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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal industry, law and legislation'
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1
CORDEIRO-RODRIGUES, Luis. "South African Animal Legislation and Marxist Philosophy of Law." Cultura 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul012019.0002.
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Marxist Philosophy as an explanation of social reality has, since the fall of the Berlin Wall, been largely neglected. However, some philosophers have contended that it may still be relevant to explain today’s social reality. In this article, I wish to demonstrate precisely that Marxist philosophy can be relevant to understand social reality. To carry out this task, I show that Marxist philosophy of law can offer a sound explanation of Animal law in South Africa. My argument is that South African law is a superstructure that reinforces the power of the animal farming industry in South Africa. That is, the hidden purpose of the law is to benefit the industry. In order to argue for this, I present two sets of arguments. The first set argues that the law facilitates the functioning of the animal farming industry. In the second set of arguments I contend that the law socialises individuals into approving the methods of slaughtering by the animal farming industry.
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Garratt, John K., and Steven P. McCulloch. "Wild Fish Welfare in UK Commercial Sea Fisheries: Qualitative Analysis of Stakeholder Views." Animals 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202756.
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An estimated 1.5–2.7 billion wild fish are caught by UK commercial sea fishing fleets annually. Most are subjected to severe stressors during capture; stunning is rare and gutting alive is common practice. Fish are recognised in UK law as sentient beings, but commercially caught wild fish are excluded from welfare protections. Animal welfare impacts in wild capture sea fisheries are therefore on a massive scale, with major potential for legislative and market-based reforms. Interviews were conducted with 18 experts working within the fishing and seafood industry, fisheries management, scientific research and animal/fish advocacy organisations. The findings reveal a significant welfare gap between societally acceptable ways to treat sentient animals and the reality of capture fisheries. The participants pointed to harms caused to fish throughout different stages of the capture process caused by combinations of variables from fishing gear and methods to biological, environmental and other factors, noting that all require mitigation. Interviews revealed that the nature of harms may be exacerbated by conservative attitudes towards brutal practices in the industry, driven by profit and efficiency and free from legal restraint. To address the welfare gap, stakeholders favour engagement with the industry to improve understanding of harms and to identify mutually beneficial and shared objectives through alleviating stressors to fish in the capture process. This empirical research is focused on UK wild capture sea fisheries. However, given the dearth of welfare legislation globally, it has significance for fishing nations and the many billions of wild sea fish captured each year around the world.
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ZHU, TAN, JING WU, and I.-SHIN CHANG. "REQUIREMENTS FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN CHINA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 07, no. 01 (March 2005): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333205001906.
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The Environmental Impact Assessment Law (EIA Law) of the People's Republic of China was adopted on 28 October 2002. It is the most progressive legislation addressing environmental issues in China to be developed over the past decade. The new EIA Law explicitly states that environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required for both new construction projects and plans. The types of plans covered by the new EIA Law include: (1) integrated plans for land use and regional development, development of drainage areas and marine areas; (2) specific plans for industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, energy, water management, transportation, urban construction, tourism and the development of natural resources. EIA for construction projects has been implemented in China for more than 20 years. Through this new EIA Law, the legal status of EIA for construction projects has been elevated from administrative legislation to State Law. EIA for plans is a type of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) where the concept of SEA is for the first time being advocated by the State at this level. This paper emphasises the legal requirements of SEA set forth by this new EIA Law, such as major purposes, key elements and procedures of EIA for plans.
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Berezovska, I. "LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (GMP) FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN THE EU: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 137 (2018): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2018.137.0.65-76.
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The article comprehensively analyzes current legislation of the European Union on Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for veterinary medicinal products in particular the provisions of Directives No. 91/412 and No. 2001/82, and describes GMP main elements. It is noted that as a result of EU-Ukraine Association Agreement signing a new stage in the development of Ukrainian legislation regarding the turnover of veterinary medicinal products has begun, which is characterized by the increased impact of EU law on the legal regulation of this industry. The state of the appropriate national legislation reforming was analyzed. It was proved that today the main directions of such reforming are related to the integrated introduction of Good Manufacturing Practice and to the restoration of the production of veterinary medicinal products licensing. The importance of prompt and effective completion of these reforms which will have significant consequences not only for the national pharmaceutical industry, but also for the protection of the health of animals and people in general, was underscored. It was emphasized that the scale of the obligations undertaken by Ukraine to harmonize the legislation on the circulation of veterinary medicinal products requires prompt and qualified organizational work by the Ukrainian competent authorities.
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Mushenok, Viktor. "Legal protection of natural resources from the negative impact of agricultural activity." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-3-52-57.
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The article considers the existing mechanisms of legal regulation of the impact of agricultural activities on the environment, as well as the preservation of natural resources necessary to ensure quantitative and qualitative employment in crop production and animal husbandry in agriculture. The position that the quality and level of development of agricultural production directly depends on the state of natural resources is confirmed. The generalization is made that the development of special legal regulation of greening of the norms of the domestic agrarian legislation at obvious strengthening of influence on environment of negative influence of processes of agricultural production does not lose urgency. The following proposals for improving certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030» are provided. Legislative consolidation of measures is proposed: reduction of negative impact on the environment of the results of intensification of processes in agriculture; technological development of agricultural production in the field of crop production through the introduction of technologies for biologization (greening) of agriculture and ensuring the production of organic agricultural products; increasing the productivity of arable land and obtaining high and stable yields of the crop industry, provided that sufficient doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, etc. Defined as a prospect for further research – the study and borrowing from domestic legislation of best practices of legal regulation of agricultural relations in the European Union.
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Yang, Meng. "Comparative Study on Marine Environmental Protection Legislation Between China and Japan from The Perspective of International Environmental Law." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 1 (July 6, 2022): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v1i.649.
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With the development of the economy and the rapid expansion of the global population, the effective utilization of marine resources has become an important way to alleviate the burden of the global population and environmental pressure. After entering the 21st century, the ocean is a strong driving force to promote the sustainable development of human society, however, with the development of industry, many countries have more or less fallen into the “vicious circle” of developing at the expense of the ecological environment for economic benefit. In recent years, a large number of chemicals by human activities and exploitation at sea has caused an imbalance of ecological environment in large area of sea areas; Discharging a large amount of industrial wastewater into the ocean, has deepened the degree of eutrophication is greatly and resulting in frequent red tides; the dumping of land waste makes it impossible for marine life to survive, and a large number of marine plants and animals died. In order to protect the natural environment, International environmental law was concluded in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1972. Both China and Japan are maritime powers, and detailed marine environmental protection laws and regulations have been formulated on the basis of international environmental law. This paper makes a comparative analysis on the similarities and differences of marine environmental protection legislation between China and Japan, and it is believed that Japan pays more attention to the protection of the domestic environment，while China has assumed more responsibilities as a big country in the legislation of marine environmental protection.
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Lee, Alvin, and Claire Lambert. "Corporate Social Responsibility in McDonald’s Australia." Asian Case Research Journal 21, no. 02 (December 2017): 393–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927517500146.
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This case focuses on marketing public policy and legislation issues in the business environment. The Commonwealth Government of Australia wants to impose mandatory warning labels for fast-food served by quick-service chainrestaurants like McDonald’s. These warnings are to appear on fast-food packaging to warn diners of the possible harms arising from consuming fast-food. This is similar to the warnings that are used in Australia on tobacco product packages. This highlights a turning point where legislators appear to be heeding calls of vocal pressure groups to curb and legislate the industry’s activities. The loudest calls have appeared in well-publicized legal cases and film documentaries like Super-Size Me. McDonald’s has been well-aware of these challenges. The company continues to respond and fight legal challenges on these points. As a result, the company has improved its supply chain, employees’ work-conditions, their treatment of animals, their stores, food and customer service to offer leaner, healthier and more upmarket products. The few vocal critics who have secured media coverage seem to rely on sensationalizing the issue — e.g., eating McDonald’s for 30 days makes you fat. They seem to ignore the results from other experiments where people who ate suitable portions of McDonald’s food for the same 30 day period actually lost weight. Other challenges that have been found to be lies in courts of law include allegations of animal cruelty, unsafe food and food that makes people obese. Yet the public continue to believe these allegations. Can the industry do more, or do something different, to change people’s minds?
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Rogiers, Vera. "Ecopa: A Powerful Concept in the Way Forward for Alternative Methods." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 30, no. 2_suppl (December 2002): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290203002s31.
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ecopa, the European Consensus-Platform on Alternatives, is an international not-for-profit organisation, based in Belgium and complying with Belgian Law. It is the only quadripartite organisation that promotes the Three Rs at the European level. Ecopa brings together national consensus platforms on alternative methods. Consensus means that all parties concerned are represented, including animal welfare, industry, academia and government. Ecopa currently includes the National Platforms of 14 EU Member States (or future Member States; eight full members, namely, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the UK, and six associate members, being the Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Norway, Poland and Sweden). Ecopa also has three working groups, concerned with: a) the 6th Framework Programme of the EC for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities; b) the EC White Paper Strategy for a Future EU Chemicals Policy; and c) the formation of educational programmes on alternative methods within the EU. Ecopa is thus uniquely placed and has huge expertise to offer to the debate around political topics, including the White Paper, the 6th Framework Programme, and the 7th Amendment of the EU Cosmetics Directive. Ecopa should be considered a key stakeholder by the European Commission and Parliament, and it is essential that the views of ecopa are fully incorporated into future legislation. Recently, the ecopa working groups made a strong common statement on the Chemicals Policy White Paper and made a number of recommendations to the Commission based on scientific, practical and realistic grounds. These are to be found on the ecopa Web site ( http://ecopa.tsx.org/ or http://ecopa.vub.ac.be ).
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Chernyaev, A. A., D. V. Serdobintsev, and E. V. Kudryashova. "ASSESSMENT OF THE ORGANIC ANIMAL HUSBANDRY CONDITION IN THE WORLD AND THE FORECAST FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-4-548-560.
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The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of organic animal husbandry in the world and to give a forecast of its development in the region. In preparing the article, the following methods were used: statistical-economic, monographic, abstract-logical, calculation-constructive, and forecasting ones. The analysis of the world statistics showed a rapid increase in organic animal husbandry production in the world, and its distribution by industry largely depends on the traditional directions of agricultural production in countries and continents, in addition, the priority of the development of crop production over livestock production has been identified. In Russia, the same trend can be traced, therefore, recommendations for the development of organic animal husbandry in the region are developed and proposed, which are divided into three main areas: technological (changing the production technology), economic (changing the structure of costs and markets) and social (reorienting food preferences consumers), and clear recommendations are given for their implementation. In order for agricultural producers and investors to understand the feasibility and effectiveness of organizing or reprofiling livestock production under organic production in accordance with Federal Law dated 03.08.2018 No. 280-ФЗ “On Organic Production and Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, the value of gross livestock production was forecasted with and without organic production in the Saratov region for the period until 2030.
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Ferchichi, Mounir, Khaled Sebei, Amine Mohamed Boukerb, Najoua Karray-Bouraoui, Sylvie Chevalier, Marc G. J. Feuilloley, Nathalie Connil, and Mohamed Zommiti. "Enterococcus spp.: Is It a Bad Choice for a Good Use—A Conundrum to Solve?" Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112222.
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Since antiquity, the ubiquitous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Enterococci, which are just as predominant in both human and animal intestinal commensal flora, have been used (and still are) as probiotics in food and feed production. Their qualities encounter several hurdles, particularly in terms of the array of virulence determinants, reflecting a notorious reputation that nearly prevents their use as probiotics. Additionally, representatives of the Enterococcus spp. genus showed intrinsic resistance to several antimicrobial agents, and flexibility to acquire resistance determinants encoded on a broad array of conjugative plasmids, transposons, and bacteriophages. The presence of such pathogenic aspects among some species represents a critical barrier compromising their use as probiotics in food. Thus, the genus neither has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status nor has it been included in the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) list implying drastic legislation towards these microorganisms. To date, the knowledge of the virulence factors and the genetic structure of foodborne enterococcal strains is rather limited. Although enterococcal infections originating from food have never been reported, the consumption of food carrying virulence enterococci seems to be a risky path of transfer, and hence, it renders them poor choices as probiotics. Auspiciously, enterococcal virulence factors seem to be strain specific suggesting that clinical isolates carry much more determinants that food isolates. The latter remain widely susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics and subsequently, have a lower potential for pathogenicity. In terms of the ideal enterococcal candidate, selected strains deemed for use in foods should not possess any virulence genes and should be susceptible to clinically relevant antibiotics. Overall, implementation of an appropriate risk/benefit analysis, in addition to the case-by-case assessment, the establishment of a strain’s innocuity, and consideration for relevant guidelines, legislation, and regulatory aspects surrounding functional food development seem to be the crucial elements for industries, health-staff and consumers to accept enterococci, like other LAB, as important candidates for useful and beneficial applications in food industry and food biotechnology. The present review aims at shedding light on the world of hurdles and limitations that hampers the Enterococcus spp. genus and its representatives from being used or proposed for use as probiotics. The future of enterococci use as probiotics and legislation in this field are also discussed.
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Broges, Marcio Silva, and Renato Linhares de Assis. "UMA ANÁLISE DE PRÁTICAS DE GESTÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DO SETOR CERVEJEIRO E A ATIVIDADE PECUARISTA NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRODOI: 10.5773/rgsa.v4i1.212." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2010): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v4i1.212.
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No estado do Rio de Janeiro, o setor cervejeiro acumula diariamente toneladas de resíduos cervejeiros, com destaque para o bagaço de malte, com índice protéico favorável ao beneficiamento do material composto para ração animal. Além de suprir a demanda do produto pelos proprietários de rebanho bovino fluminense, incentivar o beneficiamento destes itens favoreceria a eliminação do risco ambiental que os resíduos poderiam acarretar ao meio, caso fossem eliminados na natureza, e ao mesmo tempo gerar riqueza, emprego e desenvolvimento local. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar práticas de gestão ambiental de uma fábrica de cervejas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, e se tais práticas colaboram na existência de uma parceria com o mercado local produtor de leite. Para tal, determinou-se um estudo de caso em que foi empregado método de investigação indutivo, técnicas de observação direta intensiva, entrevistas não-padronizadas e questionários. Conclui-se que, a empresa pesquisada possui atuação ambientalmente responsável. Entretanto, não são traçados e executados com pura preocupação e responsabilidade para com a sociedade, mas, fundamentalmente elaborados em razão de aspectos econômicos e legais, como o cumprimento da legislação vigente e da redução de custos e/ou geração de receita.
Palavras-chave: gestão ambiental; resíduos cervejeiros; alimentação bovina.
Abstract
In the State of Rio de Janeiro, the beer industry daily accumulates tons of waste beer, especially malt, which has high protein index, favourable to milling material composed for animal feed. Besides meeting the demands of the state cattle owners, encouraging the processing of these items would facilitate the elimination of environmental risk that residues in half if expunged in nature and, at the same time, it would generate wealth, employment and local development. The overall objective of this work was to evaluate environmental management practices of a plant of beer in the city of Rio de Janeiro and check whether such practices are collaborating on the existence of a partnership with the local producer of milk market. To do so, a case study was carried out, applying inductive research, direct intensive observation techniques, non-patterned interviews and questionnaires. It was concluded that the company researched has doggie environmentally responsible. However, they are not pure strokes and run with concern and responsibility towards society, but essentially drawn up by economic and legal aspects, such as the enforcement of existing legislation and the reduction of costs and/or revenue generation.
Keywords: environmental management; residue of beer; bovine feed.
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Rukundo, PM, JK Kikafunda, and A. Oshaug. "Roles and capacity of duty bearers in the realization of the human right to adequate food in Uganda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 11, no. 48 (December 28, 2011): 5493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.48.10100.
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The right to adequate food recognised under international law provides a strong foundation for eradicating hunger and malnutrition in all nations. Uganda ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) in 1987 and thereby committed itself to ensure the realization of the right to adequate food recognised under Article 11 of the Covenant. This study analysed the roles and capacity of duty bearers in the realization of the right to adequate food in Uganda. Structured interviews were held with purposefully selected duty bearers from 11 districts in the country between February and July 2007. Districts were selected by criterion based sampling. Relevant policies, budgets, and legislation were also reviewed, particularly with state obligations on human rights, and capacity of duty bearers in mind. Although this right is expressly recognised in the Food and Nutrition Policy of 2003 in which a multi-sectoral approach is proposed, sector-specific roles are not explicitly defined in Uganda’s institutional and policy framework. Most duty bearer (63%) considered the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) as being responsible for the delays in implementing the relevant actions for the right to food. The Uganda Human Rights Commission (UHRC) reported receiving inadequate budget resources to support the right to food. Only 20% of duty bearers had knowledge of the General Comment 12, which is an important United Nations instrument that defines and elaborates on the human right to adequate food. Duty bearer’s knowledge of the right to food in the national Constitution had a significant (X2 = 0.003; P<0.05) positive correlation (R=0.283) with membership status to an ad hoc Uganda Food and Nutrition Council (UFNC). A proposed Food and Nutrition Bill had taken over 10 years without being presented to the National Parliament for the process of enactment into law. As such, most of the support for this right came from development partners. Whereas the ministry of health and MAAIF are line ministries in the implementation of food and nutrition policy, the right to food roles of the various duty bearers in Uganda need to be well defined. Capacity development is also needed, particularly related to integrating right to food sector-specific roles into the theoretical development and practical implementation of food and nutrition security programmes at all levels in the country.
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Vorotyntseva, Tatiana M. "Problems of customs control over the movement of hazardous waste across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union." RUDN Journal of Economics 29, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 537–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-537-553.
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Hazardous waste is a trigger of the environmental crisis, especially at the stage of increasing production and consumption of goods, leading to a significant increase in industrial waste and its movement across customs borders. The cross-border movement of hazardous waste is controlled by the state, customs authorities are entrusted with the tasks of protecting national security, human life and health, animal and plant life, the environment, including protection against the illegal import of hazardous waste. The transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is carried out within the framework of the permissive procedure. Such a unified licensing procedure has also been adopted in the EAEU with respect to the import into the customs territory, transit, export from the customs territory of dangerous wastes. This procedure assumes that the declarant submits to an official of the authorized body a license of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation or a permit for the transboundary movement of hazardous waste of the Federal Service for Supervision of Environmental Management. However, despite the efforts of the international community in the fight against hazardous waste, the dynamics of illegal movement of certain types of waste continues to grow, which indicates the existence of a number of unresolved problems. In the course of the study, the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of hazardous waste is analyzed, the main provisions of the procedure for moving this category of goods across the customs border of the EAEU are considered. The basis for national legislation in terms of the conceptual apparatus and regulation of the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes through the customs territory of the EAEU is the norms of international law, while a comparative analysis confirms the ambiguity of their recognition and classification in the EAEU member states. The analysis of the dynamics of the movement of hazardous waste, including used pneumatic tires and tires, showed that every year the problems of environmental protection become more acute. As a result of the study, specific problems in the field of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes were identified and recommendations for their solution were given.
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Vorotyntseva, Tatiana M. "Problems of customs control over the movement of hazardous waste across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union." RUDN Journal of Economics 29, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 537–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-537-553.
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Hazardous waste is a trigger of the environmental crisis, especially at the stage of increasing production and consumption of goods, leading to a significant increase in industrial waste and its movement across customs borders. The cross-border movement of hazardous waste is controlled by the state, customs authorities are entrusted with the tasks of protecting national security, human life and health, animal and plant life, the environment, including protection against the illegal import of hazardous waste. The transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is carried out within the framework of the permissive procedure. Such a unified licensing procedure has also been adopted in the EAEU with respect to the import into the customs territory, transit, export from the customs territory of dangerous wastes. This procedure assumes that the declarant submits to an official of the authorized body a license of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation or a permit for the transboundary movement of hazardous waste of the Federal Service for Supervision of Environmental Management. However, despite the efforts of the international community in the fight against hazardous waste, the dynamics of illegal movement of certain types of waste continues to grow, which indicates the existence of a number of unresolved problems. In the course of the study, the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the field of hazardous waste is analyzed, the main provisions of the procedure for moving this category of goods across the customs border of the EAEU are considered. The basis for national legislation in terms of the conceptual apparatus and regulation of the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes through the customs territory of the EAEU is the norms of international law, while a comparative analysis confirms the ambiguity of their recognition and classification in the EAEU member states. The analysis of the dynamics of the movement of hazardous waste, including used pneumatic tires and tires, showed that every year the problems of environmental protection become more acute. As a result of the study, specific problems in the field of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes were identified and recommendations for their solution were given.
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Jorêt, A. D. "Walking the animal welfare tight-rope: an egg industry view." BSAP Occasional Publication 23 (January 1999): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033152.
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AbstractThere is a wealth of animal welfare legislation affecting the egg industry. Legislation can be over-prescriptive and can be a barrier to progress even where welfare benefits would result. Codes of practice (e.g. Freedom Food; The Lion) present a more flexible way forward, but to be effective they have to be both understood and credible in the eyes of the consumer.With the increasing globalization of trade, welfare legislation must be framed to protect domestic industry from unfair competition.
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Capstick, C. W. "Recent changes in legislation affecting the animal production industry." BSAP Occasional Publication 17 (January 1993): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001233.
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AbstractThe economics of production of the livestock sector is heavily influenced by changes to price and support systems but also by the standards set under both domestic and European Community (EC) legislation in the food safety, consumer protection and animal health and welfare areas. This paper addresses these latter issues.In the last 3 years or so the incidence of BSE has led the government to enact several measures to protect both animal and public health. The measures taken and regular publication of information on the disease and research undertaken, has helped restore public confidence in animal products. Increased record keeping and for example, bans on the feeding of ruminant derived protein to ruminants have been designed to eliminate the disease but costs have been borne by the industy. Increased incidence of Salmonella also resulted in much new legislation to which changes have been made as new evidence has emerged. The poultry industry has nevertheless faced new burdens as a result of measures to tackle the disease and restore consumer confidence in poultry products.In the context of the completion of the EC single market the coverage of harmonized trade rules, many of which have existed since 1964, is being widened and rules for domestic and intra-Community trade are being aligned. However, the EC will continue to face the challenge of preventing the spread of disease without frontier controls. This has led so far to new measures, including surveillance arrangements for certain diseases and also to the organization of a disease control infrastructure.The government has given high priority to the promotion of high animal welfare standards. There is also heightened public interest in this issue and legislation has been enacted to phase out certain types of farming systems and require prescribed standards in the handling of livestock. Other initiatives are now on the EC agenda including, for example, the proposed battery hens directive and further rules on the transport of animals.Other issues discussed in the paper are the implications of the Food Safety Act 1990, EC measures on fresh meat hygiene and their enforcement and general food hygiene rules. There has also been much public consultation on the labelling of food. All of these measures have, or could have, significant implications for the livestock sector and these the paper will address.
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Drabble, Nancy. "Law: Pesticide Legislation Reform: Accord between Industry and Environmentalists." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 27, no. 10 (December 1985): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1985.9931315.
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VIVCHARENKO, Oleh A., Galyna V. MOROZ, and Nataliya V. KOKHAN. "Law Enforcement Issues in Natural Resource Legislation." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 10, no. 7 (January 26, 2020): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.10.7(39).13.
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Natural resource legislation is determined by the fact that for its full functioning it is necessary to create an integrated system of legal measures. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the use of the environment is currently being considered in an industry context and there is no synergistic assessment of the balance between the legal assessment of environmental impact and the structural content of the natural resource legislation industry. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time in the article the current complex of natural resource legislation is considered, which studies the environment not as a complex of differentiated industries, but as a single environment in which the interaction between man and nature takes place. The authors of the article determine the possibility and necessity of a unified regulation of environmental management and the formation of an integrated national system of not only natural resource, but also environmental legislation. The practical application of the study is possible in the development of economic methods and measures for environmental protection, which will take into account the possibilities of environmental compensation
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Bredikhin, Alexey Leonidovich, and Artem A. Gonchar. "Combination of private law and public regulation in industry legislation." Право и государство: теория и практика, no. 1 (2022): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2022_1_255.
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Rodriguez Ferrere, M. B. "Animal Welfare Underenforcement as a Rule of Law Problem." Animals 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12111411.
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Many have decried the state’s underenforcement of animal welfare legislation because of the direct negative effects on animal interests. This article will advance the argument that such underenforcement has a much deeper societal effect because it undermines the rule of law. It does so by first, reviewing rule of law literature to advance the proposition that the state has a general obligation to enforce the law and, specifically, animal welfare legislation. It then looks to the practical issues that arise with the argument, specifically prosecutorial discretion and private prosecutions. Finally, it concludes that the state’s underenforcement of animal welfare legislation does indeed run contrary to the rule of law, and thus regardless of whether we have the interests of animals at the front of our minds, it is a matter that should concern us all.
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Tonsor, Glynn T., and Christopher A. Wolf. "Drivers of Resident Support for Animal Care Oriented Ballot Initiatives." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 42, no. 3 (August 2010): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800003606.
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Recent high profile incidents and public debates in the United States have highlighted the increasing interest residents have regarding animal rearing and handling practices. This paper examines resident support for national legislation that mirrors Proposition 2, which in November 2008 passed in California. Results suggest perceptions regarding animal welfare information accuracy of livestock industry and consumer groups are particularly influential determinants of voting behavior and demand. The analysis also suggests residents may not fully appreciate price or tax implications when supporting additional animal welfare legislation. Implications for livestock industry and policy makers are provided along with suggestions for additional research.
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Shala, Nita, Avni Puka, and Gianluigi Pratola. "Criminalization of Animal Cruelty in Context: An Albanian Perspective." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 71, no. 6 (February 1, 2022): 921–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.71.6.05.
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The Albanian legislature has been slow to comprehensively regulate and suitably penalize cruelty towards animals. During the second decade of building a democratic legal system, adopted legislation mandated administrative penalties for only a small number of acts of commission or omission that constituted cruelty to animals. A petition from 37,527 electors obliged the Committee of Laws at the Albanian Parliament to deliberate on the criminalization of animal cruelty for the first time in November of 2017. Two years later, on 18 July 2019, the Albanian Criminal Code was amended with six provisions criminalizing animal cruelty. How has context and other factors shaped the law in Albania with regards to animal cruelty? Authors aim to respond to this question through a functional method with a problem-solving contextual approach, engaging in an in-depth legal evaluation of the Albanian legislation and comparative analysis on the topic. This work draws on deliberations from eight meetings of the Committee of Laws and consultation with nineteen Members of the Parliament, civil servants in responsible institutions, and representatives from civil society, to clarify how society’s effort shaped the criminalization of cruelty towards animals in Albania. The discussion proceeds with a comparative legal analysis between proposed legislation and adopted changes in the Criminal Code with legislation in certain EU Member States and EU acquis. Concerns linger about whether criminalizing a behavior such as animal cruelty is the appropriate way to reduce the occurrence of this offence.
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Bundren, Lee Ann. "State consumer fraud legislation applied to the health care industry." Journal of Legal Medicine 16, no. 1 (March 1995): 133–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01947649509510967.
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Desbarats, Robert P., Donald E. Greenfield, and Michael J. Hopkins. "Recent Developments in the Law of Interest to Oil and Gas Lawyers." Alberta Law Review 26, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr723.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent developments in the law which are of interest to lawyers whose practices relate to the oil and gas industry. The paper deals with both judicial decisions and statutory developments during the last year. Some of the cases discussed do not pertain directly to the oil and gas industry, but have been included either because they involve situations analogous to those which occur in the oil and gas business or because they concern principles of law which are applicable to that industry. In order to place some limit on the scope of the paper, only federal and Alberta legislative developments are reported. In addition, we have not discussed federal income tax legislation. The review of legislation is effective as of June 1,1987.
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Desbarats, Robert P., Donald E. Greenfield, and Lorne W. Carson. "Recent Developments in the Law of Interest to Oil and Gas Lawyers." Alberta Law Review 25, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr727.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent developments in the law which are of interest to lawyers whose practices relate to the oil and gas industry. The paper deals with both judicial decisions and statutory developments during the last year. Some of the cases discussed do not pertain directly to the oil and gas industry, but have been included either because they involve situations analogous to those which occur in the oil and gas business or because they concern principles of law which are applicable to that industry. In order to place some limit on the scope of the paper, only federal and Alberta legislative developments are reported. In addition, we have not discussed federal income tax legislation. The review of legislation is effective as of April 1,1986.
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Sjolander, Richard, and Peter Kakela. "Michigan's Mandatory Beverage-Container-Deposit Law: Economic Effects of a Public Policy on Industry Sales." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 7, no. 1 (January 1988): 166–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391568800700113.
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The following is an estimate of the effect of mandatory beverage container deposit legislation, or “bottle bills” on beer sales. Demand models are defined over a thirty-year series for industry sales. Through the use of binary variables the effect of the legislation is shown to be negative, large, and significant.
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Michielsen, Patrick. "The Belgian Space Act: An Innovative Legal Safeguard to Boost the Space Industry." Air and Space Law 41, Issue 2 (April 1, 2016): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2016009.
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This article looks at Belgium’s space legislation, including its provisions regarding authorization of space activities, and the registration of, and liability for space objects. It analyses Belgium’s specific regulatory choices which have been made by its lawmaker in light of its international public law commitments, and also addresses novel space activities with small satellites and orbital space flights. Belgium advocates that States should adopt a strict, but pragmatic approach to the UN space treaties and their key concepts with a view to covering cross-border space activities e.g., by concluding bi- or multilateral agreements. The article also assesses some benefits and drawbacks for space operators conducting space activities under Belgian authorization. Finally, this article analyses to what extent international organizations with headquarters and/or technical establishments on Belgian territory (such as the European Union) need to abide by Belgium’s space legislation.
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Otomo, Yoriko. "Law and the Question of the (Nonhuman) Animal." Society & Animals 19, no. 4 (2011): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853011x590033.
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AbstractThe turn of the millennium has witnessed an extraordinary paradox—one identified by Jacques Derrida as a simultaneous increase in violence against nonhuman animals and compassion toward them. This article turns to critical legal theory as well as to recent work by continental philosophers on the human/animal distinction in order to make sense of the ways the paradox manifests in law, arguing that so-called animal welfare laws that appear to be politically progressive are, in fact, iterations of the very violence they purport to redress. What legislation designates as “animal” has neither language nor a recognized image, which not only renders this singular object of law voiceless but also denies that object access to any experience of death, and thus, to life. Through a deconstruction of recently enacted Japanese “animal welfare” legislation, this article proposes that the inability of the legislator to think the animal as having a relation to death belies a deeper struggle at the heart of law itself, to constitute its subjects through language.
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McCrystal, Shae, and Belinda Smith. "Industrial Legislation in 2010." Journal of Industrial Relations 53, no. 3 (June 2011): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185611402004.
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Two themes in legislative activity in 2010 were national uniformity and some movement in using law to promote equality, especially gender equality. The Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) came into full effect with the commencement of the new safety net provisions and the referral to the Commonwealth of industrial relations powers over private-sector workforces in all states except Western Australia. Progress continued on the promised harmonization of Australian occupational health and safety laws with the release of a model Work Health and Safety Bill by Safe Work Australia, although developments in some states threaten to derail the process. An attempt to repeal most of the industry-specific regulation of the building and construction industry failed. The Federal Parliament passed legislation establishing a national paid parental leave scheme, and a number of changes to federal discrimination laws came into effect or were proposed, including the potential consolidation of federal discrimination legislation. This article provides an overview of these developments at federal level and concludes with a discussion of developments in the states including a brief overview of Victoria’s new equal opportunity legislation.
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Desbarats, Robert P., Lorne W. Carson, and Donald E. Greenfield. "Recent Developments in the Law of Interest to Oil and Gas Lawyers." Alberta Law Review 24, no. 1 (April 1, 1985): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr734.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent developments in the la w which are of interest to lawyers whose practice relates to the oil and gas industry. It deals with both judicial decisions and statutory developments during the last year. Some of the cases discussed do not pertain directly to the oil and gas industry. These cases have been included either because they involve situations analogous to those which occur frequently in the oil and gas business or because they concern principles of law which are applicable to that industry. In order to place some limit on the scope of the paper, only federal and Alberta legislative developments are reported. In addition, we have not discussed federal income tax legislation, which is the subject of a separate paper delivered at this year's conference. The review of the legislation is effective as of May 1, 1985.**
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Mac Síthigh, Daithí. "Principles for a second century of film legislation." Legal Studies 34, no. 4 (December 2014): 609–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12032.
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Following a century of legislation about film and the film industry in the UK, and the latest in a series of reports on ‘film policy’, this paper investigates the relationship between law, policy and film. Case studies on the definition of ‘film’ in a time of technological and cultural change consider the privileged position of the cinema in terms of censorship and tax, including the new phenomenon of ‘alternative content’; that is, live relays of theatrical performances. Institutional change is assessed and criticised, particularly the abolition of the UK Film Council and the steady move from statute to executive action. The paper sets out a case for the role of the state to be set out in legislation and the cultural consequences of legal definitions to be taken more seriously.
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Skaik, Samer. "Operational problems and solutions of statutory complex adjudication: stakeholders’ perspectives." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 9, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-03-2017-0009.
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Purpose Statutory adjudication was introduced into the security of payment (SOP) legislation as a fast-track payment dispute resolution process with an express object to facilitate cash flow within the construction contractual chain. After more than a decade of the operation of the regime in Australia and Singapore, it becomes apparent that there are many operational problems that jeopardise the intended object of the legislation, particularly in adjudicating complex payment disputes. The aim of this paper is to explore views of the industry stakeholders regarding some operational problems of statutory adjudication of as well as possible solutions. Design/methodology/approach “Expert interviews” method is adopted to collect the empirical data, involving interviews with 23 practitioners from Australia and Singapore. Findings The study identified many operational problems jeopardising the attainment of the object of the SOP legislation such as bias of authorised nominating authorities, short adjudication timeframes, inadequate regulations of adjudicators, jurisdictional challenges, involvement of courts and lawyers and complex drafting of the legislation. The study also analysed the views of industry experts with regard to the opportunities for improvement in the operation of the SOP legislation such as following the Queensland model as amended, and introducing a legislative review mechanism and establishing a peer review process. It also suggested specific amendments to make the legislation a more user-friendly. Practical implications The implication of this study is a better understanding of the most critical problems inherent in statutory adjudication that need serious consideration by the legislatures and policymakers. In addition, the study also provides some practical measures as suggested by the industry practitioners for each identified problem which may stand as a reliable reference for potential reform in the SOP laws. Originality/value There is inadequate empirical research conducted to investigate problems in the operation of statutory adjudication. The study provides original empirical findings which become much necessary nowadays in light of the dynamic moves towards law reform in SOP laws, particularly in Australia. The study provides some practical measures as suggested by the industry practitioners for each identified problem which may stand as a reliable reference for potential reform in the SOP laws.
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Radaev, Vadim. "A rise of state activism in a competitive industry: The case of Russian retail trade law of 2009." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 51, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2018.01.001.
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The paper is aimed at exploring the Russian state return to the highly competitive industry of retail trade by adopting restrictive industry-specific legislation in 2009.We reveal a new precedent model of governance using the liberal rhetoric of the competition protection to justify intervention in interfirm contractual relations. We use survey data collected from 843 retailers and suppliers in 2013 to demonstrate that the new legislation had not achieved the proclaimed goals. The paper concludes that instead of market facilitation, the new state activism leads to the further suppression of business and the subversion of antimonopoly policy.
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Driessen, Bart. "Fundamental Animal Rights in European Law." European Public Law 23, Issue 3 (August 1, 2017): 547–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2017032.
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Law is fundamentally anthropocentric. However, the philosophical and scientific assumptions underpinning this assume that animals lack any capacity for moral choices, identity or even sentience. In Europe there is a considerable body of animal welfare law, but the current standards of animal welfare legislation do not bridge the gap between those assumptions and scientific reality. This article explores the philosophical concepts underlying the status of animals in law in Europe and the United States and compares them to current biological science. The conclusion is drawn that there is a discrepancy between the assumptions underlying legal systems and recent biological findings. The article suggests that a modern legal approach to the relationship between man and sentient animals should depart from the idea that animals have certain fundamental rights. It then proposes an approach to fundamental rights for animals in Europe and argues why such an approach has to be treaty based.
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Pan, Siyu. "Civil Law Protection of Network Virtual Property." Modern Management Forum 4, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/mmf.v4i4.2775.
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<p>With the rapid development of science and technology, the form of property is not confined to the traditional concept of real life any more, and it also includes network virtual property. Besides, economic benefits are considerable as the network industry grows, which makes trading of virtual property a very common behavior in the real word. In such situation, there are various disputes concerned with virtual property emerging. However, relevant research and legislation can’t make breakthroughs as virtual property has vague legal status, complicated process of identification, and different definitions as well as unsolved legal protection method in academic field. Compared with the development of the network industry, legislation in the scope of virtual property has lagged far behind, which is hard to be the theoretical basis for solving disputes.</p><p>By analyzing the attributes of virtual property, and combining relevant cases with research results, the author seeks to put forward the protection rules of virtual property in line with the current situation in China, with civil law protection as the core. Possible further researches and prospects on protecting virtual property are also discussed in this article.</p>
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Pappila, Minna. "The Interplay of Russian Law, Indigenous People and the Oil and Gas Industry – A Need for Non-Governmental Regulation?" Yearbook of Polar Law Online 6, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 120–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876-8814_005.
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This article scrutinizes how Russian legislation considers the rights of the indigenous peoples living in Russian oil production areas, and if there is a need for non-governmental certification standards in Russia. To do this, the Russian legislation has been compared with certain requirements of a new EO100TM Standard which seeks to regulate the social and environmental aspects of the oil and gas industry. The results of the study reveal that there are many aspects of indigenous peoples’ rights, such as access to information, possibilities for free, prior and informed consent, and the right to pursue traditional livelihoods, that Russian legislation does not adequately address. Since quick improvements in Russian legislation are unlikely, the use of an oil and gas certification system could help to improve the current situation in areas where the law does not safeguard the rights of indigenous peoples.
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Andersson, David E., and Fredrik Tell. "From Fighting Monopolies to Promoting Industry: Patent Laws and Innovation in Sweden 1819–1914." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 60, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 123–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2019-0006.
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Abstract In this essay, we trace the evolution of four different patent laws in Sweden; from the first Swedish law of privilegia exclusiva in 1819 to the country becoming only the third country in the world to introduce novelty searches into the law of 1884. We discuss the ensuing contemporary public debates surrounding new proposals for legislation, as well as discernible effects of new patent laws. From being mainly a question about the “tyranny of monopolies” in the early laws to being one of “life and death for Swedish industry” in the subsequent laws, we show how changes in patent legislation resulted in three different types of innovation; technological, market and organizational. The results show that although the early laws implied severe litigation problems and considerably shorter patent terms, an early market for technology emerged as legislation had clearly established that intellectual property could be sold, bought and inherited. Concurrently the law of 1856 created a market for patenting services and patent agencies by requiring the use of Swedish agents by foreign patentees. Finally, foreign patenting increased as restrictions on patentees being non-Swedish citizens were gradually phased out.
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Polyakova, Tatiana A. "Legal regulation of quantum communications in Russia and in the world." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 5 (2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520019763-0.
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The article analyzes the current state of legal regulation of quantum communications as one of the key varieties of quantum technologies. The analysis of the definitions of “quantum communications” available in the current legislation is carried out, their legal nature as a variety of information and digital technologies is determined. The legal concept of “quantum communications” is formulated. The current legislation in the field of quantum communications is analyzed. The main directions of legal regulation of quantum communications in Russia, the key problems that arise in this case are identified. The development of the Concept of regulatory legal regulation of the quantum communications industry in the Russian Federation is proposed. The analysis of the legal regulation of relations arising in connection with the use of quantum communications indicates a clear lack of methodological support for these processes, the absence of a unified approach to understanding what constitutes “quantum communications”, how it is necessary to develop Russian legislation to ensure the breakthrough introduction of quantum communications. An analysis of the regulation of the quantum communications industry in the world indicates that regulation at the level of strategies, concepts, road-maps and development programs is predominant in this process. An important mechanism of state regulation of the development of quantum communications is the state financing of support for projects in the field of quantum communications. The authors have identified several approaches that have developed abroad to the regulation of quantum technologies, including quantum communications, at the level of strategic regulation. The key promising issues in the field of quantum communications that have found legal regulation in foreign countries, which can be applied in Russia, are identified. The key measures of state support for the quantum communications industry, which should find regulatory reflection in the near future, are identified and systematized.
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BUYANOVA, ANASTASIA. "MEDICAL LAW AS A NECESSARY NEW INDUSTRY IN THE MODERN LEGAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Sociopolitical Sciences 12, no. 3 (June 28, 2022): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2022-12-3-64-68.
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The article raises the question of the separation of medical law into an independent legal branch. The author, based on the provisions of the theory of law, identifies the factors that dictate the need for such a separation. An attempt is made to designate the subject of medical law, as well as characteristic techniques and methods of regulating relations included in this subject (i.e., the method of legal regulation). A special place is given to the system of medical law and medical legislation. The author addresses the issue of the adoption of the Medical Medical Code, which (in his opinion) consolidation would contribute to the inclusion of the most effective overall structure of medical title legislation at the economic and federal level.
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Hagen, Antje. "Patents Legislation and German FDI in the British Chemical Industry before 1914." Business History Review 71, no. 3 (1997): 351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116077.
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This article analyzes the investments in both manufacturing units and sales subsidiaries by German chemical companies in the United Kingdom prior to 1914. It extends the findings in the existing literature on the subject, as sales subsidiaries have not so far been investigated. In particular, the article focuses on the motives underlying these investments. By building sales subsidiaries, German companies hoped to improve their control over foreign distribution activities and to promote their own brand names. As for the creation of manufacturing outlets, the motives of the companies differed before and after the reform of the British patent law in 1907. Prior to patent law reform, branch plants were set up due to transport cost considerations, resource orientation, or the pursuit of monopoly. Further reasons included restrictions on the use of proprietary technology in the home country and capacity constraints in the home factory. It was only after 1907 that manufacturing units were established to safeguard the companies' British patents. Consequently, the traditionally held notion that it was solely the patent law of 1907 which sparked off German FDI in the British chemical industry needs to be modified.
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Боголюбов, Сергей, and Syergyey Bogolyubov. "FOREIGN LEGISLATION ON AGRICULTURE AS SUBJECT OF COMPARATIVE LAW RESEARCH." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 5 (December 2, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16125.
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Research of relevant foreign legislations on agriculture and conducting of comparative law analysis in this sphere serve as scientific support for the development of domestic agricultural legislation. In the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law such works are carried out by the department of agricultural, ecological and natural resources legislation and by the department of foreign civil legislation. Such comparative law comparisons can always be found in the Institute research papers, varying depending on the topicality of problems and social and economic situation in this country and in the world. Special attention is paid to the development and variety of forms of ownership in the agro-industrial complex, its government support, cooperative building construction in villages, to the use, protection and recovery of agricultural lands, forest resources, animal and vegetal life, sustainable development of rural settlements. Having become the subject of comparative law research, the analysis and summary of foreign legislation on agriculture make a positive contribution to modernization of the Russian legislation.
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Символоков, Олег, Oleg Simvolokov, Анна Белякова, Anna Belyakova, Валерия Смирнова, Valeriya Smirnova, Олеся Золотова, et al. "LAW AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: MODERN CHALLENGES (REVIEW OF X ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR S. N. BRATUS)." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 6 (February 7, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17380.
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The review reflects main ideas expressed in the reports of the participants of X conference in memory of Professor S. N. Bratus, a famous civil lawyer and legal theorist. The conference is held annually in the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. During the conference the participants discussed controversial issues of the development of legislation on the law of things, status and activities of legal entities in the sphere of intellectual property, power industry, use of natural resources and ecology, labor legislation, the problem of Russia’s simultaneous participation in WTO and EAEU.
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Melvin, Kelly, Liesel G. Schneider, Jennie L. Ivey, and Peter D. Krawczel. "135 Public perceptions of equine processing and welfare." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.010.
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Abstract Equine welfare and processing are a major topic of interest, often debated by industry professionals and the public alike. These debates often focus on the welfare of equines during the different aspects of processing and the impacts related to the processing legislation passed in 2007. Our objective was to determine if one’s definition of welfare, industry connection, or their classification of equines was associated with their perceptions of equine processing and related impacts. Over a 6-wk period, a survey was distributed via email and social media outlets to U.S. residents over the age of 18 (n = 1,334). Participants responded to questions including demographic information, connection to the industry, equine classification, and indicated the changes they expected occurred due to the 2007 processing legislation. Furthermore, participants selected sources from which they commonly obtain information regarding animal welfare issues. Statistical significance was set at α=0.05. Multinomial logistic regression in SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC; PROC LOGISTIC) was used to determine factors associated with participants’ likelihood to respond “increase,” “decrease,” or “no impact” to each area in which the 2007 legislation could have impacted the industry. When asked if there was an impact on the number of horses processed, connection to the industry (P = 0.03), welfare definition (P < 0.0001) and classification of horses (P = 0.009) were associated with responses. Respondents with light connection, when compared to moderate connection, were 10 times more likely (OR=10.9; 95% Cl: 1.03, 111.1) to say there was an increase in horse processing, versus no impact, in response to the 2007 legislation. Understanding interactions between industry connection, welfare definition, classification of equids relative to current industry issues may prove beneficial to bridge an educational gap and provide clarity to important welfare concerns.
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Melvin, Kelly, Liesel G. Schneider, Jennie L. Ivey, and Peter D. Krawczel. "134 Public perceptions of equine processing and welfare." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.027.
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Abstract Equine welfare and processing are a major topic of interest, often debated by industry professionals and the public alike. These debates often focus on the welfare of equines during the different aspects of processing and the impacts related to the processing legislation passed in 2007. Our objective was to determine if one’s definition of welfare, industry connection, or their classification of equines was associated with their perceptions of equine processing and related impacts. Over a 6 week period, a survey was distributed via email and social media outlets to United States residents over the age of 18 (n=1,334). Participants responded to questions including demographic information, connection to the industry, equine classification, and indicated the changes they expected occurred due to the 2007 processing legislation. Furthermore, participants selected sources from which they commonly obtain information regarding animal welfare issues. Statistical significance was set at α=0.05. Multinomial logistic regression in SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC; PROC LOGISTIC) was used to determine factors associated with participants’ likelihood to respond “increase”, “decrease”, or “no impact” to each area in which the 2007 legislation could have impacted the industry. When asked if there was an impact on the number of horses processed, connection to the industry (P=0.03), welfare definition (P< 0.0001) and classification of horses (P=0.009) were associated with responses. Respondents with light connection, when compared to moderate connection, were 10 times more likely (OR=10.9; 95% Cl: 1.03, 111.1) to say there was an increase in horse processing, versus no impact, in response to the 2007 legislation. Understanding interactions between industry connection, welfare definition, classification of equids relative to current industry issues may prove beneficial to bridge an educational gap and provide clarity to important welfare concerns.
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Millar, Keith. "Emerging feed legislation and related issues." BSAP Occasional Publication 31 (2004): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00040295.
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According to David Byrne, EU Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection (DG SANCO), ‘Strengthening rules on the safety of animal feed is one of the cornerstones of the EU's food safety strategy’. The main EC developments affecting animal feed can be summarised under the following headings:•General Food Law Regulation•Proposal for Feed Additives Regulation•Proposal for Feed Hygiene Regulation•Positive List of Feed Materials•Official Food and Feed Controls•GM Food and Feed
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Mustapha, Zakariya, Sherin Kunhibava, and Aishath Muneeza. "Judicial Challenges Facing the Islamic Finance Industry of Nigeria." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 29, no. 2 (May 2021): 244–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2021.0362.
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A fundamental requirement of Islamic financial practice, Shariah-compliance covers all aspects of the transaction from contractual agreements to execution to dispute resolution. Thus a sound judicial system with in-built Shariah-compliance mechanisms is indispensable to facilitate the execution of such contracts and to ensure the sustainability of the practice. In Nigeria, this system is still under development with the judiciary the most readily available option for dispute resolution. However, comprised merely of civil courts with jurisdiction to hear Islamic finance cases, these mechanisms subject the industry to possible legal and Shariah-compliance risks. Having conducted a series of interviews with experts, this study recommends: constitutional and legislative reform to grant jurisdiction to existing civil courts; the Financial Regulations Advisory Committee of Experts (FRACE) should be statutorily entitled to offer binding advice to courts; the practice itself should be enshrined in appropriate legislation; and there should be curricular reform to ensure judges and lawyers are adequately trained/educated in the particulars of Islamic finance.
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Richards, Harriette. "Risk, Reporting and Responsibility: Modern Slavery, Colonial Power and Fashion’s Transparency Industry." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 11, no. 2 (June 3, 2022): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2378.
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This article investigates the role of the Australian Modern Slavery Act 2018 as a reporting mechanism aimed at preventing the use of forced labour in global supply chains. In the fashion industry, modern slavery legislation pursues the ambitions of activist movements that have long campaigned for increased knowledge about supply chain practices to improve the labour conditions of garment workers, especially for those in the Global South. In recent years, such campaigns against the entrenched opacity of the global fashion system have given rise to a transparency industry built on practices of auditing and supply chain management, including in relation to modern slavery legislation. This article analyses 10 modern slavery statements submitted to the online Modern Slavery Register by fashion brands operating in Australia in the 2019–2020 reporting period to explore how the Modern Slavery Act 2018 participates in colonial relations of power. It focuses on three aspects of the statements: factory reporting and third-party auditing, corporate grievance mechanisms, and risks associated with COVID-19. Finally, the article argues that while improved transparency can generate positive outcomes for workers, the reporting required by modern slavery legislation is often more concerned with providing assurances about labour standards to consumers and stakeholders in the Global North than with the needs or experiences of workers in the Global South.
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von Gall, Philipp, and Mickey Gjerris. "Role of Joy in Farm Animal Welfare Legislation." Society & Animals 25, no. 2 (May 18, 2017): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341444.
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While animal welfare is commonly invoked in legal debates regarding non-human animals kept for food purposes, the concept of animal joy is rarely mentioned in such contexts. This paper analyzes the relationship between welfare and joy in the German animal protection law (gapl) and in the eu directive 98/58/ec. Based on a review of scientific and philosophical approaches towards animal welfare, joy is argued to be a part of welfare. Nevertheless, joy is ignored in the German and eu legal provisions. While there may be economic disadvantages of legally protecting animal joy, it is argued that overlooking elements of joy cannot be justified from any ethical perspective that claims to take animal welfare into consideration. In order to clarify the aims of the legal provisions, decision-makers need to define the role joy ought to play in welfare legislation.
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Mednikova, Ekaterina, Valery Stennikov, Ivan Postnikov, and Andrey Penkovskii. "Development Features of Heat Power Industry Legislation in Russia." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0052.
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Abstract In Russia, the legislative support for the construction and operation of heating systems is permanently developing and improving. The Federal law “On heat supply” adopted in 2010 is the basic and most important document that regulates the work of heating systems. Moreover, the country has more than 10 additional documents that regulate this industry, and a great number of documents that establish rules for building and operating energy systems. The paper presents the main documents that regulate the heat supply industry in the Russian Federation, and a brief description of the main stages of heating system life cycle and problems solved in each of them. Despite the national policy of energy conservation and energy efficiency enhancement, there are still problems related to heat supply management due to large extension, complexity and a variety of types and structures of the systems. The main cause of the poor heat supply efficiency in Russia is explained by a considerable change in the structure of heat loads that has occurred of late years, a decrease in the loading of the main generating equipment and heat networks, which amid other things is fostered by an increasing wear of the systems. Upgrading of generating capacities and heat networks is considered in the framework of long-term investment projects for their modernization and expansion. The obtained solutions are reflected in the Schemes of urban heat supply. This paper proposes solutions aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of decisions made in the field of heat supply. It formulates the proposals on organization and regulation of the activities of all the participants in heat supply in the stage of long-term planning of heating system expansion, because well-founded and rational planning of construction and expansion of the systems is a basis for their efficient operation.
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K. A., Krasnova. "Crime in Esports – Criminal Law Considerations." Rossijskoe pravosudie, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2021.10.90-97.
Full textAbstract:
The phenomenon and development of modern digital technologies put imprint on almost all life spheres, including sports. Over the past years, there have been a rapid development of a new sport and a new direction of the sports business, i. e., esports, which, unlike traditional sports, is causally relating to information and telecommunication technologies and intellectual property. The Regulations on esports adopted in 2020 by the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, expanded the concept of sport by officially recognizing esports as an independent sport. Today, esports is a fast-growing high-tech industry with an ever-growing global audience and a significant number of computer companies and stakeholders involved, which are usually in fierce competition with each other. Nevertheless, despite rapid transformation into the mainstream, this industry is faced with both traditional criminal law concerns and specific inherent to esports problems, which can hinder its potential growth. All the aforesaid suggests that the boundaries of sport are constantly expanding likewise the legal relations regulated in the digital era by criminal legislation, as well as the related law enforcement issues. At the same time, it must be acknowledged that the current legislation is imperfect, and the issues of countering illegal methods of influencing the results of computer sports competitions and electronic doping, fraud and corruption, as well as criminal protection of copyright and related rights, problems of the ratio of criminal and non-criminal in esports are understudied by experts.