sick and various viruses that attack cats, for example, scabies cat disease, feline caliviral disease, cat helminthiasis, cat coccidiosis, felice panleukopenia cat disease, ectoparasite cat disease, cat disease feline cat disease, viral rhinotracheitis and Earmite cat disease. With the existence of an expert system application that aims to solve a problem that can be considered quite complicated and can only be overcome by certain experts or experts. Cat owners who do not know about the disease experienced by the cat they keep will be a big problem. Therefore, with the application of this expert system, it can help diagnose diseases in cats and provide alternative treatments, treatments and prevention.
Keywords: Cats, Expert Systems, Forward Chaining
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Feshenko, D. V., T. I. Bakhur, and O. A. Zgozinska. "ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЖИТТЄЗДАТНОСТІ ЯЄЦЬ ТА ЛИЧИНОК СТРОНГIЛЯТ I АСКАРИДАТ У ДОВКІЛЛІ В ЗИМОВИЙ ПЕРІОД." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology 18, no. 2(66) (September 9, 2016): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet6638.
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This paper presents the results of the helminthological study of sand, hay and silage in different periods of 2010 – 2015. It was established that on the territory of Polissya the eggs and larvae of nematodes (Parascaris equorum, Strongylidae sp., Toxocara canis) at typical winter air temperature (-15 – +3 °C) remain viable in the environment, contributing to the spread of continuous year-round animal infestation.We prove that in the stall period of keeping animals rough and succulent feed (hay, silage) can be a source of infection of nematodes even in late winter: according to our data, in February in the hay the number of eggs P. equorum was 2.6 ± 0.74 eggs/3 drops of flotation solution, in the silage – 8.8±1.01, and Strongylidae sp. – 3.2 ± 0.73 and 5.6 ± 0.6 eggs/3 drops of flotation solution respectively. Consequently, for the prevention of helminthiasis all harvested food should be checked for the presence of pathogens in it.Maximum contamination of sand from playgrounds in the Zhytomyr region by toxocara eggs was: 674.6 eggs/3 drops of flotation solution in autumn and 60.3 – in the spring. Totally 12.8–18.4% of T. canis eggs are overwintering in the sand successfully. The data should be considered when planning preventive veterinary measures. Recommended in disadvantaged regions to carry out preventive deworming animals every 3 months.
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Vasilevich, Tsepilova, and Gorchakova. "THE FAUNA OF INTESTINAL PARASITES OF SMALL CATTLE IN THE CONDITIONS OF PRIVATE FARMS." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.81-86.
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At all times, the study of farm animal parasitic diseases was one of the most important areas in the general spectrum of animal parasitoses, as farm animals can be a source of human infestation with helminthiasis. The studies were carried out at two private farms where small cattle are kept – one farm is located in the Kaluga Region (Dzerzhinsky District), and the other in the Tver Region (Konakovsky District). The study objects were sheep and goats of various age-sex groups (females and males aged 2–3 years and young animals aged up to 6 months), and the material was feces hand-selected from the rectum of animals. The selected feces were studied at the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Inspection of the FSBEI of Higher Education FSBEI Mgavmib – MVA named after K.I.Skryabin according to generally accepted methods. As a result of helminthoovoscopic diagnostics, we found that the fauna of intestinal parasites at the farm in the Kaluga Region was represented by three types of nematodes, namely, Trichostrongylus sp., Nematodirus sp. and Capillaria sp., as well as protozoa of the genus Eimeria. In the feces of sheep from the farm in the Tver Region, pathogen eggs of the genus Trichostrongylus sp. and single protozoa of the genus Eimeria were also found. The fauna of intestinal parasites from these two farms is similar to each other; pathogens of the genus Trichostrongylus sp. prevail, which is obviously associated with similar conditions for small cattle keeping and feeding (the livestock is equipped with the Romanov sheep at both farms; animals have year-round grazing and are kept in a wooden sheep shed at night. Feeding with hay and filling, regular preventive measures, in particular, deworming of the stock twice a year). According to the results of the study of feces carried out at the Department, gastrointestinal strongylatoses are the prevailing parasitoses in animals from both farms.
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Tchuem Tchuenté, L. A., D. R. Eloundou Ombede, C. Dongmo Noumedem, G. N. Djomkam Chuinteu, B. Fesuh Nono, A. C. Nguepkap Lemegne, U. Femoe Membe, et al. "Prospects for the elimination of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: exploring disease trends through time at the Barombi crater lakes, South-West Cameroon." Parasitology 145, no. 13 (September 24, 2018): 1700–1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001531.
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AbstractIn Cameroon, there is a national programme engaged in the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. In certain locations, the programme is transitioning from morbidity control towards local interruption of parasite transmission. The volcanic crater lake villages of Barombi Mbo and Barombi Kotto are well-known transmission foci and are excellent context-specific locations to assess appropriate disease control interventions. Most recently they have served as exemplars of expanded access to deworming medications and increased environmental surveillance. In this paper, we review infection dynamics through time, beginning with data from 1953, and comment on the short- and long-term success of disease control. We show how intensification of local control is needed to push towards elimination and that further environmental surveillance, with targeted snail control, is needed to consolidate gains in preventive chemotherapy as well as empower local communities to take ownership of interventions.
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Ma, A., Y. Wang, X. L. Liu, H. M. Zhang, P. Eamsobhana, H. S. Yong, and X. X. Gan. "A filtration-based rapid test using a partially purified third-stage larval antigen to detect specific antibodies for the diagnosis of gnathostomiasis." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x17001080.
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AbstractHuman gnathostomiasis is an emerging food-borne parasitic disease caused by nematodes of the genusGnathostoma. Currently, serological tests are commonly applied to support clinical diagnosis. In the present study, a simple and rapid filtration-based test, dot immune–gold filtration assay (DIGFA) was developed using a partially purified antigen ofGnathostomathird-stage larvae (L3). A total of 180 serum samples were tested to evaluate the diagnostic potential of DIGFA for gnathostomiasis. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 96.7% (29/30) and 100% (25/25), respectively. The cross-reactivity with sera from other helminthiasis patients ranged from 0 to 4%, with an average of 1.6% (2/125). DIGFA using a partially purified L3 antigen was not only simple and rapid, but also more accurate than standard assays for the diagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. DIGFA may represent a promising tool for application in laboratories or in the field, without requiring any instrumentation.
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MASSA, K., A. OLSEN, A. SHESHE, R. NTAKAMULENGA, B. NDAWI, and P. MAGNUSSEN. "Can coverage of schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthiasis control programmes targeting school-aged children be improved? New approaches." Parasitology 136, no. 13 (January 30, 2009): 1781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008000474.
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SUMMARYControl programmes generally use a school-based strategy of mass drug administration to reduce morbidity of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) in school-aged populations. The success of school-based programmes depends on treatment coverage. The community-directed treatment (ComDT) approach has been implemented in the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in Africa and improves treatment coverage. This study compared the treatment coverage between the ComDT approach and the school-based treatment approach, where non-enrolled school-aged children were invited for treatment, in the control of schistosomiasis and STH among enrolled and non-enrolled school-aged children. Coverage during the first treatment round among enrolled children was similar for the two approaches (ComDT: 80·3% versus school: 82·1%, P=0·072). However, for the non-enrolled children the ComDT approach achieved a significantly higher coverage than the school-based approach (80·0 versus 59·2%, P<0·001). Similar treatment coverage levels were attained at the second treatment round. Again, equal levels of treatment coverage were found between the two approaches for the enrolled school-aged children, while the ComDT approach achieved a significantly higher coverage in the non-enrolled children. The results of this study showed that the ComDT approach can obtain significantly higher treatment coverage among the non-enrolled school-aged children compared to the school-based treatment approach for the control of schistosomiasis and STH.
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STOTHARD, J. R., E. IMISON, M. D. FRENCH, J. C. SOUSA-FIGUEIREDO, I. S. KHAMIS, and D. ROLLINSON. "Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among mothers and their pre-school children on Unguja Island, Zanzibar with emphasis upon ascariasis." Parasitology 135, no. 12 (September 8, 2008): 1447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008004836.
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SUMMARYSoil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is a scourge to the health and well-being of infants and pre-schoolchildren throughout many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. To improve maternal and child health, regular de-worming is recommended and often delivered from mother and child health (MCH) clinics, yet there have been few studies monitoring the progress and impact of interventions on local levels of disease. A cross-sectional parasitological survey, supplemented with questionnaires, was therefore conducted across 10 Ungujan villages examining mothers (n=322) and their pre-school children (n=359). Within children, mean prevalence of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm was 8·6% (95% CI 5·5–11·8), 18·9% (95% CI 14·5–23·4) and 1·7% (95% CI 0·2–3·5) while in mothers mean prevalence was 6·7% (95% CI 3·7–9·7), 11·9% (95% CI 8·0–15·8) and 1·9% (95% CI 0·2–3·5), respectively. There was, however, significant spatial heterogeneity of STH by village, 2 villages having much elevated levels of infection, although general access to anthelminthics and utilization of village MCH clinics was good. Levels of parasite aggregation (k) were determined and a multilevel logistic regression model identified access to a household latrine [OR=0·56 (95% CI 0·32–0·99)] and having an infected household member [OR=3·72 (95% CI 2·22–6·26)] as observed risk factors. To further investigate worm burdens of Ascaris lumbricoides, adult worms were expelled using Combantrin® and measured. A negative relationship between mean worm burden and mean worm mass was found. Villages in the north of Unguja represent locations where there is elevated prevalence of both ascariasis and trichuriasis and it appears that local factors are particularly favourable for transmission of these helminths. From a perspective of control, in such locations, intervention efforts should be stepped up and greater efforts placed upon improving household sanitation.
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Ugbomoiko, U. S., and I. E. Ofoezie. "Multiple infection diagnosis of intestinal helminthiasis in the assessment of health and environmental effect of development projects in Nigeria." Journal of Helminthology 81, no. 3 (September 2007): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07685381.
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AbstractPatterns of intestinal helminth infections among school-aged children have been assessed in Eko-ende and Ore, as part of an overall assessment of the public health impact of Erinle Dam Reservoir in Osun State, Nigeria. The investigation was carried out between January and May 2005 using the Kato Katz thick smear technique and simple questionnaire for information on the bio-data, knowledge, attitude and practice of individuals towards disease transmission and control.Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm,Trichuris trichiura, Taeniaspp.,Strongyloides stercoralisandSchistosoma mansoniwere recovered at an overall prevalence of 78.3% among 309 children examined.Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm,T. trichiuraandS. mansoniwere the most common infections whileS. stercoralisandTaeniaspp. were found only among a few children. Infection patterns of the common diseases were age-specific with peaks in the 11–15 age bracket. Children not attending school were significantly (P < 0.05) more at risk of infection than those attending school. Multiple infections were pronounced with over 54% double infections and 6% four parasites or more infections. The need for urgent intervention to arrest the obviously serious public health situation attributable to Erinle Dam is emphasized.
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Farak Gomez, Juan. "Immunomodulation by helmintos: Possible use as therapy for autoimmune diseases." MOJ Biology and Medicine 6, no. 2 (2021): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojbm.2021.06.00139.
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Context: The incidence of autoimmune diseases and allergies has increased markedly in the last half of the 20th century, especially in more developed countries, with an increase in urbanization and hygiene that has led to the elimination of many parasitic infections. Objective: To analyze through scientific bibliographic sources the effects of the parasite load, especially helminthiasis, on the appearance of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Methodology: The documentary analysis of different scientific sources that refer to the theory of immunomodulation by helminths was used. Results: They suggest that the treatment of autoimmune diseases with helminths or products derived from them can have protective and therapeutic effects in these patients. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the immunodulation mechanisms carried out by helminths prevent patients from eliminating the parasites, but have beneficial effects on the course of some autoimmune diseases. Although the causal relationship is not fully proven, studies in animal models and clinical trials carried out in patients with autoimmune diseases suggest that their treatment with helminths or products derived from them may have protective and therapeutic effects in these patients.
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Stothard, J. R., J. Pleasant, D. Oguttu, M. Adriko, R. Galimaka, A. Ruggiana, F. Kazibwe, and N. B. Kabatereine. "Strongyloides stercoralis: a field-based survey of mothers and their preschool children using ELISA, Baermann and Koga plate methods reveals low endemicity in western Uganda." Journal of Helminthology 82, no. 3 (September 2008): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x08971996.
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AbstractTo ascertain the current status of strongyloidiasis in mothers and their preschool children, a field-based survey was conducted in western Uganda using a combination of diagnostic methods: ELISA, Baermann concentration and Koga agar plate. The prevalence of other soil-transmitted helminthiasis and intestinal schistosomiasis were also determined. In total, 158 mothers and 143 children were examined from five villages within Kabale, Hoima and Masindi districts. In mothers and children, the general prevalence of strongyloidiasis inferred by ELISA was ~4% and ~2%, respectively. Using the Baermann concentration method, two parasitologically proven cases were encountered in an unrelated mother and child, both of whom were sero-negative for strongyloidiasis. No infections were detected by Koga agar plate method. The general level of awareness of strongyloidiasis was very poor ( < 5%) in comparison to schistosomiasis (51%) and ascariasis (36%). Strongyloidiasis is presently at insufficient levels to justify inclusion within a community treatment programme targeting maternal and child health. Better epidemiological screening is needed, however, especially identifying infections in HIV-positive women of childbearing age. In the rural clinic setting, further use of the Baermann concentration method would appear to be the most immediate and pragmatic option for disease diagnosis.
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Michael, E., and D. A. P. Bundy. "Density dependence in establishment, growth and worm fecundity in intestinal helminthiasis: the population biology ofTrichuris muris(Nematoda) infection in CBA/Ca mice." Parasitology 98, no. 3 (June 1989): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000061540.
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SUMMARYThe results are presented of an experimental study of the population biology of chronicTrichuris muris(Nematoda) infection in cortisone-treated CBA/Ca mice. Attention is focused upon both the validity of the common use of faecal egg counts to demonstrate density dependence in helminth fecundity, and the identification of other possible density-dependent mechanisms that may regulate worm numbers in chronic trichuriasis. The results show that faecal egg counts, although demonstrating high daily variation, are not an artefact of host faecal output but a significant density-dependent function of worm burden. This finding contrasts with the observations onHeligmosomoides polygyrusinfection in outbred MF1 mice, but accords with similar studies in a wide variety of host - helminth systems. Worm establishment in the murine host is found to be a density related function of infection dose. This is attributed to the probable existence of a physical gut-carrying capacity in the murine host forT. muris. Worm distribution in the gut is also shown to be density dependent, with worms being displaced from the caecum to the colon at increasing intensities of infection. The sex ratio of the adult parasites, however, is found to be both unitary and independent of worm burden. Evidence for a significant density-dependent decline in femaleT. murisgrowth or size is presented. The results also show a significant positive association between femaleT. murisweight andper capitafecundity. These findings indicate that the stunted growth of individual worms at high parasite densities may be a potential mechanism underlying density dependence in helminth fecundity.
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Matovu, Enock, Claire Mack Mugasa, Peter Waiswa, Annah Kitibwa, Alex Boobo, and Joseph Mathu Ndung’u. "Haemoparasitic Infections in Cattle from a Trypanosoma brucei Rhodesiense Sleeping Sickness Endemic District of Eastern Uganda." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5010024.
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We carried out a baseline survey of cattle in Kaberamaido district, in the context of controlling the domestic animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis (rHAT) towards elimination. Cattle blood was subjected to capillary tube centrifugation followed by measurement of the packed cell volume (PCV) and examination of the buffy coat area for motile trypanosomes. Trypanosomes were detected in 561 (21.4%) out of 2621 cattle screened by microscopy. These 561 in addition to 724 apparently trypanosome negative samples with low PCVs (≤25%) were transported to the laboratory and tested by PCR targeting the trypanosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-1) as well as suspect Tick-Borne Diseases (TBDs) including Anaplasmamosis, Babesiosis, and Theileriosis. PCR for Anaplasma sp yielded the highest number of positive animals (45.2%), followed by Trypanosoma sp (44%), Theileria sp (42.4%) and Babesia (26.3%); multiple infections were a common occurrence. Interestingly, 373 (29%) of these cattle with low PCVs were negative by PCR, pointing to other possible causes of aneamia, such as helminthiasis. Among the trypanosome infections classified as T. brucei by ITS-PCR, 5.5% were positive by SRA PCR, and were, therefore, confirmed as T. b. rhodesiense. Efforts against HAT should therefore consider packages that address a range of conditions. This may enhance acceptability and participation of livestock keepers in programs to eliminate this important but neglected tropical disease. In addition, we demonstrated that cattle remain an eminent reservoir for T. b. rhodesiense in eastern Uganda, which must be addressed to sustain HAT elimination.
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Cunningham, Lucas J., J. Russell Stothard, Mike Osei-Atweneboana, Samuel Armoo, Jaco J. Verweij, and Emily R. Adams. "Developing a real-time PCR assay based on multiplex high-resolution melt-curve analysis: a pilot study in detection and discrimination of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome species." Parasitology 145, no. 13 (August 28, 2018): 1733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001361.
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AbstractWith the push towards control and elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis in low- and middle-income countries, there is a need to develop alternative diagnostic assays that complement the current in-country resources, preferably at a lower cost. Here, we describe a novel high-resolution melt (HRM) curve assay with six PCR primer pairs, designed to sub-regions of the nuclear ribosomal locus. Used within a single reaction and dye detection channel, they are able to discriminate Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiuria and Schistosoma spp. by HRM curve analysis. Here we describe the primers and the results of a pilot assessment whereby the HRM assay was tested against a selection of archived fecal samples from Ghanaian children as characterized by Kato–Katz and real-time PCR analysis with species-specific TaqMan hydrolysis probes. The resulting sensitivity and specificity of the HRM was 80 and 98.6% respectively. We judge the assay to be appropriate in modestly equipped and resourced laboratories. This method provides a potentially cheaper alternative to the TaqMan method for laboratories in lower resource settings. However, the assay requires a more extensive assessment as the samples used were not representative of all target organisms.
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STOTHARD, J. R., L. CHITSULO, T. K. KRISTENSEN, and J. UTZINGER. "Control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: progress made, new opportunities and remaining challenges." Parasitology 136, no. 13 (October 9, 2009): 1665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009991272.
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SUMMARYSeveral other journal supplements have documented progress made in the control of schistosomiasis in Egypt, China and Brazil, however, with more than 97% of the schistosome infections now estimated to occur in Africa, the relevance of this special issue in Parasitology cannot be overemphasized. In total, 18 articles are presented, inclusive of a lead-editorial from the WHO highlighting a seminal resolution at the 54th World Health Assembly in 2001 that advocated de-worming. Facilitated by a US$ 30 million grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2002, the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative subsequently fostered implementation of large-scale schistosomiasis (and soil-transmitted helminthiasis) control programmes in six selected African countries. From 2005, CONTRAST, a European union-funded consortium, was formed to conduct multi-disciplinary research pertaining to optimisation of schistosomiasis control. Progress made in schistosomiasis control across sub-Saharan Africa since the turn of the new millennium is reviewed, shedding light on the latest findings stemming from clinical, epidemiological, molecular and social sciences research, inclusive of public health interventions with monitoring and evaluation activities. New opportunities for integrating the control of schistosomiasis and other so-called neglected tropical diseases are highlighted, but more importantly, several opportune questions that arise from it frame the remaining challenges ahead for an enduring solution.
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Sousa-Figueiredo, J. C., M. Day, M. Betson, C. Rowell, A. Wamboko, M. Arinaitwe, F. Kazibwe, N. B. Kabatereine, and J. R. Stothard. "Field survey for strongyloidiasis in eastern Uganda with observations on efficacy of preventive chemotherapy and co-occurrence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis/intestinal schistosomiasis." Journal of Helminthology 85, no. 3 (October 20, 2010): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x10000623.
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AbstractFollowing our previous field surveys for strongyloidiasis in western Uganda, 120 mothers and 232 children from four villages in eastern Uganda were examined, with two subsequent investigative follow-ups. As before, a variety of diagnostic methods were used: Baermann concentration, Koga agar plate and strongyloidid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as Kato–Katz faecal smears for detection of eggs of other helminths. At baseline, the general prevalence ofStrongyloides stercoraliswas moderate: 5.4% as estimated by Baermann and Koga agar methods combined. A much higher estimate was found by ELISA (42.3%) which, in this eastern setting, appeared to be confounded by putative cross-reaction(s) with other nematode infections. Preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel and albendazole was offered to all participants at baseline. After 21 days the first follow-up was conducted and ‘cure rates’ were calculated for all parasites encountered. Eleven months later, the second follow-up assessed longer-term trends. Initial treatments had little, if any, effect onS. stercoralis,and did not alter local prevalence, unlike hookworm infections and intestinal schistosomiasis. We propose that geographical patterns of strongyloidiasis are likely not perturbed by ongoing praziquantel/albendazole campaigns. Antibody titres increased after the first follow-up then regressed towards baseline levels upon second inspection. To better define endemic areas forS. stercoralis, careful interpretation of the ELISA is warranted, especially where diagnosis is likely being confounded by polyparasitism and/or other treatment regimens; new molecular screening tools are clearly needed.
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Chowdhury, MGA, MA Habib, MZ Hossain, UK Rima, PC Saha, MS Islam, S. Chowdhury, KM Kamaruddin, SMZH Chowdhury, and MAHNA Khan. "Passive surveillance on occurrence of deadly infectious, noninfectious and zoonotic diseases of livestock and poultry in Bangladesh and remedies." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 16, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v16i1.37429.
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Passive surveillance system was designed with the data (102,613 case records) collected from the Government Veterinary Hospitals, Bangladesh and frequency distribution of diseases was calculated during July 2010 to June 2013. Frequently occurring diseases/ disease conditions reported in livestock were fascioliasis (10.66%), diarrhoea (7.92%), mastitis (7.42%), foot and mouth disease (6.42%), parasitic gastroenteritis (6.31%), coccidiosis (5.5%), Peste des petits ruminants (PPR,5.32%), anthrax (4.19%) and black quarter (3.74%). Diarrhoea and coccidiosis were reported to occur throughout the year. The frequency of fascioliasis appeared higher in buffaloes (34%) followed by sheep (22%), goats (13%) and cattle (11%). PPR is a deadly infectious disease of goats and sheep, accounted for 20% and 13% infectivity in respective species. In chicken the most frequently occurring diseases reported were Newcastle disease (28%), fowl cholera (19%) and coccidiosis (11%). In ducks, duck viral enteritis (28%), duck viral hepatitis (17%), diarrhoea (15%), coccidiosis (10%) and intestinal helminthiasis (10%) were the commonest diseases reported in Bangladesh. Few other endemic diseases of livestock and poultry like Tuberculosis, brucellosis, avian influenza, duck anatipestifer, Marek’s disease, Gumboro disease, avian tuberculosis, mycoplasmosis, dermatophilosis etc. were not included in the hospital data sheet. Financial hurdles persist in a country like Bangladesh, imposing difficulties onto the surveillance and early reporting of the disease outbreaks; these diseases are, therefore, stubbornly prevalent. Development of technological and knowledgeable man power, in time surveillance and early warning of disease outbreak are the key to protect animal and public health and produce safe food of animal origin.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 129-144 (2018)
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Nwosu, C. O., A. F. Ogunrinade, and B. O. Fagbemi. "Prevalence and seasonal changes in the gastro-intestinal helminths of Nigerian goats." Journal of Helminthology 70, no. 4 (December 1996): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00015625.
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AbstractA total of 120 gastro-intestinal tracts and 960 faecal samples were examined to assess the prevalence and seasonal changes in the gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of Red Sokoto (maradi) goats slaughtered at Ibadan between May 1991 and April 1992. Egg types of strongyles, Strongyloides, Trichuris, Skrjabinema, Dicrocoelium and Moniezia were encountered in 93%, 83%, 44%, 0.9%, 2.3% and 31% of the faecal samples respectively. However, only strongyle, Strongyloides and Trichuris eggs occurred in large numbers and were more common during the rainy season than in the dry season. The parasites recorded and their prevalences were Haemonchus contortus (90.0%), H. ovis (5.0%), Strongyloides papillosus (80.8%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (78.3%), T. axei (69.2%), Trichuris ovis (72.5%), T. globulosa (38.3%), Oesophagostomum columbianum (67.5%), Cooperia curticei (58.3%) Gaigeria pachyscelis (40.8%), Skrjabinema ovis (5.0%), Nematodirus battus (5.8%), Moniezia expansa (29.2%), M. benedeni (10.0%), Paramphistomum spp. (5.0%) and Cysticercus tenuicollis (33.3%). Haemonchus ovis is reported for the first time in Nigeria. Mixed infections were most prevalent. Young goats were more commonly infected and had higher worm counts than adult goats. Only Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides and Cooperia spp. occurred in large numbers. Irrespective of the age of the goats, higher worm counts were generally encountered during the rainy season than in the dry season. The results are discussed in relation to the control of helminthiasis in grazing animals in Nigeria.
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Chaisiri, K., M. Chou, C. C. Siew, S. Morand, and A. Ribas. "Gastrointestinal helminth fauna of rodents from Cambodia: emphasizing the community ecology of host–parasite associations." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000869.
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AbstractExtensive field surveys of rodents were conducted in Cambodia from 2008 to 2014 to study the diversity and ecology of helminth infection in wild rodent populations. Gastrointestinal helminths were isolated from 14 species of rodents (569 individuals) trapped from different habitats (forest, dry land, rain-fed land and human settlements) in four provinces of Cambodia (Krong Preah Sihanouk, Mondolkiri, Pursat and Steung Treng). The average prevalence of parasitic infection was 58.5% (range, 16.0–64.7%), and 19 helminth taxa were identified in total. Trichostrongylid nematodes were the most prevalent (25.8%), followed byRaillietinasp. (14.1%),Gongylonema neoplasticum(10.7%),Syphacia muris(9.8%) andHymenolepis diminuta(9.6%). Potential rodent-borne zoonotic helminths were also identified, and the risks of helminthiasis were discussed. The status of helminth infection and species diversity in rodents from settlements were significantly lower than in rodents from forest and peri-domesticated habitats, which indicates that habitat alteration might affect helminth infection and diversity in rodent hosts. Generalized linear models revealed that host attributes (host species and maturity) and environmental factors (habitat and geographical location) were explanatory variables for helminth infection in these rodents. Using network analyses, we showed that the oriental house rat,Rattus tanezumi, was the most central host in the rodent–helminth assemblage, based on the number of helminth taxa it shared with other rodent species. Therefore,R. tanezumicould play an important role in rodent–helminth interactions and helminth transmission to other rodent hosts.
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Ramírez, Angie L., Giovanny Herrera, Marina Muñoz, Laura Vega, Lissa Cruz-Saavedra, Diego García-Corredor, Martin Pulido-Medellín, et al. "Describing the intestinal microbiota of Holstein Fasciola-positive and -negative cattle from a hyperendemic area of fascioliasis in central Colombia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): e0009658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009658.
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The ability to identify compositional changes in the intestinal microbiota of parasitized hosts is important for understanding the physiological processes that may affect animal productivity. Within the field of host–parasite interactions, many studies have suggested that helminths can influence the microbial composition of their hosts via their immunomodulatory effects. Bovine fascioliasis is a helminthiasis widely studied by immunologists, but with little information available regarding gut microbial communities. Thus, we aimed to describe the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Holstein Fasciola-positive and -negative cattle using parasitological methods and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Bovine fecal samples (n = 65) were obtained from livestock slaughter plants in the Cundi-Boyacense Colombian highlands (a hyperendemic region for bovine fascioliasis) and studied by amplicon-based next-generation 16S-rRNA and 18S-rRNA gene sequencing. From these samples, 35 were Fasciola hepatica-negative and, 30 were F. hepatica-positive in our detection analysis. Our results showed a reduction in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Ascomycota in the Fasciola-positive samples, along with decreased relative abundances of the commensal taxa previously associated with fermentation and digestion processes. However, metabolomic approaches and functional analyzes of the intestinal microbiota are necessary to support these hypothesis. These findings are a small first step in the development of research aimed at understanding how microbial populations in bovines are modulated in liver helminth infections.
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Bondarenko, G. A., T. I. Trukhina, and I. A. Solovieva. "Features of the epizootiological process for the main helminthiasis in cattle in the Amur region." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-58-1-75-80.
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The effectiveness of the fight against helminthiases depends on the knowledge of their epizootology, age and seasonal dynamics. The Amur Region is located in a sharp continental climate zone, which affects the living conditions and health status of farm animals, including the development of various parasitic diseases that negatively affect the productivity of farm animals. The biological cycles of helminths are characterized by seasonal dynamics of development, since most of them take place with the participation of intermediate hosts that are sensitive to changes in climatic conditions (temperature, amount of precipitation), as well as to other factors. The determination of the onset of infection timing, the most unfavorable seasons and the main types of helminths are necessary for the prevention of helminthiasis in each specific region. It has been established that the basis of the population structure of helminthiases in cattle under the conditions of the Amur Region is trongylatoses, strongyloidiasis, neoascariasis and moniesiasis. The first eggs and larvae of Strongylata spp. Found in February – April. The greatest extent of invasion was observed in the winter period (February). Moniezia benedeni, as well as Neoascaris vitulorum, had the highest infection rates in the autumnwinter period. At the same time, in the annual dynamics, the first eggs of helminths in both species were found in February. Cases of detection of other helminths in cattle were first recorded mainly in the spring. Thus, the infection of cattle with helminths in the Amur Region does not depend on the grazing season, which should be taken into account when developing plans for anthelmintic measures in livestock farms.
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Garrido-Cardenas, Jose Antonio, Concepción Mesa-Valle, and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "Human parasitology worldwide research." Parasitology 145, no. 6 (November 9, 2017): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017001718.
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AbstractIn this article, the trends in human parasitology have been studied through the analysis of the number of publications in this area. The parameters studied were: number of articles, language, countries and institutions with the highest number of publications, and keywords with greater presence in the articles of human parasitology. The results of the analysis confirm the growing interest in this area, observing an exponential growth in the number of publications in the last decades. We also verified that the main country in terms of scientific production is the USA, although among the most important institutions, we find non-US centres such as the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. For observing the relative importance of the journals that publish articles in this specific topic, an index has been created based on theh-index of the journal with publications related to human parasitology and divided by every 100 items. This rank is led fist by ‘Journal of Medical Entomology’ closely followed by ‘Parasitology’. The analysis of the keywords allows to draw conclusions about the great importance of malaria in the current world research. A change in analytical methodology is also observed, and molecular techniques are now being imposed. These techniques, in the near future, have to influence in an improvement in the treatments and prevention of the diseases caused by parasites. Finally, it can be seen that diseases traditionally studied as helminthiasis and amebiasis are currently as well studied as others such as toxoplasmosis or leishmaniasis.
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Magnaval, J. F., C. Boucher, B. Morassin, F. Raoul, F. Raoul, C. Duranton, P. Jacquiet, P. Giraudoux, D. A. Vuitton, and R. Piarroux. "Epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis in southern Cantal, Auvergne region, France." Journal of Helminthology 78, no. 3 (September 2004): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2004242.
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AbstractAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a helminth zoonosis which is encountered only in the northern hemisphere. In central France, the Auvergne region represents the most western and southern extension of this helminthiasis. In 1999, a human case of AE was diagnosed in the southern part of the Cantal department, where AE was supposed absent, and an epidemiological survey was subsequently carried out. The transmission of the zoonosis in the sylvatic and peridomestic definitive hosts was studied, as well as that in the rodent and human intermediate hosts. Eleven red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were shot, and 50 fox faecal deposits were collected. Twelve farm dogs had their faeces taken by rectal touch, and four were checked after arecoline purgation. Optical detection ofEchinococcus multilocularisworms was achieved on fox intestines after scraping, and also on dog stools after arecoline therapy. Coproantigen ELISA assay was performed for the 11 scraping products, for the 50 fox faeces, and for the 12 dog faecal samples. No adult AE agent was observed by microscopy, and the ELISA assay yielded positive results in one of 11 fox intestines, one of 50 fox faeces, and 2 of 12 dog faecal samples. Twenty-five small mammals were trapped, of which 19 wereArvicola terrestriswater voles. One rodent liver exhibited a hepatic lesion consistent with AE. An epidemiological questionnaire was completed in 85 human volunteers, who were also serologically tested for AE. Only one (the case's husband) exhibited a Western-blotting pattern indicative of a low-grade AE infection. The results of this preliminary study suggested a slow AE extension to the south of Cantal department from the northern focus.
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LEVECKE, BRUNO, SIMON J. BROOKER, STEFANIE KNOPP, PETER STEINMANN, JOSE CARLOS SOUSA-FIGUEIREDO, J. RUSSELL STOTHARD, JÜRG UTZINGER, and JOZEF VERCRUYSSE. "Effect of sampling and diagnostic effort on the assessment of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis and drug efficacy: a meta-analysis of six drug efficacy trials and one epidemiological survey." Parasitology 141, no. 14 (April 14, 2014): 1826–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013002266.
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SUMMARYIt is generally recommended to perform multiple stool examinations in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy when assessing the impact of mass drug administration programmes to control human intestinal worm infections and determining efficacy of the drugs administered. However, the collection and diagnostic work-up of multiple stool samples increases costs and workload. It has been hypothesized that these increased efforts provide more accurate results when infection and drug efficacy are summarized by prevalence (proportion of subjects infected) and cure rate (CR, proportion of infected subjects that become egg-negative after drug administration), respectively, but not when these indicators are expressed in terms of infection intensity and egg reduction rate (ERR). We performed a meta-analysis of six drug efficacy trials and one epidemiological survey. We compared prevalence and intensity of infection, CR and ERR based on collection of one or two stool samples that were processed with single or duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. We found that the accuracy of prevalence estimates and CR was lowest with the minimal sampling effort, but that this was not the case for estimating infection intensity and ERR. Hence, a single Kato-Katz thick smear is sufficient for reporting infection intensity and ERR following drug treatment.
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Melnychuk, V. V. "Особливості морфометричної будови імаго Oesophagostomum venulosum (Rudolphi, 1809)." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 78 (April 6, 2017): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7819.
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The study of biodiversity, morphological and biological peculiarities of pathogens of invasive animal diseases in natural and anthropogenically transformed ecosystems is an important task of modern population and applied ecological parasitology. The dominant position among helminthiasis of the digestive organs in ruminants occupy strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the components of the strongylates fauna, which parasitizes on sheep, is Oesophagostomum venulosum Rudolphi, 1809.In order to study the morphological features of the structure of imaginal forms of nematodes of the species Oe. venulosum and determination of their differential metric characteristics, the study of sexually mature oesophagostomes isolated from the intestines of sheep was conducted. Collection of helminths was carried out by the method of complete helminthology of the thick intestine of animals. The congenital morphological features of oesophagostomes are the presence of a clearly separated main vesicle, well-developed major papillae, the outer and inner radial corona around the mouth. Species Oe. venulosum in females is characterized by peculiarities in the structure of the caudal end, vulva, oviduct, vagina. It was found that the length of the body and main vesicle in females was 27.73 and 9.3% higher than that of males and averaged 18.75 ± 0.58 mm and 0.43 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. Indices of body width and major vesicles of mature males and females ranged 0,30–0,64 mm, 0,34–0,43 mm and did not differ significantly. New data on morphological and metric parameters of females Oe. venulosum, which increase the effectiveness of differentiation of helminths to the species. The parameters of the esophagus width in different sites, the width of the body in the vulva and the anus, the width and length of the spherical protrusion in the vulva area are determined. It was found that the length of the eggs in the femoral cavity and in the secretion it secretes significantly changes, the eggs are thickened, decreasing by 13.97%. The length and width of the eggs allocated by the female Oe. venulosum, on average, is 82.51 ± 2.37 and 53.51 ± 1.17 μm, respectively, and have a structure characteristic of the strongylidsc type eggs.