Journal articles: 'Animal migration'

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Hibbit, Cate. "Animal Migration." American Biology Teacher 78, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2016.78.3.268.

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Couzin, Iain D. "Collective animal migration." Current Biology 28, no. 17 (September 2018): R976—R980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.044.

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Kölzsch, Andrea, Erik Kleyheeg, Helmut Kruckenberg, Michael Kaatz, and Bernd Blasius. "A periodic Markov model to formalize animal migration on a network." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (June 2018): 180438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180438.

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Regular, long-distance migrations of thousands of animal species have consequences for the ecosystems that they visit, modifying trophic interactions and transporting many non-pathogenic and pathogenic organisms. The spatial structure and dynamic properties of animal migrations and population flyways largely determine those trophic and transport effects, but are yet poorly studied. As a basis, we propose a periodic Markov model on the spatial migration network of breeding, stopover and wintering sites to formally describe the process of animal migration on the population level. From seasonally changing transition rates we derived stable, seasonal densities of animals at the network nodes. We parametrized the model with high-quality GPS and satellite telemetry tracks of white storks ( Ciconia ciconia ) and greater white-fronted geese ( Anser a. albifrons ). Topological and network flow properties of the two derived networks conform to migration properties like seasonally changing connectivity and shared, directed movement. Thus, the model realistically describes the migration movement of complete populations and can become an important tool to study the effects of climate and habitat change and pathogen spread on migratory animals. Furthermore, the property of periodically changing transition rates makes it a new type of complex model and we need to understand its dynamic properties.

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Bauer, S., and B. J. Hoye. "Migratory Animals Couple Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Worldwide." Science 344, no. 6179 (April 3, 2014): 1242552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1242552.

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Animal migrations span the globe, involving immense numbers of individuals from a wide range of taxa. Migrants transport nutrients, energy, and other organisms as they forage and are preyed upon throughout their journeys. These highly predictable, pulsed movements across large spatial scales render migration a potentially powerful yet underappreciated dimension of biodiversity that is intimately embedded within resident communities. We review examples from across the animal kingdom to distill fundamental processes by which migratory animals influence communities and ecosystems, demonstrating that they can uniquely alter energy flow, food-web topology and stability, trophic cascades, and the structure of metacommunities. Given the potential for migration to alter ecological networks worldwide, we suggest an integrative framework through which community dynamics and ecosystem functioning may explicitly consider animal migrations.

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Li, Xiangtao, Jie Zhang, and Minghao Yin. "Animal migration optimization: an optimization algorithm inspired by animal migration behavior." Neural Computing and Applications 24, no. 7-8 (June 15, 2013): 1867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-013-1433-8.

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Hobson, Keith A. "Tracking animal migration with stable isotopes." Open Access Government 38, no. 1 (April 12, 2023): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-038-10757.

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Tracking animal migration with stable isotopes Keith A. Hobson from Western University and Environment and Climate Change Canada, walks us through tracking animal migration with stable isotopes, starting with some background information. Animal migration is one of the most iconic of all natural phenomena and humans have marvelled at animals' ability to navigate over vast distances often under arduous conditions. Periodic to-and-fro migration is the most familiar form, and birds have clearly captured our imagination on that front with their conspicuous annual movements and arrivals between continents. However, how animals successfully move in this way is still not fully appreciated, and a full understanding will ultimately involve expertise from diverse disciplines.

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Alerstam, Thomas, and Johan Bäckman. "Ecology of animal migration." Current Biology 28, no. 17 (September 2018): R968—R972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.043.

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DINGLE, HUGH. "Evolutionary Genetics of Animal Migration." American Zoologist 31, no. 1 (February 1991): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/31.1.253.

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Cao, Yi, Xiangtao Li, and Jianan Wang. "Opposition-Based Animal Migration Optimization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/308250.

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AMO is a simple and efficient optimization algorithm which is inspired by animal migration behavior. However, as most optimization algorithms, it suffers from premature convergence and often falls into local optima. This paper presents an opposition-based AMO algorithm. It employs opposition-based learning for population initialization and evolution to enlarge the search space, accelerate convergence rate, and improve search ability. A set of well-known benchmark functions is employed for experimental verification, and the results show clearly that opposition-based learning can improve the performance of AMO.

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Lennox, Robert J., Jacqueline M. Chapman, Christopher M. Souliere, Christian Tudorache, Martin Wikelski, Julian D. Metcalfe, and Steven J. Cooke. "Conservation physiology of animal migration." Conservation Physiology 4, no. 1 (2016): cov072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov072.

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Brown, K. "MAGNETORECEPTION: Animal Magnetism Guides Migration." Science 294, no. 5541 (October 12, 2001): 283a—284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5541.283a.

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Lohmann, Kenneth J. "Animal migration research takes wing." Current Biology 28, no. 17 (September 2018): R952—R955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.016.

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Peker, Gurbet. "Djuren i den rurala livsstilsmigrationen." Budkavlen 99 (November 10, 2020): 90–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.37447/bk.99535.

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Animals and Rural Lifestyle Migration Gurbet Peker Keywords: Lifestyle migration, rural idyll, animal husbandry, interspecies relationships This article examines the role of animals and animal husbandry in rural lifestyle migration to the Gotlandic countryside. One area of interest is the significance of animals and animal husbandry as part of migrants’ notions of the rural idyll and the place they seek. The article also describes and analyses animal-related everyday practices and interspecies relationships that are developed between migrants and animals. The empirical material has been collected using ethnographic methods based on observations and qualitative interviews. The researcher also emerged herself in aspects of the rural lifestyle migration being studied. The informants have all left the city of Stockholm in favour of life in the Gotlandic countryside, where they devote themselves to small-scale animal husbandry and keep sheep, horses, chickens and other animals. The theoretical foundation is that humans and other animals are in a state of constant becoming-with and, thus, create each other’s lifeworlds. The focus is on analysing everyday practices and how interspecies relationships shape the migrants and their lifestyles. At the same time, the researcher also looks at the way in which discourses affect the migrants’ rural lifestyle migration, both as cultural preconceptions and everyday practices. The results show that animals and animal husbandry play a central role in the rural idyll and the place that migrants seek. The interspecies relationships are also important for the informants’ socialisation and establishment processes in the Gotlandic countryside. The migrants find their relationships with the animals meaningful and crucial for the established lifestyle. These close everyday relationships lead the informants to renegotiate aspects of their view of animals as well as their view of eating meat. This lifestyle with animals also involves emotional challenges related to slaughter, an aspect of animal husbandry that the migrants find stressful. The interspecies relationships documented in the material are consistently characterised by ambivalence and constant renegotiations. In summary, the article shows that the animals and the animal-related practices are crucial for the lifestyle to which the migrants aspire, the everyday life they establish, as well as for the migration project as a whole.

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Corkeron, Peter, and Miranda Brown. "Pod Characteristics of Migrating Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae) Off the East Australian Coast." Behaviour 132, no. 3-4 (1995): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853995x00676.

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AbstractThe size and sex composition of migrating humpback whale pods were investigated off the east Australian coast. Two hundred and thirty one singletons, 257 pairs, 63 trios, 7 quads and 4 pods containing more than 5 individuals were observed during two land-based surveys carried out throughout the northward migration in 1991 and 1993. Generally humpback whales migrated northward towards the breeding area in pods of I or 2 individuals. In 1992, a biopsy study was carried out throughout the northward and southward migrations. Pods migrating southward (mean = 2.59, SE = 0.19) towards the feeding areas were significantly larger than those travelling north (mean = 1.75, SE = 0.03). The sex of 134 individuals in 63 complete pods was determined by molecular analysis of skin biopsies. Male humpback whales were found in larger pods than females. The most common pod type observed was the male-female pair, which is suggestive of either mating on migration and/or mate-guarding. Males were found associated together frequently. Competitive behaviour was observed during both the northward and southward migrations. The sexing of all individuals within 8 competitive pods indicated that not all contained a female. Although competitive behaviour was observed during the migration, most male-male associations were charactcrised by non-agonistic and occasionally cooperative interactions. We suggest there is a behavioural continuum on migration between the feeding and breeding grounds which is not governed solely by spatial proximity to the terminus. The pod characteristics of humpback whales on their return migration to the feeding grounds showed greatest similarity to those observed on breeding grounds elsewhere. In conclusion, our study showed that the migration of humpback whales is more

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Altizer, S., R. Bartel, and B. A. Han. "Animal Migration and Infectious Disease Risk." Science 331, no. 6015 (January 20, 2011): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1194694.

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Kristoffersen, Siv. "Transformation in Migration Period Animal Art." Norwegian Archaeological Review 28, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293652.1995.9965581.

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Auerswald, Karl. "Tracking animal migration with stable isotopes." Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 55, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2019.1582529.

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Satterfield, Dara A., John C. Maerz, and Sonia Altizer. "Loss of migratory behaviour increases infection risk for a butterfly host." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1801 (February 22, 2015): 20141734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1734.

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Long-distance animal migrations have important consequences for infectious disease dynamics. In some cases, migration lowers pathogen transmission by removing infected individuals during strenuous journeys and allowing animals to periodically escape contaminated habitats. Human activities are now causing some migratory animals to travel shorter distances or form sedentary (non-migratory) populations. We focused on North American monarch butterflies and a specialist protozoan parasite to investigate how the loss of migratory behaviours affects pathogen spread and evolution. Each autumn, monarchs migrate from breeding grounds in the eastern US and Canada to wintering sites in central Mexico. However, some monarchs have become non-migratory and breed year-round on exotic milkweed in the southern US. We used field sampling, citizen science data and experimental inoculations to quantify infection prevalence and parasite virulence among migratory and sedentary populations. Infection prevalence was markedly higher among sedentary monarchs compared with migratory monarchs, indicating that diminished migration increases infection risk. Virulence differed among parasite strains but was similar between migratory and sedentary populations, potentially owing to high gene flow or insufficient time for evolutionary divergence. More broadly, our findings suggest that human activities that alter animal migrations can influence pathogen dynamics, with implications for wildlife conservation and future disease risks.

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Nevřelová, Marta, and Martin Novota. "Functionality of the Ecological Network Elements from the Point of View of Mammal Migrations in the Contact Zone of the Forest and Agricultural Landscape." Ekológia (Bratislava) 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2020-0004.

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AbstractThe aim of the research was to verify the functionality of the ecological network elements from the point of view of wildlife mammal migrations in the observed territory. Theoretical basis defines fragmentation of the landscape, the migrations of forest animals, ecological networks, and their connectivity. In the research territory, species such as Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa, Vulpes vulpes, Castor fiber and Lepus europaeus were recognized. The result of the issue is the confirmation or reversal of the functionality of the ecological network elements of the forest animal migrations and the actual status in the observed area. In the contact areas of the Small Carpathians forests and the lowland areas, the research was carried out during 2015, 2016, and 2017. The results have shown that the game tends to migrate between the Small Carpathian forests and the adjacent lowland, but the migration potential is very limited because of the presence of strong migration barriers. Biocenters located in the monitored area provide a variety of conditions and are widely used by almost all species, and we consider them to be functional in terms of game migration. Biocorridors are problematic, whose functionality with regard to the migration of wildlife is considerably limited because of the location of the D2 highway and first- and second-class roads.

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Kubiatko, Milan. "LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE OF AND MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ANIMAL MIGRATION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS." Journal of Baltic Science Education 14, no. 5 (October 25, 2015): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/15.14.607.

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The animal migration is one of the natural processes and is important not only for animals but also for people. Although this process is inseparable part of the nature, its incorporation into curriculum is on low level, not only in Czech Republic, but also in many other countries. The aim of the research was to identify lower secondary school students' knowledge of and misconceptions about animal migration and to identify if gender, grade and residence of respondents have an influence on it. The sample size was created by 184 Czech lower secondary school students. The researcher himself created the research tool. It was a test and consisted of 18 questions. The test questions were also analyzed by the proportional determination and also by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics. The knowledge of migration was very low among lower secondary school students. The grade level had the strongest influence on the knowledge from the examined variables. In the conclusion part implications for pedagogical practice are suggested and also suggestions for the further research in this field of study. Key words: animal migration, knowledge of migration, lower secondary school students, misconceptions about migration.

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Hromádková, T., V. Pavel, J. Flousek, and M. Briedis. "Seasonally specific responses to wind patterns and ocean productivity facilitate the longest animal migration on Earth." Marine Ecology Progress Series 638 (March 19, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13274.

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Migratory strategies of animals are broadly defined by species’ eco-evolutionary dynamics, while behavioural plasticity according to the immediate environmental conditions en route is crucial for energy efficiency and survival. The Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea is known for its remarkable migration capacity, as it performs the longest migration known by any animal. Yet, little is known about the ecology of this record-breaking journey. Here, we tested how individual migration strategies of Arctic terns are adapted to wind conditions and fuelling opportunities along the way. To this end, we deployed geolocators on adult birds at their breeding sites in Svalbard, Norway. Our results confirm fundamental predictions of optimal migration theory: Arctic terns tailor their migration routes to profit from (1) tailwind support during the movement phase and (2) food-rich ocean areas during the stopover phase. We also found evidence for seasonally distinct migration strategies: terns prioritize fuelling in areas of high ocean productivity during the southbound autumn migration and rapid movement relying on strong tailwind support during the northbound spring migration. Travel speed in spring was 1.5 times higher compared to autumn, corresponding to an increase in experienced wind support. Furthermore, with their pole-to-pole migration, Arctic terns experience approximately 80% of all annual daylight on Earth (the most by any animal), easing their strictly diurnal foraging behaviour. However, our results indicate that during migration daylight duration is not a limiting factor. These findings provide strong evidence for the importance of interaction between migrants and the environment in facilitating the longest animal migration on Earth.

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Wilcove, David S., and Martin Wikelski. "Going, Going, Gone: Is Animal Migration Disappearing." PLoS Biology 6, no. 7 (July 29, 2008): e188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060188.

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Bush, Elizabeth. "Migration: Incredible Animal Journeys by Mike Unwin." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 72, no. 11 (2019): 501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2019.0533.

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Ülker, Ezgi Deniz, and Sadık Ülker. "Antenna design using animal migration optimisation algorithm." Journal of Engineering 2016, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2016.0123.

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Cardé, Ring T. "Animal Migration: Seasonal Reversals of Migrant Moths." Current Biology 18, no. 21 (November 2008): R1007—R1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.013.

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Dällenbach, Laura J., Alexandra Glauser, Ka S. Lim, Jason W. Chapman, and Myles H. M. Menz. "Higher flight activity in the offspring of migrants compared to residents in a migratory insect." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1881 (June 20, 2018): 20172829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2829.

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Migration has evolved among many animal taxa and migratory species are found across all major lineages. Insects are the most abundant and diverse terrestrial migrants, with trillions of animals migrating annually. Partial migration, where populations consist of resident and migratory individuals, is ubiquitous among many taxa. However, the underlying mechanisms are relatively poorly understood and may be driven by physiological, behavioural or genetic variation within populations. We investigated the differences in migratory tendency between migratory and resident phenotypes of the hoverfly, Episyrphus balteatus , using tethered flight mills. Further, to test whether migratory flight behaviour is heritable and to disentangle the effects of environment during development, we compared the flight behaviour of laboratory-reared offspring of migrating, overwintering and summer animals. Offspring of migrants initiated more flights than those of resident individuals. Interestingly, there were no differences among wild-caught phenotypes with regard to number of flights or total flight duration. Low activity in field-collected migrants might be explained by an energy-conserving state that migrants enter into when under laboratory conditions, or a lack of suitable environmental cues for triggering migration. Our results strongly suggest that flight behaviour is heritable and that genetic factors influence migratory tendency in E. balteatus . These findings support the growing evidence that genetic factors play a role in partial migration and warrant careful further investigation.

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Tyagi, Tushar, and Sanjay Kumar Bhardwaj. "Magnetic Compass Orientation in a Palaearctic–Indian Night Migrant, the Red-Headed Bunting." Animals 11, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061541.

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Red-headed buntings (Emberiza bruniceps) perform long-distance migrations within their southerly overwintering grounds and breeding areas in the northern hemisphere. Long-distance migration demands essential orientation mechanisms. The earth’s magnetic field, celestial cues, and memorization of geographical cues en route provide birds with compass knowledge during migration. Birds were tested during spring migration for orientation under natural clear skies, simulated overcast skies at natural day length and temperature, simulated overcast at 22 °C and 38 °C temperatures, and in the deflected (−120°) magnetic field. Under clear skies, the red-headed buntings were oriented NNW (north–northwest); simulated overcast testing resulted in a northerly mean direction at local temperatures as well as at 22 °C and 38 °C. The buntings reacted strongly in favor of the rotated magnetic field under the simulated overcast sky, demonstrating the use of a magnetic compass for migrating in a specific direction.

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Luo, Qifang, Mingzhi Ma, and Yongquan Zhou. "A novel animal migration algorithm for global numerical optimization." Computer Science and Information Systems 13, no. 1 (2016): 259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis141229041l.

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Animal migration optimization (AMO) searches optimization solutions by migration process and updating process. In this paper, a novel migration process has been proposed to improve the exploration and exploitation ability of the animal migration optimization. Twenty-three typical benchmark test functions are applied to verify the effects of these improvements. The results show that the improved algorithm has faster convergence speed and higher convergence precision than the original animal migration optimization and other some intelligent optimization algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), cuckoo search (CS), firefly algorithm (FA), bat-inspired algorithm (BA) and artificial bee colony (ABC).

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Satterfield, Dara A., Peter P. Marra, T. Scott Sillett, and Sonia Altizer. "Responses of migratory species and their pathogens to supplemental feeding." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1745 (March 12, 2018): 20170094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0094.

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Migratory animals undergo seasonal and often spectacular movements and perform crucial ecosystem services. In response to anthropogenic changes, including food subsidies, some migratory animals are now migrating shorter distances or halting migration altogether and forming resident populations. Recent studies suggest that shifts in migratory behaviour can alter the risk of infection for wildlife. Although migration is commonly assumed to enhance pathogen spread, for many species, migration has the opposite effect of lowering infection risk, if animals escape from habitats where pathogen stages have accumulated or if strenuous journeys cull infected hosts. Here, we summarize responses of migratory species to supplemental feeding and review modelling and empirical work that provides support for mechanisms through which resource-induced changes in migration can alter pathogen transmission. In particular, we focus on the well-studied example of monarch butterflies and their protozoan parasites in North America. We also identify areas for future research, including combining new technologies for tracking animal movements with pathogen surveillance and exploring potential evolutionary responses of hosts and pathogens to changing movement patterns. Given that many migratory animals harbour pathogens of conservation concern and zoonotic potential, studies that document ongoing shifts in migratory behaviour and infection risk are vitally needed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host–parasite dynamics in wildlife’.

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Carroll, Gemma, Stephanie Brodie, Rebecca Whitlock, James Ganong, Steven J. Bograd, Elliott Hazen, and Barbara A. Block. "Flexible use of a dynamic energy landscape buffers a marine predator against extreme climate variability." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1956 (August 4, 2021): 20210671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0671.

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Animal migrations track predictable seasonal patterns of resource availability and suitable thermal habitat. As climate change alters this ‘energy landscape’, some migratory species may struggle to adapt. We examined how climate variability influences movements, thermal habitat selection and energy intake by juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna ( Thunnus orientalis ) during seasonal foraging migrations in the California Current. We tracked 242 tuna across 15 years (2002–2016) with high-resolution archival tags, estimating their daily energy intake via abdominal warming associated with digestion (the ‘heat increment of feeding’). The poleward extent of foraging migrations was flexible in response to climate variability, allowing tuna to track poleward displacements of thermal habitat where their standard metabolic rates were minimized. During a marine heatwave that saw temperature anomalies of up to +2.5°C in the California Current, spatially explicit energy intake by tuna was approximately 15% lower than average. However, by shifting their mean seasonal migration approximately 900 km poleward, tuna remained in waters within their optimal temperature range and increased their energy intake. Our findings illustrate how tradeoffs between physiology and prey availability structure migration in a highly mobile vertebrate, and suggest that flexible migration strategies can buffer animals against energetic costs associated with climate variability and change.

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Rajasekar, DR L., and R. Praveen Kumar. "DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMAL TRACKING SYSTEM USINGCOMPUTER VISION." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 11 (March 1, 2023): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v07i11.011.

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The behavior of animals in the wild is studied animal migration tracking in wildlife biology, conservation biology, and ecology and wildlife management. Animal banding, which involved attaching passive ID tags to animal’s legs to identify it in a sub sequent catch and release operation, was one of the earliest techniques used. A tiny radio transmitter is fastened to the animals during radio tracking, and a receiver tracks the signal.In genius temporary methods use GP tags that retain are cord of the animal’s where abuts as well as satellites to follow tagged animals. Devices tailored to the species or item being monitored by the you look only once algorithm may now be developed thanks to the development of new technology. One of the numerous goals of animal migration research has been to determine the creature’s final locations. The goal of object detection, a field of computer science related to computer vision and image processing, is to find instances of semantic objects belonging to a specific class in digital pictures and videos. Two well researched object detection fields are face and pedestrian detection. Object detection is used in several computer vision domains, including video surveillance and OPEN CV library.

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Verma, Jyotsna, and Nishtha Kesswani. "AMIGM: Animal Migration Inspired Group Mobility Model for Mobile Ad hoc Networks." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 20, no. 3 (September 22, 2019): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v20i3.1574.

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The most widespread notion of mobility model is the representation of mobile node’s movement pattern in the wireless ad hoc networks which has a significant impact on the performance of the network protocols. In this paper, we have proposed an Animal Migration Inspired Group Mobility (AMIGM) model for mobile ad hoc networks based on the migration behavior of animals like, insects, flock of birds, schools of fishes, reptiles, amphibians, etc. The propound model tries to overcome the limitations of the existing mobility models, such as temporal dependencies, spatial dependencies, geographical restrictions and migration of nodes between the group of nodes so that it can realistically model the real world application scenarios. The proposed AMIGM model is based on Animal Migration Optimization (AMO) algorithm, in which each group of nodes has two phases namely, Migration phase and Population updating phase. In the first phase, the model simulates the movement of nodes in the group from one position to another by obeying the swarming laws. In the second phase, the model simulates joining and leaving of the nodes in the group during migration. The protocol dependent and independent performance metrics of the proposed model are compared with Random Waypoint Mobility model (RWP) and Reference Point Group Mobility model (RPGM) through ns-2 simulator.

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Maida, Jared R., Christine A. Bishop, and Karl W. Larsen. "Migration and disturbance: impact of fencing and development on Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) spring movements in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0110.

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Due to increasing anthropogenic pressures, including land-use transformation globally, the natural process of animal migration is undergoing alterations across many taxa. Small-scale migrants provide useful systems at workable scales for investigating the influence of disturbance and landscape barriers on natural movement patterns and migrations. The Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus Holbrook, 1840) in British Columbia, Canada, is a small, migrant predator that undertakes seasonal spring movements from its communal hibernaculum to summer hunting and mating grounds and reverses its movements in autumn. From 2011 to 2016, we examined changes to spring migration movements in 27 male Western Rattlesnakes encountering both mitigative fencing barriers and disturbed habitats. Individuals moving through disturbed habitats or intercepted by mitigative fencing demonstrated shorter migration distances and reduced spring path sinuosity compared with individuals migrating in undisturbed habitats. Specifically, individuals encountering a fence during spring movements completed shorter total spring migration path lengths and occupied smaller home ranges over the course of the entire active season. Total spring migration distance also was strongly associated with the distance that individuals traveled until they first encountered human disturbance. This study contributes significantly to our knowledge of how fencing barriers may impact normal behavioural patterns in smaller vertebrates.

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Zhang, Fan. "Xianbei Zoomorphic Plaques: Art, Migration, and Human-Environment Entanglement." Arts 11, no. 6 (December 19, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts11060129.

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This paper adopts an ecological perspective to investigate the visual and material remains associated with the Xianbei people, a nomadic group active in Northeast Asia from the turn of the common era to the early medieval period. Through the study of metal plaques bearing animal motifs and the environmental contexts of these artworks, I articulate the entangled relationship between humans, animals, and nature. More specifically, this research highlights three groups of zoomorphic designs, including the deer, the horse, and the human–animal juxtaposition. By investigating the stylistic changes and geographical distributions of these three types of zoomorphic metal plaques, I analyze the various roles that animals played in the Xianbei society and the different ways in which the Xianbei people engaged with animals. The shifting relationship between humans and animals as reflected in the zoomorphic metal plaques, I argue, likely resulted from the changing environment of the Xianbei people as they migrated from the Greater Khingan Range to the southern Mongolian Steppe and, finally, to North China. At various stages of their migration, the Xianbei people conducted different modes of living, ranging from hunting, pastoral nomadism, to a sedentary lifestyle, which significantly shaped the design of their zoomorphic metal plaques.

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Read, A. F., and A. Sharping. "The evolution of tissue migration by parasitic nematode larvae." Parasitology 111, no. 3 (September 1995): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000081919.

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SUMMARYMigration by nematode larvae through the tissues of their mammalian hosts can cause considerable pathology, and yet the evolutionary factors responsible for this migratory behaviour are poorly understood. The behaviour is particularly paradoxical in genera such as Ascaris and Strongylus in which larvae undergo extensive migrations which begin and end in the same location. The orthodox explanation for this apparently pointless behaviour is that a tissue phase is a developmental requirement following the evolutionary loss of skin penetration or intermediate hosts. Yet tissue migration is not always necessary for development, and navigation and survival in an array of different habitats must require costly biochemical and morphological adaptations. Migrating larvae also risk becoming lost or killed by the host. Natural selection should therefore remove such behaviour unless there are compensating benefits. Here we propose that migration is a selectively advantageous life-history strategy. We show that taxa exploiting tissue habitats during development are, on average, bigger than their closest relatives that develop wholly in the gastrointestinal tract. Time to reproduction is the same, indicating that worms with a tissue phase during development grow faster. This previously unsuspected association between juvenile habitat and size is independent of any effects of adult habitat, life-cycle, or host size, generation time or diet. Because fecundity is intimately linked with size in nematodes, this provides an explanation for the maintenance of tissue migration by natural selection, analogous to the pre-spawning migrations of salmon.

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Heldbjerg, Henning, and Lennart Karlsson. "Autumn migration of Blue Tit Parus caeruleus at Falsterbo, Sweden 1980–94: population changes, migration patterns and recovery analysis." Ornis Svecica 7, no. 3–4 (October 1, 1997): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v7.22968.

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Extensive ringing data from Falsterbo, South Sweden, were used to analyse numbers, migration patterns and recoveries in the Blue Tit Pants caeruleus during 15 years (1980–94). The ringing totals as well as the totals from the migration counts at Falsterbo showed an overall increase of Blue Tits during this period. This corresponded with the trends from other monitoring projects in Sweden as well as the number of annually ringed nestlings. Analyses of the daily and seasonal migration patterns and the age and sex composition were carried out. The majority of the migrating Blue Tits were females, but with an increasing proportion of males with increasing numbers of migrating Blue Tits. The majority of the migrating Blue Tits were first-year birds and this proportion increased with the strength of migration. The results indicated that the same individuals may show repeated migration during several seasons, more like regular migrants than true irruptive species. The recovery analysis shows breeding area, migration routes and wintering areas for Blue Tits ringed or recaptured at Falsterbo. Obviously the major part of the birds originate from southern Sweden. They are short-distance migrants wintering in Denmark and northern Germany. Many Blue Tits also return inland when confronted with the sea at Falsterbo. The intensity of migration varied a lot from year to year. Strong migratory movements occurred more often towards the end of the study period and with increasing numbers of Blue Tits involved. It appeared that the key factors for the occurrence of strong migratory movements were a high population density, caused by high winter survival and good breeding results, in combination with a low amount of Beech mast or other food resources during the following autumn.

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Cuevas, Erik, Mauricio González, Daniel Zaldivar, Marco Pérez-Cisneros, and Guillermo García. "An Algorithm for Global Optimization Inspired by Collective Animal Behavior." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/638275.

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A metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization called the collective animal behavior (CAB) is introduced. Animal groups, such as schools of fish, flocks of birds, swarms of locusts, and herds of wildebeest, exhibit a variety of behaviors including swarming about a food source, milling around a central locations, or migrating over large distances in aligned groups. These collective behaviors are often advantageous to groups, allowing them to increase their harvesting efficiency, to follow better migration routes, to improve their aerodynamic, and to avoid predation. In the proposed algorithm, the searcher agents emulate a group of animals which interact with each other based on the biological laws of collective motion. The proposed method has been compared to other well-known optimization algorithms. The results show good performance of the proposed method when searching for a global optimum of several benchmark functions.

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Hein, Andrew M., Chen Hou, and James F. Gillooly. "Energetic and biomechanical constraints on animal migration distance." Ecology Letters 15, no. 2 (November 17, 2011): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01714.x.

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Yoshioka, Hidekazu. "A stochastic differential game approach toward animal migration." Theory in Biosciences 138, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12064-019-00292-4.

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Wilson, Robert M. "Mobile bodies: Animal migration in North American history." Geoforum 65 (October 2015): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.04.001.

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Dingle, Hugh. "Animal migration: is there a common migratory syndrome?" Journal of Ornithology 147, no. 2 (March 11, 2006): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-005-0052-2.

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Abrahms, Briana, Elliott L. Hazen, Ellen O. Aikens, Matthew S. Savoca, Jeremy A. Goldbogen, Steven J. Bograd, Michael G. Jacox, Ladd M. Irvine, Daniel M. Palacios, and Bruce R. Mate. "Memory and resource tracking drive blue whale migrations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 12 (February 25, 2019): 5582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819031116.

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In terrestrial systems, the green wave hypothesis posits that migrating animals can enhance foraging opportunities by tracking phenological variation in high-quality forage across space (i.e., “resource waves”). To track resource waves, animals may rely on proximate cues and/or memory of long-term average phenologies. Although there is growing evidence of resource tracking in terrestrial migrants, such drivers remain unevaluated in migratory marine megafauna. Here we present a test of the green wave hypothesis in a marine system. We compare 10 years of blue whale movement data with the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom resulting in increased prey availability in the California Current Ecosystem, allowing us to investigate resource tracking both contemporaneously (response to proximate cues) and based on climatological conditions (memory) during migrations. Blue whales closely tracked the long-term average phenology of the spring bloom, but did not track contemporaneous green-up. In addition, blue whale foraging locations were characterized by low long-term habitat variability and high long-term productivity compared with contemporaneous measurements. Results indicate that memory of long-term average conditions may have a previously underappreciated role in driving migratory movements of long-lived species in marine systems, and suggest that these animals may struggle to respond to rapid deviations from historical mean environmental conditions. Results further highlight that an ecological theory of migration is conserved across marine and terrestrial systems. Understanding the drivers of animal migration is critical for assessing how environmental changes will affect highly mobile fauna at a global scale.

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Tennant, Bryn. "Small animal Review." Companion Animal 25, no. 9 (October 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0083.

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Summary: Allergic dermatitis in dogs can be managed using a range of medical therapies including glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, oclacitinib, loviketmab and immunotherapy. Oclacitinib inhibits janus-kinases leading to depressed function of proinflammatory cytokines. Some cytokines protect against tumour development. Oclacitinib may hinder cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and survival. Oclacitinib's impact in dogs who have neoplasia is unclear. The study discussed here has assessed the risk of neoplasia in dogs treated over a long period with oclacitinib.

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Van Moorter, Bram, Steinar Engen, John M. Fryxell, Manuela Panzacchi, Erlend B. Nilsen, and Atle Mysterud. "Consequences of barriers and changing seasonality on population dynamics and harvest of migratory ungulates." Theoretical Ecology 13, no. 4 (July 25, 2020): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12080-020-00471-w.

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AbstractMany animal populations providing ecosystem services, including harvest, live in seasonal environments and migrate between seasonally distinct ranges. Unfortunately, two major sources of human-induced global change threaten these populations: climate change and anthropogenic barriers. Anthropogenic infrastructure developments present a global threat to animal migrations through increased migration mortality or behavioral avoidance. Climate change alters the seasonal and spatial dynamics of resources and therefore the effects of migration on population performance. We formulated a population model with ideal-free migration to investigate changes in population size and harvest yield due to barriers and seasonal dynamics. The model predicted an increasing proportion of migrants when the difference between areas in seasonality or carrying capacity increased. Both migration cost and behavioral avoidance of barriers substantially reduced population size and harvest yields. Not surprisingly, the negative effects of barriers were largest when the population benefited most from migration. Despite the overall decline in harvest yield from a migratory population due to barriers, barriers could result in locally increased yield from the resident population following reduced competition from migrants. Our approach and results enhance the understanding of how global warming and infrastructure development worldwide may change population dynamics and harvest offtake affecting livelihoods and rural economies.

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Trifonov, Vladimir A., Dilyara N. Shaymuratova, Gulshat Sh Asylgaraeva, Sergey P. Monakhov, Anna S. Molodtseva, Arthur O. Askeyev, Igor V. Askeyev, and Oleg V. Askeyev. "Archaeogenomics of Animal Domestication in Eurasia." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 1, no. 35 (March 25, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2021.1.35.179.186.

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The processes of domestication and subsequent distribution of animals in Eurasia are closely related to human migrations and intercultural exchanges starting from the end of the Pleistocene. The development of methods for the isolation and analysis of ancient DNA from archaeological and paleontological remains has made it possible to take a new look at both the presumed core regions of domestication and the geography and dynamics of livestock distribution. This paper discusses the reports on the reconstruction of the migration processes of domestic animals in Eurasia using the analysis of ancient DNA performed by leading specialists from Great Britain, France, Finland, Ireland, and Russia at the international symposium on Domestic Animal Archaeogenomics (Bolgar, Republic of Tatarstan, March 2020). In addition to discussing the demographic history of different species of domestic animals, special attention was given to the development of methods for working with ancient DNA and the peculiarities of sample storage and handling. Summarizing the results of the symposium, the authors identified priority areas for future research. The interdisciplinary nature of research and the need to create broad scientific network that includes specialists from different fields were emphasized.

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Nelson, Michael E., and L. David Mech. "Wolf predation risk associated with white-tailed deer movements." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-379.

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The survival of 159 yearling and adult deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was monitored by telemetry during 282 spring and 219 fall individual migrations to winter deeryards in northeastern Minnesota. A disproportionate number of deer were killed by wolves (Canis lupus) during fall migration relative to the short time they spent migrating, but not during spring migration. Predation was also significantly greater for male and female yearlings and adult females outside deeryards during winter. Survival of 79 yearlings dispersing from natal ranges was high (1.00). It appears that changing climatic conditions combined with unfamiliar terrain and undetermined factors predispose migratory deer to wolf predation during fall. These findings support an earlier hypothesis that winter yarding is an antipredator strategy.

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Bauer, Silke, Zoltan Barta, Bruno J. Ens, Graeme C. Hays, John M. McNamara, and Marcel Klaassen. "Animal migration: linking models and data beyond taxonomic limits." Biology Letters 5, no. 4 (May 22, 2009): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0324.

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An international workshop on animal migration was held at the Lorentz Center in Leiden, The Netherlands, 2–6 March 2009, bringing together leading theoreticians and empiricists from the major migratory taxa, aiming at the identification of cutting-edge questions in migration research that cross taxonomic borders.

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Satterfield, Dara A., Amy E. Wright, and Sonia Altizer. "Lipid reserves and immune defense in healthy and diseased migrating monarchs Danaus plexippus." Current Zoology 59, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.3.393.

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Abstract Recent studies suggest that the energetic demands of long-distance migration might lower the pool of resources available for costly immune defenses. Moreover, migration could amplify the costs of parasitism if animals suffering from parasite-induced damage or depleted energy reserves are less able to migrate long distances. We investigated relationships between long-distance migration, infection, and immunity in wild fall-migrating monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus. Monarchs migrate annually from eastern North America to central Mexico, accumulating lipids essential for migration and winter survival as they travel southward. Monarchs are commonly infected by the debilitating protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE). We collected data on lipid reserves, parasite loads, and two immune measures (hemocyte concentration and phenoloxidase activity) from wild monarchs migrating through north GA (USA) to ask whether (1) parasite infection negatively affects lipid reserves, and (2) greater investment in lipid reserves is associated with lower immune measures. Results showed that monarchs sampled later in the fall migration had lower but not significantly different immune measures and significantly higher lipid reserves than those sampled earlier. Lipid measures correlated negatively but only nearly significantly with one measure of immune defense (phenoloxidase activity) in both healthy and infected monarchs, but did not depend on monarch infection status or parasite load. These results provide weak support for a trade-off between energy reserves and immune defense in migrants, and suggest that previously-demonstrated costs of OE infection for monarch migration are not caused by depleted lipid reserves.

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Peacock, Stephanie J., Martin Krkošek, Mark A. Lewis, and Péter K. Molnár. "A unifying framework for the transient parasite dynamics of migratory hosts." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 20 (May 1, 2020): 10897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908777117.

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Migrations allow animals to track seasonal changes in resources, find mates, and avoid harsh climates, but these regular, long-distance movements also have implications for parasite dynamics and animal health. Migratory animals have been dubbed “superspreaders” of infection, but migration can also reduce parasite burdens within host populations via migratory escape from contaminated habitats and transmission hotspots, migratory recovery due to parasite mortality, and migratory culling of infected individuals. Here, we show that a single migratory host–macroparasite model can give rise to these different phenomena under different parametrizations, providing a unifying framework for a mechanistic understanding of the parasite dynamics of migratory animals. Importantly, our model includes the impact of parasite burden on host movement capability during migration, which can lead to “parasite-induced migratory stalling” due to a positive feedback between increasing parasite burdens and reduced movement. Our results provide general insight into the conditions leading to different health outcomes in migratory wildlife. Our approach lays the foundation for tactical models that can help understand, predict, and mitigate future changes of disease risk in migratory wildlife that may arise from shifting migratory patterns, loss of migratory behavior, or climate effects on parasite development, mortality, and transmission.

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Singh, Navinder J., and Göran Ericsson. "Changing motivations during migration: linking movement speed to reproductive status in a migratory large mammal." Biology Letters 10, no. 6 (June 2014): 20140379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0379.

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A challenge in animal ecology is to link animal movement to demography. In general, reproducing and non-reproducing animals may show different movement patterns. Dramatic changes in reproductive status, such as the loss of an offspring during the course of migration, might also affect movement. Studies linking movement speed to reproductive status require individual monitoring of life-history events and hence are rare. Here, we link movement data from 98 GPS-collared female moose ( Alces alces ) to field observations of reproductive status and calf survival. We show that reproductive females move more quickly during migration than non-reproductive females. Further, the loss of a calf over the course of migration triggered a decrease in speed of the female. This is in contrast to what might be expected for females no longer constrained by an accompanying offspring. The observed patterns demonstrate that females of different reproductive status may have distinct movement patterns, and that the underlying motivation to move may be altered by a change in reproductive status during migration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal migration'

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