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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Animal husbandry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Lund, Vonne. "Ethics and animal welfare in organic animal husbandry : an interdisiplinary approach /." Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/8803573.pdf.

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2

Fontana, I. "SOUND TECHNOLOGY IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TO ASSESS ANIMAL WELFARE, BEHAVIOUR AND PRODUCTION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/340793.

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This thesis describes a methodology of Precision Livestock Farming, to investigate animal health and welfare, through the monitoring of animal behaviours and vocalisations using image and sounds analysis instead of the visual observation methods. The main purpose of PLF is to improve the production efficiency, increasing animal and human health and welfare, through the application of advanced information and technologies, to control the entire production process. This thesis was particularly dedicated to the importance of using new technologies and methodologies to improve animal health, welfare and production.

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3

Redling, Kerstin. "Rare Earth Elements in Agriculture with Emphasis on Animal Husbandry." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-59362.

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4

Guiry, Eric. "Tracing colonial animal trade and husbandry using stable isotope analyses." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59276.

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Domestic animals, particularly cattle and pigs, were a cornerstone of European colonial projects around the globe (ca. 1500-1900 AD). Livestock husbandry and trade provided not only a source of food, labour, and raw materials for daily life, but also held symbolic significance as a factor in establishing colonial group identity. This dissertation uses stable isotope analyses to reconstruct domestic animal trade and husbandry practices associated with the global expansion of European colonial activities into the New World between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Research has been divided into three standalone projects, each designed to make a significant contribution to the current literature in the field of isotopic-zooarchaeological analyses. These projects are unified through a common theme of exploring the social roles of animal husbandry and trade and, together, provide a cohesive demonstration of how historical and isotopic faunal records can be integrated to advance archaeological interpretations of human-animal interactions. Paper 1 presents the first stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope study of faunal remains from the unique archaeological context of a shipwreck (the William Salthouse, sunk in 1841), which provides an outstanding opportunity to assess how faunal isotopic patterns at archaeological consumption sites would be influenced by inclusion of animal products acquired through long-distance transportation. Paper 2 presents a stable carbon and nitrogen isotope study of domestic livestock and meat trade in nineteenth-century Upper Canada (now Ontario). This is the first large-scale isotopic analysis of historical faunal remains in North America and shows how consumption of foreign and local animal products can be linked with different groups of people to reveal social dimensions of meat trade in urban settings. Paper 3 presents stable carbon and nitrogen analyses of faunal remains for the seventeenth-century shipwreck La Belle, associated with La Salle’s famous attempt to colonize the mouth of the Mississippi River. This study reconstructs pig husbandry practices in the context of detailed firsthand historical accounts to show that for La Salle’s colonists, domestic animal husbandry likely reflected significant cultural importance, rather than economic and subsistence factors.
Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate

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5

Marques, Joana M. "Refinement of mouse husbandry for improved animal welfare and research quality /." Uppsala : Dept of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007104.pdf.

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6

Olsson, Anna. "Motivation in laying hens : studies of perching and dustbathing behaviour /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5923-0.pdf.

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7

Nava, S. "ELECTRONIC TRACEABILITY SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY: FROM FIELD SURVEY TO COMPUTERIZED MANAGEMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/153541.

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The work carried out within the PhD was divided on the development of three different automation systems in the livestock industry for cattle, sheep and goat: Study and development of an integrated automatic traceability system for the bovine meat chain In Italy, the bovine meat production chain is extremely complex both under structural and organizational profile. This is due to: high number of operators involved; large fragmentation in agricultural and industrial phases; existence of remarkable import flow of animals and meat; commercial channels complexity. Traceability can be easily reached in each single separate step of the food chain (breeding, slaughtering, packaging and selling). Problems arise in integrating each productive process subsystem. Aim of the project was to study and develop an integrated automatic traceability system for the bovine meat chain based on RFID technologies. RFID tags were used to identify: animals; hooks used in the slaughtering for the carcass transport and storing; anatomical cuts. RFID readers were installed at: farm livestock gates; slaughtering entrance; each working station in the dissection area; stock rooms. All the system was controlled by using a software divided into three main sections for the: livestock; slaughtering; stock room/shop. The system entailed the following phases: - Animal ear tag reading at farm level to identify and to record each productive step in the “Titvlvs” software; - Animal Ear tag reading through fixed antenna in slaughter house standstill corridor to send information to management software; - Animal Ear tag and hooks microchips combining in the evisceration area; - Carcass number attributing and label writing in weighting area; - Recording of carcass entry in dissection area, by using a photocell-spar system which identifies hooks; - Rewritable microchip adding in each vacuum-packed anatomical cut. - Every selling action recording, in the store/shop area, by using weighting systems connected to a web software able to perform a return control on the sold meat. The system was used in a cooperative productive organization of Northern Italy. Tests showed the functionality of the different components and the whole integration of the subsystems. Study and development of an integrated system for slurry management monitoring and electronic reports drawing up in cattle breeding Over some years a new concept, identified as “precision farming”, was introduced to improve field and farm management from agronomical, technical, environmental and economical perspectives through the use of new technologies, such as global positioning systems (GPS), sensors, satellite images and geographical information systems (GIS). Environmental and food safety regulations are becoming more and more hard-and-fast asking farmers to increase their organizational and technical skills for a well-integrated agro-territorial management. Aim of the research activity was the implementation of an integrated system for animal slurry management monitoring and electronic reports drawing up in cattle breeding in order to optimize the fertilization management and reduce the agricultural impacts. The developed system was based on the integration of the following mechanical, electronic and computational components: - Slurry production control subsystem, based on ultrasound sensors applied to slurry pits and pressure sensors applied to a slurry spreader; - Slurry spreading subsystem, constituted by an electronic card specifically developed and by a GPS/GSM device applied to tractors, able to automatically recognize the linkage with a slurry spreader and to notice its position on field; - Recording and spreading data visualization subsystem, based on a GIS able to elaborate slurry distribution maps with relative distributed quota and spreading periods; - Palm PC with a specific software (FarmWorks®) for field operations recording and data transfer to farm PC; - Management software (FarmWorks®) for field data filling and electronic reports drawing-up. The developed system, tested in a Northern Italy farm during 2008, has shown full functionality enabling to monitor animal slurry management (storage, collecting, spreading) and to optimize agricultural operations and fertilization management under an economical and environmental point of view. Study and development of a prototype collar sensitized with GPS technology to monitor the herds of livestock, the exploitation of grazing areas and for the avoidance of cattle stealing Cattle stealing, for Italian legislation, is an aggravated form of theft, which occurs with the removal of three or more head of cattle or sheep in order to profit from it (Article 625 n .8 - Penal Code). Since 2000, however, theft of livestock is a huge comeback affecting the entire country. In fact, in 2008 one hundred thousand head of cattle were stolen and intended to illegal slaughterhouses. It is, therefore, an offense that goes beyond the direct interests of agriculture affecting the whole community and, more specifically, product quality and public health. The approaches taken so far to try to counter the cattle theft phenomenon were limited to the territorial surveillance, on the other is not always feasible, especially in grazing areas often characterized by difficulties of access and remoteness from the farm.

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8

McLaren, Dorothy Kathleen. "By the book? : farming manuals, animal breeding and the English 'agricultural revolution'." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31005.

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English pastoral husbandry has been largely neglected by previous historians. It is generally agreed that the mid-eighteenth century saw a revolution in breeding practices, moving livestock husbandry from hopeless confusion to a controlled, 'scientific' selection for marketable traits. The academicians, mostly economic historians, who have developed this model of pastoral history rely heavily upon farming manuals dating from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries for evidence of the changes they claim to perceive. Agricultural manuals are complex literary documents. However, in the current historiography, the manuals are quoted as simple records of contemporaneous agricultural practice, the intricacies of authorship, audience and motive for publication being almost entirely ignored. A critical survey of the manuals which deal with pastoral husbandry beginning with the thirteenth, rather than the fifteenth, century reveals flaws in the use which has been made of the manuals and, therefore, in the conclusions which have been drawn from them. In order to accomplish a reconsideration of English pastoral husbandry, it is necessary to reincorporate the extant medieval farming manuals and to examine all didactic agricultural texts as representative of a single genre. Discussion of livestock husbandry was carried out in terms of generation and nutrition of animals. Therefore, any intimations of procedural changes or scientific influence upon breeding and feeding in the discussions of manuals which deal most extensively with pastoral husbandry should be noted as of particular interest. Finally, the manuals must be considered within a social context. It is here that the interaction of science and agriculture becomes particularly important, though as a tool for understanding the manuals as documents rather than solely as the motor for late eighteenth-century changes in livestock husbandry. Such an analysis reveals an amazing continuity of actual information in the agricultural manual genre. There are no changes in the depictions of practices of breeding and feeding. However, especially in the late seventeenth and eighteenth century texts, a preoccupation with attracting the attention of institutional science, particularly the Royal Society, emerges as a new trend. Yet there is no indication in the textual record that livestock husbandry was ever affected by 'Natural Philosophy'. Far from simply recording contemporary practice, agricultural manuals, especially those which expressed a desire to ally with institutional science, reveal themselves more as vehicles for their authors' social aspirations than as exemplars of agricultural practice. Once this is recognized, the prevailing models of pastoral husbandry lose credibility. Eighteenth-century animal breeding was no more nor less 'scientific' or intellectually sophisticated than preceeding breeding programs. In short, the use of farming manuals to corroborate economic models of agrarian development has been, at best, somewhat spurious. Studying livestock husbandry and its relationship to institutional science in medieval and early modern England can be peculiarly helpful in assisting to rectify this error.
Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate

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9

Maw, Stephen. "The effect of on-farm husbandry and housing conditions on pigmeat quality and eating characteristics." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244270.

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10

Hanlon, Alison Jane. "Effects of husbandry on immune function in farmed red deer and their implications for stress." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU090375.

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In experiment 1, groups of wild (W) and farmed (F) weaned calves were maintained at either high (H) or low housing (L) density. W calves had lower antibody titres and lower lymphocyte responses to antigen than F calves (P<0.05). At the start of the study, W and H calves exhibited a greater plasma cortisol response to ACTH than F and L calves, respectively (P<0.05), but thereafter there were no significant differences. Wild calves were less active than F calves (P<0.01) and WH calves were the most aggressive (P<0.1). In experiment 2, individual wild yearlings were grouped with farmed yearlings. Groups were remixed every week, for 4 weeks. The incidence of agnostic behaviour was greater in mixed deer than in the control deer, maintained in the same groups throughout the study (P<0.001). At the end of the study, mixed yearlings had greater plasma cortisol responses to ACTH than control deer (P<0.05). Lymphocyte response to antigen was lower in mixed than controls (P<0.05), but there were no differences in antibody response. In experiment 3, groups of weaned calves were subjected to either aversive (AV) or non-aversive (NAV) handling treatments. Lymphocyte responses to antigen tended to be lower in AV than NAV calves (P<0.05). After three weeks, AV had greater plasma cortisol responses to ACTH than NAV calves (P<0.05), but treatment had no measurable effect on fearfulness. In experiment 4, weaned calves were housed either individually (ISO) or in groups (GP). ISO were less active (P<0.001) than GP calves. Antibody and lymphocyte responses to antigen were greater (P<0.05) in ISO than GP calves. Overall, stressors associated with group-housing consistently lowered lymphocyte response to antigen, but antibody responses were less consistent. Differences in immune responses corresponded to changes in behaviour, but not productivity or cortisol response. It is concluded that social stress had a greater impact on immune function than social isolation and aversive handling.

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11

Peck-Janssen, Shannon Marie. "Animal Husbandry at Tell el Hesi (Israel): Results from Zooarchaeological and Isotopic Analysis." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001437.

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12

Vardaki, Evangelia A. "Consuming pastoralism in Crete : an anthropological insight in the archaeology of animal husbandry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395315.

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13

Chang, Tina Rhoda. "Development and evaluation of a behavioral husbandry program in a zoo setting." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29982.

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14

Nordstrom, Lisa A. "Tapirs and Rhinoceroses in Captivity: An Examination of the North American Captive Populations and their Husbandry." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6607.

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A..11 species of Tapiridae and Rhinocerotidae are threatened or endangered in the wild. Captive populations have been established for most of these species, but successful management has proved challenging. Effective ex situ conservation strategies, however, rely on the ability of zoological institutions to maintain and breed these endangered species. In this study, I examined the captive environment to identify the factors associated with reproduction, mortality, and health of rhinos and tapirs. Zoological institutions in the North American region that currently housed rhinos and/or tapirs were surveyed in 2003. Attaining an approximately 90% response rate, I compiled information on the following variables to describe the captive environment: number of enclosures, enclosure type, enclosure area, number of animals, public viewing, percent of walls surrounding the enclosure, enclosure substrate, topography, vegetation, mud wallows, pools, shelters, percent shade, climate, diet, feeding regime, time spent by keepers, and vaccinations. Information regarding the incidence of health problems also was obtained through the survey. Studbook data was used to obtain life history and demographic information. Three species of tapirs [Baird's (Tapirus bairdii), South American (T. terrestris), and Malay (T. indicus)] and three species of rhinos [black (Diceros bicornis), white (Ceratotherium simum), and Indian (Rhinoceros unicornis)] were included in this study. Due to the small captive population sizes, genetic and demographic Allee effects were detected. While tapirs responded similarly to their captive environment, each rhino species responded differently. Both exhibit area and completely were associated with the responses of captive tapirs and rhinos. Climate also was an influential factor for both groups of species. Other key factors included density, diet, keeper time, percent of public perimeter, and vaccinations. Complex interactions among the variables were found, including a nonlinear relationship between mean exhibit size and reproduction for black rhinos. The results of this study can be used to improve the captive management of tapirs and rhinos. By identifying the patterns associated with successful reproduction, reduced mortality, and fewer health problems, we can move towards establishing self-sustaining populations for these species. This goal is critical for the continued husbandry and conservation of these species.

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15

Almeida, Virgilio da Silva. "The development of animal health services for smallholder dairy farmers in northwest Portugal." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306745.

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16

Rutter, Steven Mark. "Fear in the domestic fowl : can aversion be measured?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24288.

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17

Brebner, Jocelyn. "The role of soil ingestion in the trace element nutrition of grazing livestock." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38242.

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18

Rudd, Andrew Robert. "The welfare of the peri-parturient sow and her piglets in experimental loose-housed and confined farrowing systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251924.

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19

Kabuga, Joseph Dabien. "Sources of variation in voluntary feed intake and nutrient utilization for milk production of dairy cows." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28319.

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20

Zanella, Adroaldo Jose. "Sow welfare indicators and their inter-relationships." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334184.

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21

Bardgett, Richard David. "The effects of changes in sheep management intensity on faunal/fungal interactions related to nutrient cycling in upland soils." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306429.

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22

Araghi, Mohammad. "The genetic analysis of a Suffolk group breeding scheme nucleus flock selected for lean meat production." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244058.

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23

Ocampo, Duran Alvaro. "High lipid diets based on palm oil for growing-fattening pigs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270837.

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24

Sandoval, Castro Carlos Alfredo. "The effect of restricted suckling, milking and nutritional management on milk production and calf performance in dual purpose cattle." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243645.

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25

Chwen, Loh Teck. "Growth performance,blood lipids and associated measurements in selected lines of pigs postweaning." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265061.

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26

Pulido-Albores, Angel Rosendo. "Evaluation of the impact of a technology transfer programme on dual purpose cattle production systems in Veracruz, Mexico." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251628.

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27

Boelling, Dorothee. "The influence of phenotype and genotype on locomotion in cattle." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338477.

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28

Hurst, David. "The influence of liquid feeding on gastrointestinal adaptation, growth and performance in the growing pig." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268859.

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29

Brookes, Julie Bridget. "An evaluation of tooth clipping in piglets." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262281.

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30

Hernandez-Mendo, Omar. "Effect of combining grazing with different periods of access to a maize silage-based diet indoors on performance and behaviour of lactating dairy cows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269694.

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31

Morris, Andrew John. "An evaluation of genetic selection in a commercial broiler breeder dam line." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339155.

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32

Pulido, Ruben G. "Interaction of pasture condition, concentrate supplementation and milk yield level in relation to dairy cow performance and behaviour." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311536.

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33

Gonzalez, Esquivel Carlos Ernesto. "Evaluation of suitability in dairy cattle production systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286689.

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34

King, Lesley Anne. "Environmental enrichment for broiler breeders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249541.

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35

Nicol, C. J. "A study of the behavioural needs of battery housed hens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375285.

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36

Bozkurt, Yalcin. "Physical and economic performance in grass/cereal beef systems." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296318.

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37

Lomas, Caroline Anne. "The effect of supplementary light on the behaviour, physiology and productivity of cattle." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239841.

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38

Komlosi, Istvan. "The application of computer image analysis to predict conformation in sheep." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385818.

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39

Kitwood, Sarah Elizabeth. "Studies of the relationship between nutrition and fertililty in the dairy cow." Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291719.

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40

Al-Masoudi, Abdul-Rahman Hamoud. "Aspects of ewe productivity under frequent lambing systems for Barri sheep in Yemen and Poll Dorset sheep in the UK." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312404.

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41

Al-Shami, Salah Abdulaziz. "Observations on the foraging behaviour of sheep using a high-level feeder technique." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310871.

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42

Rind, Muhammad Ismail. "Social effects on the feeding behaviour and production of dairy cows." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240136.

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43

Lee, Michael Richard F. "The use of novel forages to increase the synchrony of nitrogen and energy release in the reticulo-rumen of sheep and beef steers." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364898.

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44

Barber, Sarah Ann. "Growth, carcass composition and meat quality of Angora goats reared for fibre production." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2704.

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The effects of age and plane of nutrition on the body and carcass composition and mohair fibre yield and quality of British Angora wether goats slaughtered at six, 12, 18 and 24 months of age were investigated. Carcass yield, composition and conformation improved with increasing age and plane of nutrition. Greasy fleece weight also increased with increasing age and plane of nutrition but fibre quality declined since the increase in mass was achieved by means of increased fibre diameter with no effect of age or plane of nutrition on the fibre elongation rate. There was a constant relationship between the increase in fibre diameter with age and fleece mass which was not affected by plane of nutrition. Similarly there was no significant effect of plane of nutrition on the relationships between fibre diameter and the weight of various body and carcass components. A strong relationship between fibre diameter and the weight of fat in the body or carcass suggested that the increase in fibre diameter with age of the goat was influenced by cumulative feed intake rather than by fat-free body size. The allometric growth patterns of the body and carcass of the Angora goat conformed with the patterns established for other domestic species, with early maturity of the external offal and vital organs, later maturity of the carcass and body fat, and a centripetal pattern of development. There was no effect of plane of nutrition on the allometric growth patterns of the fat-free body or carcass, but decreasing the plane of nutrition resulted in a uniform retardation of all body parts and carcass tissues and a significant effect on the relative growth rate of body and carcass fat. Regression equations were formulated to predict the half carcass composition of Angora wether goats using sample joint dissection data. The most accurate predictions were achieved with data from the leg and the best end of neck combined in multiple regression equations. A second experiment to investigate the effects of long term undernutrition followed by realimentation on the growth rate and composition of empty body weight gain revealed no evidence of compensatory liveweight gain in the Angora goat.

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45

Barber, John. "The rationalisation of drinking water supplies for pig housing." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2463.

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This study consisted of a series of experiments which investigated the water use of growing/finishing pigs (25-90 kg), newly weaned pigs (5- 12 kg) and gestating sows. Drinker type was found to affect water use in growing pigs. For example significantly more water (28 %) was used from Mono-flo nipple drinkers than Arato bite drinkers (P<0.01). For all classes of pigs studied water use was significantly increased by increasing the water delivery rate. The percent increase in water use over the extremes of water delivery rate tested in individual trials were respectively: ration fed growing pigs, 105 % (300-900 cm³ /min P<0.001); ad libitum fed growing pigs, 52% (200-1100 cm³/min P<0.01); gestating sows, 25% (500-2500 cm³/min P<0:01); and newly weaned pigs 109% (175-700 cm³ /min P<0.001). In newly weaned piglets, increasing the water delivery rate from 175 to 700 cm³/min resulted in a significant increase in feed intake (44 g/piglet/day, P<0.001) and growth rate (37 g/piglet/day, P<0.01). For growing pigs (27-55 kg), a relationship was established between water intake, feed intake and liveweight, from which it could be hypothesised that the pig had a limit to daily volumetric intake. This was found to be 12.0 ±1.2 % of liveweight. When feed intake was restricted, water intake increased to maintain the 12% volumetric limit. This hypothesis was validated from other published work extending the weight range to 105 kg. Evidence was produced indicating that newly weaned pigs also have a constant volumetric daily limit. It is suggested that in cases where feed intake needs to be restricted, water intake could be manipulated in order to limit feed intake. This would permit the wider use of ad lib feeding systems and the welfare benefits these allow. The water use of a grower/finisher unit was modelled according to a 12 % volumetric limit and the factors affecting water intake and wastage. The water intake of grower/finisher pigs was predicted using this model. This enabled the percentage of water wasted by different drinker types and delivery rates to be estimated. For wet fed pigs, increasing the water to feed ratio from 1.63:1 to 3. 25: 1 significantly increased feed digestibility (P<0. 05). As many experiments conducted to evaluate the digestible energy of feeds may have used low feed to water ratios (generally around 2:1) it is suggested that many of these studies have attributed incorrect nutritional values to raw materials used in diets for pigs.

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46

Hodgkiss, Nicola Jane. "Behaviour, welfare and nutrition of group-housed sows fed in an electronic sow feeding system." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2605.

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A programme of study was undertaken to assess the welfare status of multiparous gestating sows housed in dynamic groups in a straw yard and fed by electronic sow feeders (ESF). Comparison of production figures from the Seale-Hayne herd with those nationally confirmed its status as a typical commercial unit. In an initial series of investigations, detailed ethograms were compiled to describe the animals' repertoire of activities and interactions. Lying and straw manipulation were found to be the predominant behaviours and attacks directed towards the head were the most commonly performed type of interaction. Although there was little evidence of aggressive behaviour, most interactions were found to occur in areas where there was an obvious source of competition, namely the feeding and lying areas. A recording scale was devised to assess the level of skin damage arising from aggressive interactions. Whilst data revealed a relationship between parity and the extent of injury, both the frequency and intensity of injury were found to be low for all animals and there was very little evidence of vulva biting, commonly cited as a major criticism of group-housing systems. Animals were observed to rest predominantly in the lying area. There was an association between parity and resting location, with older animals occupying those areas perceived to be more favourable. Recently introduced gilts and sows were observed to integrate gradually with the main group. An argument is put forward for the existence of sub-groups based upon parity within the main group, although it was concluded that it was difficult to prove such a theory. A series of voluntary feed intake (VFI) trials revealed that the animals' feeding motivation was not satisfied by the allowance fed in gestation. Results from a trial when animals were offered a high fibre, low energy diet in comparison with their conventional feed suggested that the animals had a requirement for a certain level of energy and were not motivated simply by a desire for gut-fill. However, a subsequent investigation into the animals feeding behaviour did not reveal any evidence of a frustrated feeding motivation; there was little evidence of non-feeding visits and few animals were recorded in the feed queue throughout the day. It is concluded that sows can be group-housed in a dynamic system on a restricted feed intake without detriment to their welfare or productivity status. A number of factors were found to be critical to the success of such a system including the freedom for animals to behave as individuals, the regular provision of fresh straw and adequate space for newly introduced animals to integrate gradually with the herd.

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47

Ramkumar, S. N. "The analysis of farmer information systems for feeding dairy cattle in two villages of Kerala State, India." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240285.

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48

Hossain, Mohammad Mujaffar. "Strategies for feeding barley straw to growing Saanen goats : effect of amount of straw offered or amount of concentrate fed on growth and on intake and selection of straw." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357856.

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49

Singh, Simrat Sagar. "Aetio-pathology of foot lameness in cattle." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240893.

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50

Morrow, Alan Thomas Samuel. "Studies on voluntary feed intake of growing pigs with reference to behaviour and efficiency of food utilization." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333822.

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