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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal Microbiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Hird, D. W. "Microbiology of animals and animal products." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 12, no. 3-4 (March 1992): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(92)90059-o.

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2

Provost, A. "Microbiology of animals and animal products." Veterinary Microbiology 32, no. 1 (July 1992): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(92)90013-j.

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3

Murphy, Erin. "Microbiology of Animal Bites." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 30, no. 7 (April 2008): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2008.03.001.

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4

Lawson, G. H. K. "Microbiology of animals and animal products. World of animal science series A, volume 6." British Veterinary Journal 148, no. 1 (January 1992): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(92)90074-b.

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5

Abrahamian, F. M., and E. J. C. Goldstein. "Microbiology of Animal Bite Wound Infections." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00041-10.

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6

Thomas, Nicole, and Itzhak Brook. "Animal bite-associated infections: microbiology and treatment." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 9, no. 2 (February 2011): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eri.10.162.

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7

Maeda, Koki, Dai Hanajima, Sakae Toyoda, Naohiro Yoshida, Riki Morioka, and Takashi Osada. "Microbiology of nitrogen cycle in animal manure compost." Microbial Biotechnology 4, no. 6 (January 6, 2011): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00236.x.

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8

Flachowsky, Gerhard. "Rumen Microbiology." Animal Feed Science and Technology 113, no. 1-4 (March 2004): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.09.002.

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9

Denman, Stuart E., and Christopher S. McSweeney. "The Early Impact of Genomics and Metagenomics on Ruminal Microbiology." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 3, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110705.

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10

Gopi, M., R. Dhinesh Kumar, G. Prabakar, V. Beulah Pearlin, M. Shanmathy, and M. R. Purushotha. "Feed Microbiology: A Forsaken Piece in Animal Nutrition Puzzle." Asian Journal of Animal Sciences 11, no. 3 (April 15, 2017): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajas.2017.108.114.

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11

BROOK, ITZHAK. "Microbiology of human and animal bite wounds in children." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1987): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198701000-00008.

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12

Cavalcanti, Giselle S., Amanda T. Alker, Nathalie Delherbe, Kyle E. Malter, and Nicholas J. Shikuma. "The Influence of Bacteria on Animal Metamorphosis." Annual Review of Microbiology 74, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-011320-012753.

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The swimming larvae of many marine animals identify a location on the seafloor to settle and undergo metamorphosis based on the presence of specific surface-bound bacteria. While bacteria-stimulated metamorphosis underpins processes such as the fouling of ship hulls, animal development in aquaculture, and the recruitment of new animals to coral reef ecosystems, little is known about the mechanisms governing this microbe-animal interaction. Here we review what is known and what we hope to learn about how bacteria and the factors they produce stimulate animal metamorphosis. With a few emerging model systems, including the tubeworm Hydroides elegans, corals, and the hydrozoan Hydractinia, we have begun to identify bacterial cues that stimulate animal metamorphosis and test hypotheses addressing their mechanisms of action. By understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria promote animal metamorphosis, we begin to illustrate how, and explore why, the developmental decision of metamorphosis relies on cues from environmental bacteria.
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13

Brook, Itzhak. "Microbiology and management of human and animal bite wound infections." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 30, no. 1 (March 2003): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(02)00056-8.

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14

Volk, H. W., J. Schneider, J. Dämmrich, W. Döll, M. Hörl, and H. P. Bruch. "Animal Model for Chronic-Abscess-Forming Peritonitis: Histology and Microbiology." European Surgical Research 22, no. 6 (1990): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000129121.

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15

Poppe, C., M. Ayroud, G. Ollis, M. Chirino-Trejo, N. Smart, S. Quessy, and P. Michel. "Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance ofSalmonellaIsolated from Animals, Foods of Animal Origin, and the Environment of Animal Production in Canada, 1994-1997." Microbial Drug Resistance 7, no. 2 (June 2001): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/10766290152045084.

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16

Finlay, B. J., and B. Austin. "Marine Microbiology." Journal of Animal Ecology 58, no. 2 (June 1989): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4859.

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17

Pimentel, David. "Insecticide microbiology." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 16, no. 2 (June 1986): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(86)90102-7.

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18

Pardos de la Gandara, Maria, Leslie Diaz, Chad W. Euler, Marilyn Chung, Alejandra Gonzalez, Christopher Cheleuitte, Winrich Freiwald, Alexander Tomasz, Vincent A. Fischetti, and Hermínia de Lencastre. "Staphylococcus aureusInfecting and Colonizing Experimental Animals, Macaques, in a Research Animal Facility." Microbial Drug Resistance 25, no. 1 (January 2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2018.0232.

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19

Doran, John W., E. A. Paul, and F. E. Clark. "Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry." Journal of Range Management 51, no. 2 (March 1998): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003217.

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20

Borsa, Pasquale, and Restrepo. "Animal Models of Pneumococcal pneumonia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (August 28, 2019): 4220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174220.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common bacterial pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in children and the elderly. Another important aspect related to pneumococcal infections is the persistent rate of penicillin and macrolide resistance. Therefore, animal models have been developed to better understand the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease and test new therapeutic agents and vaccines. This narrative review will focus on the characteristics of the different animal pneumococcal pneumonia models. The assessment of the different animal models will include considerations regarding pneumococcal strains, microbiology properties, procedures used for bacterial inoculation, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive approaches.
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21

Onderdonk, Andrew B. "Pharmacodynamics and microbiology of trovafloxacin in animal models of surgical infection." American Journal of Surgery 176, no. 6 (December 1998): 39S—45S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9610(98)00219-0.

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22

Middleton, D. M. "Book Review: Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Disease." Veterinary Pathology 43, no. 3 (May 2006): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.43-3-398.

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23

Uzal, F. A. "Book Review: Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Disease." Veterinary Pathology 45, no. 3 (May 2008): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.45-3-431-a.

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24

Chaucheyras-Durand, F., and H. Durand. "Probiotics in animal nutrition and health." Beneficial Microbes 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2008.1002.

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The use of probiotics for farm animals has increased considerably over the last 15 years. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which can confer a health benefit for the host when administered in appropriate and regular quantities. Once ingested, the probiotic microorganisms can modulate the balance and activities of the gastrointestinal microbiota, whose role is fundamental to gut homeostasis. It has been demonstrated that numerous factors, such as dietary and management constraints, can strongly affect the structure and activities of the gut microbial communities, leading to impaired health and performance in livestock animals. In this review, the most important benefits of yeast and bacterial probiotics upon the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem in ruminants and monogastric animals (equines, pigs, poultry, fish) reported in the recent scientific literature are described, as well as their implications in terms of animal nutrition and health. Additional knowledge on the possible mechanisms of action is also provided.
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25

Fang, Guodong, Valter Araujo, and Richard L. Guerrant. "Enteric Infections Associated with Exposure to Animals or Animal Products." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 5, no. 3 (September 1991): 681–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(20)30414-1.

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26

Janezic, Sandra, Valerija Zidaric, Bart Pardon, Alexander Indra, Branko Kokotovic, Jose Blanco, Christian Seyboldt, et al. "International Clostridium difficile animal strain collection and large diversity of animal associated strains." BMC Microbiology 14, no. 1 (2014): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-173.

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27

Gyawali, N., R. Amatya, S. Shrestha, A. Kumar, S. Agrawal, and B. Khanal. "A case of sporotrichosis in patient visiting microbiology laboratory in BPKIHS." Sunsari Technical College Journal 1, no. 1 (September 17, 2013): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v1i1.8661.

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Sporothrix schenckii is a fungus known to cause infection of skin in the subcutaneous tissues. It is a dimorphic fungus found as hyphae with conidia (2 to 3ìm in diameter) at 25°C, and in cigar-shaped yeast form (4 to 6ìm in diameter) in animal tissues at 37°C. It is ubiquitous in nature and often found in rotting wood, dead plant materials, surface water, and occasionally, swimming pools. Human and animals almost always become infected through a cutaneous lesion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v1i1.8661 Sunsari Technical College Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 55-56
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28

Myles, E. M., M. E. O’Leary, I. D. Romkey, A. Piano, V. de Carvalho, T. A. Tompkins, and T. S. Perrot. "Guidelines for best practice in placebo-controlled experimental studies on probiotics in rodent animal models." Beneficial Microbes 11, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2019.0144.

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In the absence of established best practice standards in the probiotic field for reducing the risk of bacterial transfer between experimental groups, we developed protocols and methods to ensure the highest quality and interpretability of results from animal studies, even when performed in non-conventional animal care facilities. We describe easily implementable methods for reducing cross-contamination during animal housing, behavioural testing, and euthanasia, along with highlighting protocols for contamination detection in experimental subjects and laboratory areas using qPCR. In light of the high cross-contamination risks between animals during experiments involving probiotics, constant vigilance in animal care and research protocols is critical to ensure valid and reliable research findings.
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29

Stojanovic, Lazar, Vera Katic, and Olivera Buncic. "Role of veterinarian in securing sanitary hygiene of food of animal origin." Veterinarski glasnik 59, no. 1-2 (2005): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0502005s.

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The consumer demands that to be provided with a sufficient quantity of articles of animal origin that meet the requirements of sanitary hygiene and are available at acceptable prices. Food articles of animal origin that are safe for human consumption can be obtained only from healthy animals. Veterinarians are daily concerned with the health of animals and are taking measures to prevent the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms from animals to humans. The knowledge of epizootiology, microbiology, the sources and pathways of contamination of food articles of animal origin by microbiological and chemical pollutants, the procedures in the process of producing food articles in which such pollutants can be eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level, and the connection between these factors and human health, give veterinarians the key position in the securing of sanitary hygiene of articles of animal origin. The safety of articles of animal origin is a specialized field in the area of veterinary medicine that links all the activities of a veterinarian. In partnership with other professions, engaged in the chain of food production, veterinarians guarantee that food articles are safe for the health of consumers.
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30

Li, Lianrui. "Exploration and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in College Curriculum in Veterinary Microbiology Teaching." Lifelong Education 9, no. 6 (September 28, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/le.v9i6.1317.

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Veterinary microbiology is a very important course in the specialty of animal medicine. If curriculum ideology and politics are applied to the teaching of veterinary microbiology, the teaching effect of veterinary microbiology can be effectively improved. This aper mainly discusses the important role of ideological and political education in the teaching of veterinary microbiology and how to fully explore the value of ideological and political education in the teaching of veterinary microbiology.
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31

O’Boyle, C. J., J. MacFie, C. J. Mitchell, D. Johnstone, P. M. Sagar, and P. C. Sedman. "Microbiology of bacterial translocation in humans." Gut 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.42.1.29.

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Background—Gut translocation of bacteria has been shown in both animal and human studies. Evidence from animal studies that links bacterial translocation to the development of postoperative sepsis and multiple organ failure has yet to be confirmed in humans.Aims—To examine the spectrum of bacteria involved in translocation in surgical patients undergoing laparotomy and to determine the relation between nodal migration of bacteria and the development of postoperative septic complications.Methods—Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), serosal scrapings, and peripheral blood from 448 surgical patients undergoing laparotomy were analysed using standard microbiological techniques.Results—Bacterial translocation was identified in 69 patients (15.4%). The most common organism identified wasEscherichia coli (54%). Both enteric bacteria, typical of indigenous intestinal flora, and non-enteric bacteria were isolated. Postoperative septic complications developed in 104 patients (23%). Enteric organisms were responsible in 74% of patients. Forty one per cent of patients who had evidence of bacterial translocation developed sepsis compared with 14% in whom no organisms were cultured (p<0.001). Septic morbidity was more frequent when a greater diversity of bacteria resided within the MLN, but this was not statistically significant.Conclusion—Bacterial translocation is associated with a significant increase in the development of postoperative sepsis in surgical patients. The organisms responsible for septic morbidity are similar in spectrum to those observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These data strongly support the gut origin hypothesis of sepsis in humans.
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32

Zhao, Tong, Michael P. Doyle, Barry G. Harmon, Cathy A. Brown, P. O. Eric Mueller, and Andrew H. Parks. "Reduction of Carriage of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cattle by Inoculation with Probiotic Bacteria." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 3 (1998): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.3.641-647.1998.

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Bacteria inhibitory to Escherichia coli O157:H7 were isolated from cattle and evaluated for their potential for reducing carriage of E. coli O157:H7 in calves. Eighteen of 1,200 bacterial isolates from cattle feces and intestinal tissue samples were screened and determined to inhibit the growth of E. coliO157:H7 in vitro. Seventeen of the isolates were E. coli and one was Proteus mirabilis. None produced Shiga toxin. Genomic DNA fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed 13 distinguishable profiles among the 18 isolates. Two calves inoculated perorally with a mixture of all 18 isolates (1010 CFU) appeared to be normal and did not develop signs of clinical disease throughout a 25- to 27-day observation period. These bacteria colonized segments of the gastrointestinal tract and were in feces at the termination of the experiment (25 and 27 days postinoculation) at levels of 50 to 200 CFU/g. Fifteen cannulated calves were studied to determine the efficiency of the probiotic bacteria in reducing or eliminating the carriage of E. coli O157:H7. Nine calves served as controls, with each animal receiving perorally 1010 CFU ofE. coli O157:H7. E. coliO157:H7 was detected intermittently in the rumen samples from all control animals throughout 3 weeks postinoculation, whereasE. coli O157:H7 was shed at various levels in feces continuously throughout the experiment (mean, 28 days).E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from the rumens and colons of eight of nine and nine of nine calves, respectively, at the termination of the study. Six calves each received perorally 1010 CFU of probiotic bacteria and then 2 days later received 1010 CFU of E. coli O157:H7.E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the rumen for only 9 days postinoculation in two animals, for 16 days in one animal, for 17 days in two animals, and for 29 days in one animal. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in feces for only 11 days postinoculation in one animal, for 15 days in one animal, for 17 days in one animal, for 18 days in one animal, for 19 days in one animal, and for 29 days in one animal. At the end of the experiment (mean, 30 days), E. coli O157:H7 was not recovered from the rumen of any of the six animals treated with probiotic bacteria; however, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from the feces of one of the animals. This animal was fasted twice postinoculation. These studies indicate that selected probiotic bacteria administered to cattle prior to exposure to E. coli O157:H7 can reduce the level of carriage ofE. coli O157:H7 in most animals.
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33

Staczek, J. "Animal cytomegaloviruses." Microbiological Reviews 54, no. 3 (1990): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.54.3.247-265.1990.

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34

Staczek, J. "Animal cytomegaloviruses." Microbiological Reviews 54, no. 3 (1990): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mr.54.3.247-265.1990.

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35

Domachowske, Joseph B. "Animal bites." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 16, no. 19 (October 1994): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-4399(94)90023-x.

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36

Pirš, Tina, Jana Avberšek, Irena Zdovc, Brane Krt, Alenka Andlovic, Tatjana Lejko-Zupanc, Maja Rupnik, and Matjaž Ocepek. "Antimicrobial susceptibility of animal and human isolates of Clostridium difficile by broth microdilution." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 1478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.058875-0.

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A total of 188 human (n = 92) and animal (n = 96) isolates of Clostridium difficile of different PCR ribotypes were screened for susceptibility to 30 antimicrobials using broth microdilution. When comparing the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, the isolates of animal origin were significantly more often resistant to oxacillin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (P<0.01). The most significant difference between the animal and human populations (P = 0.0006) was found in the level of imipenem resistance, with a prevalence of 53.3 % in isolates of human origin and 28.1 % in isolates of animal origin. Overall, the results show similar MICs for the majority of tested antimicrobials for isolates from human and animal sources, which were collected from the same geographical region and in the same time interval. This supports the hypothesis that C. difficile could be transmissible between human and animal hosts. Resistant isolates have been found in all animal species tested, including food and companion animals, and also among non-toxigenic isolates. The isolates of the most prevalent PCR ribotype 014/020 had low resistance rates for moxifloxacin, erythromycin, rifampicin and daptomycin, but a high resistance rate for imipenem. Multiresistant strains were found in animals and humans, belonging to PCR ribotypes 012, 017, 027, 045, 046, 078 and 150, and also to non-toxigenic strains of PCR ribotypes 010 and SLO 080.
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37

Slifkin, M., and R. J. Doyle. "Lectins and their application to clinical microbiology." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 3, no. 3 (July 1990): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.3.3.197.

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Lectins are generally associated with plant or animal components, selectively bind carbohydrates, and interact with procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. Lectins have various specificities that are associated with their ability to interact with acetylaminocarbohydrates, aminocarbohydrates, sialic acids, hexoses, pentoses, and as other carbohydrates. Microbial surfaces generally contain many of the sugar residues that react with lectins. Lectins are presently used in the clinical laboratory to type blood cells and are used in a wide spectrum of applications, including, in part, as carriers of chemotherapeutic agents, as mitogens, for fractionation of animal cells, and for investigations of cellular surfaces. Numerous studies have shown that lectins can be used to identify rapidly certain microorganisms isolated from a clinical specimen or directly in a clinical specimen. Lectins have been demonstrated to be important diagnostic reagents in the major realms of clinical microbiology. Thus, they have been applied in bacteriology, mycology, mycobacteriology, and virology for the identification and/or differentiation of various microorganisms. Lectins have been used successfully as epidemiologic as well as taxonomic markers of specific microorganisms. Lectins provide the clinical microbiologist with cost-effective and potential diagnostic reagents. This review describes the applications of lectins in clinical microbiology.
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38

Jindrák, L., and L. Grubhoffer. "Animal virus receptors." Folia Microbiologica 44, no. 5 (October 1999): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02816247.

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39

Gupta, U. D., and V. M. Katoch. "Animal models of tuberculosis." Tuberculosis 85, no. 5-6 (September 2005): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2005.08.008.

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40

Smith, Ian. "Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease." Veterinary Journal 165, no. 3 (May 2003): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00137-5.

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41

BILGILI, Ali, and Başak HANEDAN. "IMPORTANCE OF ASCARIDIOSIS CONCERNING HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH, PRESENT CONDITION AND SOLUTION PROPOSALS IN TURKEY AND THE WORLD." ICONTECH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 5, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/icontechvol5iss1pp5-15.

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Toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic infection, affecting millions of people and animals, commonly occurred, in the world. According to the seroprevalence studies, it is seen that exposure to this parasite is highly common in children living in temperate zones in the world. The geographic distribution of Toxocara canis is continuously expanded as a result of human and animal movements with global warming. Uncontrolled increase of human and animal populations in urban areas raises the importance of toxocariasis. Owned and unowned cats and dogs not administered treatment and wild animals create infection source for humans and other paratenic hosts by causing environmental contamination with eggs. Paratenic hosts like rodents, birds, and invertebrate animals play an important role in the spreading of the ascarid eggs. Infection in humans occurs in the result of consumption of larvae in the tissues of paratenic hosts (chicken, rabbit, pig and ruminants), drinking of dirty water, and close contact with contaminated soil and pet animals. Depending on these conditions stated, in the context of this review, concise knowledge was presented about the prevalence data in humans and animals of ascaridiosis in Turkey and the world, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures.
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42

Ho, Pak-Leung, River C. Wong, Stephanie W. Lo, Kin-Hung Chow, Samson S. Wong, and Tak-Lun Que. "Genetic identity of aminoglycoside-resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from human and animal sources." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.015032-0.

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A bacterial collection (n=249) obtained in Hong Kong from 2002 to 2004 was used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of aminoglycoside resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from humans and food-producing animals. Of these, 89 isolates were gentamicin-sensitive (human n=60, animal n=29) and 160 isolates were gentamicin-resistant (human n=107, animal n=53). Overall, 84.1 % (90/107) and 75.5 % (40/53) of the gentamicin-resistant isolates from human and animal sources, respectively, were found to possess the aacC2 gene. The aacC2 gene for 20 isolates (10 each for human and animal isolates) was sequenced. Two alleles were found that were equally distributed in human and animal isolates. PFGE showed that the gentamicin-resistant isolates exhibited diverse patterns with little clonality. In some isolates, the aacC2 gene was encoded on large transferable plasmids of multiple incompatibility groups (IncF, IncI1 and IncN). An IncFII plasmid of 140 kb in size was shared by one human and three animal isolates. In summary, this study showed that human and animal isolates share the same pool of resistance genes.
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Fink, Mitchell P. "Animal models of sepsis." Virulence 5, no. 1 (August 19, 2013): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/viru.26083.

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44

Cameron, A., and T. A. McAllister. "Could probiotics be the panacea alternative to the use of antimicrobials in livestock diets?" Beneficial Microbes 10, no. 7 (October 14, 2019): 773–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2019.0059.

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Probiotics are most frequently derived from the natural microbiota of healthy animals. These bacteria and their metabolic products are viewed as nutritional tools for promoting animal health and productivity, disease prevention and therapy, and food safety in an era defined by increasingly widespread antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens. In contemporary livestock production, antimicrobial usage is indispensable for animal welfare, and employed to enhance growth and feed efficiency. Given the importance of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine, their effective replacement with direct-fed microbials or probiotics could help reduce antimicrobial use, perhaps restoring or extending the usefulness of these precious drugs against serious infections. Thus, probiotic research in livestock is rapidly evolving, aspiring to produce local and systemic health benefits on par with antimicrobials. Although many studies have clearly demonstrated the potential of probiotics to positively affect animal health and inhibit pathogens, experimental evidence suggests that probiotics’ successes are modest, conditional, strain-dependent, and transient. Here, we explore current understanding, trends, and emerging applications of probiotic research and usage in major livestock species, and highlight successes in animal health and performance.
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McGEE, P., L. SCOTT, J. J. SHERIDAN, B. EARLEY, and N. LEONARD. "Horizontal Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during Cattle Housing." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 2651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.12.2651.

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Ruminant livestock, particularly cattle, is considered the primary reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7. This study examines the transmission of E. coli O157:H7 within groups of cattle during winter housing. Holstein Friesian steers were grouped in six pens of five animals. An animal inoculated with and proven to be shedding a marked strain of E. coli O157: H7 was introduced into each pen. Fecal (rectal swabs) and hide samples (900 cm2 from the right rump) were taken from the 36 animals throughout the study. Water, feed, and gate or partition samples from each pen were also examined. Within 24 h of introducing the inoculated animals into the pens, samples collected from the drinking water, pen barriers, and animal hides were positive for the pathogen. Within 48 h, the hides of 20 (66%) of 30 cohort animals from the six pens were contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. The first positive fecal samples from the noninoculated cohort animals were detected 3 days after the introduction of the inoculated steers. During the 23 days of the study, 15 of 30 cohort animals shed the marked E. coli O157: H7 strain in their feces on at least one occasion. Animal behavior in the pens was monitored during a 12-h period using closed circuit television cameras. The camera footage showed an average of 13 instances of animal grooming in each pen per hour. The study suggests that transmission of E. coli O157:H7 between animals may occur following ingestion of the pathogen at low levels and that animal hide may be an important source of transmission.
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STELMA, GERARD N., and LELAND J. MCCABE. "Nonpoint Pollution From Animal Sources and Shellfish Sanitation." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.8.649.

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Many of the microorganisms pathogenic to both animals and man are transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Most of these pathogens could conceivably be transmitted through a shellfish vector. Bacteria potentially transmitted from animal to man via shellfish include most of the salmonellae, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes. The protozoa most likely to be transmitted this way are Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. Because the enteric viruses are highly species-specific, they are not likely to be transmitted from animals to humans. There are environmental data showing that bacterial pathogens shed by both domestic and wild animals have been isolated from shellfish. However, there is little epidemiological evidence that illness outbreaks have been caused by shellfish harvested from waters polluted by animals. Unfortunately, epidemiological observations are of limited value because most illnesses are probably not recorded. In addition, more than half of the recorded outbreaks are of unknown etiology, and more than half of the shellfish implicated in illness outbreaks cannot be traced to their points of origin. More lenient bacteriological standards should not be established for waters affected only by animal pollution until health effects studies have been performed, and an indicator that differentiates between human and nonhuman fecal pollution is available. Most of the pollution that originates from domestic animals could be eliminated by simple and inexpensive measures.
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Itabashi, Hisao. "Recent Topics in Rumen Microbiology with Particular Reference to Animal Production in Japan." Microbes and Environments 19, no. 4 (2004): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.19.270.

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Karlowsky, James A., Judith Steenbergen, and George G. Zhanel. "Microbiology and Preclinical Review of Omadacycline." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_1 (August 1, 2019): S6—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz395.

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AbstractOmadacycline is a novel aminomethylcycline antimicrobial and semisynthetic derivative of tetracycline. In vitro, omadacycline displays potent activity against gram-positive and many gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, β-hemolytic streptococci, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Omadacycline is also active against atypical and anaerobic pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma spp., Ureaplasma spp., Bacteroides spp., and Clostridioides difficile. This review outlines the microbiology and preclinical studies of omadacycline, including its mechanism of action; spectrum of activity; protein binding; activity in the presence of surfactant, serum, normal, and pH-adjusted urine, or bacterial biofilms; postantibiotic effect; pharmacodynamic properties; and in vitro and in vivo efficacy. The results of in vitro and in vivo animal studies support the observations made in phase III clinical trials and the clinical development of omadacycline.
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Montenegro, Omar, Soledad Illescas, José Carlos González, David Padilla, Pedro Villarejo, Victor Baladrón, Rocio Galán, et al. "Development of animal experimental model for bacterial peritonitis." Revista Española de Quimioterapia 33, no. 01 (January 23, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37201/req/064.2019.

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Nakamura, Yuka. "Animal Mycosis in Japan." Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi 44, no. 4 (2003): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3314/jjmm.44.235.

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