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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal metaphors'
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Ntabo, Victor, and George Ogal Ouma. "A Metaphoric Analysis of Miriri’s Ekegusii Pop Song Ebunda." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i1.163.
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The study undertakes a metaphoric analysis of the animal metaphors in Miriri’s Ekegusii pop song “Ebunda” (a donkey) to reveal meaning. The meaning of the animal metaphors in the song might be elusive to the majority of the fans because metaphor is principally a matter of thought and action which is often situated in a specific context. The study employed the descriptive research design to describe the metaphors as used in the song. First, four coders (including the researchers) were employed to identify the metaphors in the song through the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit. Secondly, the metaphors in the song were classified into animal metaphors based on the levels of the principle of Great Chain of Being metaphor (GCBM). The animal metaphors in “Ebunda” were then explained using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The study reveals that animals are stratified source domains used to effectively conceptualize human beings as highlighted in the song. In addition, the animal metaphors in “Ebunda” are used on a cognitive basis to reveal the perceptions Abagusii (the native speakers of Ekegusii) have about some animals in society. Metaphors are crucial ways of communication and are best explained using the Cognitive Linguistics paradigm.
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Albtoush, Mohammad Abedltif, and Sakina Suffian Sahuri. "Beyond Predator and Prey: Figuring Corruption through Animal Metaphoric Scenarios in the Jordanian Context." English Language and Literature Studies 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n2p110.
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Combining a cognitive approach based on Lakoff’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory and a pragmatic approach based on Critical Metaphor Analysis, this study investigates the use of ANIMAL metaphoric scenarios to figure corruption as a relationship between predators and prey and the cultural implications in the Jordanian context. It also seeks to identify the diverse functions performed by the use of ANIMAL metaphors. Data for the study consist of 10 excerpts taken from a satire-genre discourse “sawalief.com”. My argument is that all animal metaphors in the corpus promote the contrast between the ACTIVITY of corrupters and the PASSIVITY of the citizenry and that the goal of this rhetoric is to move the PASSIVE citizenry into ACTION by shaming them into fighting corruption. This is clearly illustrated through the use of two types of ANIMAL metaphoric scenarios: ACTIVE ANIMALS representing corrupters and politicians, and PASSIVE ANIMALS representing the citizens. In addition, the use of these metaphors performs diverse functions: ideological, cognitive, and rhetorical.
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Galera Masegosa, Alicia, and Aneider Iza Erviti. "Conceptual complexity in metaphorical resemblance operations revisited." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 28, no. 1 (September 10, 2015): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.28.1.05gal.
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The present article is concerned with the analysis of so-called metaphoric resemblance operations. Our corpus of animal metaphors, as representative of resemblance metaphors, reveals that there are complex cognitive operations other than simple one-correspondence mappings that are necessary to understand the interpretation process of the selected expressions (which include metaphor and simile). We have identified a strong underlying situational component in many of the examples under scrutiny, which requires the metonymic expansion of the metaphoric source. Additionally, metaphoric amalgams (understood as the combination of the conceptual material from two or more metaphors) and high-level metonymy in interaction with low-level metaphor are also essential for the analysis of animal metaphors.
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Arkin, Robert M. "Editorial: Animal Metaphors." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 31, no. 4 (November 18, 2009): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01973530903320676.
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Jamzaroh, Siti. "JENIS DAN BENTUK METAFORA DALAM KISDAP “JULAK AHIM” KARYA JAMAL T. SURYANATA." UNDAS: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/und.v14i1.1135.
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This research is aimed to find out 1) to know the type of metaphor of Kisdap "Julak Ahim" (2) to describe the metaphoric function in that contained in Kisdap "Julak Ahim" The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. Data collection is done by reading technique and record technique. Furthermore, the data are classified based on the metaphorical characteristics shown. Data analysis is done by contrasting the expression data used with the metaphor. The results found are: 1) The type of metaphor found based on 1.1) its constituent elements in kisdap "Julak Ahim" is a) the animal metaphor (2); b) the synesthesia metaphor (1); c) anthropomorphic metaphor (2); and d) concrete-abstract metaphor (2); 1.2) based on its structure, there are a) subjective and complementary nominative metaphors and b) sentence metaphors.
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Forth, Gregory. "Bad Mothers and Strange Offspring: Images of Scrubfowl and Sea Turtles in Eastern Indonesia." Ethnobiology Letters 11, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.11.2.2020.1624.
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One way birds communicate knowledge to humans and facilitate communication among humans is through metaphors. A recent book discusses animal metaphors, nearly a third of which employ birds as vehicles, used by the Nage people of Flores Island (eastern Indonesia). As applied to human beings and human behaviors, bird metaphors reveal considerable overlap with other animal metaphors; thus, a full understanding of these requires additional attention to the metaphoric or more generally symbolic value of other sorts of non-human animals. Emphasizing how knowledge of birds is shaped in some degree by an extra-cultural empirical experience of the creatures, the present discussion explores similar representations of a bird, the scrubfowl, and a marine reptile, the sea turtle, among people in several parts of Flores.
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Oļehnoviča, Ilze, Jeļena Tretjakova, and Solveiga Liepa. "Metaphors Instrumental in Achieving the Pragmatic Effect in Animal Rights Advertisements." Research in Language 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.18.4.06.
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Metaphor can manifest itself in a variety of form including the visual one, which can be an extremely expressive means of communication. That is why visual metaphors are widely used by marketers and advertisers thus becoming a topical object of linguistic research programmes. The study of visual metaphor is tightly related to the study of conceptual metaphor as the target message delivered by a picture is derived from a certain source field that is employed for metaphorical representation. Another type of metaphor commonly used in visual representation is a multimodal metaphor. The present research dwells upon the study of metaphor use in animal rights protection advertisements. The hypothesis of the study is that visual metaphors present strong content that can activate emotions and contribute to the marketers’ desire to influence the audience.
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Wulandari, Ari. "KEARIFAN LOKAL ORANG JAWA DALAM METAFORA NOVEL PARA PRIYAYI, KARYA UMAR KAYAM." SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities 1, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.27779.
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The metaphor is born because of the limitations of human language, while the human mind is unlimited. This research data is a metaphor in the Para Priyayi novel. This study uses a qualitative research design or research context. Metaphors are covered depends context of existing metaphors in the Para Priyayi novel. Metaphoric consists of nine patterns, namely (1) one sentence, one metaphor, (2) one sentence, two metaphors, (3) one sentence, three metaphors, (4) tenor at the front, the vehicle in the behind, (5) vehicle at the front, tenor in the behind, (6) noun - verb, (7) verb - noun, (8) noun - adjective, and (9) the frozen form. As there are four kinds of metaphor, namely (1) a metaphor of man, (2) a metaphor of animal, (3) a metaphor of plant, and (4) a metaphor of natural circumstances. The sphere of life that exists in the Para Priyayi novel metaphor includes five programs: (1) economics, (2) the family, (3) community, (4) the natural environment, and (5) of religion and belief. The values of local wisdom includes nine things, namely (1) character, (2) ethics, (3) chivalry, (4) the concept of Manunggaling Kawula kalawan Gusti, (5) education, (6) the attitude of the community, (7) moral education, (8) self-control, and (9) leadership. The research proves that metaphor in the Para Priyayi novel has certain forms and types, contains the realm of Javanese life, and the values of Java local wisdom.
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Sekret, Iryna. "Strategies of conveying metaphors in political discourse: analysis of the Turkish translations of George Orwell's “Animal Farm”." International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 6, no. 4 (May 18, 2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v6n4.911.
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Translating metaphor and metaphoric expressions is one of the disputable problems in translation studies due to the conceptual discrepancies which exist between the source culture and the target readership, moreover, if the metaphor plays a crucial role in creating an appeal to the reader as in the political text. In this respect, it is under the discussion of how to deal with a metaphor when translating political discourse, and what are the dominating strategies and traditions of translating metaphoric units in Turkish translations. Caused by the theoretical and practical urgency of the problem, this paper is aimed to analyze strategies of conveying metaphors from English to Turkish based on the novel “Animal Farm” by George Orwell and its Turkish translations by Sedat Demir and Celal Üster. To achieve the aims of the research the efforts were undertaken to compare the original text with its two different translations. For the precise analysis, Old Major’s speech was thoroughly scrutinized on the point of the metaphoric expressions in the text and their correspondences in the Turkish translations.
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Prokhorova, Olga N., Igor V. Chekulai, Olga I. Agafonova, Elena V. Pupynina, Oksana V. Markelova, and Marina S. Matytsina. "Political metaphor in Covid-19 media coverage." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-D (July 10, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-d1061p.15-21.
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The article is meant to look at the COVID-19 coverage in political discourse in the frames of the metaphor based approach. The authors aimed at examining the role of language and metaphor in the way we speak and understand as particular metaphorical concepts appear to be key mechanisms of shaping the reality in these times. The results introduced in the article show that currently predominating types of metaphors such as military or war metaphors, animal and catastrophe metaphors. The above metaphors are studied in political discourses on the gross scale.
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Tarwiyah, Siti. "Indonesian and English Lexical Metaphoric Expressions Used In Online Competition News Text." Register Journal 9, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v9i1.13-23.
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The subject of this article deals with discourse semantics. The focus of its description is metaphoric expressions used to express competition news in online media. Based on some theories about metaphor, the writer tries to search for kinds of metaphoric expressions used and the reasons behind the use of the expressions. The result shows that English and Indonesian language use lexical metaphors with three specifications, i.e. anthropomorphic, animal, and synesthetic. The choice of specific lexical metaphoric expressions is related to situational and cultural aspects.
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Tarwiyah, Siti. "Indonesian and English Lexical Metaphoric Expressions Used In Online Competition News Text." Register Journal 9, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v9i1.514.
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The subject of this article deals with discourse semantics. The focus of its description is metaphoric expressions used to express competition news in online media. Based on some theories about metaphor, the writer tries to search for kinds of metaphoric expressions used and the reasons behind the use of the expressions. The result shows that English and Indonesian language use lexical metaphors with three specifications, i.e. anthropomorphic, animal, and synesthetic. The choice of specific lexical metaphoric expressions is related to situational and cultural aspects.
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Fernandes, Kristina. "Translating English WOMAN IS AN ANIMAL metaphors: Spanish native speakers’ associations with novel metaphors." Linguistik Online 108, no. 3 (May 9, 2021): 33–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.108.7797.
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Animal metaphors are prevalent across languages and convey a variety of, oftentimes negative, meanings – more so for women than men. In English, for example, both lion and lioness refer to a sexually active, dominant man or woman respectively, but while the former is endowed with positive connotations (courage, strength), the latter evokes negative associations (danger, voracity). There are some animal terms, however, that do not feature in animal metaphors in a certain language, posing the question as to which associations are evoked by those animal terms that are not part of conventional animal metaphors. This paper explores Spanish speakers’ interpretations of mappings of the woman is an animal metaphor that are documented to exist in English but not in Spanish. This was tested with two online questionnaires, one employing open questions and the other one Likert scales presenting possible traits (e. g. quarrelsome, kind, promiscuous), in which Spanish speakers had to judge the animal metaphors which were translated from English. The results show that the novel animal metaphors are mainly associated by Spanish native speakers with negative features, first and foremost with ugliness. Additionally, most of the animal terms convey different meanings in English and Spanish. For example, musaraña, the Spanish equivalent of shrew, is not associated with bad temper and quarrelling, but instead with ugliness and muddleheadedness. Furthermore, the findings reveal significant insecurities in the interpretation of the translated metaphors by the Spanish speakers. These results might be an indication for both the arbitrariness and the stableness of associations with different animal species, depending on the speakers’ culture. It also seems that novel animal metaphors mainly provide mental access to unattractiveness as it is a concrete physical feature and might therefore be more accessible than abstract personality traits such as kindness or quarrelsomeness.
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Ntabo, Victor Ondara, Moses Gatambuki Gathigia, and Naom Moraa Nyarigoti. "A Cognitive Approach to EkeGusii Pop Songs." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.166.
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A review of literature on pop songs reveals that composers use metaphors to communicate their feelings. In particular, the meaning of the metaphors in EkeGusii pop songs needs to be interpreted to reveal the message of the composers. The EkeGusii pop singer Christopher Mosioma’s (Embarambamba) songs have gained fame in Kenya because of their richness in the usage of metaphors. One of Christopher Mosioma’s songs, amasomo (education) which was launched in 2015 has gained acclaim from Kenyans. The song amasomo (education) is basically presented as a piece of advice to students to embrace education in order to optimally reap from its benefits. The study identified 10 metaphors in the song amasomo (education) through the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit. In order to interpret the metaphors in the EkeGusii pop song amasomo (education), the Conceptual Metaphor Theory complemented by the folk conception of the generic Great Chain of Being Metaphor were employed. The study employed four coders (including the researchers) in the identification of the metaphors. The study found that, inter alia, animal, plant and object metaphors are used in the song amasomo (education). The study concludes that the metaphors in the EkeGusii pop songs belong inherently to different levels of the generic Great Chain of Being Metaphor.
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Dryll, Ewa. "Changes in Metaphor Comprehension in Children." Polish Psychological Bulletin 40, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10059-009-0015-1.
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Changes in Metaphor Comprehension in Children The aim of the study was to follow the implicit patterns in children's responses to metaphor describing human by means of a name of animal. The main problem in present study was: which traits of topic (human) would be spontaneously used by children from three age groups? The study followed a quasi-experimental design. The subjects were 77 children from three age groups: 5;6-6;0, 8;0-8;6, 9;6-10;0. The dependent variable: the level of comprehension of 18 metaphors with vehicles from the animal domain and one topic - human. The variable was measured through individual Piagetian interviews. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the ability to activate metaphorical thinking in order to describe human attributes increases with age, with a turning point around 8 year of life. The traits mentioned by subjects could be classified into five categories: unambiguous evaluations, physical features, behavior, behavioral traits, dispositions (intellectual, emotional, communion) and agency. Older children assigned more human dispositional traits, thoughts and preferences to the objects of metaphors. Younger ones often focused on the physical features of animals. With age, the tendency to give positive evaluations to the objects of metaphors increases.
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Ntabo, Victor Ondara, Naom Moraa Nyarigoti, and Moses Gatambuki Gathigia. "Interpreting the Human Being Metaphors in Ekegusii Pop Songs Using the Cognitive Semantics Framework." Issues in Language Studies 7, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ils.1612.2018.
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The paper explores the human being metaphors in Ekegusii pop songs (EPS). Composers of EPS use human being metaphors to convey their message in different perspectives. It is possible for the meaning of the human being metaphors to elude the audience of EPS because language is both embodied and situated in a specific environment. Therefore, the meaning of the metaphors need to be objectively interpreted to reveal the message of the composers. The study purposively sampled Christopher Mosioma’s (Embarambamba) EPS amasomo (education) and the late Ontiri Bikundo’s obwanchani (love) based on the songs’ richness in metaphors. The Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit was used to identify 54 metaphors in the EPS by four coders (including the researchers). The concept of conceptual mapping, which is a fundamental tenet of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, was employed to understand the source domains in terms of the target domains. The identified metaphors were classified into four conceptual domains of human being, animal, plant and object using the principle of the Great Chain of Being Metaphor. The paper then identified eight human being metaphors for the present study. The research found that human being metaphors are important ways of conceptualizing other human beings in society. In addition, metaphors are important tools of communication and should be explained using a cognitive semantics framework. The findings of the study will benefit the audience of the EPS, ethnographers and metaphor theorists to conceptualise EPS and culture.
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DWYER, PETER D. "Animal Metaphors: An Evolutionary Model." Mankind 12, no. 1 (May 13, 2010): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.1979.tb00673.x.
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Goatly, Andrew. "Humans, Animals, and Metaphors." Society & Animals 14, no. 1 (2006): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853006776137131.
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AbstractThis article examines the ideological implications of different interpretations of the statement "Humans are animals." It contrasts theories that regard humans as literally sophisticated animals with those who interpret the statement metaphorically. Sociobiological theories, bolstered by metaphors in the dictionary of English emphasize competitiveness and aggression as features shared by humans and nonhuman animals. Other theories emphasize symbiosis and cooperation. Some of these theories are prescriptive—metaphor patterns in English reflect the strong tendency to regard animal behavior as something for humans to avoid. Conversely, sociobiologists suggest it is natural and right to behave like animals, the naturalistic fallacy. Other cultural theories suggest that the statement is only metaphorical; our differences from animals are what make us most human. The article notes the tendency to metaphorically project the values and structures of current human society onto the animals being studied, serving the interest of those who, in power, benefit from the status quo.
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Haslam, Nick, Steve Loughnan, and Pamela Sun. "Beastly: What Makes Animal Metaphors Offensive?" Journal of Language and Social Psychology 30, no. 3 (June 15, 2011): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x11407168.
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Sommer, Robert, and Barbara A. Sommer. "Zoomorphy: Animal Metaphors for Human Personality." Anthrozoös 24, no. 3 (September 2011): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175303711x13045914865024.
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Andrighetto, Luca, Paolo Riva, Alessandro Gabbiadini, and Chiara Volpato. "Excluded From All Humanity." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 35, no. 6 (July 26, 2016): 628–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x16632267.
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Past research suggested that—from the perspective of perpetrators—animal metaphors are a powerful means to reinforce social exclusion and to foster hostile behaviors against the targets of social exclusion. In the current work, we focus on the consequences of this dehumanizing form of social exclusion from the perspective of victims. In two studies, we manipulated the presence of animal metaphors in a variety of contexts of interpersonal social exclusion. Our results showed that when social exclusion is associated with animal metaphors, its consequences are exacerbated. In particular, labelling targets of social exclusion as animals indirectly caused them to display more aggressive tendencies compared with when they are labelled with corresponding offending, but nondehumanizing, attributes. Crucially, this increased aggressiveness was mediated by higher perceptions of being treated (Study 1) or viewed (Study 2) by others as animal-like. Overall, our research showed the detrimental effects of the interplay between social exclusion and animal metaphors from the perspective of victims.
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Kasbekar, Sushama. "Use Of Imagery And Metaphor In Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger." Lingua Cultura 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2011): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v5i2.381.
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This paper focuses on the use of imagery and metaphors in Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger (2008). The writer deliberately and skillfully uses animal imagery and other kinds of metaphors to highlight the intrinsic values of his characters and present themes and characters vividly. This paper highlights how this imagery and metaphor has been used by the writer to bring out the thematic rich and poor divide or the servitude of the poor and overbearing opulence of the rich. The metaphors give added value to the themes and the characters and provide an immediate verbal picture.
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Velykoroda, Yuriy, and Marta Vasylyshyn. "Typology of metaphors in popular science media discourse (based on National Geographic resources)." Synopsis: Text Context Media 26, no. 3 (2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2020.3.5.
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The article deals with the analysis of conceptual metaphors in media discourse on the basis of English popular science texts. The material for the research includes texts from National Geographic resources (2016–2020), namely, from the National Geographic Magazine and Nat Geo Wild TV channel covering articles on history, environment, natural science, animal life and geography. The aim of the survey is to define the types of conceptual metaphors (after A. Chudinov) and to determine the dominant tendencies of their functioning. To achieve the aim, we used the conceptual analysis when determining conceptual models and their classification according to the types. Despite a somewhat indeterminate status of the popular science genre and its place in the structure of media or scientific discourse, scholars agree that such texts are characterized by a simplified presentation of scientific notions that should be easily understood by the audience which does not have the respective scientific background, as well as by the use of stylistic devices to make the text more expressive. In the survey, we have defined that all four types of metaphorical models are used in popular science media texts: anthropomorphous, nature-morphous, sociomorphous and artefact metaphors. Sociomorphous and artefact metaphors have been used most widely. By using sociomorphous metaphors, the authors of popular science texts compare natural phenomena with social relations between people. Namely, the behavior of animals or the functioning of plants is compared with military, sports or professional activity of people. The most prominent type was that of the artefact metaphors. By using such metaphors, authors draw parallels between how the animal world operates or how natural phenomena happen, and how more familiar artificial objects function. The most dominant in this group was the metaphor with the source domain “machine”, which is mapped on such spheres as “natural phenomenon”, “member of the animal world” etc. In addition to this source domain, artefact metaphors also included such concepts as clothes, building, food products. A relatively insignificant number of anthropomorphous and nature-morphous metaphors could be explained by the fact that in order to conceptualize natural phenomena, authors tend to use domains from noncontiguous spheres. The results of the article contribute to better understanding of how popular science texts function. Further research in this direction could be done in the examination of other lingual cognitive features of such texts, namely in researching how conceptual metonymies function here, as well as survey of other stylistically expressive means in these texts.
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Abdo, Ibrahem Mohamad Khalefe Bani. "Preserving Style in Translating Metaphors of a Literary Text from English into Arabic." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 1559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.4.1559.1574.
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This paper investigates the stylistics issues in translating metaphors of George Orwell's Animal Farm from English into two different Arabic translations and whether the metaphors’ style is maintained or not in the target texts. The research presents concepts related to metaphor translation such as text types and semantic/ communicative translation. This study is based on Newmark’s (1988) classifications of metaphors. The data are selected randomly from the novel, then the target texts equivalents are provided to investigate the maintaining of metaphors’ style in TT (1) and TT (2) as compared to the ST. The study concludes that the translators try their best to reproduce the same image in the TT (target text) as closely as possible. Although, it is important for a metaphor to be retained in the translation, however, the study reveals that some metaphors has been translated word-by-word in both target texts (TT1 and TT2). TT (2) follows the target readers’ culture (Arabic culture) in translating some of these metaphors to some-extent more than the TT (1). Metaphors are translated in both denotative and connotative associations. TT2 has deleted some metaphors from the translation (TT2) which may cause some loss in meaning. TT1 is to some-extent successfully conveyed all metaphors which may express the translator’s fluency as a well-known author. Omissions reveal that TT2 is conventional to the target culture. Finally, the study concludes that TT1 is more restricted to the ST style; whereas, TT2 is restricted more to the target language (Arabic).
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Onchoke, Aunga Solomon, and Xu Wen. "Leader metaphors in Ekegusii language." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 194–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00002.onc.
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Abstract This is a cognitive linguistic study of a cultural-specific metaphor of a leader in Ekegusii, an African Bantu language in Kenya. A descriptive research design was used whereby the natives were asked to identify and explain the Ekegusii leader metaphorical terms and phrases, describe the social cultural values and to account for the cognitive mapping processes involved. The data collected were analyzed using the Cognitive Metaphor Theory (CMT) of Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The results show that a leader in Ekegusii is conceptualized as a plant, animal, object or the behavior the leader exhibits (also act as X domains). It was also found out that context, values, attitude of the speaker and cultural knowledge play a major role in interpreting and understanding Ekegusii leader metaphors. The study concludes by suggesting further research of metaphors in African and other languages to enable comparisons.
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Ahmadi, Anas, and Abd Syukur Ghazali. "Environmental Metaphors in Contemporary Indonesian Literature." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.3p.151.
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This study is for exploring the environmental metaphor in Indonesian novel. The environmental metaphor is focused on animal and plant metaphors. This study uses qualitative approach and data sources from the novels of Burung-Burung Manyar (2014), Burung-burung Rantau (2014) by YB Mangunwijaya, Mantra Pejinak Ular (2014) by Kuntowijoyo. The data analysis technique that is used refers to the Miles & Huberman flow model (1994) related to (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) display data, (4) conclusion drawing and revision. The results show that the environmental metaphor has a function to understand the philosophy of human life from the environment and the author’s criticism about people who destroy the environment or commit corruptions/evil things.
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Kelly, Arlene M., and Gary Urton. "Animal Myths and Metaphors in South America." Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 2 (May 1987): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515028.
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Fabian, Stephen M., and Gary Urton. "Animal Myths and Metaphors in South America." Western Folklore 46, no. 1 (January 1987): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1500027.
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Henley, Paul, and Gary Urton. "Animal Myths and Metaphors in South America." Man 22, no. 3 (September 1987): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2802539.
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Fajrina, Dian. "Character Metaphors in George Orwell’s Animal Farm." Studies in English Language and Education 3, no. 1 (March 13, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v3i1.3391.
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Animal Farm was written by George Orwell in 1944 to criticize the Soviet Union leaders and their administration represented by animal characters. The objective of this study was to find out the resemblances between the character of Soviet Union leaders at the time the novel was written and those depicted in the novel. In analysing the objective of this study, content analysis was used. The data are the dialogues and other information in the novel concerning the metaphors of characters between the Soviet Union leaders of the 20th century and those in Animal Farm. The writer finds out that Jones metaphors Nicholas II, the last Tsar of Russian Monarchy, Old Major with his speech metaphors Karl Marx with his Communist Manifesto, Napoleon as Stalin, Snowball as Trotsky, Squealer as Pravda, the Russian Newspaper at that time, Frederick as German and Boxer as the type of gullibility proletariat. Indeed, George Orwell’s timeless work reminds us that totalitarianism could be harmful to one society.
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Kelly, Arlene M. "Animal Myths and Metaphors in South America." Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-67.2.331.
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Lung, Ioana. "Jungle politics: Animal metaphors in international relations." European View 17, no. 2 (October 2018): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685818809330.
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Potter, James M. "The Creation of Person, the Creation of Place: Hunting Landscapes in The American Southwest." American Antiquity 69, no. 2 (April 2004): 322–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128423.
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Because people conceptualize the land on which they live metaphorically, it is suggested that metaphor theory is an important component of landscape theory. One kind of metaphorically charged landscape is the hunting landscape, a type of gendered landscape that embodies hunting and animal metaphors related to gender categories and provides a field on which to perform and establish maleness. Two archaeological examples of hunting landscapes in the American Southwest are explored to show how hunting and its associated landscapes facilitate the creation and substantiation of the male persona through metaphorical linkages between humans and animals, hunting and warfare, and game animals and women.
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Păstae, Oana-Maria. "The conceptual metaphor of joy." JOURNAL OF LINGUISTIC AND INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2019.12.1.10.
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The purpose of this paper is to study how ‘joy’, an emotional concept, is metaphorised in English from a cognitive perspective. It introduces the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, then briefly touches upon the definition of metaphor, the different types of conceptual metaphors and, finally, the conceptual metaphors of ‘joy’. We think in metaphors, which we learn very early. Our conceptual system, in terms of what we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature (Lakoff, & Johnson 2003: 8). Lakoff and Johnson’s book Metaphors we live by changed the way linguists thought about metaphor. Conceptual Metaphor Theory was one of the earliest theoretical frameworks identified as part of the cognitive semantics enterprise and provided much of the early theoretical impetus for the cognitive approach. The basic premise of Conceptual Metaphor Theory is that metaphor is not simply a stylistic feature of language, but that thought itself is fundamentally metaphorical in nature. The cognitive model of joy can be described using the example of Lakoff for anger: JOY IS A FLUID IN A CONTAINER: She was bursting with joy; JOY IS HEAT/FIRE: Fires of joy were kindled by the birth of her son; joy is a natural force: I was overwhelmed by joy; JOY IS A SOCIAL SUPERIOR: If I ruled the world by joy; JOY IS AN OPPONENT: She was seized by joy; joy is a captive animal: All joy broke loose as the kids opened their presents; JOY IS INSANITY: The crowd went crazy with joy; JOY IS A FORCE DISLOCATING THE SELF: He was beside himself with joy.
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Grubin, Il'ya Valentinovich, Elizaveta Igorevna Dmitrieva, Ol'ga Viktorovna Ishaeva, and Tamila Vladimirovna Petrenko. "Structural-semantic analysis of the English metaphors in road, aviation, and maritime terminology." Litera, no. 5 (May 2021): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.5.35671.
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The goal of this article consists in the analysis of metaphors pertaining to transport in the English language on the example of road, aviation, and maritime terminology. According to the authors, metaphor is the use of words and phrases in a figurative sense based on similarity or analogy. It is established that transport terminology contains a wide variety of terms that are formed with the use of metaphors. The subject of this research is metaphors in the scientific-technical text. The object is metaphors in transport terminology. The relevance of this article is substantiated by the fact that despite sufficient coverage of private terminological systems of specific types of transport, there are very few comprehensive and comparative works. In the course of research, the author determines a new statistical indicator – the index of metaphoricity of terminological system, as well as describes the key semantic and structural peculiarities of the terms-metaphors of different branches of transport. The analysis of language material allows determining that most of the terms formed with the use of metaphors are attributed to metaphors based on associations with the elements of human body and animal kingdom. From structural perspective, it is established that terminological combinations are widely represented among the terms-metaphors of all terminological systems that were subjected to analysis, while simple terms – in the terminological systems of road and aviation transport.
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Sobierajski, Bartłomiej Paweł. "Oracle of Doom or Oracle of Salvation? A New Interpretation of Animal Metaphors in Isa 31:4-5 in the Light of Rhetorical Analysis." Verbum Vitae 39, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 429–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vv.11581.
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This article seeks to clarify the meaning of animal metaphors contained in Isa 31:4-5. Difficulties in interpreting these metaphors are associated with the Hebrew syntax as well as the proper reading of the symbolism of the characters and animals found within these verses. These issues also raise the question of the message of the whole prophecy: is it an oracle of doom or of salvation? The article provides an overview of previous attempts to explicate the metaphors and proposes a new interpretation of them. It turns out that Isaiah consciously and intentionally uses some ambiguous images and formulas in order to make a specific impression on the addresser. Such literary devices are characteristic of his statements from the last period of his activity (705–701 BC). The new interpretation of animal metaphors presented in this study also results from the structure of the oracle, which has emerged through the use of Hebrew rhetoric methods
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Shahabi, Mitra, and Maria Teresa Roberto. "Metaphorical application and interpretation of animal terms." Languages in Contrast 15, no. 2 (November 6, 2015): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.15.2.06sha.
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The present research adopts a contrastive and descriptive approach aiming at discovering the reason for similarities and differences between the metaphorical meanings of animal terms between the two languages of English and Persian. For this purpose the most popular animal metaphors in both languages are compared and contrasted. The animals are mostly those with which we have close contact in our daily lives. It is believed that if we could learn how metaphors have originated across languages we could find some explanations for similarities and differences of the metaphorical meanings across languages and cultures. Contrasting the origins of metaphorical concepts is believed to be an appropriate framework for this goal. The results of this study reflect how English and Persian people conceptualize their surrounding world across cultures and how they lexicalize them. It is found that although the physical characteristics and behaviour of animals are the basis for the metaphorical applications or interpretations of animal terms, they are not the only determining factor. The other factors in metaphorical meanings of animal names are culture, language-specificity, and also those behavioural characteristics of animals which are attributed to culture (culturally salient features).
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Abuzahra, Nimer, and Rami Salahat. "Analyzing Iago's Speech in Shakespeare's Othello." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 2, no. 2 (April 29, 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v2i2.109.
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This paper aims to reveal and analyze Iago's speech in Shakespeare's Othello. Iago's use of animal metaphors in Othello is analyzed through Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Moreover, Iago's words in the play are connected to race, gender and identity and analyzed through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Finally, Iago's rhetorical discourse is analyzed through Rhetorical Theory to examine his use of rhetorical devices such as rhetorical questions. The findings of this study show that Iago's use of animal metaphors in the play is to dehumanize and degrade other characters. Further, Iago is able to alienate Othello because of his different identity and different color from the Venetian society. What's more, Iago has shown misogynistic attitudes toward women through the course of the play. In addition, Iago shows an exceptional ability in his rhetoric. He manipulates most of the characters in the play and was able to deceive all of them. It can be concluded, then, that Iago's use of animal metaphors is conceptualized and connected to his cognitive mind. Moreover, Iago's racist language in the play reflects the racist attitudes toward 'non-white' people in Shakespeare's time. Finally, Iago uses different rhetorical techniques such as rhetorical questions to manipulate other characters which shows how language can be exploited to achieve negative impact on others.
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Ana, Deby, I. Wy Dirgeyasa, and Morada Tetty. "METAPHORS OF WAK UTEH’S SONGS." LINGUISTICA 8, no. 3 (September 22, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jalu.v8i3.14635.
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This study dealt with metaphors of Wak Uteh’s Songs in Tanjungbalai. The objectives of the study were to investigate the types of metaphors and the cultural meaning of metaphors in wak uteh’s songs in Tanjungbalai. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. This data of this study was words, phrases, and utterances that contained metaphors in Wak Uteh’s Songs in Tanjungbalai. The source of data were lyrics of 10 songs of Wak Uteh’s songs. The data were selected by using random sampling system. For collecting data, this study used the method of documentary technique. The instrument of this study is documentary sheet. The findings showed that there were four types of Metaphors used in Wak Uteh’s Songs consecutively, Synaesthetic Metaphors (4%), Anthropomorphic (13%), Animal (20%), and Concrete to Abstract (63%). The cultural meanings of the metaphors found in the lyrics of Wak uteh’s songs were literary ones over all about the conditions of social life, economy, and culture from Tanjungbalai Malay life in coastal areas. For example in Anthropomorphic Metaphor is “ambil lah duet seringgit puntong, untuk mamboli kain pandukong (silaule, line 11) as the meaning in the cultural meaning is “Taking a piece of dollar for buying a sling”. So, in this lyric told about the parents ordered someone to take the enough money to buy a sling, Ringgit was a monetary unit that was used by Malay people in Tanjungbalai in long time. Keywords: Metaphors, Tanjungbalai, Wak Uteh’s Songs
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ahmed Essa Gami, Amal. "WAR, Containment and Animal Metaphors in Slave Narratives." مجلة کلية الأداب - جامعة السويس 15, no. 15 (April 1, 2019): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jfask.2019.164496.
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Stanley, B. Liahnna, Alaina C. Zanin, Brianna L. Avalos, Sarah J. Tracy, and Sophia Town. "Collective Emotion During Collective Trauma: A Metaphor Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 1890–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10497323211011589.
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This study provides insight into lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Participant metaphors of the pandemic were collected by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews ( N = 44). Participants were asked to compare the pandemic with an animal and with a color, and to provide contextual sensemaking about their metaphors. A metaphor analysis revealed four convergent mental models of participants’ pandemic experiences (i.e., uncertainty, danger, grotesque, and misery) as well as four primary emotions associated with those mental models (i.e., grief, disgust, anger, and fear). Through metaphor, participants were able to articulate deeply felt, implicit emotions about their pandemic experiences that were otherwise obscured and undiscussable. Theoretical and practical implications of these collective mental models and associated collective emotions related to the unprecedented collective trauma of the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
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Quintero Ramírez, Sara. "Metaphors of victory and defeat in sports headlines in English and Spanish." Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas 14, no. 1 (July 19, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2019.9564.
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<p>Metaphor is one of the most frequently used resources in the specialized language of sports (cf. Segrave, 2000; Herráez Pindado, 2004; Segura Soto, 2009; Medina Montero, 2015). The focus of this study is on how victory and defeat are expressed through metaphors in sports headlines. The data collection consists of 100 sports headlines in English and 100 in Spanish. Based on our findings, we argue that there is a diversity of metaphors that take advantage of mutual semantic fields to present victory and defeat in the two corpora, the semantic fields that were identified in the study are: a) war, b) laws, c) cleaning, d) royalty, e) life and death, f) space and g) pain. Finally, when a team’s nickname is an animal-related name, journalists map the properties of the animal onto the team (Silaški, 2009) to make the headline more attractive for the audience.</p>
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Gómez Ponce, Ariel. "Ecosemiotic aspects of zoomorphic metaphors: The human as a predator." Sign Systems Studies 44, no. 1/2 (July 5, 2016): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2016.44.1-2.13.
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Through history, predatory features are used to constructs when constructing textual representations on the human/animal frontier. The predatory act has remained a recurring motif that emerges from a metaphoric system in cultural imagination. An ecosemiotic approach to this topic allows us to understand how specific predatory behaviours constitute a source of meaning: in other words, how an alleged “animal tendency” is appropriated (translated) into various cultural texts through metaphors, creating a rhetorical order. To illustrate this, some features of metaphors of predatoriness in certain texts in Argentinian culture will be reviewed. A particularly vivid example is provided by two species, the cougar and the jaguar, that have generated cultural translations which expand and proliferate into contemporaneity. These translations constitute a form in which culture metaphorizes aggressiveness and interprets certain species from a historical and ideological perspective. The Argentinian cases suggest a revision of how history has treated the cultural other in terms of cultural and biological inferiority.
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Jama, Karolus Budiman, I. Wayan Ardika, I. Ketut Ardhana, I. Ketut Setiawan, and Sebastianus Menggo. "Metaphor Construction in Caci Performance of Manggarai Speech Community." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 11, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1103.10.
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The construction of metaphoric expressions has awesome power in organising flexible performance aesthetics. It provides new angles on values of cultural rituals, encourages interlocutors’ psychological functions in producing appropriate figurative languages, utilises awareness of all forms of linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge, and increases the awareness of a community’s values, belief systems, ideologies, and culture intertwined in speakers’ minds. The aims of this study were to analyse and disclose the metaphor constructions in caci performance. The study was conducted between February and October 2018 and involved 24 caci actors from six villages in the Manggarai region, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. Interviews, a set of stationery, field notes, and audio-visual recordings were used to collect data. These data were then analysed qualitatively through the phenomenological method. The findings revealed that caci performance is thick with metaphor usage, such as animal, plant, physical, and water metaphors, and these were used in three stages of caci performance. Two ideologies underline caci performance, namely pragmatism and indoctrism. Caci actors are advised to employ metaphoric expressions to help them think and act, to reflect on living in harmony, and to deliver cultural values to the younger generation appropriately.
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Weigle, Marta. "Animal Myths and Metaphors in South America. Gary Urton." Journal of Anthropological Research 42, no. 4 (December 1986): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.42.4.3630115.
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JACOPIN, PIERRE-YVES. "Animal Myths and Metaphors in South America . GARY URTON." American Ethnologist 14, no. 3 (August 1987): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1987.14.3.02a00270.
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Slabbert, M. "Animals and nature: mapping storylines and metaphors in David Kramer’s narratives." Literator 32, no. 1 (June 22, 2011): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v32i1.5.
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This article discusses the representation of animals and nature in selected lyrics from the oeuvre of singer, songwriter and producer David Kramer and considers his engagement with historical and contemporary discourses about human-animal and human-nature interaction in relation to ecological awareness within a South African context. I trace the socio-political commentary voiced through his depiction of animals in the folksongs he wrote during apartheid, especially in lyrics from the album “Baboondogs” (Kramer, 1986). Kramer also employs intertextual references to traditional South African folksongs and tales in his music. Furthermore, the social and environmental significance of Kramer’s representations of nature in a selection of his postapartheid lyrics is investigated. I argue that the pedagogical value of Kramer’s cultural commentary can contribute significantly to the challenge of teaching animal studies and ecocriticism in South African context.
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Bohát, Róbert. "Metaphors to Survive by: Mimicry as Biometaphors, Embodiment of Sign and Cognitive Tools (not only) in Animals?" Linguistic Frontiers 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lf-2021-0007.
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Abstract Can Cognitive Metaphor Theory (CMT) be applied productively to the study of mimicry in zoosemiotics and ethology? In this theoretical comparison of selected case studies, I would like to propose that biological mimicry is a type of biosemiotic metaphor. At least two major parallels between cognitive metaphors in human cognition and mimicry among animals justify viewing the two phenomena as isomorphic. First—from the semiotic point of view—the argument is that both metaphor and mimicry are cases of semiotic transfer (etymologically: metaphor) of the identity / sign of the source onto the perceived identity / sign of the target. This identity transfer, in turn, triggers appropriate changes in the response (behavior) of the surrounding (human or animal) interpreters (e.g. predators). Semiotically, the mimicry turns the body of its bearer into a sign of something else, resulting in the interpreters’ (e.g. predators’) perception of species X as species Y—hence, a type of embodied sign and cognitive metaphor. Second, ecologically, a species occupying one niche (e.g. a moth: non-venomous, herbivorous primary consumer) is perceived and identified as an occupant of a different niche (e.g. a hornet: venomous, omnivorous predator). Thus, a potential predator’s Umwelt is affected by its perceiving a hornet moth as “a hornet” where there is, in fact, a moth, and its response to this stimulus will not be predation but avoidance. In terms of CMT, we could call this a biosemiotic metaphor (bio-metaphor), e.g. “A MOTH IS A HORNET” or “PREY IS A PREDATOR”. Further correspondences between mimicry and metaphor include the fact that this bio-metaphorical identification by mimicry does not typically require a “perfect” resemblance between the source and the target sign (or species); this seems to correspond to the prototype categorization in CMT where categories are “open-ended” and only a partial similarity is sufficient for metaphorical identification (compare Lakoff, Johnson 1980; Rosch 1983). Such an identification of mimicry as metaphor could be based on Prodi’s argument that “hermeneutics is not a late product of culture, but the same elementary movement of life that is born because something obscurely interprets something else” (Eco 2018: 350; Kull 2018, 352—364). Inasmuch as animal Umwelten are interconnected inter alia by this natural hermeneutics, the trans-disciplinary approach to the study eco-zoosemiotic interpretants on the basis of metaphor-mimicry isomorphism could open new opportunities in comparative studies of semiosis in human and animal cognition and interactions.
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Lei, Chunyi, and Pamies Antonio. "A comparative study of idioms on drunkenness in Chinese and Spanish." Yearbook of Phraseology 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2019-0006.
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Abstract This study, based on the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Conventional Figurative Language Theory, presents a cross-linguistic comparison of the idioms on drunkenness in Chinese and Spanish, applying the analytical method with three hierarchical levels (iconic models > archi-metaphors > particular metaphors). The findings show that, on the one hand, though linguistically and culturally very distant, these two languages share some iconic models (i.e. animal, movement, body part, plant and aggression) in their idioms on inebriation; on the other hand, they also have their own ways in expressing drunkenness, due to their particular cultural backgrounds, i.e. religions, superstitions, history, ethnic prejudices, legends, etc. The present investigation also proves the universality of the cognitive thinking model of human beings as well as the cognitive specialization in different cultures, giving an insight into idiom comprehension and intercultural communication.
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Jelfs, Helen. "How We Learn Together: Young Children (and Their Mums) Using Animal Metaphors and Imagery to Understand and Manage Learning." LEARNing Landscapes 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v7i1.638.
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In this paper I discuss the "Language for Learning" project which used animal metaphors and imagery in an early childhood education setting as a way of enabling children to understand and manage their own learning. The concept of "learning power" was communicated through metaphor and the use of image, movement, and music, which in turn led to the development of a rich and local language for learning. An unexpected outcome of this project was its capacity to generate positive learning experiences for young children and their parents, and to generate personal and social transformation within the wider community.