Academic literature on the topic 'Animal Parasitic Diseases'
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Journal articles on the topic "Animal Parasitic Diseases"
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Kachanova and Belomytseva. "THE USE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AGAINST PARASITIC DISEASES OF ANIMALS." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 23 (April 18, 2022): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-9-9.2022.23.223-227.
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Today, the chemical method is one of the main methods for the prevention and treatment of animal against parasites. Chemical preparations and means for the treatment and prevention of parasitic diseases have a number of negative consequences for the host organism. For example, this is an intoxication of the body caused by the decay products of dead parasites and the influence of the constituent components of drugs. Chemicals that belong to the 4th hazard class are poisonous to living organisms. Therefore, they reduce the functioning of internal organs. In connection with the foregoing, the search for new methods of protection and treatment of animals from parasitic diseases remains relevant. Every year, the pollution of the planet with various chemicals is increasing. Therefore, we must consider alternative options for parasites control. Physical methods are among such new methods, including the use of electromagnetic waves (EMW). In our article, we analyzed the available Russian and foreign works on the use of electromagnetic waves for the treatment and prevention of invasive and non-invasive animal diseases. These works have shown that the use of EMW for the prevention and treatment of parasitic and non-contagious diseases of animals, as well as for the disinfestation of premises with animals, is an effective physical method.
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Muriu, Jian. "Impact of Parasites and Parasitic Diseases on Animal Health and Productivity." Journal of Animal Health 3, no. 1 (September 9, 2023): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jah.2100.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of parasites and parasitic diseases on animal health and productivity.
Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries
Findings: The study found that parasites and parasitic diseases have a significant impact on animal health and productivity across various species. Negative associations between parasitic infections and key indicators of health and productivity, such as weight gain, milk production, reproductive performance, wool quality, and egg quality. Animals with higher parasite burdens tend to experience slower growth rates, reduced fertility, compromised immune function, and increased susceptibility to other diseases. Additionally, parasitic infections can lead to poor feed conversion ratios, higher mortality rates, and decreased overall productivity in livestock and poultry farming operations
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on Resource Competition Theory which was proposed by Robert M. May in 1974 and Immunopathology Theory which was proposed by Zinkernagel and Doherty in 1974. The study recommends that Governments and regulatory bodies should develop and enforce policies that promote responsible parasite control practices in livestock production.
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Ghorbani, Alireza, and Yagoob Garedaghi. "An Overview of the Science of Parasitology Simply for the General Public." International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2023.03.
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Every year, millions of people in the world are infected with parasitic diseases, and the main conflict with parasitic diseases is in countries with hot and humid climates and low levels of hygiene. Parasites can damage human and animal communities in different ways, and these damages can be highly extensive. Parasites exist in microscopic and macroscopic forms, which are transmitted to humans and animals through different ways, including water, food, or insect bites. Controlling and examining the transmission ways of parasites is the most important way to prevent parasitic diseases. Although these control programs are being implemented today, one of the extremely important points in controlling parasites is that parasites are eukaryotic organisms, and treatment and control of these organisms is much more difficult compared to prokaryotic organisms. Accordingly, increasing public knowledge is the best way to deal with parasites.
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Shcherbak, O. V., and O. V. Semenko. "FERTILITY OF GOATS AFFECTED OF PARASITIC DISEASES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.25.
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In modern conditions of management there is a need for systematical regulation of individual stages of the animal reproduction process in order to ensure the effective use of genetic resources of the breeding stock, planning of production processes and the timing of their implementation. One of the problems of the zootechnical and veterinary sciences are parasitic diseases and pathology parturition, which relates to the urgent issues of reducing the reproductive capacity of animals and inhibits the rapid development of livestock, in particular, goats breeding. In the case of a chronic course of parasitic diseases, animals do not enter hunting or note an inferior sexual cycle and, accordingly, farmers do not receive the applause and there are significant losses in milk productivity.
The purpose of our research was to consider the main indicators characterizing reproducible ability of goats and the preservation of the offsprings in the presence of parasitic diseases. For this purpose we have applied parasitological and zootechnical methods of research. We examined 98 goats from 25 individual farms in the city Borispol. It was established that only 4,1% of our investigated 98 goats were free from parasites. 12.3% of goats were affected by one type of worms (Trichostrongylus axei), 26.5% of goats were affected by two types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia punctata), 21.4% – by three types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata and Nematodirus spatiger, 20.4% – by four types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi), 10.2% – by five types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomym radiatum) and 6.1% – by six types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomium radiatum, Bunostomum phlebotomum). All revealed worms belonged to the Strongylata order and were pathogens gastrointestinal Strongylata infections in goats. In 25.5% of the examined animals, a significant defeat of Trichodectidae ectoparasites was observed. The analysis of the results showed the need for parasitological studies of animals kept in individual farms. The death of the goats predominantly accounts for the first 20 days of their post-embryonal life, which we observed in 77.8% of cases of death of the goats born from goats that revealed the presence of parasitic diseases. 6.4% of the goats from the coughing-affected parasites were unsatisfactory with a low clinical development status. In goats free from parasites, all born goats have a satisfactory clinical condition with high development potential.
In the article we present the prospect of conducting further parasitological studies to ensure healthy clinical condition of animals, obtaining viable young animals and full realization of the productive potential of the animal.
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Curca, D., V. Andronie, I. Andronie, and D. Codreanu. "Animal stress and reactivity in parasitic diseases." Pathophysiology 5 (June 1998): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80868-7.
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Kassai, T., M. Cordero Del Campillo, J. Euzeby, S. Gaafar, Th Hiepe, and C. A. Himonas. "Standardized nomenclature of animal parasitic diseases (SNOAPAD)." Veterinary Parasitology 29, no. 4 (October 1988): 299–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(88)90148-3.
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Aleixo, Denise Lessa, Leoni Vilano Bonamin, and Silvana Marques De Araujo. "Homeopathy in parasitic diseases." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 11, no. 40 (December 21, 2021): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v11i40.589.
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Introduction: The use of homeopathic medicines has increased, once traditional medicines sometimes do not produce the desired effects and because side effects sometimes compromise the treatment. In recent years, research on homeopathy has clearly developed, both in the implementation of more consistent methodologies and in the description of the data and published methods, improvement are still required in these matters. The acknowledgment of homeopathy depends on the credibility of the groups researching this topic
Objective: list and criticize articles highlighting main effects, schedule of treatment and potencies used in different animals models.
Material and Methods: A review of articles published since 2000 in journals indexed in the PubMed/Scielo databases was performed. Keywords used were parasitosis/homeopathy and parasitosis/ultra-diluted, in English and Portuguese. Specialized journals such as Homeopathy, International Journal of High Dilution Research, and Brazilian Homeopathic Journal were also used. The contents of each issue of these journals were examined for the "Use of highly diluted medication in parasitic infections."
Results and Discussion: Thirty nine papers have been gathered. The methodology of the articles surveyed did not meet the requirements listed in the REHBaR[1]. Thirty seven reports have shown the benefits/effects of highly diluted medicine in the treatment of infectious diseases. In models where experimental conditions are carefully controlled, the conclusions follow the same pattern as those observed in the treatment of farm animals, where, even without completely controlled conditions, clinical result is positive. In fourteen reports using the same model, eight where animals were treated in a constant and prolonged way shown a better result, compared with six reports in which animals were treated for a short period of time, receiving a single daily dose. Several authors have conducted clinical trials using commercial formulas, which do not always provide their composition and/or dynamization, making it difficult to reproducing the experiment. In some of the articles, it was not mentioned if the experiments were repeated at least twice.
Conclusions: In parasitic infections, the effect of homeopathic medications is still controversial, and the experimental parameters for evaluation shoud be carefully chosen to avoid isolated analyses of data. Researchers should consider results regarding environmental and sanitary conditions of the animal as a whole. The improvement of techniques and expansion of knowledge about highly diluted medicines may lead to a viable alternative to treat parasitic infections. Precise and detailed descriptions will contribute to advances in the use of homeopathy, so that the wider community can benefit, in practice, from these findings.
Keywords: homeopathy, parasitic infections, CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine).
Reference
[1] Lüdtke R, Musial F, Wijk R, Witt C, Baumgartner S. Reporting experiments in homeopathic basic research (REHBaR) – A detailed guideline for authors. Homeopathy. 2009; 98:287-298.
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Petricevic, Sasa, Tamara Ilic, and Sanda Dimitrijevic. "Contemporary models and prospects of control of parasitic diseases." Veterinarski glasnik 61, no. 5-6 (2007): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0706337p.
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Economic, social and expert-scientific factors determine activities in connection with the development of the control of parasitic infections in the upcoming period of the 21st century. The primary research activities are directed at studies of the physiological functions of parasites and the ecological relations between the parasite and the host, and all that is undertaken with the objective of securing adequate pharmacotherapy/pharmacoprophylaxis and immunoprophilaxis. As there is a huge expansion in the synthesis of chemical compounds, there is a great number of potential substances for use in the form of a medicine. Along these lines, activities concerning the development of new antiparasitics and/or modification of existing ones are primarily based on securing a quality target spot for its action. Another possibility in the area of research is connected to the problem of resistance of parasites and intensive studies of the biochemical-physiological characteristics of parasites, as well as the development of an active epidemiological-episootiological network for monitoring resistance. In parallel with the development of medicines, the results of investigations of physiological functions of parasites and their mutual relations with their host, are intensely used for the development of immunological control, and the development of vaccines (for example, the development of vaccines for the control of coccidiosis, babesiosis, echinococcosis). The second important approach is related to studies of parasitic zoonoses, the effect of global warming on the epidemiological-episootiological characteristics of parasitic diseases and the selection of resistant animal breeds/hybrids. Animal welfare is also of importance, the perfecting of reliable, rapid and less-costly methods for diagnosing parasitic diseases and the development of in vitro methods for the examination of resistance to antiparasitics.
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Yusuf, Kedir. "Ethno Veterinary Approaches on Control and Treating Parasitic Diseases." Journal of Research in Complementary Medicine 1, no. 1 (2024): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jrcm.20231023083805.
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In most African countries livestock contribute 30% of total agricultural gross domestic product. More than 60% of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Parasitic worms or helminths occur worldwide parasitizing the body of humans and domesticated and wild animals. Conventional medicine is a remedy or drug used for diagnosis, treatment of disease and for maintenance of health of an animal. Continuous use of these drugs has resulted in the development of resistance by some internal parasites. “The ability of parasites to survive doses of drugs that would normally kill parasites of the same species and stage”. In general, most of the Ethno-botanical remedies are considered as economical and safe. Furthermore, these remedies are easily available, simple to prepare and/or administer, at minute or free of cost to the farmer. Today many of the allopathic anthelmintics available in the market are either not effective or have induced resistance, resulting in recurrence of parasitic infestations. External parasites affecting different animals are ticks, mites, lice and fleas. Extract the active compounds from the medicinal plants and then test their anthelmintic activity, through in vitro and in vivo systems. Traditional medicine in Ethiopia has been widely used by various ethnic groups, about 90% of livestock population depends on traditional medicine and most of it comes from plants. Herbal medicine has not been documented adequately in Ethiopia and there is a danger that this knowledge will soon be lost as traditional social patterns are increasingly disturbed by globalization, environmental degradation, agricultural expansion, cultivation of marginal lands and urbanization.
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Odeniran, P. O., I. O. Ademola, and D. A. Oyelade. "Animal parasitic diseases and treatment strategies at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 45, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.10.
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The epidemiology and management of parasitic diseases are essential in its strategic control. A 20-year retrospective study of parasitic diseases among dogs, ruminants, and wildlife at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Ibadan, Nigeria from January 1997 to September 2016 was analysed. Case files totaling 3,013 were retrieved from small animal clinics, University of Ibadan farm and the zoological garden units, respectively were examined. The VTH and client’s locations were determined using qGIS. The prevalence of parasitic diseases in dogs examined revealed 20.6% (95% CI: 19.2- 22.2) with a peak prevalence of 76.5% (95% CI: 50.1-93.2) in 2002. Puppies (≤ 6 months) had significantly higher (P < 0.05) parasitic diseases compared to adult dogs. The ruminant case files revealed a total prevalence of 53.9% (95%CI: 43.0-64.6) with large ruminants having significantly higher (P = 0.013) prevalence compared to small ruminants. Total prevalence of 63.3% (95%CI: 46.8-81.4) was observed in animals from the zoological garden. The prevalence of parasitic diseases between 2001-2004 was the highest with 41.9%, while the least prevalence was between 2009-2012 with 14.9%. Records for large animal units were highest between 2009-2012 with a prevalence of 85%, while university zoological gardens records showed the highest prevalence (88.9%) of parasitic diseases between 2009-2012. In all the units, infection with helminth was significantly higher as observed in the importance index when compared to other parasitic diseases. For helminthosis, the common drugs administered were levamisole, ivermectin and piperazine in that order depending on the species and age of animals. Regular deworming, public health education and proper prophylactic treatment are recommended for dog owners while improved management practices and engagement of veterinarians are advocated in the farm and zoological garden as efficient ways of controlling parasitic diseases.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Animal Parasitic Diseases"
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Gautam, Ablesh. "EXAMINATION OF THE SNSAG SURFACE ANTIGEN GENE FAMILY IN SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/20.
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Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan parasite that causes the serious neurologic disease equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The life cycle of S. neurona progresses through multiple developmental stages that differ morphologically and molecularly. The S. neurona merozoite surface is covered by multiple related proteins, which are orthologous to the surface antigen (SAG) gene family of Toxoplasma gondii. The SAG surface antigens in T. gondii and another related parasite Neospora caninum are life cycle stage-specific and seem necessary for parasite transmission and persistence of infection. The present research was conducted to explore the gene family of SnSAGs in S. neurona. Specifically, the project identified new SnSAGs in the draft genome sequence of S. neurona and examined the stage-specific expression and potential function of these surface antigens. For the first part of the study, expression of the S. neurona merozoite surface antigens was evaluated in the sporozoite and bradyzoite stages. The studies revealed that SnSAG2, SnSAG3 and SnSAG4 are expressed by sporozoites, while SnSAG5 appeared to be downregulated in this life cycle stage. In S. neurona bradyzoites, SnSAG2, SnSAG3, SnSAG4 and SnSAG5 were either absent or expression was greatly reduced. For the second part of the study, the draft sequence of the S. neurona genome was searched for potential new SnSAGs. Multiple searches revealed sixteen potential new SnSAG genes, and bioinformatic analyses of the sequences revealed characteristics consistent with the SAG gene family. Two of the new SnSAGs, designated SnSAG7 and SnSAG8, have been characterized in detail. The studies showed that SnSAG7 is expressed by the merozoite stage, while SnSAG8 is expressed by the bradyzoite stage. The third part of the study assessed the role of SnSAGs in host cell attachment and/or invasion by S. neurona. Serum neutralization assays using polyclonal serum raised against SnSAG1, SnSAG2, SnSAG3, and SnSAG4 suggested that SnSAG1 and SnSAG4 play a role in host cell attachment and/or invasion; treatment with antibodies against SnSAG2 and SnSAG3 were inconclusive. The information acquired about the stage-specific expression of the SnSAGs, identification of new SnSAG paralogues, and their functional characterization will help to understand the importance of the SnSAG proteins for parasite survival and could lead to improved methods for EPM prevention and/or treatment.
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Angwin, Catherine-Jane. "ANALYSIS OF HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES IN HORSES WITH EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/30.
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Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), caused by the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis neurona, is one of the most important neurological diseases of horses in the Americas. While seroprevalence of S. neurona in horses is high, clinical manifestation of EPM occurs in less than 1% of infected horses. Factors governing the occurrence and severity of EPM are largely unknown, although horse immunity might play an important role in clinical outcome. We hypothesize that EPM occurs due to an aberrant immune response, which will be discernable in the equine IgG subisotypes a, b, and (T) that recognize S. neurona in infected diseased horses versus infected but clinically healthy horses. Based on previously-established serum antibody concentrations for IgG subisotypes in healthy horses, standard curves were generated and served to establish the concentration of antigen-specific IgG subisotypes in equine serum and CSF in infected diseased and infected normal horses. The subisotype concentrations and ratios between subisotypes were analyzed to assess whether neurological disease is associated with detectable differences in the antibody response elicited by infection. Results indicate a type I biased immune response in infected diseased horses, implicating the role of immunity in the development of EPM.
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Earnhart, Christopher G. "Dynamics of the host-parasite interaction: in vitro correlates of Crassostrea-induced modulation of Perkinsus marinus function." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616637.
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Perkinsus marinus is an alveolate protozoan parasite of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) which is responsible for much of the decline in United States oyster populations. Perkinsus marinus can be cultured in vitro, but is rapidly attenuated in the process. Supplementation of a protein-free medium with oyster products altered proliferation, changed protease expression in the parasite extracellular products (ECP), induced morphological forms typically seen in vivo, and partially reversed parasite attenuation. Supplements derived from dissected oyster tissues were used to determine if these changes could be differentially elicited. These supplements, with the exception of adductor muscle, reduced proliferation. Whole oyster and digestive gland/gonad supplements favored palintomic, rather than binary, fission. The total ECP protease activity was generally decreased in supplemented cultures, though gill/mantle supplements may have induced proteases. A low molecular weight subset of proteases was upregulated most effectively by heart- and adductor muscle-derived supplements. Serine proteases and other ECP proteins may be virulence factors. Attempts to create antibodies to study P. marinus cells and ECP have been largely unsuccessful due to poor immune responses and crossreactivity. Ultrafiltration-concentrated P. marinus ECP were poorly immunogenic and toxic to experimental animals. Immunogenicity was not substantially affected by heat denaturation or proteolytic inhibition. Co-administration of ECP with oyster plasma caused a suppression in the anti-plasma antibody response with restriction of epitope recognition. Analysis of medium constituents revealed that a surfactant, Pluronic F-68 (PF68), was immunosuppressive. Although isolated protein antigens from the ECP remained immunosuppressive, separation of the antigens from PF68 enabled antibody production. Five monoclonal antibodies were created against ECP from unsupplemented medium and were used to study ECP function, regulation, and mechanism of storage and release. ECP are secreted by release from the cell wall and from two morphologically distinct intracellular compartments. A sandwich ELISA allowed quantification of an ECP protein with significantly reduced expression in supplemented cultures. Another antibody, which specifically bound to trophozoite and tomont walls, was used to investigate morphological and antigenic changes during thioglycollate-induced formation of prezoosporangia, and confirm supplement-induced formation of prezoosporangia. This antibody labeled P. marinus cells in fixed oyster tissue in a species-specific manner.
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Morandi, Benedetto <1985>. "Epidemiology, Control and Public Health aspects of parasitic diseases." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8939/1/PhD_Thesis_Benedetto_Morandi_Scienze_Veterinarie_Sanita_Animale.pdf.
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This elaborate is a three-year route spent on epidemiology, control and surveillance of parasitic diseases both domestic animals and wildlife. It includes eight chapters, where each one, except the prelude and conclusions, concerns different projects regarding to the same topic: Epidemiology and Control of parasitic diseases. It deals with the ancient issue, but still modern, of cystic echinococcosis (CE), one of the costliest diseases to treat and prevent. Its prevalence, in cattle, is still the same 8% compared to the one of fifty years back. This tapeworm is still present and affects exotic animals as ring-tiled lemur (Lemur catta) confined in a zoo. Again, it is stressed the marginal role played by other species, different from sheep and dog, in the Echinococcus granulosus (G1 strain) epidemiology. Additionally, it gives updates on the health status of red fox and wild boar populations and on the plausible interactions between domestic animal and wildlife. Indeed, wild boar population shows a prevalence of the genus Metastrongylus of about 97%, whereas the lungworm Crenosoma vulpis, identified based on size and morphology, is recovered from 28.4% of the fox lungs. Helminth community in Apennine wolf illustrates the attitudes to food in terms of predation and parasitic diseases transmission. The first useful data in a surveillance program is to know and count which aetiological agents are present; the experience, carried out in South African preserves, offers interesting control strategies. Surveillance is aimed at, demostrating the presence/absence of a disease or infection, knowing its epidemiology and spreading in order to detect as early as possible exotic, emerging or re-emerging diseases as well as to cut costs for eradication and avoid exportation restrictions. The present thesis demonstrates the importance of intersectoral cooperation, where each stakeholder puts in the own knowledges in order to stem the spread of transmissible diseases.
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Buchholz, Matthew J. "Host-Parasite Associations of Small Mammal Communities and Implications for the Spread of Lyme Disease." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1588.
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Many zoonotic pathogens of concern to human and veterinary health are maintained in the environment within small mammal reservoirs and vectored to new hosts by ectoparasitic arthropods. While the ecological relationships among small mammals, ectoparasites, and disease-causing symbiotic microorganisms are important to these dynamics, little is known about them across much of North America. The sylvatic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is of particular interest because Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease of humans in the United States. However, cases of Lyme disease are primarily confined to the northeastern and Midwestern United States, with only sporadic cases extending into the southeast. As a result, much of what is known of the ecology of Lyme disease comes from studies conducted in those regions. The goal of this study was to examine the ecological dynamics of the B. burgdorferi/vector/reservoir system in south-central Kentucky and gain insight into the relative paucity of Lyme disease in Kentucky. Small mammals were captured using live traps in three 200x50 m trapping grids within Western Kentucky University’s Green River Preserve from November 2014-October 2015. Captured small mammals were identified to species and standard measurements were recorded. Ectoparasites were removed and retained for identification. Collected blood and tissue were examined for B. burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction with primers specific to the OspA gene. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index, Schnabel population estimates, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were used to assess the structure of the small mammal communities. Parasite infestation was low but was affected by age and sex of the host, site, and season in different parasite taxa. Infestation by Ixodes scapularis, the primary vector for B. burgdorferi, was uncommon and prevalence of B. burgdorferi in blood was similar to the lowest prevalence previously observed in the Lyme disease endemic regions. We found that life history characteristics of hosts and ectoparasites drive their associations. We also suggest that the lack of an efficient vector for B. burgdorferi is the likely explanation for the few reported cases of Lyme disease in Kentucky.
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Jansen, Maura E. "Parasite Community Structure in Summer Flounder: Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus), of the Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617564.
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LeShure, Shirron Nicole. "Use of Naturally Occurring Anthelmintics to Control Gastrointestinal Parasites in Small Ruminants." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397649276.
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Calvo, Gustavo W. "In vitro and in vivo effects of chemotherapeutants on the oyster parasite, Perkinsus marinus." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616595.
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To investigate the potential of chemotherapeutants to control the oyster pathogen Perkinsus marinus, anticoccidial and antifungal compounds were tested in vitro on infected hemolymph and cultured P. marinus cells and in vivo on infected oysters. In addition, acute toxicity to oysters was determined for six anticoccidials. In vitro experiments with infected hemolymph consisted of 24 h exposure of 0.2 mL hemolymph aliquots to concentrations ranging from 100 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L of amphotericin-B, amprolium, arprinocid, cycloheximide, lasalocid, malachite green, monensin, sulfadimethoxine, and a potentiated sulfadimethoxine, followed by incubation in fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) to determine prezoosporangia abundance. Lasalocid, malachite green, and amphotericin-B were the most effective compounds reducing prezoosporangia abundance, relative to the untreated control group, at concentrations as low as 10 mg/L. Cycloheximide, monensin, and to a lesser extent sulfadimethoxine, were also effective but only at the highest concentration tested (100 mg/L). In vitro experiments with cultured P. marinus consisted of 24 h exposure of 10&\sp5& cells to 100 mg/L, 10 mg/L, and 1 mg/L of amphotericin-B, and 100 mg/L of cimetidine, cycloheximide, fumagillin, 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, lasalocid, and monensin, followed either by incubation in FTM to determine abundance and size of prezoosporangia, or by addition of Neutral Red to determine cell viability. Amphotericin-B, lasalocid, and monensin were effective in reducing prezoosporangia abundance, size, and/or cell viability. No effects of cycloheximide on cultured cells were apparent. Lasalocid, monensin, and malachite green, were toxic to oysters at concentrations below 10 mg/L. The 96-hr. LC50 for lasalocid was 0.59 mg/L. No median lethal dose was determined for monensin or malachite green, but oyster mortality resulted from exposures ranging from 1 mg/L to 10 mg/L of either compound. In three in vivo experiments, infected oysters were exposed to amprolium, arprinocid, cycloheximide, lasalocid, monensin, malachite green, potentiated sulfadimethoxine, and sulfadimethoxine at various concentrations. Only cycloheximide was effective in reducing P. marinus infections. After 15 days of exposure to 10 mg/L of cycloheximide, weighted prevalence significantly declined from 3.78 in untreated controls to 2.10 in treated oysters. Infections progressed after treatment was discontinued as indicated by an increase in weighted prevalence from 0.71 at the end of treatment to 1.31 one month later. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
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BORBOREMA, SAMANTA E. T. "Biodistribuição do antimoniato de meglumina em animais sadios e infectados com Leishmania (L.) chagasi." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11341.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Boas, Beatriz Villas. "Análise fenotípico-funcional das células TCD4+FoxP3+ (T reguladoras) na fase aguda da infecção murina pelo Trypanosoma cruzi." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-07102013-083419/.
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Utilizando animais FoxP3+GFP+, estudamos as mudanças fenotípicas em TREG esplênicas durante a fase aguda da infecção pelo clone Sylvio X10/4 de T. cruzi e avaliamos sua atividade supressora. Em relação à expressão (MFI) de diferentes marcadores pelas TREG, observamos um aumento em FoxP3, um aumento progressivo na expressão de CD25, uma pequena população CTLA-4HIGH e um aumento tardio na expressão de GITR. Além disso, observamos aumento em ICOS nos últimos dias analisados e aumento na expressão de Fas e FasL. Ainda, CD69 sofre um pequeno e persistente aumento. Com relação à atividade supressora frente à proliferação de CD4+FoxP3- e produção de IFN-g não vimos diferença entre TREG controles e com 7d-infecção. Além disso, CD4+FoxP3- respondedoras 7d-infectadas mostraram suscetibilidade similar a supressão por TREG controles e de animais com 7d de infecção. Demonstramos que durante a fase aguda da infecção por T. cruzi as TREG mantém sua atividade supressora com aumento na expressão de alguns marcadores e que CD4+ respondedoras não se tornam resistentes à supressão.Using FoxP3+GFP+ mice, we studied the phenotypic changes in spleen TREG along the early infection with Sylvio X10/4 T. cruzi parasites and evaluated their suppressive activity. Regarding expression (MFI) of different markers by TREG, we observed an increase in FoxP3, a progressive increase in CD25 expression, a small CTLA-4HIGH population, and a late increase in GITR expression. Besides, we observed increases in ICOS in the last days analyzed and increased expression of Fas and FasL. In addition, CD69 suffered a slight persistent augment. According to their suppressive activity upon proliferation of CD4+FoxP3- cells and upon IFN-g production, there were no major differences between TREGs cells from control and 7days infected mice. Moreover, responding 7d-CD4+FoxP3- showed similar susceptibility to suppression by control and 7days infected TREG. We demonstrate that during the early infection by T. cruzi TREG maintain their suppressive activity with increase in expression of some markers and responding CD4+ cells do not become resistant to suppression.
Books on the topic "Animal Parasitic Diseases"
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Lefevre, P. C. Infectious and parasitic diseases of livestock. Paris, France: Editions Tec & Doc, 2010.
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1923-, Flynn Robert J., Baker David G. 1956-, Flynn Robert J. 1923-, and American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine., eds. Flynn's parasites of laboratory animals. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2007.
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3
Georgi, Jay R. Parasitology for veterinarians. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1990.
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Foreyt, Bill. Veterinary parasitology reference manual. 2nd ed. Pullman, WA (Washington State University, Pullman 99164): College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 1990.
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Foreyt, Bill. Veterinary parasitology reference manual. 3rd ed. Pullman, WA: College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 1994.
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Bowman, Dwight D. Georgis' parasitology for veterinarians. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1995.
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Bowman, Dwight D. Georgis' parasitology for veterinarians. 9th ed. St. Louis: Saunders, 2009.
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Wakelin, Derek. Immunity to parasites: How parasitic infections are controlled. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
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Carl, Lynn Randy, and Georgi Jay R. 1928-, eds. Georgis' parasitology for veterinarians. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders, 2003.
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Carl, Lynn Randy, and Georgi Jay R. 1928-, eds. Georgis' parasitology for veterinarians. 7th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Animal Parasitic Diseases"
1
Weese, J. Scott, Andrew S. Peregrine, Maureen E. C. Anderson, and Martha B. Fulford. "Parasitic Diseases." In Companion Animal Zoonoses, 3–107. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958957.ch1.
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Iqbal, Asif, Mamoona Arshad, Ahsan Elahi, Kashif Hussain, Maria Kausar, and Yasir Javaid. "Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases." In Parasitism and Parasitic Control in Animals, 40–55. GB: CABI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621893.0003.
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Broom, Donald M. "Welfare and behaviour in relation to disease." In Broom and Fraser’s domestic animal behaviour and welfare, 262–71. 6th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249835.0024.
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Boray, J. C. "Trematode Infections of Domestic Animals." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 401–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_20.
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Arundel, J. H. "Cestode Infections of Domestic Animals." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 479–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_24.
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Beesley, William N. "Insect Infestations of Domestic Animals." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 551–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_29.
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Drummond, Roger O. "Acarine Infestation of Domestic Animals." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 567–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_30.
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Marriner, Susan, and James Armour. "Nematode Infections of Domestic Animals: Gastrointestinal Infections." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 287–305. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_14.
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Blair, Lyndia Slayton, and Thomas R. Klei. "Nematode Infections of Domestic Animals: Extraintestinal Infections." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 307–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_15.
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McDougald, L. R. "Protozoan Infections of Domestic Animals: Coccidian and Related Infections." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 159–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Animal Parasitic Diseases"
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Safiullin, R. T., S. K. Shibitov, and R. R. Safiullin. "EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON THE CONTAMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS WITH INVASIVE ELEMENTS ON THE CATTLE FARM OF THE MOSCOW REGION." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.420-425.
Full textAbstract:
The study of the epizootic situation on the contamination of environmental objects
with invasive elements on the livestock farm of the Moscow Region showed its
contamination with parasitic protozoa oocysts and cysts, and helminth eggs and
larvae which was directly affected by infection of the livestock with the above
parasites and the quality of therapeutic and prophylactic and veterinary and sanitary
measures. The objects of the external environment most contaminated with invasive
elements of parasitic protozoa and helminths were the floor of stalls and passages
in the premises for keeping animals. The stall walls and animal feeders were less
contaminated with parasitic protozoa oocysts and cysts or helminth eggs or larvae.
It should be noted that, the epizootic process for parasitic protozoa: Buxtonella,
Cryptosporidium, Eimeria and Strongylata of the digestive tract, was permanent
on the examined livestock farm of the Moscow Region, since all of its components
were in place: the source of invasion was infected animals; transmission factors were
environmental objects contaminated with invasive elements and susceptible animals, especially young animals. An analysis was performed of the plan of preventive antiepizootic measures of this farm in relation to parasitic diseases in terms of diagnostic
tests for parasitosis, and therapeutic-and-prophylactic and veterinary-sanitary
treatments.
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Vasilevich, F. I., E. A. Nikolaeva, and I. I. Tsepilova. "ENDOPARASITE FAUNA OF SMALL CATTLE IN SOME AREAS OF THE MOSCOW REGION." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.128-132.
Full textAbstract:
Significant economic damage is annually caused to agriculture by parasitic diseases
of livestock animals. It is necessary to regular monitor the spread of endoparasites
in small cattle on the territory of various subjects of the Russian Federation in order
to subsequently improve control measures and ongoing therapeutic and preventive
measures, as well as to detect resistance in various helminth species and genera to
active ingredients of modern anthelmintics used. Research was carried out to study
the endoparasite fauna of small cattle on the peasant farm and private subsidiary plots
of the Podolsk, Voskresensk and Ramensk city districts of the Moscow Region. Feces
were taken individually from each animal: 50 sheep, and goats (24 lactating goats and
9 baby goats kept together). Based on the studies, it was found that the sheep were
infected with pathogens of gastrointestinal nematode infections as follows: 76% of
the suborder Strongylata; 26%, the genus Nematodirus; 4%, the genus Trichocephalus
spp.; 62%, protozoa of the genus Eimeria, and the milking and young goats by 87.8%
pathogens of the suborder Strongylata and protozoa from the genus Eimeria (EI =
15.2%), which indicates a high infection rate of these pathogens in small cattle.
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Pimenov, I. A. "GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE FAUNA IN SMALL CATTLE IN THE EUROPEAN RUSSIA." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.322-327.
Full textAbstract:
Gastrointestinal nematodes of small cattle are common in all Russian regions and cause diseases that can have a pronounced negative effect on the animal body. In this regard, obtaining data on the species composition of nematodes dwelling in the digestive tract of small cattle in different regions of the European part of the Russian Federation is of great scientific and practical interest since it will allow for the right strategy to control them. The study material was collected in slaughterhouses in the Moscow Region where animals were delivered from the Oryol, Astrakhan and Moscow Regions, the Republic of Dagestan and the Stavropol Territory from January to October 2023. For helminthological dissections, we used kits of gastrointestinal tracts of the sheep and goats collected immediately after slaughter. Nematodes of the species Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta were found in all of the above Regions; nematodes of the species Haemonchus contortus were found in the Moscow and Astrakhan Regions as well as the Republic of Dagestan; and nematodes of the species Marshallagia marshalli were only found in the Astrakhan Region and the Republic of Dagestan. In addition to data on the species composition of gastrointestinal parasitic nematode fauna in small cattle, prevalence and infection intensity rates were determined in the above Regions of the European Russia.
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Tsepilova, I. I., B. K. Laipanov, and I. S. Shcherbakova. "INFECTION OF LIVESTOCK ANIMALS WITH PARASITES IN THE CONDITIONS OF PEASANT FARMING IN THE MOSCOW REGION." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.508-512.
Full textAbstract:
The socio-economic role in the development of peasant farming in the current
conditions of import substitution will certainly increase, especially in filling local
and regional markets with agricultural products. The limiting factor of farms of
any form of ownership are parasitic diseases. Studies on the infection of livestock
animals were carried out at a peasant farm enterprise of the Dmitrov City District
of the Moscow Region. Feces were taken individually from each animal: cattle (70
lactating cows, and 32 young bulls on fattening), goats (15 milk goats, and 12 baby
goats kept together), 10 Vietnamese pot–bellied pigs, 2 horses and ponies. Based
on the conducted studies, it was found that the cattle, namely the lactating cows
and bulls on fattening were infected by pathogens of gastrointestinal strongylatosis
by 14.3 and 50%, and the milk and young goats, by 100%, which indicates a high
infection rate of these pathogens in ruminants. Also, the nematode Strongyloides
papillosus (IP=80%) and protozoa from the genus Eimeria (IP=53%) were identified
in the mature goats. In the Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs, horses and ponies, the most common helminth infections were identified, namely: Oesophagostomum (IP=50%)
and Ascaris suum (IP=80%) and pathogens from the Strongylata suborder, respectively.
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Panova, D. S., and O. A. Panova. "EXPERIENCE OF SANITATION OF LIVESTOCK FARMS WITH PARASITOSIS." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.343-348.
Full textAbstract:
Parasitic diseases cause significant damage to livestock affecting the productivity and
clinical condition of sheep and goats. The purpose of our research was to provide a
comprehensive diagnosis of endoparasites in ruminants kept on a private livestock
farm in the Moscow Region, and to develop and propose a scheme of therapeutic
and preventive measures. Fifty five fecal samples were studied: 19 samples from cows
(4 from calves, 15 from adults), 24 from goats (10 from goatlings, 14 from adults), 12
from sheep (all age groups were kept together). Fecal samples were taken individually
from the cows and goats, and by a group method from the sheep. The samples were
examined on the sampling day by the flotation method. The therapy was carried
out on a group of goatlings with intense Eimeria spp. infection using toltrazuril at
a dose of 15 mg/kg once daily for 3 consecutive days. The adult sheep and goats
were given a combined preparation with praziquantel 15 mg and ivermectin 3 mg
per 10 kg of animal weight, as a single dose. Fourteen days after helminth therapy,
toltrazuril was prescribed at a dose of 15 mg/kg once a day for 2 consecutive days.
Toltrazuril was administered individually, and the anthelmintic was chosen in the
form of a suspension - it was given to the goats individually, and to the sheep by a
group method in food. Fecal samples from the goatlings were examined on day 7
after the anticoccidial drug, and fecal samples from the adult animals were examined
on day 14 after the anthelmintic therapy and on day 7 after the anticoccidial drug.
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Kolokolova, O. I. "MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF BUXTONELLA SULCATA." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.186-190.
Full textAbstract:
Buxtonella sulcata is a single-celled parasite causing a protozoa disease that is widespread throughout the world, buxtonellosis of animals such as cattle, Asiatic buffalo and double-humped camel; and foreign sources describe the disease in small cattle (sheep and goats). Buxtonella sulcata is an opportunistic parasite affecting the walls of the large bowel including the caecum walls in immunocompromised animals and young animals, which causes diarrhea in infected animals. Diarrhea leads to a decrease in animal growth, emaciation, dehydration and, if not treated in a timely manner, death. The parasite oocysts are resistant to various environmental conditions and chemicals. Infection occurs when oocysts enter the gastrointestinal tract of an animal with water or food, or sanitary and hygienic standards for keeping animals are violated, or when young animals lick contaminated partitions and walls in the room. This article examines morphology and biology of the Buxtonella development, its size, and differences from other protozoan parasites, which is necessary for differential diagnosis, timely animal treatment and parasite control.
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Talovskaya, O. B., O. A. Shelepova, E. A. Udaltsov, and I. M. Zubareva. "FEATURES OF POSTMORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTICERCOSIS IN LIVESTOCK ANIMALS AT ENTERPRISES OF VARIOUS TYPES." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.458-462.
Full textAbstract:
The article highlights some features of the long-term dynamics of infection of
livestock animals with cysticercosis. Significant differences are shown in the
detection of cysticercosis in pigs and cattle in postmortem diagnostics at enterprises
of various types. An analysis of the epizootic situation on cysticercosis of livestock
animals was carried out using materials from the veterinary and sanitary examination
of raw materials and products of animal origin (Form 5-vet) for 2009–2020. The infection of animals with Cysticercus cellulosaе and Cysticercus bovis was assessed
using the conventional method. It was established that the Novosibirsk Region was
contaminated with cysticercosis of livestock animals. Finnosis of cattle is recorded
annually with infection rate varying from 0.09 to 0.01%, however, cysticercosis of
pigs has been detected since 2018. The average cysticercosis infection rate in cattle
and pigs was 0.03 and 0.005%, respectively. The leading role in the postmortem
diagnostics of finnosis in cattle belongs to meat processing plants. During the
research period at meat processing plants, slaughterhouses and markets, 814, 59 and
93 cases of finnosis in cattle were identified respectively, which was 84.0, 6.0 and
10.0%. Cysticercosis of pigs is more often recorded at slaughterhouses (53.0%) and
markets (47.0% of carcasses).
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Rusu, Stefan. "Diversitatea parazitofaunei animalelor sălbatice și celor domestice din diverse biotopuri naturale și antropizate ale Republicii Moldova." In International Symposium "Actual problems of zoology and parasitology: achievements and prospects". Institute of Zoology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975665902.07.
Full textAbstract:
The study of the diversity of the parasitophauna in wild and domestic animals from various natural and anthropic biotopes of the Republic of Moldova allowed revealing that 80,8% of such animals were infested with mix forms of parasites, in diverse associations from two till five parasite agents. The obtained results suggest that the parasitophauna of the wild animals (deers, roedeers, bisons) roughly correspond to the parasitophauna of the domestic animals (cattle, sheep) pasturing in the neighboring regions. The analysis of the parasitological data show that the parasitic agents could be attributed into two groups: those obligate for wild animals and those common for the wild and wild animals. The high level of infestation of the wild ruminants with fasciolas, dicrocelium, intestinal and pulmonary strongyles, protista as well as the presence of the intermediary and complementary hosts demonstrate again that these take part in maintaining the epizootic chain of diseases and have a huge impact on infesting the domestic animals. In this way, the ambient environment plays an important role in maintaining the epizootic chain of the parasitic infections. The recent parasitic research conducted in domestic and wild animals in Moldova reveal the conversed situation – the wild and domestic animals are reciprocally infested by various parasitic agents while pasturing on the same territory.
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Suleimenov, M. Z., O. B. Berkinbay, and B. B. Omarov. "PARASITE FAUNA OF THE PERSIAN GAZELLE (GAZELLA SUBGUTTUROSA GULDENSTADT, 1780)." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.394-398.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents data from studies on intestinal parasites of Persian gazelles in the Altyn-Emel State National Natural Park. In the Park, Persian gazelles were found to have 6 parasite species including 1 eimeria species, E. elegans, 1 cestode species, Avitellina centripunctata, and 4 nematode species, Setaria labiatopapillosa, Nematodirus gazellae, Nematodirella gazellae and Trichocephalus skrjabini. The eimeria infection rate in Persian gazelles was 37.5%, with the infection intensity of 11±3 oocysts. 12.5% of the Persian gazelles were infected with Avitellina; two cestode eggs were found from each animal. Nematodiruses infected 25.0% of the animals; the nematode infection intensity was 19±7 eggs. Nematodirella also infected 25.0% of the Persian gazelles, but the invasion intensity was less than 7±2 eggs. The trichocephalian infection was 37.5% in the animals with the infection intensity of 9±3 eggs. Twenty-three setaria specimens were found on serous membranes of the intestine, liver, pancreas, and diaphragm. Eimeria (Eimeria elegans) is strictly specific and only parasitizes on Persian gazelles. Cestodes (Avitellina centripunctata) and nematodes (Setaria labiatopapillosa, Nematodirus gazellae, Nematodirella gazellae, Trichocephalus skrjabini) are not specific species; they are found in other wild and domestic animals. The role of the Persian gazelle in the spread of helminthiasis in livestock animals is insignificant. Firstly, the number of Persian gazelles is limited; they live in hard-to-reach limited pasture areas and do not make continuous migrations. Secondly, the helminth fauna in Persian gazelles is poorer as compared to the helminth fauna in domestic animals.
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Shelyakin, I. D., S. N. Semenov, and L. V. Cheskidova. "THE STUDY ON SAFETY (TOLERANCE) OF UNICOCCIDUM ON RABBITS." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.457-461.
Full textAbstract:
Preclinical study of new medicines allows us to determine their specific pharmacological activity, indications for use and contraindications. However, in addition to the efficacy, the choice of a drug depends on its safety profile. The research purpose was to study tolerance (safety) of the anticoccidial drug Unicoccidum on rabbits. The experiment was conducted on rabbits divided into 3 groups. Animals of the first group (n = 6) (control) were prescribed no drugs; rabbits of the second group (n = 8) were administered Unicoccidum once orally, individually, at a therapeutic dose (0.4 mL/kg); and rabbits of the third group (n = 7) were administered the drug at a five-fold therapeutic dose (2.0 mL/kg). Blood for the study was taken from the rabbits’ auricular veins at 7 days after Unicoccidum. The cellular composition of peripheral blood was determined using standard cell counting techniques. Hemoglobin, total protein, urea, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, bilirubin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-GT were determined with Vital kits (Saint Petersburg) using a Hitachi-902 biochemical analyzer. It was found that Unicoccidum in the studied doses did not significantly affect the clinical status, behavior, or appetite of the rabbits. Morphological and biochemical blood parameters in the experimental animals did not differ from the control and were within the physiological range for this animal species. Thus, Unicoccidum has good tolerance and is safe for animals.
Reports on the topic "Animal Parasitic Diseases"
1
Kokolova, L. M., L. Y. Gavrilieva, S. M. Stepanova, S. V. Dulova, and I. I. Romanov. RESEARCH OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN FISHING ANIMALS IN THE ECOSYSTEM OF THE FAR NORTH. Ljournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2108-1986-gelmint.
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Pine Processionary Moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228697.
Full textAbstract:
The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa; PPM) is native to southern Europe, North Africa and parts of the Middle East, but has expanded northwards into several European countries. The larvae feed on conifer needles, causing severe defoliation and weakening trees, making them more susceptible to other pests and diseases. The urticating setae of older larvae pose significant health risks to humans and animals, causing skin and respiratory issues. While no classical biological control programs specifically target PPM, several natural enemies show promise. Key parasitoids include the egg parasitoids Baryscapus servadeii and Ooencyrtus pityocampae, the larval parasitoid Phryxe caudata and the pupal parasitoids Villa brunnea and Coelichneumon rudis. These parasitoids exhibit variable parasitism rates depending on region and conditions. Additionally, the ground beetle Calosoma sycophanta has been used in augmentative releases for control, demonstrating potential for classical biological control in areas where it does not naturally exist.
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Noga, Edward J., Angelo Colorni, Michael G. Levy, and Ramy Avtalion. Importance of Endobiotics in Defense against Protozoan Ectoparasites of Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586463.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Infectious disease is one of the most serious causes of economic loss in all sectors of aquaculture. There is a critical need to understand the molecular basis for protection against infectious disease so that safer, more reliable and more cost-effective strategies can be designed for their control. As part of this effort, the major goal of our BARD project was to determine the importance of endobiotics as a defense against protozoan ectoparasites in fish. Endobiotics, or antimicrobial polypeptides, are peptides and small proteins that are increasingly recognized as having a vital role in the innate defense of virtually all animals. One objective of our BARD project was to determine the antiparasitic potency of one specific group of endobiotics that were isolated from hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M chrysops). We found that these endobiotics, which we had previously named histone-like proteins (HLPs), exhibited potent activity against Amyloodinium and that the putative levels of HLPs in the skin were well within the levels that we found to be lethal to the parasite in vitro. We also found evidence for the presence of similar antibiotics in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Mediterranean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We also examined the effect of chronic stress on the expression of HLP in fish and found that HLP levels were dramatically decreased after only one week of a crowding/high ammonia sublethal stress. We also began to explore the feasibility of upregulating endobiotics via immunostimulation. However, we did not pursue this objective as fully as we originally intended because we spent a much larger effort than originally anticipated on the last objective, the attempted isolation of novel endobiotics from hybrid striped bass. In this regard, we purified and identified four new peptide endobiotics. These endobiotics, which we have named piscidins (from "Pisces" meaning fish), have potent, broad-spectrum activity against a number of both fish and human pathogens. This includes not only parasites but also bacteria. We also demonstrated that these peptides are present in the mast cell. This was the first time that the mast cell, the most common tissue granulocyte in vertebrates, was shown to possess any type of endobiotic. This finding has important implications in explaining the possible function of mast cells in the immune response of vertebrates. In summary, the research we have accomplished in this BARD project has demonstrated that endobiotics in fish have potent activity against many serious pathogens in aquaculture and that there is considerable potential to use these compounds as stress indicators in aquaculture. There is also considerable potential to use some of these compounds in other areas of medicine, including treatment of serious infectious diseases of humans and animals.
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Knowles, Donald, and Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz. Transfected Babesia bovis expressing the anti-tick Bm86 antigen as a vaccine to limit tick infestation and protect against virulent challenge. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598160.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Bovine babesiosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasites Babesiabovisand B. bigemina, is a major tick borne disease of cattle with significant economic importance globally. The vectors of Babesia parasites are R. (Boophilus) annulatusand R. microplus. In Israel these parasites are transmitted manly by R. annulatus. The main goal of the proposal was developing and testing a novel B. bovisvaccine based on stably transfected attenuated B. bovisexpressing the anti-tick Bm86 antigen. This required generating a transfected- attenuated B. bovisparasite containing a bidirectional promoter expressing both, the gfp- bsd selectable marker and the tick vaccine antigen Bm86. The vaccine was tested for its ability to elicit protective immune responses against T. annulatusticks. Efficient control of babesiosis is based on a complex scheme of integrated management, including preventive immunization, anti-babesial chemotherapy and control of tick populations. Live vaccines based on attenuated parasites are the most effective measure to control babesiosis, and are currently used in several countries, including Israel. Live attenuated parasites lead to a chronic infection and development of strong and long term immunity in vaccinated cattle. Still, live vaccines have several limitations, including the difficulty to distinguish among vaccinated and naturally infected cattle and potential for sporadic outbreaks in vaccinated animals. Tick limitation is essential to control babesiosis but the main measure to reduce tick infestation is traditionally approached using acaricides, which is limited by environmental concerns and the development of resistance by the ticks. Alternative tick-control measures including the use of anti-tick vaccines are emerging, and at least partial protective immunity has been achieved against tick vectors by vaccination with recombinant protective tick antigens (ie: Bm86). In addition, the Babesia vaccine development toolbox has been recently expanded with the development of transfection technology in Babesia parasites. In this approved proposal we successfully developed a Babesia live attenuated transfected vaccine, which is able to express a B. bovisMSA-1 signal-Bm86 chimera and eGFP genes under the control of the B. bovisef- 1 and actin promoters respectively. Genetic analysis demonstrated specific stable integration of the transfected genes in the expected ef-1 locus, and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed expression of Bm86 in the surface of transfected parasites. When applied to splenectomized calves, the transfected parasites were able to cause persistent B. bovisinfection with production of antibodies reactive with Bm86 for at least six months. In addition, partial protection against ticks was also observed upon challenging the vaccinated animals with R. annulatuslarvae. However, when used on intact calves, the vaccine failed to elicit detectable immune responses against Bm86, and we are still in the process of interpreting the data and make necessary changes in our experimental approaches. Overall, the results obtained here represent a step forward towards the development of integrated vaccines against both ticks and tick –borne pathogens, using the Babesia attenuated parasites as a platform to the delivery of exogenous protective antigens
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens, and Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
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Klement, Eyal, Elizabeth Howerth, William C. Wilson, David Stallknecht, Danny Mead, Hagai Yadin, Itamar Lensky, and Nadav Galon. Exploration of the Epidemiology of a Newly Emerging Cattle-Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Israel. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697118.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In September 2006 an outbreak of 'Bluetongue like' disease struck the cattle herds in Israel. Over 100 dairy and beef cattle herds were affected. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) (an Orbivirusclosely related to bluetongue virus (BTV)), was isolated from samples collected from several herds during the outbreaks. Following are the aims of the study and summary of the results: which up until now were published in 6 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Three more articles are still under preparation: 1. To identify the origin of the virus: The virus identified was fully sequenced and compared with the sequences available in the GenBank. It appeared that while gene segment L2 was clustered with EHDV-7 isolated in Australia, most of the other segments were clustered with EHDV-6 isolates from South-Africa and Bahrain. This may suggest that the strain which affected Israel on 2006 may have been related to similar outbreaks which occurred in north-Africa at the same year and could also be a result of reassortment with an Australian strain (Wilson et al. article in preparation). Analysis of the serological results from Israel demonstrated that cows and calves were similarly positive as opposed to BTV for which seropositivity in cows was significantly higher than in calves. This finding also supports the hypothesis that the 2006 EHD outbreak in Israel was an incursive event and the virus was not present in Israel before this outbreak (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Journal, 2011) 2. To identify the vectors of this virus: In the US, Culicoides sonorensis was found as an efficient vector of EHDV as the virus was transmitted by midges fed on infected white tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileusvirginianus) to susceptible WTD (Ruder et al. Parasites and Vectors, 2012). We also examined the effect of temperature on replication of EHDV-7 in C. sonorensis and demonstrated that the time to detection of potentially competent midges decreased with increasing temperature (Ruder et al. in preparation). Although multiple attempts were made, we failed to evaluate wild-caught Culicoidesinsignisas a potential vector for EHDV-7; however, our finding that C. sonorensis is a competent vector is far more significant because this species is widespread in the U.S. As for Israeli Culicoides spp. the main species caught near farms affected during the outbreaks were C. imicolaand C. oxystoma. The vector competence studies performed in Israel were in a smaller scale than in the US due to lack of a laboratory colony of these species and due to lack of facilities to infect animals with vector borne diseases. However, we found both species to be susceptible for infection by EHDV. For C. oxystoma, 1/3 of the Culicoidesinfected were positive 11 days post feeding. 3. To identify the host and environmental factors influencing the level of exposure to EHDV, its spread and its associated morbidity: Analysis of the cattle morbidity in Israel showed that the disease resulted in an average loss of over 200 kg milk per cow in herds affected during September 2006 and 1.42% excess mortality in heavily infected herds (Kedmi et al. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010). Outbreak investigation showed that winds played a significant role in virus spread during the 2006 outbreak (Kedmi et al. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2010). Further studies showed that both sheep (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Microbiology, 2011) and wild ruminants did not play a significant role in virus spread in Israel (Kedmi et al. article in preparation). Clinical studies in WTD showed that this species is highly susceptibile to EHDV-7 infection and disease (Ruder et al. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012). Experimental infection of Holstein cattle (cows and calves) yielded subclinical viremia (Ruder et al. in preparation). The findings of this study, which resulted in 6 articles, published in peer reviewed journals and 4 more articles which are in preparation, contributed to the dairy industry in Israel by defining the main factors associated with disease spread and assessment of disease impact. In the US, we demonstrated that sufficient conditions exist for potential virus establishment if EHDV-7 were introduced. The significant knowledge gained through this study will enable better decision making regarding prevention and control measures for EHDV and similar viruses, such as BTV.