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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Animal intelligence'
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Alzu'Bi, Hamzah. "Analysis of human activities and animal behaviours based on computational intelligence." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2037039/.
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The study of behaviour is vital for animal welfare assessment in animal husbandry systems, exploring mechanisms of underlying diverse forms of behaviours and animal physiological and ecological interaction. Understanding animal behaviour is used in a systematic way to unlock and explore underlying functionalities of the brain which is one of the biggest challenges to science. This thesis introduces four novel applications for computational intelligence in human and animal behaviours. The four applications are: horse transport stress prediction system, human activity recognition, fish behaviour tracking and detection, and intelligent interactive fish feeding system. In the first application of human gait recognition, a practical, accurate and novel supervised learning system is proposed to recognize human activities. The proposed system uses single accelerometer device which makes the system practical to use and capable of being integrated with many commercially available devices. This work proposes highly accurate and practical human gait recognition system. In the second application of horse transport, a novel system is proposed to predict horse stress episodes during transport which enables a potential solution of horse stress by interfering at a suitable time. Dynamic nonlinear neural network is trained to predict horse stress time series given travel route and driving style time series. Horse transport is one of the most routinely stressful procedures in equine industry. In the third application of horse transport, a novel system for automatic fish tracking and behaviour recognition system is proposed. Fish are the second most popular experimental model behind mice in pharmaceuticals and biological research. Fish anxious behaviour could confound experiment outcomes. Fish behaviour could also be affected by invasive or non-invasive experiments in addition to other possible causes of distress. The proposed system consists of 3d real-time fish tracking, behaviour quantifying and recognition algorithms. Fish behaviour is estimated through fish swimming patterns. The system showed high accuracy recognition of fish behaviour in experiment where fish were exposed to a variety of external stimuli. In the fourth application of horse transport, an innovative smart fish feeding system is proposed. The fourth application of computational intelligence techniques addresses one of the major challenges in the fastest growing food sector industry worldwide, aquaculture industry. Most conventional fish feeding techniques are inefficient, cause environmental damage and fish losses, raise concerns regarding fish welfare and lead to non-uniform fish growth. Addressing these problems is a necessity for this industry to continue its growth. The novel feeding system is built based on fish behaviour which recognises, and assesses fish behaviours and interacts with fish to optimise the feeding process. Fish showed quick adaptation to this novel low-cost feeding system which proves the feasibly of implementing this system. The proposed system is expected to reduce food competition and environmental impact because of its responsive nature. Through novel applications of computational intelligence, this thesis has provided successful solutions for human and animal behaviour analysis research problems.
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Granovskiy, Boris. "Modeling Collective Decision-Making in Animal Groups." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-180972.
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Many animal groups benefit from making decisions collectively. For example, colonies of many ant species are able to select the best possible nest to move into without every ant needing to visit each available nest site. Similarly, honey bee colonies can focus their foraging resources on the best possible food sources in their environment by sharing information with each other. In the same way, groups of human individuals are often able to make better decisions together than each individual group member can on his or her own. This phenomenon is known as "collective intelligence", or "wisdom of crowds." What unites all these examples is the fact that there is no centralized organization dictating how animal groups make their decisions. Instead, these successful decisions emerge from interactions and information transfer between individual members of the group and between individuals and their environment. In this thesis, I apply mathematical modeling techniques in order to better understand how groups of social animals make important decisions in situations where no single individual has complete information. This thesis consists of five papers, in which I collaborate with biologists and sociologists to simulate the results of their experiments on group decision-making in animals. The goal of the modeling process is to better understand the underlying mechanisms of interaction that allow animal groups to make accurate decisions that are vital to their survival. Mathematical models also allow us to make predictions about collective decisions made by animal groups that have not yet been studied experimentally or that cannot be easily studied. The combination of mathematical modeling and experimentation gives us a better insight into the benefits and drawbacks of collective decision making, and into the variety of mechanisms that are responsible for collective intelligence in animals. The models that I use in the thesis include differential equation models, agent-based models, stochastic models, and spatially explicit models. The biological systems studied included foraging honey bee colonies, house-hunting ants, and humans answering trivia questions.
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Helme, Anne Elizabeth. "A comparison of intelligence in corvids and apes : implications for animal welfare." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612378.
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Childers, Lindsey. "Extending Human Compassion by Implementing Legal Rights for Animals." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/31.
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The purpose of this essay is to critically examine the current legal status of animals in the United States and offer possible alternatives to the current legal rights for animals. This essay examines the failures of the legal system in protecting animals that have abilities very similar to our own. With an examination of these types of animals, this essay will explain why some animals merit the status of legal personhood to protect them from being carelessly used by others. Ultimately, this essay is an attempt to open the field of legal protection for many animals starting with a few through legal personhood.
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Reid, Clio. "Exploration-avoidance and an anthropogenic toxin (lead Pb) in a wild parrot (kea: Nestor notabilis) : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology and Biodiversity /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/897.
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Suits, William T. "Transitive inference and commonly coded stimuli." Click here to access thesis, 2005.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2005."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34)
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Hyatt, Charles Winton. "Discrimination learning in the African elephant." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28887.
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Hu, Dan. "Brain cytochrome oxidase activity related to vicaroius trial-and-error behavior during Y-maze learning in the rat /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Kelsall, A. "Flexible Shape Models for Marine Animal Detection in Underwater Images." Thesis, Honours thesis, University of Tasmania, 2005. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/248/1/afkThesis_FINAL.pdf.
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Many industries are benefiting from computer automation, however the area of image analysis is still limited. The process of finding a potential object in an image is hard in itself, let alone classifying it. Automating these tasks would significantly reduce the time it takes to complete them thus allowing much more data to be processed. This becomes a problem when data is collect faster than it can be analysed. Images and video sequences are captured for different purposes and need to be manually processed in order to discover their contents.
The fishing industry is a perfect example of this. A fish farm needs to know the average size of the fish in a ring. At present, this involves either manually taking a sample of fish from the ring and measuring them, or taking a series of stereoscopic images and manually tracing a sample of fish. By using active shape models, the process of tracing a fish sample can be automated. The Active Shape Model (ASM) Toolkit is an implementation of active appearance models, an advanced type of active shape model. The wrapper application that was written as part of this research allows a more streamlined process to input region data into the ASM Toolkit for searching. Once a sample has been matched, it is possible to use the key points around it to base further calculations on such as its size and weight.
The ASM Toolkit and the wrapper program demonstrate how the process of identifying a fish in an image can be automated and that it is possible to calculate the size and weight of fish. In an ideal manual test, the most effective model matched 68% of samples, and in the automated test matched 50% of the samples. If the program can run over several days collecting appropriate samples, the model will be able to match enough fish to estimate the average size and weight within a ring. It is shown that the types of samples used in training the model affects the performance more than the number of samples used.
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Ervin, Stephen. "The Animal/Man That Therefore I Am." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-98004.
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Grant Morrison’s Animal Man could be argued to worry the man/animal boundary. Using closereadings of the comics against the backdrop of Jacques Derrida’s and Martin Heidegger’stheories on the boundary between man and animal, I explore the following ideas which seemcommon in the discourses on that which separates humans from animals: intelligence vs. instinct,the human hand vs. the animal’s paw, humanity’s richness-in-world vs. animal’s poorness-inworld,and language.In Animal Man, Morrison gives voice to animal characters by giving them personalities,which seems a romanticizing of the real state of affairs. Alongside all the depicted animals, thereare many hybrid characters, which take on the characteristics of both humans and animals. Theuse of hybrid characters such as the Coyote and Animal Man problematize the boundary betweenman and animal. This study of Animal Man, most importantly, shows that the differences as wellas similarities between humans and animals are based on ideologically produced discourses, andthis includes Morrison’s own philosophy on animal rights and his activism. I argue that Morrisonboth worries the boundary between humans and animals, and keeps it operative in order to makethe reader perceive animals in more anthropocentric terms.
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Dallison, Agnes, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Mechanisms underlying recovery from early cortical injury in rats." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 1999, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/98.
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Previous work has shown that removal of the midline frontal cortex at seven to ten days of age is followed by recovery of function correlated with apparent spontaneous generation of new tissue in the lesion cavity.
The question asked in the present thesis was whether the removal of the regrown tissue in adulthood would block normal function. Rats that received P10 frontal lesions underwent second lesions at P160, and were compared to rats with only P10 or P160 lesions. Rats with P10 + P160 lesions were severely impaired on a spatial learning task, especially relative to the P10 lesion-only rats. In a second experiment, rats with P10 + P160 lesions were given intra-ventricular infusions of a cocktail of three growth factors. The animals with growth factors showed marked behavioral recovery, although there was no cell regeneration. The results of these experiments suggest that filled-in tissue in neonatally lesioned rats is functional.viii, 74 leaves : col. ill. ; 28 cm.
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Valentin, Sarah. "Extraction et combinaison d’informations épidémiologiques à partir de sources informelles pour la veille des maladies infectieuses animales." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS067.
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L’intelligence épidémiologique a pour but de détecter, d’analyser et de surveiller au cours du temps les potentielles menaces sanitaires. Ce processus de surveillance repose sur des sources dites formelles, tels que les organismes de santé officiels, et des sources dites informelles, comme les médias. La veille des sources informelles est réalisée au travers de la surveillance basée sur les événements (event-based surveillance en anglais). Ce type de veille requiert le développement d’outils dédiés à la collecte et au traitement de données textuelles non structurées publiées sur le Web. Cette thèse se concentre sur l’extraction et la combinaison d’informations épidémiologiques extraites d’articles de presse en ligne, dans le cadre de la veille des maladies infectieuses animales. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est de proposer et de comparer des approches pour améliorer l’identification et l’extraction d’informations épidémiologiques pertinentes à partir du contenu d’articles. Le second objectif est d’étudier l’utilisation de descripteurs épidémiologiques (i.e. maladies, hôtes, localisations et dates) dans le contexte de l’extraction d’événements et de la mise en relation d’articles similaires au regard de leur contenu épidémiologique. Dans ce manuscrit, nous proposons de nouvelles représentations textuelles fondées sur la sélection, l’expansion et la combinaison de descripteurs épidémiologiques. Nous montrons que l’adaptation et l’extension de méthodes de fouille de texte et de classification permet d’améliorer l’utilisation des articles en ligne tant que source de données sanitaires. Nous mettons en évidence le rôle de l’expertise quant à la pertinence et l’interprétabilité de certaines des approches proposées. Bien que nos travaux soient menés dans le contexte de la surveillance de maladies en santé animale, nous discutons des aspects génériques des méthodes proposées, vis-à-vis de de maladies inconnues et dans un contexte One Health (« une seule santé »)Epidemic intelligence aims to detect, investigate and monitor potential health threats while relying on formal (e.g. official health authorities) and informal (e.g. media) information sources. Monitoring of unofficial sources, or so-called event-based surveillance (EBS), requires the development of systems designed to retrieve and process unstructured textual data published online. This manuscript focuses on the extraction and combination of epidemiological information from informal sources (i.e. online news), in the context of the international surveillance of animal infectious diseases. The first objective of this thesis is to propose and compare approaches to enhance the identification and extraction of relevant epidemiological information from the content of online news. The second objective is to study the use of epidemiological entities extracted from the news articles (i.e. diseases, hosts, locations and dates) in the context of event extraction and retrieval of related online news.This manuscript proposes new textual representation approaches by selecting, expanding, and combining relevant epidemiological features. We show that adapting and extending text mining and classification methods improves the added value of online news sources for event-based surveillance. We stress the role of domain expert knowledge regarding the relevance and the interpretability of methods proposed in this thesis. While our researches are conducted in the context of animal disease surveillance, we discuss the generic aspects of our approaches regarding unknown threats and One Health surveillance
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Gimenez, Carolina Melleiro. "Identificação biométrica de bovinos utilizando imagens do espelho nasal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-08092015-155222/.
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Os sistemas tradicionais de identificação de gado são comprovadamente passíveis de perda, danos e possíveis operações fraudulentas justificando as pesquisas de identificadores biométricos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a possibilidade do uso de componentes principais para avaliar a divisão do espelho nasal de bovinos em classes genéricas e melhorar o reconhecimento biométrico automático dos indivíduos. O banco de dados deste trabalho foi composto pela coleta e catalogação de imagens do espelho nasal de 187 bovinos da raça Nelore ao nascimento e aos 6 meses de idade e deste grupo foram escolhidos 68 animais aleatoriamente para serem fotografados aos 12 meses de idade. Os algoritmos de processamento digital de imagens, redução de dimesionalidade e extração de característas por PCA e classificação por meio de SVM, foram implementados utilizando o software MATLAB®. Por meio da metodologia estabelecida foi possível dividir os bovinos em classes genéricas e a validação do classificador foi realizada mediante análise estatística dos seus erros e acertos. Os resultados apresentados pelo classificador SVM atingiram índices de acertos na faixa de 95,33% a 99,52%, justificando seu uso como forma automática de identificação. Estes resultados permitem concluir que a metodologia de processamento digital de imagens, a extração de características por componentes principais e o uso de máquina de vetores de suporte utilizada neste trabalho, foi capaz de verificar a individualidade dos padrões existentes no espelho nasal de bovinos.Livestock identification in traditional systems has been proven to be susceptible to loss, damage, and possible fraudulent operations justifying the research area of biometric identification. This work aim the study of possibility for using principal components to evaluate the division of the muzzle of cattle in generic classes to improve the automatic biometric recognition of individuals. This thesis used a database composed by 187 Nelore bulls muzzle image collected from animals aged from birth to 6 months. From this group 68 animals were randomly photographed at 12 months of age. The digital image processing, feature extraction and vector support machine (SVM) were implemented using MATLAB software. The methodology used in this thesis provides an alternative to divide the cattle in generics class. The class could be available by means of statistical classifier performance The results presented by classifier achieved 95.33% to 99.52% of accuracy classification justifying its use as automatic identification. The digital signal processing, feature extraction and support vector machine methodology were able the conclusion that muzzle print image could be used as animal identification.
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Bloomstrand, Mollie Anne. "An analysis of learning and memory in two aged chimpanzees." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28573.
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Chalk, Daniel. "Artificially intelligent foraging." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/96455.
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Bumble bees (bombus spp.) are significant pollinators of many plants, and are particularly attracted to mass-flowering crops such as Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus), which they cross-pollinate. B. napus is both wind and insect-pollinated, and whilst it has been found that wind is its most significant pollen vector, the influence of bumble bee pollination could be non-trivial when bee densities are large. Therefore, the assessment of pollinator-mediated cross-pollination events could be important when considering containment strategies of genetically modified (GM) crops, such as GM varieties of B. napus, but requires a landscape-scale understanding of pollinator movements, which is currently unknown for bumble bees. I developed an in silico model, entitled HARVEST, which simulates the foraging and consequential inter-patch movements of bumble bees. The model is based on principles from Reinforcement Learning and Individual Based Modelling, and uses a Linear Operator Learning Rule to guide agent learning. The model incoproates one or more agents, or bees, that learn by ‘trial-and-error’, with a gradual preference shown for patch choice actions that provide increased rewards. To validate the model, I verified its ability to replicate certain iconic patterns of bee-mediated gene flow, and assessed its accuracy in predicting the flower visits and inter-patch movement frequencies of real bees in a small-scale system. The model successfully replicated the iconic patterns, but failed to accurately predict outputs from the real system. It did, however, qualitatively replicate the high levels of inter-patch traffic found in the real small-scale system, and its quantitative discrepancies could likely be explained by inaccurate parameterisations. I also found that HARVEST bees are extremely efficient foragers, which agrees with evidence of powerful learning capabilities and risk-aversion in real bumble bees. When applying the model to the landscape-scale, HARVEST predicts that overall levels of bee-mediated gene flow are extremely low. Nonetheless, I identified an effective containment strategy in which a ‘shield’ comprised of sacrificed crops is placed between GM and conventional crop populations. This strategy could be useful for scenarios in which the tolerance for GM seed set is exceptionally low.
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Troisi, Camille A. "An investigation of teaching behaviour in primates and birds." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12008.
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Many animals socially learn, but very few do so through teaching, where an individual modifies its behaviour in order to facilitate learning for another individual. Teaching behaviour is costly, but can confer numerous advantages, such as high fidelity transmission of information or an increase in the rate of social learning. In many putative cases of teaching, it is not known whether the pupil learns from the modified behaviour. This thesis addresses this issue in three cases of potential teaching behaviour. In particular, it investigates whether the role of food transfers in wild golden lion tamarins is to teach which foods are good to eat (Chapter 5). There was little evidence that novel foods were transferred more than familiar foods, and this was not due to the juveniles attempting to obtain novel foods more than familiar ones, or by adults discarding novel foods more than familiar ones. Transfers were however more successful when donors had previously ingested the food type transferred. Successful food transfers also had a positive correlation with foraging choices once juveniles were older, suggesting they learned from food transfers. In golden lion tamarins, this thesis also examined whether juveniles learned from food-offering calls which substrates were good to forage on (Chapter 6). Juveniles that experienced playback of food-offering calls ate more on a novel substrate, than juveniles that did not experience those playbacks, both immediately as the calls were being played, and in the long term, six months after the playbacks. This suggests that juveniles learned from the playbacks. Finally, this thesis attempted to replicate previous findings showing that hens modify their behaviour when chicks feed from seemingly unpalatable food, and explored whether chicks learned what food to eat based on the maternal display (Chapter 7). The experiment failed to find evidence for teaching behaviour, but results were not inconsistent with previous findings. Moreover, there was little evidence that chicks learned from their mother, quite to the contrary, hens seemed to acquire their foraging decisions based on their chicks' choices.
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Cardoso, Raphael Moura. "Resolução de problema por macacos-prego selvagens (Sapajus libidinosus) de duas populações com diferentes repertórios de uso de ferramentas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-14052014-151632/.
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Os macacos-prego (Sapajus libidinosus) são reconhecidos pela flexibilidade comportamental, incluindo o uso de ferramentas na natureza. Admite-se que o contexto social contribua para aprendizagem individual de comportamentos flexíveis pelos macacos-prego. A influência social sobre a aprendizagem é considerada como uma característica básica da cultura. As diferenças observadas no conjunto de ferramentas entre populações naturais de macacos-prego sugerem a existência de tradições nestes primatas. Em um experimento em campo apresentamos aos macacos de duas populações, que diferiam acerca de suas tradições instrumentais, um problema que exigia o uso de sondas para obter melaço dentro de uma caixa-problema. Investigamos se os macacos destas populações abordariam o problema de acordo com as respectivas tradições instrumentais. As populações investigadas habitam diferentes regiões do Estado do Piauí, interior do nordeste brasileiro, e distam aproximadamente 350Km entre si, sendo a paisagem ecológica tipicamente marcada pelo bioma cerrado/caatinga. Os macacos da população da Fazenda Boa Vista (FBV) são proficientes no uso de percutores durante o processamento de cocos-de-palmeiras e frutos secos de caju. Apesar de quase uma década de observação sistemática nesta população, não foi observado o uso de outras ferramentas por estes macacos. Os macacos da população do Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC), por sua vez, utilizam habitualmente um conjunto diversificado de ferramentas, incluindo o uso de percutores e sondas. Nossa hipótese predisse que os macacos da população PNSC (grupo Pedra Furada) resolveriam o problema em menor tempo e apresentariam melhor desempenho, enquanto os macacos da FBV (grupo Chicão) não utilizariam sondas durante as tentativas de obter o melaço, ou demandariam maior tempo até alcançarem o sucesso no problema, e esperávamos pudessem percutir pedras contra a caixa. Os machos do grupo Pedra Furada resolveram o problema no primeiro dia de exposição, e os machos e as fêmeas percutiram contra a caixa, mas os macacos do grupo Chicão não transportaram nenhum objeto durante o experimento e interagiram pouco com o problema. Estes resultados estão de acordo com aqueles observados em um experimento similar realizado com chimpanzés. Observamos também diferenças no tamanho das sondas utilizadas e na frequência de sucessos exibida pelos jovens e machos do grupo Pedra Furada. Propomos que a diferença observada na forma de abordar o problema entre os macacos destas populações esteja associada às diferenças no gradiente de generalização no uso de ferramentas e a disponibilidade de material no ambienteCapuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) have been recognized by their behavioral flexibility, including tool-using in nature. Currently, its acknowledged that social context contributes to individual learning of that flexible behavior by capuchin monkeys. The social influence on learning is the most basic feature of culture. The differences observed in tool kit exhibited in natural populations of capuchin monkeys suggest the existence of culture in these New World primates. We ran a field experiment in two populations of capuchin monkeys which differed in their tool use traditions. In this experiment we presented a problem that required probe-tool using to reach molasses available inside the problem-box. We investigated whether monkeys from these populations approached the problem according to their respectively tool use traditions. Both populations inhabit different regions in the State of Piauí, in Northeastern Brazil, and are about 350Km apart. The ecological landscapes of these research sites are the the savana-like cerrado and caatinga biomes. Monkeys from Fazenda Boa Vista (FBV) are proficient pounding-tool users that habitually use stones as hammers to crack open palm-nuts and dry cashew fruit. After almost a decade of systematic observations, no other form of tool use was observed in this population. Capuchin monkeys from Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC), on the other hand, have been observed using a much broader tool-kit, including pounding tools, as well as probing tools during their foraging activities. Our hypothesis predicted that capuchins from the PNSC population (Pedra Furada group) would take less time to solve the task than capuchins from FBV (Chicão group), and also that they would perform better in comparison to that group. We also expected that Chicão group would pound stones against the problem box. In Pedra Furada group, males solved the problem in the first day of exposition to the experiment; both males and females pounded stones against the problem box, but no individuals from Chicão group did it. Chicão group exhibited less interaction with the problem box than capuchins from Pedra Furada group. Our results are in accordance to those found in a similar experiment with chimpanzees. We also observed differences between the success frequency and length of probing-tools used by juveniles and adults from Pedra Furada group during our experiment. We propose that both differences in grade of generalization in tool use between these populations and material availability in environment might explain the difference in performance observed between the capuchin groups investigated in our experiment
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Sabo, Joseph Michael. "We Hold These Truths to Be Self-Evident: The Need for Animal Rights in the United States of America." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1335815050.
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Pettit, Benjamin G. "Consequences and mechanisms of leadership in pigeon flocks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d3a6260b-483c-4c60-a993-49b7e111dfc6.
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This thesis investigates how collective decisions in bird flocks arise from simple rules, the factors that give some birds more influence over a flock's direction, and how travelling as a flock affects spatial learning. I used GPS loggers to track pigeons homing alone and in flocks, and applied mathematical modelling to explore the mechanisms underlying group decisions. Across several experiments, the key results were as follows: Flying home with a more experienced individual not only gave a pigeon an immediate advantage in terms of taking a more direct route, but the followers also learned homing routes just as accurately as pigeons flying alone. This shows that using social cues did not interfere with learning about the landscape during a series of paired flights. Pigeons that were faster during solo homing flights also tended to fly at the front of flocks, where they had more influence over the direction taken. Analysis of momentary interactions during paired flights and simulations of pair trajectories support the conclusion that speed increases the likelihood of leading. A pigeon's solo homing efficiency before flock flights did not correlate with leadership in flocks of ten, but leaders did have more efficient solo tracks when tested after a series of flock flights. A possible explanation is that leaders attended more to the landscape and therefore learned faster. Flocks took straighter routes than pigeons flying alone, as would be expected if they effectively pooled information. In addition, pigeons responded more strongly to the direction of several neighbours, during flock flights, than to a single neighbour during paired flights. This behaviour makes sense adaptively because social information will be more reliable when following several conspecifics compared to one. Through a combination of high-resolution tracking and mathematical modelling, this thesis sheds light on the mechanisms of flocking and its navigational consequences.
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Viejo, Guillaume. "Coordination de systèmes de mémoire : modèles théoriques du comportement animal et humain." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066445/document.
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Durant ce doctorat financé par l'observatoire B2V des mémoires, nous avons réalisé une modélisation mathématique du comportement dans trois tâches distinctes (avec des sujets humains, des sujets singes et des rongeurs), mais qui supposent toutes une coordination entre systèmes de mémoire. Dans la première expérience, nous avons reproduit le comportement de sujets humains (choix et temps de réaction) en combinant les modèles mathématiques d'une mémoire de travail et d'une mémoire inflexible. Nous avons associé pour un sujet son comportement au meilleur modèle possible en comparant des modèles génériques de coordination de ces deux mémoires issues de la littérature actuelle ainsi que notre propre proposition d'une interaction dynamique entre les mémoires. Au final, c'est notre proposition d'une interaction au lieu d'une séparation stricte qui s'est avérée la plus efficace dans la majorité des cas pour expliquer le comportement des sujets. Dans une deuxième expérience, les mêmes modèles de coordination ont été testés dans une tâche chez le singe. Considérée comme un test de transférabilité, cette expérience démontre principalement la nécessité de coordination de mémoires pour expliquer le comportement de certains singes. Dans une troisième expérience, nous avons modélisé le comportement d'un groupe de souris confronté à l'apprentissage d'une séquence d'action motrice dans un labyrinthe sans indices externes. En comparant avec deux autres stratégies d'apprentissages (intégration de chemin et planification dans un graphe), la combinaison d'une mémoire épisodique avec une mémoire inflexible s'est révélée être le meilleur modèle pour reproduire le comportement des sourisDuring this PhD funded by the B2V Memories Observatory, we performed a mathematical modeling of behavior in three distinct tasks (with human subjects, monkeys and rodents), all involving coordination between memory systems. In the first experiment, we reproduced the behavior of human subjects (choice and reaction time) by combining the mathematical models of working memory and procedural memory. For each subject, we associated their behavior to the best possible model by comparing generic models of coordination of these two memories from the current literature as well as our own proposal of a dynamic interaction between memories. In the end, it was our proposal of an interaction instead of a strict separation which proved most effective in the majority of cases to explain the behavior of the subjects. In a second experiment, the same coordination models were tested in a monkey task. Considered as a transferability test, this experiment mainly demonstrates the need for coordination of memories to explain the behavior of certain monkeys. In a third experiment, we modeled the behavior of a group of mice confronted with the learning of a motor action sequence in a labyrinth without visual cues. Comparing with two other learning strategies (path integration and graph planning), the combination of an episodic memory with a procedural memory proved to be the best model to reproduce the behavior of mice
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Lesaint, Florian. "Modélisation du conditionnement animal par représentations factorisées dans un système d'apprentissage dual : explication des différences inter-individuelles aux niveaux comportemental et neurophysiologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066287.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Le conditionnement Pavlovien, l'acquisition de réponses vers des stimuli neutres associés à des récompenses, et le conditionnement instrumental, l'expression de comportements pour atteindre des buts, sont au cœur de nos capacités d'apprentissage. Ils sont souvent étudiés séparément malgré les preuves de leur enchevêtrement. Les modèles de conditionnement instrumental reposent sur le formalisme de l'apprentissage par renforcement (RL), alors que les modèles du conditionnement Pavlovien reposent surtout sur des architectures dédiées souvent incompatibles avec ce formalisme, compliquant l'étude de leurs interactions.Notre objectif est de trouver des concepts, qui combinés à des modèles RL puissent offrir une architecture unifiée permettant une telle étude. Nous développons un modèle qui combine un système RL classique, qui apprend une valeur par état, avec un système RL révisé, évaluant les stimuli séparément et biaisant le comportement vers ceux associés aux récompenses. Le modèle explique certaines réponses inadaptées par l'interaction néfaste des systèmes, ainsi que certaines différences inter-individuelles par une simple variation au niveau de la population de la contribution de chaque système dans le comportement global.Il explique une activité inattendue de la dopamine, vis-à-vis de l'hypothèse qu'elle encode un signal d'erreur, par son calcul sur les stimuli et non les états. Il est aussi compatible avec une hypothèse alternative que la dopamine contribue aussi à rendre certains stimuli recherchés pour eux-mêmes. Le modèle présente des propriétés prometteuses pour l'étude du conditionnement Pavlovien,du conditionnement instrumental et de leurs interactionsPavlovian conditioning, the acquisition of responses to neutral stimuli previously paired with rewards, and instrumental conditioning, the acquisition of goal-oriented responses, are central to our learning capacities. However, despite some evidences of entanglement, they are mainly studied separately. Reinforcement learning (RL), learning by trials and errors to reach goals, is central to models of instrumental conditioning, while models of Pavlovian conditioning rely on more dedicated and often incompatible architectures. This complicates the study of their interactions. We aim at finding concepts which combined with RL models may provide a unifying architecture to allow such a study. We develop a model that combines a classical RL system, learning values over states, with a revised RL system, learning values over individual stimuli and biasing the behaviour towards reward-related ones. It explains maladaptive behaviours in pigeons by the detrimental interaction of systems, and inter-individual differences in rats by a simple variation at the population level in the contribution of each system to the overall behaviour. It explains unexpected dopaminergic patterns with regard to the dominant hypothesis that dopamine parallels a reward prediction error signal by computing such signal over features rather than states, and makes it compatible with an alternative hypothesis that dopamine also contributes to the acquisition of incentive salience, making reward-related stimuli wanted for themselves. The present model shows promising properties for the investigation of Pavlovian conditioning, instrumental conditioning and their interactions
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Anderson, James Howard. "A Spatially Explicit Agent Based Model of Muscovy Duck Home Range Behavior." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3950.
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ABSTRACT
Research in GIScience has identified agent-based simulation methodologies as effective in the study of complex adaptive spatial systems (CASS). CASS are characterized by the emergent nature of their spatial expressions and by the changing relationships between their constituent variables and how those variables act on the system's spatial expression over time. Here, emergence refers to a CASS property where small-scale, individual action results in macroscopic or system-level patterns over time. This research develops and executes a spatially-explicit agent based model of Muscovy Duck home range behavior. Muscovy duck home range behavior is regarded as a complex adaptive spatial system for this research, where this process can be explained and studied with simulation techniques.
The general animal movement model framework presented in this research explicitly considers spatial characteristics of the landscape in its formulation, as well as provides for spatial cognition in the behavior of its agents. Specification of the model followed a three-phase framework, including: behavioral data collection in the field, construction of a model substrate depicting land cover features found in the study area, and the informing of model agents with products derived from field observations.
This framework was applied in the construction of a spatially-explicit agent-based model (SE-ABM) of Muscovy Duck home range behavior. The model was run 30 times to simulate point location distributions of an individual duck's daily activity. These simulated datasets were collected, and home ranges were constructed using Characteristic Hull Polygon (CHP) and Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) techniques. Descriptive statistics of the CHP and MCP polygons were calculated to characterize the home ranges produced and establish internal model validity. As a theoretical framework for the construction of animal movement SE-ABM's, and as a demonstration of the potential of geosimulation methodologies in support of animal home range estimator validation, the model represents an original contribution to the literature. Implications of model utility as a validation tool for home range extents as derived from GPS or radio telemetry positioning data are discussed.
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Zhou, Depu. "Real-time Animal Detection System for Intelligent Vehicles." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31272.
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Animal and Vehicle Collisions (AVCs) have been a growing concern in North America since the abundant wildlife resources and increases of automobiles. Such problems cause hundreds of people deaths, thousands of human injuries, billions of dollars in property damage and countless of wildlife deaths every year. To address these challenges, smart cars have to be equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) able to detect dangerous animals (e.g., moose, elk and cow), which cross the road, and warn the driver about the imminent accident. In this thesis, we explore the performance of different image features and classification algorithms in animal detection application, and design a real-time animal detection system following three criteria: detection accuracy, detection time and system energy consumption. In order to pursue high detection rate
but low time and energy consumption, a double-stage detection system is proposed. In the first stage, we use the LBP adopting AdaBoost algorithm which provides the next stage by a set of region of interests containing target animals and other false positive targets. Afterward, the second stage rejects the false positive ROIs by two HOG-SVM based sub-classifiers. To build and evaluate the animal detector, we create our own database, which will be updated by adding new samples. Through an extensive set of evaluations, we note that the double-stage system is able to detect about 85% of target animals.
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Zhao, Weihong. "A Novel Animal Detection Technique for Intelligent Vehicles." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38045.
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The animal-vehicle collision has been a topic of concern for years, especially in North America. To mitigate the problem, this thesis focuses on animal detection based on the onboard camera for intelligent vehicles.
In the domain of image classification and object detection, the methods of shape matching and local feature crafting have reached the technical plateau for decades. The development of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) brings a new breakthrough. The evolution of CNN architectures has dramatically improved the performance of image classification. Effective frameworks on object detection through CNN structures are thus boosted. Notably, the family of Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) perform well by combining region proposal with CNN. In this thesis, we propose to apply a new region proposal method|Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) in Fast R-CNN to construct the animal detection framework.
MSER algorithm detects stable regions which are invariant to scale, rotation and viewpoint changes. We generate regions of interest by dealing with the result of MSER algorithm in two ways: by enclosing all the pixels from the resulted pixel-list with a minimum enclosing rectangle (the PL MSER) and by fitting the resulted elliptical region to an approximate box (the EL MSER). We then preprocess the bounding boxes of PL MSER and EL MSER to improve the recall of detection. The preprocessing steps consist of filtering out undesirable regions by aspect ratio model, clustering bounding boxes to merge the overlapping regions, modifying and then enlarging the regions to cover the entire animal. We evaluate the two region proposal methods by the measurement of recall over IOU-threshold curve. The proposed MSER method can cover the expected regions better than Edge Boxes and Region Proposal Network (RPN) in Faster R-CNN. We apply the MSER region proposal method to the framework of R-CNN and Fast R-CNN. The experiments on the animal database with moose, deer, elk, and horses show that Fast R-CNN with MSER achieves better accuracy and faster speed than R-CNN with MSER. Concerning the two ways of MSER, the experimental results show that PL MSER is faster than EL MSER and EL MSER gains higher precision than PL MSER. Also, by altering the structure of network used in Fast R-CNN, we verify that network stacking more layers achieves higher accuracy and recall.
In addition, we compare the Fast R-CNN framework using MSER region proposal with the state-of-the-art Faster R-CNN by evaluating the experimental results of on our animal database. Using the same CNN structure, the proposed Fast R-CNN with MSER gains a higher average accuracy of the animal detection 0.73, compared to 0.42 of Faster R-CNN. In terms of detection quality, the proposed Fast R-CNN with MSER achieves better IoU histogram than that of Faster R-CNN.
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Lesaint, Florian. "Modélisation du conditionnement animal par représentations factorisées dans un système d'apprentissage dual : explication des différences inter-individuelles aux niveaux comportemental et neurophysiologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066287/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le conditionnement Pavlovien, l'acquisition de réponses vers des stimuli neutres associés à des récompenses, et le conditionnement instrumental, l'expression de comportements pour atteindre des buts, sont au cœur de nos capacités d'apprentissage. Ils sont souvent étudiés séparément malgré les preuves de leur enchevêtrement. Les modèles de conditionnement instrumental reposent sur le formalisme de l'apprentissage par renforcement (RL), alors que les modèles du conditionnement Pavlovien reposent surtout sur des architectures dédiées souvent incompatibles avec ce formalisme, compliquant l'étude de leurs interactions.Notre objectif est de trouver des concepts, qui combinés à des modèles RL puissent offrir une architecture unifiée permettant une telle étude. Nous développons un modèle qui combine un système RL classique, qui apprend une valeur par état, avec un système RL révisé, évaluant les stimuli séparément et biaisant le comportement vers ceux associés aux récompenses. Le modèle explique certaines réponses inadaptées par l'interaction néfaste des systèmes, ainsi que certaines différences inter-individuelles par une simple variation au niveau de la population de la contribution de chaque système dans le comportement global.Il explique une activité inattendue de la dopamine, vis-à-vis de l'hypothèse qu'elle encode un signal d'erreur, par son calcul sur les stimuli et non les états. Il est aussi compatible avec une hypothèse alternative que la dopamine contribue aussi à rendre certains stimuli recherchés pour eux-mêmes. Le modèle présente des propriétés prometteuses pour l'étude du conditionnement Pavlovien,du conditionnement instrumental et de leurs interactionsPavlovian conditioning, the acquisition of responses to neutral stimuli previously paired with rewards, and instrumental conditioning, the acquisition of goal-oriented responses, are central to our learning capacities. However, despite some evidences of entanglement, they are mainly studied separately. Reinforcement learning (RL), learning by trials and errors to reach goals, is central to models of instrumental conditioning, while models of Pavlovian conditioning rely on more dedicated and often incompatible architectures. This complicates the study of their interactions. We aim at finding concepts which combined with RL models may provide a unifying architecture to allow such a study. We develop a model that combines a classical RL system, learning values over states, with a revised RL system, learning values over individual stimuli and biasing the behaviour towards reward-related ones. It explains maladaptive behaviours in pigeons by the detrimental interaction of systems, and inter-individual differences in rats by a simple variation at the population level in the contribution of each system to the overall behaviour. It explains unexpected dopaminergic patterns with regard to the dominant hypothesis that dopamine parallels a reward prediction error signal by computing such signal over features rather than states, and makes it compatible with an alternative hypothesis that dopamine also contributes to the acquisition of incentive salience, making reward-related stimuli wanted for themselves. The present model shows promising properties for the investigation of Pavlovian conditioning, instrumental conditioning and their interactions
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Greiveldinger, Lucile. "Processus d'évaluation et réponses émotionnelles chez les ovins : prévisibilité, contrôlabilité, correspondance aux attentes et contexte social." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718313.
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Le bien-être animal implique l'état physique mais également l'état mental. Les théories de l'évaluation en psychologie cognitive offrent un cadre conceptuel pour étudier le vécu émotionnel de l'animal qui est inféré de l'évaluation qu'il fait de la situation à laquelle il est confronté, de ses réponses comportementales et physiologiques. Les critères en fonction desquels les animaux évaluent leur environnement doivent être connus afin d'en déduire les émotions qu'ils pourraient ressentir. Nous avons montré que les ovins évaluent un événement en fonction : 1) de sa prévisibilité ; 2) de son adéquation avec les attentes préalablement construites ; 3) de la possibilité qu'ils ont de le contrôler ; 4) du contexte social (dominance/subordination) dans lequel il se produit. Ainsi, les ovins pourraient ressentir des émotions négatives telles que la peur, la colère, ou l'ennui, et des émotions positives comme le plaisir
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Bujuru, Swathi. "Event recognition in epizootic domains." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7070.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Computing and Information Sciences
William H. Hsu
In addition to named entities such as persons, locations, organizations, and quantities which convey factual information, there are other entities and attributes that relate identifiable objects in the text and can provide valuable additional information. In the field of epizootics, these include specific properties of diseases such as their name, location, species affected, and current confirmation status. These are important for compiling the spatial and temporal statistics and other information needed to track diseases, leading to applications such as detection and prevention of bioterrorism. Toward this objective, we present a system (Rule Based Event Extraction System in Epizootic Domains) that can be used for extracting the infectious disease outbreaks from the unstructured data automatically by using the concept of pattern matching. In addition to extracting events, the components of this system can help provide structured and summarized data that can be used to differentiate confirmed events from suspected events, answer questions regarding when and where the disease was prevalent develop a model for predicting future disease outbreaks, and support visualization using interfaces such as Google Maps. While developing this system, we consider the research issues that include document relevance classification, entity extraction, recognizing the outbreak events in the disease domain and to support the visualization for events. We present a sentence-based event extraction approach for extracting the outbreak events from epizootic domain that has tasks such as extracting the events such as the disease name, location, species, confirmation status, and date; classifying the events into two categories of confirmation status- confirmed or suspected. The present approach shows how confirmation status is important in extracting the disease based events from unstructured data and a pyramid approach using reference summaries is used for evaluating the extracted events.
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Arsevska, Elena. "Élaboration d'une méthode semi-automatique pour l'identification et le traitement des signaux d'émergence pour la veille internationale sur les maladies animales infectieuses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS008/document.
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La veille en santé animale, notamment la détection précoce de l'émergence d'agents pathogènes exotiques et émergents à l'échelle mondiale, est l'un des moyens de lutte contre l'introduction de ces agents pathogènes en France.Récemment, il y a eu une réelle prise de conscience par les autorités sanitaires de l'utilité de l'information non-structurée concernant les maladies infectieuses publiée sur le Web.C'est dans ce contexte que nous proposons un outil de veille basé sur une méthode de fouille de textes pour la détection, collecte, catégorisation et extraction de l'information sanitaire à partir des donnés textuelles non structurées (articles médias) publiées sur le Web.Notre méthode est générique. Toutefois, pour l'élaborer, nous l'appliquons à cinq maladies animales infectieuses exotiques : la peste porcine africaine, la fièvre aphteuse, la fièvre catarrhale ovine, la maladie du virus Schmallenberg et l'influenza aviaire.Nous démontrons que des techniques de fouille de textes, complétées par les connaissances d'experts du domaine, sont la fondation d'une veille sanitaire du Web à la fois efficace et réactive pour détecter des émergences de maladies exotiques au niveau international.Notre outil sera utilisé par le dispositif de veille sanitaire internationale en France, et facilitera la détection précoce de signaux de dangers sanitaires émergents dans les articles médias du WebMonitoring animal health worldwide, especially the early detection of outbreaks of emerging and exotic pathogens, is one of the means of preventing the introduction of infectious diseases in France.Recently, there is an increasing awareness among health authorities for the use of unstructured information published on the Web for epidemic intelligence purposes.In this manuscript we present a semi-automatic text mining approach, which detects, collects, classifies and extracts information from non-structured textual data available in the media reports on the Web. Our approach is generic; however, it was elaborated using five exotic animal infectious diseases: african swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, bluetongue, Schmallenberg, and avian influenza.We show that the text mining techniques, supplemented by the knowledge of domain experts, are the foundation of an efficient and reactive system for monitoring animal health emergence on the Web.Our tool will be used by the French epidemic intelligence team for international monitoring of animal health, and will facilitate the early detection of events related to emerging health hazards identified from media reports on the Web
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Mpari, Bedel Raymond. "Implication des canaux potassium dépendant du calcium et de faible conductance au cours des processus mnésiques chez le rat : approche comportementale, pharmacologique, biochimique et biomoléculaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11006.pdf.
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Cette étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’implication des canaux SK (SK1, SK2 et SK3) dans les processus d’apprentissage et de mémorisation. Dans un premier temps, nous avons comparé les effets de l’apamine, une toxine inactivant les canaux SK composés des sous-unités SK2 et SK3 à ceux de la Lei-Dab7, spécifique, à haute affinité uniquement, de la sous-unité SK2, au cours processus mnésiques. Injectées par voie intracérébroventriculaire, l'apamine induit une facilitation mnésique durant la consolidation des informations alors que la Lei-Dab7 n’a aucun effet dans un même contexte de mémorisation. Dans un second temps, nous avons évalué la variation de la densité des canaux SK ainsi que leur expression dans le cerveau de rats à différents stades d'apprentissage. L'apprentissage induit une diminution transitoire de la densité des sites de fixation de l'apamine due à une régulation de l’expression des ARNm SK2 et SK3 au niveau de l’hippocampe. Ainsi l'inactivation des canaux SK par l'apamine renforcerait l'impact de la "downregulation" transitoire des canaux SK sur l'augmentation de l'excitabilité hippocampique observée lors des processus mnésiquesThis study evaluates the involvement of SK channels on learning and memory. In a first time, we compared the effects of two SK channel blockers: apamin, which inactivates SK2 and SK3 channels, and Lei-dab7 which only binds SK2 channel as having a high affinity, on memorization processes. An intracerebroventricular apamin injection improves information consolidation when Lei-Dab7 injection remains without effect on learning. In a second time, we evaluated the variation of the densities of SK channels, and the difference of SK1, SK2, and SK3 subunit mRNA levels in rat brain at different stages of learning. A significant decrease of the apamin binding density was related to a transient down-regulation of SK2 and SK3 mRNA expression in the hippocampus on memorization. These findings indicate that the apamin inactivation of SK channels intensify the impact of the SK channel down-regulation on hippocampal synaptic excitability enhancement during mnesic processes
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Delgado-Mata, Carlos. "Emotion signalling in multiple intelligent virtual agents for believable artifical animals." Thesis, University of Salford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401977.
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Pons, Tomás Patricia. "Towards Intelligent Playful Environments for Animals based on Natural User Interfaces." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/113075.
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El estudio de la interacción de los animales con la tecnología y el desarrollo de sistemas tecnológicos centrados en el animal está ganando cada vez más atención desde la aparición del área de Animal Computer Interaction (ACI). ACI persigue mejorar el bienestar de los animales en diferentes entornos a través del desarrollo de tecnología adecuada para ellos siguiendo un enfoque centrado en el animal. Entre las líneas de investigación que ACI está explorando, ha habido bastante interés en la interacción de los animales con la tecnología basada en el juego. Las actividades de juego tecnológicas tienen el potencial de proveer estimulación mental y física a los animales en diferentes contextos, pudiendo ayudar a mejorar su bienestar.
Mientras nos embarcamos en la era de la Internet de las Cosas, las actividades de juego tecnológicas actuales para animales todavía no han explorado el desarrollo de soluciones pervasivas que podrían proveerles de más adaptación a sus preferencias a la vez que ofrecer estímulos tecnológicos más variados. En su lugar, estas actividades están normalmente basadas en interacciones digitales en lugar de explorar dispositivos tangibles o aumentar las interacciones con otro tipo de estímulos. Además, estas actividades de juego están ya predefinidas y no cambian con el tiempo, y requieren que un humano provea el dispositivo o la tecnología al animal. Si los humanos pudiesen centrarse más en su participación como jugadores de un sistema interactivo para animales en lugar de estar pendientes de sujetar un dispositivo para el animal o de mantener el sistema ejecutándose, esto podría ayudar a crear lazos más fuertes entre especies y promover mejores relaciones con los animales. Asimismo, la estimulación mental y física de los animales son aspectos importantes que podrían fomentarse si los sistemas de juego diseñados para ellos pudieran ofrecer un variado rango de respuestas, adaptarse a los comportamientos del animal y evitar que se acostumbre al sistema y pierda el interés.
Por tanto, esta tesis propone el diseño y desarrollo de entornos tecnológicos de juego basados en Interfaces Naturales de Usuario que puedan adaptarse y reaccionar a las interacciones naturales de los animales. Estos entornos pervasivos permitirían a los animales jugar por si mismos o con una persona, ofreciendo actividades de juego más dinámicas y atractivas capaces de adaptarse con el tiempo.L'estudi de la interacció dels animals amb la tecnologia i el desenvolupament de sistemes tecnològics centrats en l'animal està guanyant cada vegada més atenció des de l'aparició de l'àrea d'Animal Computer Interaction (ACI) . ACI persegueix millorar el benestar dels animals en diferents entorns a través del desenvolupament de tecnologia adequada per a ells amb un enfocament centrat en l'animal. Entre totes les línies d'investigació que ACI està explorant, hi ha hagut prou interès en la interacció dels animals amb la tecnologia basada en el joc. Les activitats de joc tecnològiques tenen el potencial de proveir estimulació mental i física als animals en diferents contextos, podent ajudar a millorar el seu benestar. Mentre ens embarquem en l'era de la Internet de les Coses, les activitats de joc tecnològiques actuals per a animals encara no han explorat el desenvolupament de solucions pervasives que podrien proveir-los de més adaptació a les seues preferències al mateix temps que oferir estímuls tecnològics més variats. En el seu lloc, estes activitats estan normalment basades en interaccions digitals en compte d'explorar dispositius tangibles o augmentar les interaccions amb estímuls de diferent tipus. A més, aquestes activitats de joc estan ja predefinides i no canvien amb el temps, mentre requereixen que un humà proveïsca el dispositiu o la tecnologia a l'animal. Si els humans pogueren centrar-se més en la seua participació com a jugadors actius d'un sistema interactiu per a animals en compte d'estar pendents de subjectar un dispositiu per a l'animal o de mantenir el sistema executant-se, açò podria ajudar a crear llaços més forts entre espècies i promoure millors relacions amb els animals. Així mateix, l'estimulació mental i física dels animals són aspectes importants que podrien fomentar-se si els sistemes de joc dissenyats per a ells pogueren oferir un rang variat de respostes, adaptar-se als comportaments de l'animal i evitar que aquest s'acostume al sistema i perda l'interès. Per tant, esta tesi proposa el disseny i desenvolupament d'entorns tecnològics de joc basats en Interfícies Naturals d'Usuari que puguen adaptar-se i reaccionar a les interaccions naturals dels animals. Aquestos escenaris pervasius podrien permetre als animals jugar per si mateixos o amb una persona, oferint activitats de joc més dinàmiques i atractives que siguen capaces d'adaptar-se amb el temps.
The study of animals' interactions with technology and the development of animal-centered technological systems is gaining attention since the emergence of the research area of Animal Computer Interaction (ACI). ACI aims to improve animals' welfare and wellbeing in several scenarios by developing suitable technology for the animal following an animal-centered approach. Among all the research lines ACI is exploring, there has been significant interest in animals' playful interactions with technology. Technologically mediated playful activities have the potential to provide mental and physical stimulation for animals in different environmental contexts, which could in turn help to improve their wellbeing. As we embark in the era of the Internet of Things, current technological playful activities for animals have not yet explored the development of pervasive solutions that could provide animals with more adaptation to their preferences as well as offering varied technological stimuli. Instead, playful technology for animals is usually based on digital interactions rather than exploring tangible devices or augmenting the interactions with different stimuli. In addition, these playful activities are already predefined and do not change over time, while they require that a human has to be the one providing the device or technology to the animal. If humans could focus more on their participation as active players of an interactive system aimed for animals instead of being concerned about holding a device for the animal or keep the system running, this might help to create stronger bonds between species and foster better relationships with animals. Moreover, animals' mental and physical stimulation are important aspects that could be fostered if the playful systems designed for animals could offer a varied range of outputs, be tailored to the animal's behaviors and prevented the animal to get used to the system and lose interest. Therefore, this thesis proposes the design and development of technological playful environments based on Natural User Interfaces that could adapt and react to the animals' natural interactions. These pervasive scenarios would allow animals to play by themselves or with a human, providing more engaging and dynamic playful activities that are capable of adapting over time.
Pons Tomás, P. (2018). Towards Intelligent Playful Environments for Animals based on Natural User Interfaces [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113075
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Ducoing, Diaz Ana Maria. "Transmission et dissimulation d'information chez le macaque de Tonkean (Macaca Tonkeana)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13130.
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Flemming, Timothy M. "What Meaning Means for Same and Different: A Comparative Study in Analogical Reasoning." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/28.
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The acquisition of relational concepts plays an integral role and is assumed to be a prerequisite for analogical reasoning. Language and token-trained apes (e.g. Premack, 1976; Thompson, Oden, and Boysen, 1997) are the only nonhuman animals to succeed in solving and completing analogies, thus implicating language as the mechanism enabling the phenomenon. In the present study, I examine the role of meaning in the analogical reasoning abilities of three different primate species. Humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus monkeys completed relational match-to-sample (RMTS) tasks with either meaningful or nonmeaningful stimuli. For human participants, meaningfulness facilitated the acquisition of analogical rules. Individual differences were evident amongst the chimpanzees suggesting that meaning can either enable or hinder their ability to complete analogies. Rhesus monkeys did not succeed in either condition, suggesting that their ability to reason analogically, if present at all, may be dependent upon a dimension other than the representational value of stimuli.
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Gibertoni, Giada. "Smart Kennel - Progettazione e realizzazione di una cuccia intelligente." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Secondo uno studio di Eurispes tre italiani su dieci vivono con un animale domestico ed il 63,3% di essi sono cani. Dato che, ad oggi, persone, oggetti ed animali sono sempre più interconnessi, è nata l'idea del progetto Smart Kennel per fondere insieme due trend in crescita in questi ultimi anni.
Nella prima parte di questa tesi si affronta una panoramica sull'Internet delle cose, partendo dalla sua nascita per arrivare alla situazione attuale delle risorse offerte dal mercato.
La seconda parte, invece, si apre con l'analisi dell'idea Smart Kennel, per poi proseguire con una progettazione più approfondita ed il suo sviluppo. Infine si illustra il prototipo costruito per il testing del prodotto.
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Sasse, Jonathan Patrick. "Distinguishing Behavior from Highly Variable Neural Recordings Using Machine Learning." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1522755406249275.
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Gontier, Thierry. "De l'homme à l'animal. Sens et enjeux de la question de la nature de animaux. Du discours traditionnel aux paradoxes des modernes." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040230.
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Cette étude tente une interprétation des deux paradoxes célèbres de la philosophie moderne sur la nature des animaux: la thèse de l'intelligence des bêtes, développée par Montaigne dans l'Apologie de Raymond Sebon (essais,ii,12), et celle des animaux-machines, exposée par Descartes dans la cinquième partie du Discours de la méthode. Pour comprendre en quoi ces thèses sont "excentriques", leur étude est précédée d'une enquête sur la position traditionnelle du problème, issue d’Aristote, selon laquelle les animaux ont un principe psychique de vie et de sentiment, sans accéder à l'intelligence. La position d’Aristote repose sur l'affirmation de l'immanence du logos, a l'œuvre dans l'intelligence humaine comme dans la vie animale. Le nominalisme de la Renaissance assume le paradoxe de la déconstruction de ce discours, pour en reconstruire un nouveau sur la nature des animaux, et, par là, sur celle de l'homme et son rapport à l'animalitéThis research attempts to interpret the two celebrated paradoxes of modern philosophy pertaining to the nature of animals: Montaigne’s thesis of the intelligence of beasts, developed in the "Apology of Raymond Sebond" (essays,ii,12), and Descartes’s thesis of animals as machines, expounded in the fifth part of the discourse on method. To understand to what extent these theses are 'excentric', their study is preceded by questioning the traditional positing of the problem, stemming from Aristotle, and according to which animals have psychic principle of life and feeling, without having intelligence. Aristotle's position is based on the affirmation of logos, present in human intelligence as in animal life. The nominalism of the renaissance assumes the paradox of the deconstruction of that discourse, in order to reconstruct a new one on the nature of animals, and hence of mankind and its relationship with animalism
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Pergolini, Diego. "Reinforcement Learning: un caso di studio nell'ambito della Animal-AI Olympics." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19415/.
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Il Reinforcement Learning (RL) ha ottenuto grandi risulti negli ultimi anni, superando l'uomo nei giochi Atari, nel GO ed in e-sports come Starcraft e Dota2. Può però il RL affrontare sfide complesse che richiedono varie abilità cognitive per superare brillantemente situazioni complesse e variegate, come potrebbe fare un animale o un umano? Per dimostrarlo sarà necessario un benchmark robusto e significativo, come la competizione Animal-AI Olympics. I suoi organizzatori hanno messo a disposizione un'arena in cui un agente si muoverà ed interagirà con vari oggetti, con l’obiettivo di procurarsi del cibo. La competizione include 10 categorie di test, ognuna atta a dimostrare il possesso di una certa capacità cognitiva. L’agente avrà due input sensoriali: visione monoculare e percezione della propria velocità. In questo lavoro si è utilizzato PPO come algoritmo di RL, semplificando i dati della visione considerando solo i colori legati a stimoli positivi e negativi e dividendo l’immagine in quadranti, così da avere input più significativi. L'addestramento è stato coadiuvato da curriculum learning e reward shaping, unitamente alla definizione di scenari istruttivi per l’agente. Con il primo si è voluto insegnare all'agente dapprima la relazione fra oggetti e punteggio ricevuto, per poi addestrarlo ad agire in ambiente più complessi. Con il secondo, qui basato sulle velocità percepite, si è spinto PPO a trovare strategie intelligenti per esplorare l’arena ed ottenere premi. Sono state inoltre condotte delle sperimentazioni su approcci multi-modello, analizzandone i risultati ottenuti. Alcune indagini preliminari hanno riguardato il problema dello SLAM. Il risultato finale è stato un 9° posto su 64 partecipanti, oltre ad un premio sulla categoria 2 (esibizione di preferenze). I risultati dimostrano la bontà delle scelte intraprese sopratutto nell'esibire abilità cognitive più basilari, motivo per cui il percorso per arrivare ad un modello davvero generale è ancora lungo.
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Savina, Stéphanie. "De la veille à l'intelligence économique : indexation qualitative et gestion des risques pour l'industrie pharmaceutique : application à la transgénèse animale." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00534277.
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Dans une interview de 2007, Michael Spence, lauréat du prix Nobel d'économie en 2001, à la question " existe-t-il un leader du logiciel de gestion de risque ? " répond : " La place est à prendre ". Nous souhaitons démontrer qu'une méthodologie de recherche d'information basée sur la déclaration de " liaisons de connaissances ", " pensée " sous la forme d'hypothèse de recherche, est capable de contribuer à anticiper une crise dans le domaine pharmaceutique. Le concept est d'anticiper les possibles dangers pour la poursuite des travaux scientifiques sur la transgénèse animale, en surveillant l'environnement de cette discipline. Pour cela nous avons identifié 8 risques potentiels, et identifié les leviers des phénomènes d'influences. Lorsqu'une des hypothèses de recherche se renforce, alors une actualisation des connaissances sur une thématique est émise, un peu à la manière des signaux d'alertes précoces. Une information qualifiée en connaissances est alors proposée aux décideurs. Le challenge à relever est de travailler simultanément sur des bases de données structurées et sur des données non structurées extraites d'Internet, de sorte de proposer un enrichissement en connaissances du document, sous la forme d'une métadonnée supplémentaire, s'affranchissant de la maîtrise des langages d'indexation, et optimisant la recherche d'information en adéquation avec les besoins, les attentes, et les liaisons de connaissances du décideur explicitées dans le profil de veille. Ce profil de veille personnalisé, qui détecte qu'une hypothèse de recherche émise devient forte, intègre le phénomène d'interprétation. Par analogie, citons la méthodologie des chercheurs lors de leurs travaux de bibliographie papier : en feuilletant des revues, ils mettent instantanément en relief l'information parce que des connexions de connaissances intuitives se sont construites. Pour transposer cette opération et l'automatiser, le profil de veille concentre un ensemble de connaissances implicites et explicites, autant d'informations, support du processus d'interprétation. Ainsi, on glisse de la veille vers l'intelligence économique, un environnement dans lequel un documentaliste peut se révéler l'acteur clé de cette méthodologie
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Pandorfi, Héliton. "Comportamento bioclimático de matrizes suínas em gestação e o uso de sistemas inteligentes na caracterização do ambiente produtivo: suinocultura de precisão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-09092005-145206/.
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O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consiste na avaliação de diferentes sistemas de alojamento para matrizes gestantes, visando caracterizar aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos do ambiente e as variáveis que influenciam o sistema de produção, determinando as condições favoráveis ao melhor desempenho animal, baseada nas respostas ao ambiente de criação. O experimento foi realizado no período compreendido entre 04/01 e 11/03/2005, em uma propriedade de produção industrial de suínos, localizada no município de Elias Fausto, estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no setor de gestação, com 24 matrizes primíparas, 12 fêmeas alojadas em baias individuais (T1) e 12 animais em baias coletivas (T2) e posteriormente na maternidade, onde foram quantificados os índices de produção dos leitões provenientes do estudo. O trabalho foi dividido basicamente em três etapas, em função da forma de avaliação dos dados: análise bioclimática; análise dos sistemas de produção; avaliação de sistemas inteligentes disponíveis, lógica fuzzy e redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) para o estudo de padrões de conforto térmico ambiental e predição dos índices zootécnicos, peso no nascimento e número de leitões mumificados, com base nos dados de temperatura ambiente e taxa respiratória das matrizes. A avaliação bioclimática foi realizada por meio do registro das variáveis meteorológicas (temperatura ambiente, umidade do ar, temperatura de globo negro e velocidade do vento) e ambientais (concentração de gases), na sala de gestação e no ambiente externo, possibilitando a caracterização da eficiência térmica, pelos índices de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU) e entalpia específica (h) e da condição de salubridade da instalação. A análise do sistema de produção teve, como variáveis respostas aos tratamentos avaliados, as relações comportamentais, os parâmetros fisiológicos e os índices zootécnicos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com dois tratamentos e 67 blocos, e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. As variáveis meteorológicas e ambientais apontam o sistema de confinamento em baias coletivas como aquele que permitu melhor condicionamento térmico natural às matrizes em gestação. Com relação à concentração de gases, os teores médios não superaram as concentrações consideradas críticas para as matrizes. Os parâmetros fisiológicos e os índices zootécnicos apresentaram valores mais adequados para o T2, assim como seu reflexo no desempenho da parição dos leitões. A avaliação comportamental, realizada pelo monitoramento por meio do registro de imagens de vídeo, apontou menor incidência de comportamentos resultantes do estresse ambiental, estereotipias e interações agressivas referentes ao estabelecimento de uma organização social no T2 comparativamente ao T1. O uso da teoria dos conjuntos fuzzy permitiu que se fizesse uma alusão entre os dados resultantes do trabalho experimental com os estabelecidos pela literatura, por intermédio de uma base de regras estabelecidas, para a determinação do conforto ambiental aplicado a matrizes na fase de gestação. O sucesso das redes neurais esteve diretamente relacionado com a sua alta versatilidade, permitindo as aproximações propostas neste trabalho para a predição dos índices zootécnicos.This study evaluated different housing systems for pregnant sows aiming to describe quantitative and qualitative aspects of environment, as well as variables that have effect on production system. The optimal conditions for animal performance improvement have been determined analyzing behavioral data took in breeding environment. Trial was carried out from january 4th to march 11th 2005 in a farm specialized in industrial production of pork, located in Elias Fausto City, São Paulo State. In gestation facility 24 gilts were allocated:12 in individual stalls (T1) and 12 in group housing (T2). Further, in farrowing housing, piglets were evaluated in relation to their production variables. Basicaly, this study was divided in three steps in function of the way chose for data analysis: bioclimatic analysis; analysis of the production systems; evaluation of the available intelligent systems: fuzzy logic and artificial neural nets (ANNs) for studing environmental thermal confort patterns and prediction of produtive indexes, birth weights and number of mummifed piglets, based on data of environmental temperature and sow respiratory rates. Bioclimatic evaluation was realized by registering metheorological variables (environmental temperature, air humidity, dark globe temperature and wind velocity) and environmental variables (concentration of gases) inside of parturition room and in external environment, which permitted to characterize thermal efficiency by indexes of globe temperature and humidity (IGTH) and specific enthalpy (h) and salubrious condition of facility. The analysis of production system had as variables the answers to treatments, the behavioral relationships, physiological parameters and productive indexes. Experimental design was randomized blocks with two treatments and 67 blocks. Means were compared by Tukey test. Metheorological and environmental variables indicated the confinement system in group-houses as that permitted the better natural thermal monitoring for pregnant gilts. In relation to concentration of gases, mean levels did not exceed the concentrations considered limitating for sows. Physiological parameters and productive indexes were more adequate in T2, which reflected in performance during parturition. Behavior evaluation, realized by image monitoring using video cameras, showed lower incidence of behaviors related to environmental stress, stereotypies and agressive interactions caused by social organization establishment within group-housing system. The fuzzy set theory permitted to compare experimental data with those reported in cientific papers through rules created for proportionating well-fare of sows during gestation period. The success of neural nets was directly related to it high versatility, wich allowed aproximating productive indexes for predictions proposed in this work.
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Marchi, Sergio. "Propositions pour l'évaluation de la performance d'un système d'intelligence compétitive implanté dans une industrie du secteur de santé animale au Brésil." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287135.
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Le marché mondial de produits pour la santé animale a brassé près de 15 milliards de dollars en 2005, notamment dans le segment d'animaux de compagnie, et il est disputé par de grandes entreprises multinationales qui sont généralement les filiales de grandes organisations exerçant leurs activités sur le marché de la santé humaine, qui investissent lourdement en recherche et développement et en actions de marketing. Dans ce contexte, la société Vallée se détache dans le marché brésilien, car elle est au nombre des cinq plus grandes entreprises du secteur. La stratégie de l'entreprise, définie au début des années 90, de spécialisation dans le marché bovin et dans la prévention de ses maladies, lui vaut aujourd'hui le leadership sur le marché de vaccins et de préparations injectables. Cette position privilégiée et l'évolution de son chiffre d'affaires supérieur à la moyenne du marché durant de nombreuses années, a amené l'entreprise à se préoccuper des mouvements de la concurrence et de l'ensembie de l'environnement concurrentiel, ce qui exigeait la mise en place d'un système efficace de veille de l'environnement concurrentiel. Afin de se prémunir contre les mouvements de la concurrence et de détecter de nouvelles opportunités de croissance, un modèle de système d'intelligence compétitive a été mis au point, à partir de 1999. L'un des soucis de Vallée, au long des années, a toujours été de mesurer ses résultats, et ce, grâce à l'intelligence compétitive. En l'absence d'un modèle universellement accepté pour cette évaluation, l'entreprise a adopté diverses initiatives pour ce faire. Nous proposons dans ce travail deux nouvelles manières de déterminer la valeur de l'intelligence compétitive pour les organisalions, l'une directe, l'autre indirecte.
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Torres, Jorge Alberto Rangel. "Uma arquitetura para animar agentes autônomos em ambientes virtuais usando o modelo BDI." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/90427.
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Humanos virtuais são modelos computacionais de pessoas. Se necessário, podem apresentar uma aparência bastante realista, baseada em princípios fisiológicos e biomecânicos. Além disso, são capazes de comportar-se de forma autônoma e inteligente em ambientes dinâmicos, podendo apresentar até mesmo individualidade e personalidade. Humanos virtuais podem ser utilizados como atores sintéticos. Tais atores têm sido usados em uma série de aplicações com a finalidade de simular a presença de atores reais. A indústria de jogos por computador requer personagens que sejam capazes de reagir apropriadamente a eventos e circunstâncias inesperadas, e até mesmo de alterar o progresso do jogo com seus cursos de ação autônomos. Um modo natural para desenvolver tais personagens prevê o uso de técnicas de inteligência artificial, em particular aquelas relacionadas às áreas de agentes autônomos e sistemas multiagentes. Neste trabalho, propõese o uso do modelo BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) para modelar agentes cognitivos, com a finalidade de implementar personagens animados. O modelo BDI é uma abordagem bastante conhecida e bem sucedida para o desenvolvimento de agentes autônomos em sistemas multiagentes. Trata-se de uma arquitetura poderosa para sistemas dinâmicos e complexos, nos quais agentes podem precisar agir sob informação incompleta e incorreta sobre o seu ambiente e os outros habitantes. Esta dissertação reúne um modelo articulado para animação de personagens, o qual requer a especificação de movimento em cada junta individualmente, e um interpretador para AgentSpeak(L), uma linguagem de programação orientada a agentes que implementa a arquitetura BDI. Foi desenvolvida uma interface que permite que o sistema de raciocínio de um agente, baseado em BDI, seja usado para dirigir o comportamento de um personagem em um sistema de animação. O uso de AgentSpeak(L) é uma abordagem promissora para a especificação em alto nível de animações complexas por computador. O modelo conceitual e sua implementação são apresentados em capítulos distintos. Esta separação visa simplificar a compreensão do modelo proposto, permitindo primeiro analisá-lo em um nível mais alto de abstração, para então verificar detalhes de programação. Este trabalho apresenta também duas animações 3D, usadas para ilustrar a abordagem proposta. A principal animação apresentada envolve um agente situado em um ambiente dinâmico; o agente continuamente percebe o ambiente e raciocina para determinar como agir sobre ele, baseado em seu estado mental BDI. A outra aplicação é bastante simples, mas útil para mostrar algumas questões que são relevantes para obter-se mais eficiência em programas AgentSpeak(L).Virtual humans are computational models of people. If necessary, they can portray a very realistic appearance, based on biomechanical and physiological principles. Besides, they are able to behave in an autonomous and intelligent way in dynamic environments, and even to exhibit individuality and personality. Virtual humans can be used as synthetic actors. Such kind of actors have been used in several applications, such as games, in order to simulate the presence of real actors. The computer-game industry requires characters that are able to react appropriately to unexpected events and circumstances, and even to change the game progress with their autonomous courses of actions. A natural way for developing such characters is by the use of artificial intelligence techniques, in particular those related to the areas of autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. In this work, the use of the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model for cognitive agents in order to implement animated characters is proposed. The BDI model is a well-known and successful approach for the development of autonomous agents in multiagent systems. It is a very powerful architecture for dynamic and complex systems where agents may need to act under incomplete and incorrect information on other agents and their environment. This work brings together an articulated model for character animation, which requires the specification of motion on each joint individually, and an interpreter for AgentSpeak(L), an agent-oriented programming language that implements the BDI architecture. I have developed an interface that allows the BDI-based agent reasoning system to be used for guiding the behaviour of a character in an animation system. The use of AgentSpeak(L) is a promising approach for the high-level specification of complex computer animations. The conceptual model and its implementation are presented in distinct chapters. This separation aims at simplifying the comprehension of the proposed model, allowing its analysis first at a higher abstraction level, and after that to check programming details. This work also presents two 3-D animations used to illustrate the proposed approach. The main animation presented involves an agent that is situated in a dynamic environment; the agent continuously perceives the environment and reasons on how to act upon it based on its BDI mental state. The other application is quite simple, but useful to show some issues that are relevant for obtaining better performance from AgentSpeak(L) programs.
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Marchi, Sergio Quoniam Luc. "Propositions pour l'évaluation de la performance d'un système d'intelligence compétitive implanté dans une industrie du secteur de santé animale au Brésil." [S. l.] : [s.n], 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287135/fr.
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Gaff, Douglas G. "Architecture design and simulation for distributed learning classifier systems." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02132009-172649/.
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Li, Songlin. "Modélisation d'un implant médical intelligent dans son environnement pour le monitorage fonctionnel de la moelle épinière." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS478.
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La moelle épinière (ME) fait partie du système nerveux central. Elle prend naissance dans le cerveau et est responsable de fonctions importantes, telles que la transmission d'informations nerveuses entre le cerveau et la périphérie, ainsi que les réflexes du tronc et des extrémités. Un traumatisme de la ME peut entraîner une perte de sensation et de contrôle d'une partie du corps dans les cas mineurs, ou une paralysie totale dans les cas graves. Le monitorage en temps réel de l'état fonctionnel de la ME au cours d'une chirurgie rachidienne, telle que la chirurgie de la scoliose, est essentiel pour éviter les conséquences graves d'un dommage involontaire à la ME lors de l’acte opératoire. Cependant, il n’existe pas à l'heure actuelle de méthode permettant d'obtenir des informations suffisantes sur les évolutions de la fonction de la ME avant qu'elle ne soit atteinte. L’emploi de l’Imagerie Optique Diffuse (IOD) multi-longueurs d'onde semble être une alternative prometteuse pour répondre à ce besoin. Elle permet en effet de monitorer en temps réel les caractéristiques hémodynamiques de tissus biologiques, qui sont des indicateurs importants pour évaluer leur état fonctionnel. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, on se propose de mettre en œuvre cette technique à travers la modélisation, la réalisation et le test de dispositifs spécifiques. Tout d'abord, la modélisation du système de monitorage en interaction avec l'environnement biologique de la ME est réalisée en SystemC et SystemC-AMS. Cela permet d’estimer les performances du système en cours de développement et de les optimiser, mais aussi d’étudier certaines caractéristiques physiologiques de la ME. Cette approche de modélisation multi-domaines (e.g., optique, biologie, électronique) présente les avantages d'être flexible, facile à modifier et adaptable pour tout d’autre type d'application. Deuxièmement, le prototypage du système de monitorage est réalisé. Basé sur les résultats de la simulation et des données expérimentales, un module de transmission sans-fil de dernière génération est mis en œuvre pour gagner en ergonomie par rapport à l’application visée. Enfin, des données des expérimentations sur modèle porcin sont traitées, afin d’extraire des informations physiologiques pertinentes, ce qui fournit une référence pour un processus de traitement des signaux de la ME. Ces trois parties se complètent pour aboutir à une proposition de dispositif médical qui pourrait être employé dans le futur sur l’homme pour aider les médecins à déterminer l'état fonctionnel de la ME en temps réel et éviter certains traumatismes irréversibles lors d'une intervention chirurgicale du rachis et de sa périphérieThe spinal cord (SC) is part of the central nervous system. It originates in the brain and is responsible for important functions, such as the transmission of nerve information between the brain and the periphery, as well as reflexes in the trunk and extremities. Trauma to the SC can result in loss of sensation and control of a body part in minor cases, or total paralysis in severe cases. Real-time monitoring of the functional status of the ME during spinal surgery, such as scoliosis surgery, is essential to avoid the serious consequences of unintentional damage to the SC during the surgical procedure. However, there is currently no method to obtain sufficient information about the changes in the function of the SC, before it is affected. The use of multi-wavelength Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) seems to be a promising alternative to meet this need. Indeed, it allows real-time monitoring of the hemodynamic characteristics of the SC, which are important indicators for assessing its functional status. In this thesis, we propose to implement this technique through the modeling, realization and testing of a specific device. First of all, the modeling of the monitoring system in interaction with the biological environment of the SC is carried out in SystemC and SystemC-AMS. This allows us to estimate the performances of the system and to optimize them, but also to study the main physiological characteristics of the SC. This multi-domain modeling approach (e.g., optics, biology, electronics) has the advantages of being flexible, easy to modify, and adaptable to any other type of application. Secondly, the prototyping of the monitoring system is realized. Based on the results of the simulation and the experimental data, a wireless transmission module of the last generation is implemented to gain in ergonomics compared to the targeted application. Finally, data from the experiments on the porcine model are processed to extract relevant physiological information, which provides a reference for a signal processing process of the SC. These three parts complement each other to lead to a proposal for a medical device that could be used in the future on human patients to help doctors determine the functional status of the SC in real-time and avoid some irreversible trauma during surgery of the spine and its periphery
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Robert, Gabriel. "MHiCS, une architecture de sélection de l'action motivationnelle et hiérarchique à systèmes de classeurs pour personnages non joueurs adaptatifs." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066165.
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Eraßme, Rolf. "Der Mensch und die 'Künstliche Intelligenz': Eine Profilierung und kritische Bewertung der unterschiedlichen Grundauffassungen vom Standpunkt des gemäßigten Realismus." Diss., RWTH Aachen, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71556.
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After a short introduction concerning the problem of "Artificial Intelligence" (AI) the work continues with a summary of the state of the art.Thereafter, it goes on to profile four different basic scientific views of human beings and AI: symbolism, connectionism, biologism and physicalism. The emphasis is on the elucidation of anthropologically relevant statements to intelligence, spirit, thinking, perception, will, consciousness, self-consciousness, feelings and life.It is demonstrated that the basic views referred to represent greatly abbreviated and distorted pictures of human beings. Theories that do not go beyond the quantifiable level cannot adequately encompass the nature of relevant concepts and capabilities. That is above all because of the fact that generally a philosophical materialism is advocated, which considers the existence of intellectual substances impossible. For this reason a philosophical critique is necessary. The position of moderate and critical realism is advocated, whose anthropological statements are secured by epistemological and metaphysical investigations.The work comes to the conclusion that human beings cannot be understood symbolistically, connectionistically, biologistically or physicalistically. Man is a physical-intellectual entity, endowed with reason, a living social being. He is formed and led by his intellectual and therefore immortal soul, which gives him uniqueness, irreplaceability and the value of personhood. He is capable of thinking and thus of objective, abstract perception, and therefore is intelligent. Humans have an unfettered will, which, led by mental perception, is to be directed toward the good. They are moreover, through reflection, self-conscious. Humans live an intellectually determined life, which essentially differs, despite biological similarity, from that of animals and cannot possibly, due to its substantial superiority, have developed from animal life.All substantial anthropological abilities (such as intelligence, will, consciousness etc.) presuppose spirit. Because it is not within the power of human beings to create a simple substance such as spirit, a thinking, perceptive, intelligent, willing, self-conscious, sentient living being can at best be only technically imitated, modelled or simulated but never be reproduced, copied or created. The relationship of humans to AI is thus determined by an insuperable difference between their natures.
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Beltzung, Benjamin. "Utilisation de réseaux de neurones convolutifs pour mieux comprendre l’évolution et le développement du comportement de dessin chez les Hominidés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ114.
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L’étude du comportement de dessin peut être très informative cognitivement et psychologiquement, tant chez les humains que chez les autres primates. Cette richesse d’information peut également être un frein à son analyse et à son interprétation, en particulier en l’absence d’explication ou verbalisation de son auteur. En effet, il est possible que l’interprétation donnée par un adulte d’un dessin ne soit pas en accord avec l’intention première du dessinateur. Durant ma thèse, j’ai montré que, bien que généralement considérés comme des boîtes noires, les réseaux de neurones convolutifs (CNNs) peuvent permettre de mieux comprendre le comportement de dessin. Dans un premier lieu, l’utilisation d’un CNN a permis de classifier des dessins d’une femelle orang-outan selon leur saison de production ainsi que de mettre en avant une variation de style et de contenu. De plus, une approche ontogénique a permis de quantifier la similarité entre des productions de différents groupes d’âges. Par la suite, des modèles plus interprétables ainsi que l’application de nouvelles méthodes d’interprétabilité pourraient permettre de mieux déchiffrer le comportement de dessinThe study of drawing behavior can be highly informative, both cognitively and psychologically, in humans and other primates. However, this wealth of information can also be a challenge to analysis and interpretation, particularly in the absence of explanation or verbalization by the author of the drawing. Indeed, an adult's interpretation of a drawing may not be in line with the artist's original intention. During my thesis, I showed that, although generally regarded as black boxes, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can provide a better understanding of the drawing behavior. Firstly, by using a CNN to classify drawings of a female orangutan according to their season of production, and highlighting variation in style and content. In addition, an ontogenetic approach was considered to quantify the similarity between productions from different age groups. In the future, more interpretable models and the application of new interpretability methods could be applied to better decipher drawing behavior
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Danel, Samara. "Cognition physique chez l’oiseau : général ou adapté ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2007/document.
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La cognition physique correspond à l’ensemble des connaissances que nous possédons sur les objets inanimés qui nous entourent, et à leurs relations avec l’environnement. Selon l’hypothèse de l’intelligence sociale générale, la cognition physique se serait développée tel un continuum (à l’instar de tous les autres domaines cognitifs), chez les espèces vivant au sein de groupes sociaux complexes. A l’inverse, l’hypothèse de l’intelligence sociale adaptée suppose que le fait d’interagir avec des congénères a permis de développer des capacités cognitives supérieures, mais spécifiques, du domaine social. Bien que les recherches relatives à l’évolution de la cognition physique se soient d’abord focalisées sur les primates, nous savons aujourd’hui que certains oiseaux sont capables d’interagir de manière complexe avec leur monde physique, en utilisant et en fabriquant des outils (p. ex., voir Article 1). Néanmoins, de nombreuses familles aviaires restent à ce jour non étudiées, laissant ce débat en suspens. L’objectif général de ce travail de recherche est de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des facteurs responsables de l’évolution de la cognition, grâce à l’apport théorique de l’hypothèse de l’intelligence sociale suivant son aspect général et adapté. Quatre espèces, jusqu’alors inconnues sur le plan cognitif, ont été sélectionnées suivant leur degré de socialité mais également la spécificité de leur écologie. Ce dernier facteur, trop souvent ignoré en biologie du comportement, est crucial pour apprécier le comportement dans son ensemble. Nous avons ainsi estimé la faculté des sujets, à savoir des pélicans blancs Pelecanus onocrotalus (sociaux) et des euplectes vorabés Euplectes afer afer (grégaires), à reproduire le comportement d’un congénère (domaine social) grâce à un test d’apprentissage social (Articles 2 part I & 3). Nous avons ensuite évalué leur capacité à se servir d’un objet pour obtenir une récompense alimentaire hors de portée (domaine physique), grâce à un test d’utilisation d’outils (Articles 2 part II & 4). Bien que les pélicans fussent capables de résoudre rapidement la tâche d’apprentissage social, ils ne réussirent pas à utiliser spontanément des outils (cf. discussion Article 2 part II). A l’instar du pélican, l’euplecte imita le comportement d’un congénère. Néanmoins, il échoua à utiliser des outils dans le contexte du fourragement, malgré le fait que cet oiseau utilise et fabrique des outils de manière complexe pour construire son nid.A défaut d’avoir pu étudier l’apprentissage social et l’utilisation d’outils chez deux autres espèces sociales, les calaos terrestres Bucorvus et les toucans Ramphastidae, cette recherche consistait également à administrer un paradigme permettant d’apprécier le domaine physique : le test de la ficelle (Articles 5 & 6, respectivement). La tâche impliquait de tirer sur une ficelle afin d’obtenir une récompense alimentaire accrochée à son extrémité. Les calaos terrestres échouèrent à tirer sur la ficelle dans la configuration verticale, mais réussirent rapidement la tâche dans diverses conditions de la configuration horizontale. Chez les toucans, cependant, un seul sujet réussit le test dans sa configuration verticale. Les résultats obtenus nous permettent de réfuter l’hypothèse de l’intelligence sociale dans son aspect général. En effet, aucun lien ne semble se dessiner entre le domaine social et physique chez les quatre espèces aviaires étudiées. Bien que l’hypothèse de l’intelligence sociale soit soutenue depuis plus de quatre décennies, une théorie unitaire est requise. Dans ce cadre, un nouveau modèle d’évolution cognitive, permettant d’évaluer l’importance de l’intelligence générale chez une espèce donnée, pourrait s’avérer particulièrement prometteurPhysical cognition is defined as the knowledge that we possess about the inanimate objects surrounding us, and their relation with the environment. According to the general social intelligence hypothesis, physical cognition would have developed as a continuum (like all the other cognitive domains), in species living in complex social groups. By contrast, the adapted social intelligence hypothesis assumes that interacting with conspecifics has allowed development of superior, but specific, cognitive capacities related to the social realm. Although research on the evolution of cognition first focused on primates, we now know that some avian species are capable of interacting with their physical world in a complex way by using and manufacturing tools (e.g., Article 1). However, to date, various bird families are still unstudied, leaving open this debate. The general goal of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the factors acting on the evolution of cognition, thanks to the theoretical input of the social intelligence hypothesis according to its general and adapted aspect. Four species that had never been studied in cognitive studies before were selected according to their degree of sociality but also according to the specificity of their ecology. This latter factor has been largely ignored in behavioural biology, although it is crucial for a more holistic comprehension of the behaviour. This work aimed to assess the ability of two avian species, great white pelicans Pelecanus onocrotalus (social birds) and yellow-crowned bishops Euplectes afer afer (gregarious birds), to imitate the behaviour of a trained conspecific (social domain) with a social learning task (Articles 2 part I & 3, respectively). Subsequently, we have studied heir ability to use an object in order to get an out-of-reach food reward (physical domain) with a tool use task (Articles 2 part II & 4). Although pelicans were capable of rapidly solving the social learning task, they did not succeed in using tools spontaneously (cf. discussion Article 2 part II). The bishops were able to imitate the behaviour of a conspecific, however they were not capable of using tools in the foraging context, although these birds are well known to use and manufacture tools in quite a complex way in order to build their nests. We have also administrated to two other avian social species, ground-hornbills Bucorvus and toucans Ramphastidae, an experimental paradigm to assess cognition in the physical domain: the string-pulling test (Articles 5 & 6, respectively). The task involved pulling on a string in order to obtain a food reward attached to its extremity. Ground-hornbills failed to pull on the string in the vertical configuration, but rapidly solved the task in various conditions within the horizontal configuration. In toucans, however, only one subject succeeded in the vertical configuration. These results allow us to refute the social intelligence hypothesis in its general aspect. Indeed, no link seems to be drawn between the social and the physical domains in the four species studied. Although the social intelligence hypothesis is supported since decades, a unitary theory is required. A new model of cognitive evolution, that allows assessing the importance of general intelligence in species, may be particularly promising
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Porphyre, Vincent. "Comment concilier le développement des systèmes d'élevage porcin et l'amélioration de la qualité des produits animaux : modélisation multi-agents appliquée au secteur de l'élevage porcin à Madagascar pour la conception et l'évaluation de scénarii de lutte contre la cysticercose." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0025.
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La cysticercose, parasitose tropicale négligée due à Taenia solium et dont le cycle concerne l’Homme et le porc, est responsable de 50 000 décès chaque année, principalement dans les pays du Sud. Notre travail de thèse a tenté d’explorer la situation épidémiologique de cette maladie dans la population porcine de Madagascar et de comprendre les déterminants expliquant sa prévalence dans le contexte épidémiologique et économique du pays. Dans un premier temps, nos enquêtes de prévalence en abattoir ont permis d’estimer une prévalence apparente de 4.6% [4.2-5.0%] au niveau national et une prévalence corrigée de 21.03% [19.18-22.87%] en tenant en compte de la sensibilité de la méthode (inspection vétérinaire par observation macroscopique). Dans un second temps nous avons modélisé le lien environnement-animal-homme dans le contexte des Hautes-Terres de Madagascar où l’élevage porcin est semi-intensifié mais où la cysticercose porcine reste endémique. Notre modèle multi-agents, développé sous Cormas, nous a permis de modéliser les comportements simplifiés des acteurs humains et animaux ainsi que les processus sanitaires et environnementaux. Une analyse de sensibilité multivariée nous a aidé à mieux comprendre les réactions du modèle vis-à-vis des paramètres d’entrée employés. Il s’est révélé sensible principalement à des paramètres décrivant (i) l’exposition des animaux à des aliments contaminés par des œufs de T. solium, notamment par la distribution d’aliments non contrôlés par l’éleveur et l’accès à un environnement contaminé, et (ii) la capacité infectante des œufs de T. solium, leur excrétion et leur survie dans l’environnement. Cette démarche exploratoire nous a permis ainsi d’identifier les paramètres d’importance mettant en lumière les besoins de recherche à mener pour renforcer la vraisemblance des résultats du modèle et nous aider à tester l’impact des scénarios de lutte contre la cysticercose dans des bassins de production porcine représentatifs de la réalité du paysPorcine cysticercosis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease due to Taenia solium, with a cycle involving humans and pigs, is responsible for 50,000 deaths each year, mainly in the developing countries. Our PhD work has tried to explore the epidemiological situation of this disease in the swine population of Madagascar and to understand the determinants explaining its prevalence in the epidemiological and economic context of the country. As a first step, abattoir surveys estimated an apparent prevalence of 4.6% [4.2-5.0%] at the national level and a corrected prevalence of 21.03% [19.18-22.87%] taking into account the sensitivity of the method (veterinary inspection by macroscopic observation). In a second step, we modeled the environment-animal-human link in the context of Malagasy highlands where pig farming is semi-intensified but porcine cysticercosis remains endemic. Our multi-agent model, developed under Cormas, allowed us to model the simplified behaviors of human and animal actors as well as health and environmental processes. A multivariate sensitivity analysis helped us better understand the model's responses to the input parameters used. It was sensitive primarily to parameters describing (i) the exposure of animals to food contaminated with T. solium eggs, including the distribution of non-farmer-controlled feed and access to contaminated environment, and (ii) the infectious capacity of T. solium eggs, their excretion and survival in the environment. This exploratory approach allowed us to identify the important parameters, highlighting the research needs to be carried out to reinforce the likelihood of the model results and help us to test the impact of the control scenarios against cysticercosis in pig production areas characteristic of the country's situation
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Pavlic, Theodore P. "Optimal Foraging Theory Revisited." Connect to resource, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181936683.
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