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Journal articles on the topic 'Animal Parasitic Diseases'
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Kachanova and Belomytseva. "THE USE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AGAINST PARASITIC DISEASES OF ANIMALS." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 23 (April 18, 2022): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-9-9.2022.23.223-227.
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Today, the chemical method is one of the main methods for the prevention and treatment of animal against parasites. Chemical preparations and means for the treatment and prevention of parasitic diseases have a number of negative consequences for the host organism. For example, this is an intoxication of the body caused by the decay products of dead parasites and the influence of the constituent components of drugs. Chemicals that belong to the 4th hazard class are poisonous to living organisms. Therefore, they reduce the functioning of internal organs. In connection with the foregoing, the search for new methods of protection and treatment of animals from parasitic diseases remains relevant. Every year, the pollution of the planet with various chemicals is increasing. Therefore, we must consider alternative options for parasites control. Physical methods are among such new methods, including the use of electromagnetic waves (EMW). In our article, we analyzed the available Russian and foreign works on the use of electromagnetic waves for the treatment and prevention of invasive and non-invasive animal diseases. These works have shown that the use of EMW for the prevention and treatment of parasitic and non-contagious diseases of animals, as well as for the disinfestation of premises with animals, is an effective physical method.
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Muriu, Jian. "Impact of Parasites and Parasitic Diseases on Animal Health and Productivity." Journal of Animal Health 3, no. 1 (September 9, 2023): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jah.2100.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of parasites and parasitic diseases on animal health and productivity.
Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries
Findings: The study found that parasites and parasitic diseases have a significant impact on animal health and productivity across various species. Negative associations between parasitic infections and key indicators of health and productivity, such as weight gain, milk production, reproductive performance, wool quality, and egg quality. Animals with higher parasite burdens tend to experience slower growth rates, reduced fertility, compromised immune function, and increased susceptibility to other diseases. Additionally, parasitic infections can lead to poor feed conversion ratios, higher mortality rates, and decreased overall productivity in livestock and poultry farming operations
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on Resource Competition Theory which was proposed by Robert M. May in 1974 and Immunopathology Theory which was proposed by Zinkernagel and Doherty in 1974. The study recommends that Governments and regulatory bodies should develop and enforce policies that promote responsible parasite control practices in livestock production.
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Ghorbani, Alireza, and Yagoob Garedaghi. "An Overview of the Science of Parasitology Simply for the General Public." International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2023.03.
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Every year, millions of people in the world are infected with parasitic diseases, and the main conflict with parasitic diseases is in countries with hot and humid climates and low levels of hygiene. Parasites can damage human and animal communities in different ways, and these damages can be highly extensive. Parasites exist in microscopic and macroscopic forms, which are transmitted to humans and animals through different ways, including water, food, or insect bites. Controlling and examining the transmission ways of parasites is the most important way to prevent parasitic diseases. Although these control programs are being implemented today, one of the extremely important points in controlling parasites is that parasites are eukaryotic organisms, and treatment and control of these organisms is much more difficult compared to prokaryotic organisms. Accordingly, increasing public knowledge is the best way to deal with parasites.
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Shcherbak, O. V., and O. V. Semenko. "FERTILITY OF GOATS AFFECTED OF PARASITIC DISEASES." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.25.
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In modern conditions of management there is a need for systematical regulation of individual stages of the animal reproduction process in order to ensure the effective use of genetic resources of the breeding stock, planning of production processes and the timing of their implementation. One of the problems of the zootechnical and veterinary sciences are parasitic diseases and pathology parturition, which relates to the urgent issues of reducing the reproductive capacity of animals and inhibits the rapid development of livestock, in particular, goats breeding. In the case of a chronic course of parasitic diseases, animals do not enter hunting or note an inferior sexual cycle and, accordingly, farmers do not receive the applause and there are significant losses in milk productivity.
The purpose of our research was to consider the main indicators characterizing reproducible ability of goats and the preservation of the offsprings in the presence of parasitic diseases. For this purpose we have applied parasitological and zootechnical methods of research. We examined 98 goats from 25 individual farms in the city Borispol. It was established that only 4,1% of our investigated 98 goats were free from parasites. 12.3% of goats were affected by one type of worms (Trichostrongylus axei), 26.5% of goats were affected by two types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia punctata), 21.4% – by three types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata and Nematodirus spatiger, 20.4% – by four types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi), 10.2% – by five types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomym radiatum) and 6.1% – by six types of worms (Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Nematodirus spatiger, Ostertagia ostertagi Oesophagostomium radiatum, Bunostomum phlebotomum). All revealed worms belonged to the Strongylata order and were pathogens gastrointestinal Strongylata infections in goats. In 25.5% of the examined animals, a significant defeat of Trichodectidae ectoparasites was observed. The analysis of the results showed the need for parasitological studies of animals kept in individual farms. The death of the goats predominantly accounts for the first 20 days of their post-embryonal life, which we observed in 77.8% of cases of death of the goats born from goats that revealed the presence of parasitic diseases. 6.4% of the goats from the coughing-affected parasites were unsatisfactory with a low clinical development status. In goats free from parasites, all born goats have a satisfactory clinical condition with high development potential.
In the article we present the prospect of conducting further parasitological studies to ensure healthy clinical condition of animals, obtaining viable young animals and full realization of the productive potential of the animal.
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Curca, D., V. Andronie, I. Andronie, and D. Codreanu. "Animal stress and reactivity in parasitic diseases." Pathophysiology 5 (June 1998): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80868-7.
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Kassai, T., M. Cordero Del Campillo, J. Euzeby, S. Gaafar, Th Hiepe, and C. A. Himonas. "Standardized nomenclature of animal parasitic diseases (SNOAPAD)." Veterinary Parasitology 29, no. 4 (October 1988): 299–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(88)90148-3.
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Aleixo, Denise Lessa, Leoni Vilano Bonamin, and Silvana Marques De Araujo. "Homeopathy in parasitic diseases." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 11, no. 40 (December 21, 2021): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v11i40.589.
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Introduction: The use of homeopathic medicines has increased, once traditional medicines sometimes do not produce the desired effects and because side effects sometimes compromise the treatment. In recent years, research on homeopathy has clearly developed, both in the implementation of more consistent methodologies and in the description of the data and published methods, improvement are still required in these matters. The acknowledgment of homeopathy depends on the credibility of the groups researching this topic
Objective: list and criticize articles highlighting main effects, schedule of treatment and potencies used in different animals models.
Material and Methods: A review of articles published since 2000 in journals indexed in the PubMed/Scielo databases was performed. Keywords used were parasitosis/homeopathy and parasitosis/ultra-diluted, in English and Portuguese. Specialized journals such as Homeopathy, International Journal of High Dilution Research, and Brazilian Homeopathic Journal were also used. The contents of each issue of these journals were examined for the "Use of highly diluted medication in parasitic infections."
Results and Discussion: Thirty nine papers have been gathered. The methodology of the articles surveyed did not meet the requirements listed in the REHBaR[1]. Thirty seven reports have shown the benefits/effects of highly diluted medicine in the treatment of infectious diseases. In models where experimental conditions are carefully controlled, the conclusions follow the same pattern as those observed in the treatment of farm animals, where, even without completely controlled conditions, clinical result is positive. In fourteen reports using the same model, eight where animals were treated in a constant and prolonged way shown a better result, compared with six reports in which animals were treated for a short period of time, receiving a single daily dose. Several authors have conducted clinical trials using commercial formulas, which do not always provide their composition and/or dynamization, making it difficult to reproducing the experiment. In some of the articles, it was not mentioned if the experiments were repeated at least twice.
Conclusions: In parasitic infections, the effect of homeopathic medications is still controversial, and the experimental parameters for evaluation shoud be carefully chosen to avoid isolated analyses of data. Researchers should consider results regarding environmental and sanitary conditions of the animal as a whole. The improvement of techniques and expansion of knowledge about highly diluted medicines may lead to a viable alternative to treat parasitic infections. Precise and detailed descriptions will contribute to advances in the use of homeopathy, so that the wider community can benefit, in practice, from these findings.
Keywords: homeopathy, parasitic infections, CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine).
Reference
[1] Lüdtke R, Musial F, Wijk R, Witt C, Baumgartner S. Reporting experiments in homeopathic basic research (REHBaR) – A detailed guideline for authors. Homeopathy. 2009; 98:287-298.
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Petricevic, Sasa, Tamara Ilic, and Sanda Dimitrijevic. "Contemporary models and prospects of control of parasitic diseases." Veterinarski glasnik 61, no. 5-6 (2007): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0706337p.
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Economic, social and expert-scientific factors determine activities in connection with the development of the control of parasitic infections in the upcoming period of the 21st century. The primary research activities are directed at studies of the physiological functions of parasites and the ecological relations between the parasite and the host, and all that is undertaken with the objective of securing adequate pharmacotherapy/pharmacoprophylaxis and immunoprophilaxis. As there is a huge expansion in the synthesis of chemical compounds, there is a great number of potential substances for use in the form of a medicine. Along these lines, activities concerning the development of new antiparasitics and/or modification of existing ones are primarily based on securing a quality target spot for its action. Another possibility in the area of research is connected to the problem of resistance of parasites and intensive studies of the biochemical-physiological characteristics of parasites, as well as the development of an active epidemiological-episootiological network for monitoring resistance. In parallel with the development of medicines, the results of investigations of physiological functions of parasites and their mutual relations with their host, are intensely used for the development of immunological control, and the development of vaccines (for example, the development of vaccines for the control of coccidiosis, babesiosis, echinococcosis). The second important approach is related to studies of parasitic zoonoses, the effect of global warming on the epidemiological-episootiological characteristics of parasitic diseases and the selection of resistant animal breeds/hybrids. Animal welfare is also of importance, the perfecting of reliable, rapid and less-costly methods for diagnosing parasitic diseases and the development of in vitro methods for the examination of resistance to antiparasitics.
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Yusuf, Kedir. "Ethno Veterinary Approaches on Control and Treating Parasitic Diseases." Journal of Research in Complementary Medicine 1, no. 1 (2024): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jrcm.20231023083805.
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In most African countries livestock contribute 30% of total agricultural gross domestic product. More than 60% of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Parasitic worms or helminths occur worldwide parasitizing the body of humans and domesticated and wild animals. Conventional medicine is a remedy or drug used for diagnosis, treatment of disease and for maintenance of health of an animal. Continuous use of these drugs has resulted in the development of resistance by some internal parasites. “The ability of parasites to survive doses of drugs that would normally kill parasites of the same species and stage”. In general, most of the Ethno-botanical remedies are considered as economical and safe. Furthermore, these remedies are easily available, simple to prepare and/or administer, at minute or free of cost to the farmer. Today many of the allopathic anthelmintics available in the market are either not effective or have induced resistance, resulting in recurrence of parasitic infestations. External parasites affecting different animals are ticks, mites, lice and fleas. Extract the active compounds from the medicinal plants and then test their anthelmintic activity, through in vitro and in vivo systems. Traditional medicine in Ethiopia has been widely used by various ethnic groups, about 90% of livestock population depends on traditional medicine and most of it comes from plants. Herbal medicine has not been documented adequately in Ethiopia and there is a danger that this knowledge will soon be lost as traditional social patterns are increasingly disturbed by globalization, environmental degradation, agricultural expansion, cultivation of marginal lands and urbanization.
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Odeniran, P. O., I. O. Ademola, and D. A. Oyelade. "Animal parasitic diseases and treatment strategies at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 45, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.10.
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The epidemiology and management of parasitic diseases are essential in its strategic control. A 20-year retrospective study of parasitic diseases among dogs, ruminants, and wildlife at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Ibadan, Nigeria from January 1997 to September 2016 was analysed. Case files totaling 3,013 were retrieved from small animal clinics, University of Ibadan farm and the zoological garden units, respectively were examined. The VTH and client’s locations were determined using qGIS. The prevalence of parasitic diseases in dogs examined revealed 20.6% (95% CI: 19.2- 22.2) with a peak prevalence of 76.5% (95% CI: 50.1-93.2) in 2002. Puppies (≤ 6 months) had significantly higher (P < 0.05) parasitic diseases compared to adult dogs. The ruminant case files revealed a total prevalence of 53.9% (95%CI: 43.0-64.6) with large ruminants having significantly higher (P = 0.013) prevalence compared to small ruminants. Total prevalence of 63.3% (95%CI: 46.8-81.4) was observed in animals from the zoological garden. The prevalence of parasitic diseases between 2001-2004 was the highest with 41.9%, while the least prevalence was between 2009-2012 with 14.9%. Records for large animal units were highest between 2009-2012 with a prevalence of 85%, while university zoological gardens records showed the highest prevalence (88.9%) of parasitic diseases between 2009-2012. In all the units, infection with helminth was significantly higher as observed in the importance index when compared to other parasitic diseases. For helminthosis, the common drugs administered were levamisole, ivermectin and piperazine in that order depending on the species and age of animals. Regular deworming, public health education and proper prophylactic treatment are recommended for dog owners while improved management practices and engagement of veterinarians are advocated in the farm and zoological garden as efficient ways of controlling parasitic diseases.
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TIJJANI, HABIBU, Hafsat Abdulkarim, Ahmed Olatunde, Muhammad Muhammad, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Mithun Rudrapal, Kabiru Ibrahim Karamba, and Auwalu Uba. "Nanotherapeutics of phytoconstituents for parasitic diseases: a short review." Gadau Journal of Pure and Allied Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/gjpas.v1i1.2.
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The treatment of parasitic diseases is multifaceted. The control methods require a complex interplay involving experts in public health, government policies, education, and medical sciences. Several strategies used in the treatment of parasitic diseases are considered and they are based on the availability, effectiveness, affordability, and acceptability of the used drug. Other measures include effective elimination of vector, and animal reservoirs. Interestingly, new strategies and approaches for the treatment of parasitic diseases involve nanomedical encapsulation of drugs and active compounds. Furthermore, genome, cells, and signal pathways targeting have been used for preventing and treating parasitic diseases. These approaches are used for diagnosis, and treatments of disease and to gain increased understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. Phytocompounds such as flavonoids and others are used in nanotherapeutics for treating parasitic diseases as they prevent oxidation of a liable substrate in a system, among other beneficial properties. Therefore, the present review highlights the use of several phytocompounds in nanotherapeutics to treat diseases caused by parasites.
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AMBROISE-THOMAS, P. "Parasitic diseases and immunodeficiencies." Parasitology 122, S1 (March 2001): S65—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000017339.
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In the last two decades, major immunodeficiency syndromes have strongly influenced medical parasitology. Some animal parasitoses, once unknown in human medicine, have become zoonotic and sometimes anthroponotic. In other cases, the clinical evolution of human parasitoses has been severely aggravated and/or modified in immunodeficient patients especially in toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, leishmaniasis, strongyloidiasis and scabies. The parasites implicated are varied (protozoa, helminths and even Acaridae) but have in common the capacity to reproduce in or on the human host. These immunodeficiency syndromes are often related to AIDS but other major immunodepressions, such as post-therapeutically in organ transplantation, may also be responsible and raise difficult problems for prevention. The immunological mechanisms involved are not always well understood. In addition, genetic predisposition factors, gradually becoming better-understood in parasites and man, complete and complicate our understanding of the immunological mechanisms.
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Boisvenue, R. J. "Human parasitic diseases of animal origin, epidemiological features." Veterinary Parasitology 19, no. 1-2 (January 1986): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(86)90045-2.
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Bagster, Amy, and Hany Elsheikha. "UK parasite risk factors and control challenges." Companion Animal 27, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2022.0006.
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Endemic and emerging parasites pose a risk to companion animals and their owners. Emerging parasites can also impose a significant public health burden. The discovery of new parasites, the insurgence of endemic ones, and the emergence of new information has made managing parasitic diseases a topical subject for veterinarians, who are now starting to see more patients with these diseases. Better understanding of the extent and burden of parasites on animals and humans is essential for control interventions. This article discusses the known risk factors of UK parasites in the current literature, use of parasiticides in small animal medicine, known challenges to effective parasite control, risks of parasiticides and current guidelines surrounding their use.
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Holmes, P. H. "Pathophysiology of parasitic infections." Parasitology 94, S1 (January 1987): S29—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000085814.
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SUMMARYParasites can have a wide range of pathophysiological effects on the host. This review describes those associated with some parasites of major importance in man and animals. Haemoprotozoan diseases such as trypanosomiasis and malaria are primarily associated with anaemia. Such anaemias have a complex aetiology involving various mechanisms responsible for red cell destruction as well as possible defects in red cell production. In addition to these haematological effects these diseases are associated with marked disturbances in heart function and the nervous, immune and urinary systems. The other major groups of parasitic diseases are those associated with the gastrointestinal tract. The most advanced studies have been conducted on the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep and have revealed significant effects on feed intake, gastrointestinal function, and protein and energy metabolism. Similar studies have yet to be conducted in other hosts and parasitic diseases. There is also a need to examine in greater detail the factors which can modulate pathophysiological responses by the host to parasitic infections.
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Yahia, Samah H., Samia E. Etewa, Abd Allah A. Al Hoot, Salwa Z. Arafa, Nesreen S. Saleh, Mohamed H. Sarhan, Suzan I. Rashad, and Shimaa S. Hassan. "Investigating the Occurrence of Soil-Transmitted Parasites Contaminating Soil, Vegetables, and Green Fodder in the East of Nile Delta, Egypt." Journal of Parasitology Research 2023 (June 6, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6300563.
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Background. Food-borne parasites are major sources of human and animal illness, posing severe health risks in places with contaminated soil, poor water quality, cleanliness, and poor sanitation. The usage of untreated organic fertilizers arising from the excreta of the parasites’ definitive hosts either man or animal pollutes the agricultural soil and is reflected in its products of vegetables and green fodders causing serious health problems. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this will be the first study that investigated the combination of parasitic contamination of the agricultural soil and its products of raw eaten vegetables and green fodder in East Nile Delta, Egypt. Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type and degree of contamination caused by parasites in regularly used raw vegetables, green fodder, and soil samples collected from open fields in Egypt’s East Nile Delta. Study Procedures. A cross-sectional study comprised a simple random collection of 400 soil samples, 180 green fodder samples, and as well as 400 vegetable samples, including lettuce, radish, coriander, parsley, dill, watercress, tomatoes, green pepper, cucumber, and carrot, that were gathered throughout one year period from January to December 2021 to represent all seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). The research locations were chosen from various open green fields and farming regions in Egypt’s East Nile Delta producing ready-to-eat vegetables for human consumptions and planting green fodder for animal feeding. Concentrations, including sedimentation, and flotation, and staining techniques were used to recover the greatest number of parasitic life forms. The parasitic structures discovered were identified using biometric and imaging data and compared with known parasite morphology. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software version 22 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Data were presented in numbers and percentages. P -values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The difference in parasitic contamination among the different categories was compared using the chi-square test. Results. In this investigation, 243 out of 400 soil samples (60.7%) confirmed positive for parasitic contamination ( P < 0.05 ). Various parasitic life forms were significantly found in 249 out of 400 (62.25%) of the vegetable samples, with (65.1%) of them harboring one parasite species, whereas 9.2% significantly contained up to three parasites. Ascaris eggs, Trichuris eggs, and Giardia cysts were the most prevalent parasites, which were predominantly isolated from vegetables with uneven surfaces. 109 of 180 (60.0%) green fodder samples confirmed insignificantly positive for parasitic pollution. The proportion of parasite contamination in vegetable samples was insignificant although the highest was in spring (29.3%), followed by summer (27.7%), whereas it is significant in autumn (24.5%). The prevalence rate was the lowest in winter (20.1%). Conclusion and Recommendations. Our findings demonstrated a significant load of parasites notably the soil-transmitted parasitic infection in raw vegetables and green fodder cultivated in open fields as well as in their mother soil in the east of the Nile Delta, Egypt. These results confirm the urgent need to deploy strict control measures to the soil, especially during the pre-harvest period of raw eaten vegetables and green fodder, a critical step in reducing food-borne transmission of soil-transmitted parasites to man and animals.
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Tsokana, Constantina N., Isaia Symeonidou, Georgios Sioutas, Athanasios I. Gelasakis, and Elias Papadopoulos. "Current Applications of Digital PCR in Veterinary Parasitology: An Overview." Parasitologia 3, no. 3 (September 6, 2023): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3030028.
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Digital PCR (dPCR) is an emerging technology that enables the absolute quantification of the targeted nucleic acids. The body of research on the potential applications of this novel tool is growing in human and veterinary medicine. Most of the research on dPCR applications in veterinary parasitology is concentrated on developing and validating new assays to detect and quantify parasites of great financial impact in the food-producing animal industry. Several studies describe the utility of dPCR for individualized medicine in companion animals. Most frequently, dPCR performance is assessed compared to quantitative PCR or Next Generation Sequencing platforms, while others also compare the accuracy of dPCR with traditional parasitological techniques considered gold standard methods. Other researchers describe dPCR assays for surveillance purposes, species identification, and quantification in mixed parasitic infections, the detection of mutations indicative of anthelmintic resistance, and the identification of new targets for drug development. This review provides an overview of the studies that employed dPCR in investigating animal parasites and parasitic diseases from a veterinary perspective and discusses how this novel technology could advance and facilitate diagnosis, surveillance, and the monitoring of response to treatment, or shed light on current gaps in our knowledge of the epidemiology of significant veterinary parasitic diseases.
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Pal, Mahendra, Dinaol Tolawak, and Yagoob Garedaghi. "A Comprehensive Review on Major Zoonotic Parasites From Dogs and Cats." International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.2023.02.
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Zoonotic diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, including birds. These diseases are transmitted through several routes and are reported in developing and developed nations of the world. The dogs and cats also act as the reservoirs of a large number of parasitic zoonoses, including toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, toxocariasis, and cryptosporidiosis. The roles of pet animals (cats and dogs) in transmitting human infections have been recognized worldwide. Since most of these parasites have an oral-fecal transmission cycle, the transmission of these zoonotic agents could occur through indirect contact with animal feces, contaminated water, and food, or direct contact with infected animals. In addition, the soil is an important route for the transmission of human pathogens. In socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, the poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding, together with a lack of veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness, exacerbate the risks of disease transmission. Traditional husbandry and inadequate management practices, the mixing of wild animals with farm animals, and unrestricted movement and living pastoralists with their animals can all contribute to the development of zoonotic diseases. Therefore, veterinarians are thought to be on the ‘front line’ of the prevention of pet animal-associated zoonotic parasitic infections.
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Deiana, Giovanna, Antonella Arghittu, Marco Dettori, and Paolo Castiglia. "One World, One Health: Zoonotic Diseases, Parasitic Diseases, and Infectious Diseases." Healthcare 12, no. 9 (April 29, 2024): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12090922.
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When we take into account how the boundaries between human, animal, and environmental health are inextricably linked and increasingly intertwined, it comes as no surprise that the One Health approach has assumed an unprecedented level of importance over the past decade [...]
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Kokolova, Gavrilieva, Stepanova, Dulova, and Sivtseva. "PARASITES AND PARASITIC DISEASES IN DOMESTIC REINDEER OF YAKUTIA." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.254-260.
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Reindeer husbandry is the basis of the economy and way of life, the traditional occupation of the indigenous inhabitants of the North, Siberia and the Far East, and the most important branch of animal husbandry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Reindeer husbandry is associated with the cultural traditions, lifestyle and economy of the small national communities of the north. Yakutia is the traditional centre and the region of breeding domestic reindeer. Further development of reindeer husbandry, and increasing of the productivity and profitability of reindeer husbandry in Yakutia are impossible without proper organization and effective protection of domestic reindeer from various diseases, including parasitic ones, which cause significant damage to reindeer farms in the Republic. Reindeer are infected with 37 species of helminths. The results of the research of the authors of the article showed that all the studied deer had different types of helminths, and 100% were infected with gadfly larvae. The most frequent parasitic diseases in deer are monieziasis, larval echinococcosis, parenchymal, muscular and serosal cysticercosis, dictyocaulosis, nematodirellosis and elaphostrongylosis; moreover other parasitoses – edemagenosis and cephenomyosis – are recorded in 100% of deer. The authors of the article consider the infection of deer with larvae of subcutaneous and nasopharyngeal gadflies to be the number one problem.
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Kolářová, Iva, Isabelle Florent, and Andrea Valigurová. "Parasitic Protists: Diversity of Adaptations to a Parasitic Lifestyle." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081560.
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Parasitic protists cause some of the most well-known human and animal diseases such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, amoebic meningitis, sleeping sickness, leishmaniosis, and diarrheal illness of protozoan origin (e [...]
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Atehmengo, Ngongeh L., and Chiejina S. Nnagbo. "Emerging Animal Parasitic Diseases: A Global Overview and Appropriate Strategies for their Monitoring and Surveillance in Nigeria." Open Microbiology Journal 8, no. 1 (October 2, 2014): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801408010087.
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Emerging animal parasitic diseases are reviewed and appropriate strategies for efficient monitoring and surveillance in Nigeria are outlined. Animal and human parasitic infections are distinguished. Emerging diseases have been described as those diseases that are being recognised for the first time or diseases that are already recorded but their frequency and/or geographic range is being increased tremendously. Emergence of new diseases may be due to a number of factors such as the spread of a new infectious agent, recognition of an infection that has been in existence but undiagnosed, or when it is realised that an established disease has an infectious origin. The terms could also be used to describe the resurgence of a known infection after its incidence had been known to have declined. Emerging infections are compounding the control of infectious diseases and huge resources are being channeled to alleviate the rising challenge. The diseases are numerous and include helminth, protozoal / rickettsial and entomological. A list of parasitic emerging diseases in Nigeria is included. Globally occurring emerging parasitic diseases are also outlined. Emerging and re-emerging infections can be brought about by many factors including climate change and global warming, changes in biodiversity, population mobility, movement of animals, globalisation of commerce/trade and food supply, social and cultural factors such as food eating habits, religious beliefs, farming practices, trade of infected healthy animals, reduction in the available land for animals, immune-suppressed host and host density and misuse or over use of some drugs leading to drug resistance.
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Kapil, Sanjay. "Companion Animal Medicine: Evolving Infectious, Toxicological, and Parasitic Diseases." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 41, no. 6 (November 2011): xiii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.09.002.
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Zarlenga, Dante S. "Vaccinating against zoonotic parasitic diseases: myth or reality?" Animal Health Research Reviews 5, no. 2 (December 2004): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ahr200471.
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AbstractThe largely unanticipated difficulties of parasite vaccine development have led us to a renewed awareness of the survival strategies evolutionarily embedded within parasites over hundreds of millions of years. We have grown to appreciate that efforts to disrupt parasite–host relationships are substantially compounded by our incomplete understanding of the complex immune responses that occur in the naturally infected host. Given the inability to transfer laboratory successes to field trials, research is leading us to conclude that genetically defined animal models may not be good predictors of the unique and disparate protective immune responses one can expect from the genetically heterogeneous populations of animals that represent the parasite's natural environment. This is further compounded by the abundance of mechanisms parasites have created for themselves to defend against immune intervention. Thus, in the never-ending saga of vaccine development, it is only appropriate that pitfalls and advancements be critiqued as they apply across parasite groups, with a look towards promising technologies that may propel this field to the level of scientific achievement once envisaged.
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Gettinby, George. "Parasitic and infectious diseases: Epidemiology and ecology." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 24, no. 1 (July 1995): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(95)90014-4.
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LOZANO, João, Adriana ANA, Antonio Palomero SALINERO, Estevam Guilherme LUX HOPPE, Lídia GOMES, Adolfo PAZ-SILVA, Maria Teresa REBELO, and Luís MADEIRA DE CARVALHO. "Gastrointestinal Parasites of Free-Range Chickens – A Worldwide Issue." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 76, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0019.
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Gastrointestinal parasites with direct and/or indirect life cycles, namely Eimeria spp., Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria spp., are responsible for the most frequent and heavy economic losses in aviculture. The current review aimed to collect information about gastrointestinal parasites affecting poultry, as well as, research studies regarding parasitic diseases in free-range chicken production. From the references used in this review, 20% highlight research studies correlating prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range chickens and factors such as the production system, age and animal density, hygienic conditions and weather.Coccidiosis is responsible for the major economic losses in poultry farms. Diseases have different clinical signs and result in variable impacts on animals. Control programs include mainly vaccination, anti-coccidia and anthelminthic drugs, as well as, house cleaning and disinfection. This review concluded that coccidia and helminths are a global threat to free-range poultry production. More research in this area is necessary in order to understand the major factors influencing the prevalence of parasitic diseases in this type of poultry production. Also the search for new control strategies must be a priority, mainly using natural antiparasitic compounds and biological control approaches.
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Kennedy Souza Araújo, Renato, Adriano Rios da Silva, Nara Rúbia Souza, and Krain Santos de Melo. "Parasitological analysis of vegetables sold in supermarkets and free markets in the city of Taguatinga, Federal District, Brazil." Revista de Patologia Tropical / Journal of Tropical Pathology 51, no. 3 (October 19, 2022): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v51i3.73139.
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Parasitosis are the most common diseases in the world, they are responsible for relevant negative consequences in the individuals´ health. The consumption of vegetables in Brazil and in the world is common due to their high nutritional value and they are recommended to be included in the population´s diet. Contaminations in vegetables are most often caused by irrigation water which is contaminated by feces, other forms of contamination are through organic manure containing fecal waste and the contact of vegetables with animals where they are grown. This research evaluated the contamination in vegetables with the purpose of warning the community about hygiene and the correct approach of food handling in order to prevent parasitic infections, contributing to people´s health. Samples were collected from supermarkets and farmers´ markets, where we obtained a total of 30 samples that were analyzed using Hoffman, centrifugation and slide reading´s techniques. In all samples, parasites were found. In six samples non-pathogenic amoebas were found, however this finding means that there was contamination from human or animal feces. And, in the other 24 samples, parasitic structures that cause damage to health were found. This work showed a high level of contamination of the vegetables that are consumed daily by the population and the diseases caused by food which are a concern for the public health. Contaminated vegetables are dangerous considering the transport of parasites that may generate human infections, therefore the importance to create public policies in order to avoid parasitic infections. KEY WORDS: Parasitic infections; food contamination; parasitology; food parasitology;neglected diseases.
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Jacob, Siju Susan, P. P. Sengupta, J. K. Chamuah, O. K. Raina, M. Sankar, T. G. Sumithra, and A. Prajapati. "Exploitation of Adaptations of Animal Parasites - A Key towards Designing Effective Control Strategies against Parasitic Diseases of Animals." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 05 (May 10, 2018): 3355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.392.
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Maruszewska-Cheruiyot, Marta, Katarzyna Donskow-Łysoniewska, and Maria Doligalska. "Helminth therapy – local and systemic activity, on example of inflammatory bowel diseases and multiple sclerosis." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 73 (December 2, 2019): 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6092.
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Autoimmunological diseases are an increasing problem nowadays in societies. Due to complex etiology, effective therapy against immune disorders is still needed. A promising alternative for the current methods of treatment can be helminthic therapy. Series of tests on animal models as well as clinical studies indicates that parasitic infection can inhibit inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases and multiple sclerosis. Effectiveness of therapy with helminths, mainly gut nematodes depends on the activity of many compounds released during infection. Despite hopeful results, mechanisms activated by nematodes aren’t explained yet, besides, therapeutically use of live parasites is controversial. Most of studies are focused on searching parasitic factors. The use of this compound in autoimmunological diseases could be an alternative for current medicaments. The aim of current study is summarizing and discussing helminth therapy of autoimmunological disorder on multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel diseases examples as well as using parasitic compounds as a potential pharmaceutical component.
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Pax, R. A., T. A. Day, C. L. Miller, and J. L. Bennett. "Neuromuscular physiology and pharmacology of parasitic flatworms." Parasitology 113, S1 (January 1996): S83—S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200007791x.
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SUMMARYThe trematode and cestode flatworms include numerous parasitic forms of major medical and economic importance. A better knowledge of the neuromuscular physiology of these animals could lead to development of new control measures against these parasites. Since these animals are near the stem from which all other animals have evolved, better knowledge of these animals could also yield valuable information about the early evolution of nerve and muscle systems in the animal kingdom. This review focuses on what is known about the characteristics of the somatic muscle in these animals. The anatomy of the muscles is described along with a review of current information about their electrophysiology, including descriptions of the ion channels present. Also included is a summary of recently acquired data concerning the nature of serotonin, peptide, acetylcholine and glutamate receptors on the membranes of the muscles.
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NYIFI, Ambi Silas, and Garleya BILBONGA. "Effect of Tick-Borne Haemoparasitic Diseases on Haematological Parameters of Small Ruminants Managed Under Semi-intensive System in Wukari Town Taraba State Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, no. XI (2023): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.1011038.
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of tick-borne haemo-parasitic diseases on haematological parameters of small ruminants managed under semi-intensive system in Wukari town Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 100 blood samples were collected from sheep (n = 50) and goats (n = 50) from February to March, 2023. Giemsa stained blood smears were prepared and examined under light microscope, to screen for haemo-parasites. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined by microhaematocrit centrifugation technique while haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was determined by Sahli’s method. The total white blood cell (WBC) was estimated with Neubauer haemocytometer. The results showed 13% overall prevalence of tick-borne haemo-parasitic diseases. Prevalence based on specie of animal was higher in goats (16%) than in sheep (10%). Prevalence was observed higher in adults than the young, and there was significant difference between age and prevalence of the haemo-parasites. Sex-wise, prevalence of haemo parasites in both goats and sheep was significantly higher in females than males. Anaplasma infection was more prevalent than Babesia infection in both species of the animals examined. The mean values of PCV, Hb concentration of infected sheep were significantly (P<0.05) lower than the uninfected sheep. Similarly, the mean values of PCV and Hb concentration were significantly (p<0.05) lower in infected goats. This study has confirmed that tick-borne haemo-parasitic diseases cause anaemia in infected goats and sheep kept in the study area. We recommend tick control using suitable acaricides, periodic screening and treatment of small ruminants in the study area.
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Rosa, Rafael Borges, Mylla Spirandelli da Costa, Samuel Cota Teixeira, Emilene Ferreira de Castro, Willyenne Marília Dantas, Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro, and Murilo Vieira da Silva. "Calomys callosus: An Experimental Animal Model Applied to Parasitic Diseases Investigations of Public Health Concern." Pathogens 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030369.
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The appearance and spread of parasitic diseases around the world aroused the interest of the scientific community to discover new animal models for improving the quality and specificity of surveys. Calomys callosus is a rodent native to South America, an easy handling model, with satisfactory longevity and reproducibility. C. callosus is susceptible to toxoplasmosis and can be used as experimental model for the study the pathogenesis, treatment, vertical transmission, and ocular toxoplasmosis. C. callosus can also be used to study cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, as the animals present cutaneous lesions, as well as parasites in the organs. C. callosus has epidemiological importance in Chagas disease, and since it is a Trypanosoma cruzi natural host in which rodents show high parasitemia and lethality, they are also effective as a model of congenital transmission. In the study of schistosomiasis, Schistosoma mansoni was proven to be a C. callosus natural host; thus, this rodent is a great model for fibrosis, hepatic granulomatous reaction, and celloma associated with lymphomyeloid tissue (CALT) during S. mansoni infection. In this review, we summarize the leading studies of parasitic diseases that used C. callosus as a rodent experimental model, describing the main uses and characteristics that led them to be considered an effective model.
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Bada, A. A., S. O. Adewole, L. K. Olofintoye, and T. C. Omotoriogun. "Gastrointestinal parasitic infections of ruminants in extensive management system in Southwest, Nigeria." Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.262.
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Parasitic diseases are major impediments and causes of mortality and morbidity in animals leading to drastic decrease in economic returns in livestock production. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among free–ranging ruminant species; with the objectives to determine difference in parasitic infection among ruminant species, and difference in parasitic infection between the sexes and age of the ruminant species. Random sampling method was used to collect small quantity of feaces from individual ruminants (n=54). Direct smear method was used to identify the eggs of the helminths in ruminant species. Chi-square test was used to test the hypotheses of the study. Higher prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite was found in Capra hircus relative to Ovis aries and Bos taurus. Both nematodes (Trichostrongylu ssp, Haemonchus contortus, Strongloides papillous, Sygamus larygenes and Ascaris sp; and trematodes (Fasciola gigantica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were found in the ruminant in this study. Trichostrongylu ssp and Fasciola gigantica showed higher prevalence than other gastrointestinal parasites. Young and female had higher infection of helminths than adult and male of the studied ruminant species. Preventing economic loss due to helminthic parasitic infections rely on available data, which in turn is paramount to guide effective coordination of animal health care system.
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Jones, Kegan, and Gary Garcia. "Endoparasites of Domesticated Animals That Originated in the Neo-Tropics (New World Tropics)." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010024.
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This review serves to summarize parasites found in Domesticated animals which were found in the Neo-Tropics. Indigenous domesticated Neo-tropical animals include South American camelids, (Lama gunacoa, Lama glama, Lama pacos, Vicuna vicuna), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera), turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and ducks (Cairina moschata, Anas platyrhynchos, Dendrocyga autumnalis). These animals were chosen due to their origin of existence (Neo-tropics) and over time these animals became domesticated and were distributed throughout the world. Over eighty (80) references were collected for this review and the papers spanned over eighty (80) years from 1934 to 2018. The gastrointestinal parasites reported for each animal were tabulated and their effects in the animal noted. Parasites reported in domesticated Neo-tropical animals had little to no effect on wild and free ranging animals with a few cases of illness and decreased productivity. The majority of articles viewed these animals as reservoir host which can infect humans and other domesticated livestock. It must also be noted that research done in the past did not focus on the effect these parasites had on these animals but only observed their potential as reservoirs for parasitic diseases.
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Cai, Weimin, Yu Zhu, Feiyan Wang, Qianqian Feng, Zhizhi Zhang, Nianyu Xue, Xun Xu, et al. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Zoo Animals and Phylogenetic Characterization of Toxascaris leonina (Linstow, 1902) and Baylisascaris transfuga (Rudolphi, 1819) in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China." Animals 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2024): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14030375.
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The burden of gastrointestinal parasites in zoo animals has serious implications for their welfare and the health of veterinarians and visitors. Zhuyuwan Zoo is located in the eastern suburb of Yangzhou city in eastern China, in which over 40 species of zoo animals are kept. In order to understand the infection status of GI parasites in Zhuyuwan Zoo, a total of 104 fresh fecal samples collected randomly from birds (n = 19), primates (n = 19), and non-primate mammals (n = 66) were analyzed using the saturated saline flotation technique and nylon sifter elutriation and sieving method for eggs/oocysts, respectively. Two Ascaris species were molecularly characterized. The results showed that the overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 42.3% (44/104). The parasitic infection rate in birds, primates, and non-primate mammals were 26.3% (5/19), 31.6% (6/19), and 50.0% (33/66), respectively. A total of 11 species of parasites were identified, namely, Trichostrongylidae, Capillaria sp., Trichuris spp., Strongyloides spp., Amidostomum sp., Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris transfuga, Parascaris equorum, Paramphistomum spp., Fasciola spp., and Eimeria spp. Paramphistomum spp. eggs were first detected from the captive Père David’s deer, and Fasciola spp. eggs were first reported from sika deer in zoo in China. A sequence analysis of ITS-2 and cox1 showed that the eggs isolated from the African lion (Panthera leo Linnaeus, 1758) were T. leonina, and the eggs from the brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758) were B. transfuga. The public health threat posed by these potential zoonotic parasitic agents requires attention. These results lay a theoretical foundation for prevention and control of wild animal parasitic diseases at zoos in China.
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Jeyabal, L. "Hemogram interpretation and diagnosis of blood parasites of Canines." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.2/864-869.
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The organisms that live in the blood of their animal hosts are called as blood parasites and these parasites can range from single-celled protozoa to more complex bacteria and rickettsiae. The transmission varies, depending on the parasite, but often they are transmitted through the bites of ticks or flies. Various blood parasites such as Ehrlichia canis, Babesia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Trypanosoma evansi can cause serious thread in canines. The routine diagnosis in detection of various developmental stages of intracellular parasites with Romnowsky’s staining method would be a tough task of an expert parasitologist. Further, each blood parasite is associated with specific hematological variations and identification of these hematological alterations during routine laboratory screening of blood samples from dogs displaying clinical signs would be essential for diagnosing blood parasitic infections. This manuscript briefly defined various clinical cases of parasitic infections of canines with the aid of haemogram for the accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of canine blood parasitic diseases.
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Paliy, А. P., N. V. Sumakova, O. V. Pavlichenko, and A. P. Palii. "Epizootological and epidemiological significance of parasitic dipterians (literature review)." Veterinary Medicine: inter-departmental subject scientific collection, no. 106 (November 30, 2020): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/vm-2020-106-17.
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The development of animal husbandry, the increase in milk and meat production largely depend on the timely and high-quality implementation of integrated veterinary and sanitary measures. One of the reserves to increase the profitability of animal husbandry is the prevention of diseases of invasive etiology, including entomoses, and the protection of animals from blood-sucking dipterians. Entomoses of farm animals are widespread in Ukraine and cause significant economic damage to livestock farming. It has been established that in sick animals milk, meat and wool productivity, breeding qualities are reduced, weakened young animals are born, which are susceptible to various diseases of infectious and not infectious etiology. The environment affects the characteristics of morphology, physiology, ecology, the behavior of blood-sucking insects. Mass outbreaks of their reproduction cause significant losses to the national economy, contribute to the spread of vector-borne diseases. The study of the role of insects in the transmission of pathogens of vector-borne infections is an important area of modern research. The toxic effect of saliva is one of the aspects of the harmful effects of blood-sucking dipterians on humans and animals. With a high number of attacks by bloodsuckers, intoxication can be of serious importance and manifest itself both in external signs in the form of inflammatory processes on the skin, and in a change in physiological parameters (body temperature, blood balance). In livestock and anthropogenic biocenoses, there is a need for a number of veterinary and sanitary measures to protect animals from the negative effects of parasitic dipterians. The prospect of further research is to improve the existing schemes of veterinary and sanitary measures at livestock enterprises, taking into account modern domestic developments
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Madsen, Henry, and Jay Richard Stauffer. "Aquaculture of Animal Species: Their Eukaryotic Parasites and the Control of Parasitic Infections." Biology 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13010041.
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Parasites are very diverse and common in both natural populations and in stocks kept in aquacultural facilities. For most cultured species, there are important bacteria and viruses causing diseases, but eukaryotic parasites are also very important. We review the various combinations of aquacultured species and eukaryotic parasitic groups and discuss other problems associated with aquaculture such as eutrophication, zoonotic species, and invasive species, and we conclude that further development of aquaculture in a sustainable manner must include a holistic approach (One Health) where many factors (e.g., human health, food safety, animal health and welfare, environmental and biodiversity protection and marketability mechanisms, etc.) are considered.
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Ceylan, Onur, Xuenan Xuan, and Ferda Sevinc. "Primary Tick-Borne Protozoan and Rickettsial Infections of Animals in Turkey." Pathogens 10, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020231.
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Parasitic diseases caused by ticks constitute a barrier on global animal production, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. As a country with a temperate and subtropical climate, Turkey has topography, climate, and pasture resources, and these resources are suitable for animal breeding and parasite–host–vector relationships throughout the country. This geography restricts the regulations on animal movements in the southeastern and eastern Anatolia because of the close contact with the neighboring states. The livestock resources in Turkey are regulated by strong foundations. Almost 30% of the agriculture-based gross domestic product is provided by the livestock industry. Parasitic diseases arising from ticks are endemic in Turkey, and they have a significant impact on the economy and animal health, particularly for ruminants. The main and economically-important tick-borne diseases (TBDs) suffered by animals include theileriosis, babesiosis, hepatozoonosis, and cytauxzoonosis caused by protozoa, and anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis caused by rickettsiae. The most common hemoprotozoan and rickettsial agents are Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Babesia bigemina, Babesia caballi, Babesia ovis, Cytauxzoon felis, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Theileria annulata and Theileria equi. These diseases are basically controlled through treatment and measures for tick control. Vaccination can be performed for only tropical theileriosis caused in Turkey. We reviewed the studies published in domestic and international journals to gather epidemiological data regarding the major TBDs suffered by animals in Turkey.
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Castañeda-Ramírez, Gloria Sarahi, Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta, José Ernesto Sánchez, Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives, Manases González-Cortázar, Alejandro Zamilpa, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani, Carlos Sandoval-Castro, Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares, and Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino. "The Possible Biotechnological Use of Edible Mushroom Bioproducts for Controlling Plant and Animal Parasitic Nematodes." BioMed Research International 2020 (June 24, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6078917.
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The present paper reviewed publications on the nematocidal activity of edible mushrooms (EM) and their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of parasitic nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. Nematodes are organisms living in the soil and animals’ guts where they may live as parasites severely affecting economically important crops and farm animals, thus causing economic losses to worldwide agriculture. Traditionally, parasitic nematodes have been controlled using commercial pesticides and anthelmintic (AH) drugs. Over the years, nematodes developed resistance to the AH drugs, reducing the usefulness of many commercial drugs. Also, the use of pesticides/anthelmintic drugs to control nematodes can have important negative impacts on the environment. Different EM have been not only used as food but also studied as alternative methods for controlling several diseases including parasitic nematodes. The present paper reviewed publications from the last decades about the nematocidal activity of EM and assessed their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. A reduced number of reports on the effect of EM against nematodes were found, and an even smaller number of reports regarding the potential AH activity of chemical compounds isolated from EM products were found. However, those studies have produced promising results that certainly deserve further investigation. It is concluded that EM, their fractions and extracts, and some compounds contained in them may have biotechnological application for the control of animal and plant parasitic nematodes.
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SCHAUMBURG, F., D. HIPPE, P. VUTOVA, and C. G. K. LÜDER. "Pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites." Parasitology 132, S1 (March 2006): S69—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006000874.
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During infection, programmed cell death, i.e. apoptosis, is an important effector mechanism of innate and adaptive host responses to parasites. In addition, it fulfils essential functions in regulating host immunity and tissue homeostasis. Not surprisingly, however, adaptation of parasitic protozoa to their hosts also involves modulation or even exploitation of cell death in order to facilitate parasite survival in a hostile environment. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of apoptosis during parasitic infections and there is now convincing evidence that apoptosis and its modulation by protozoan parasites has a major impact on the parasite-host interaction and on the pathogenesis of disease. This review updates our current knowledge on the diverse functions apoptosis may fulfil during infections with diverse protozoan parasites including apicomplexans, kinetoplastids and amoebae. Furthermore, we also summarize common mechanistic themes of the pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites. The diverse and complex effects which parasitic protozoa exert on apoptotic cell death within the host highlight fascinating interactions of parasites and their hosts. Importantly, they also stress the importance of further investigations before the modulation of host cell apoptosis can be exploited to combat parasitic infections.
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HUNT, VICKY L., ISHENG J. TSAI, MURRAY E. SELKIRK, and MARK VINEY. "The genome ofStrongyloidesspp. gives insights into protein families with a putative role in nematode parasitism." Parasitology 144, no. 3 (September 13, 2016): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001554.
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SUMMARYParasitic nematodes are important and abundant parasites adapted to live a parasitic lifestyle, with these adaptations all aimed at facilitating their survival and reproduction in their hosts. The recently sequenced genomes of fourStrongyloidesspecies, gastrointestinal parasites of humans and other animals, alongside transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of free-living and parasitic stages of their life cycles have revealed a number of protein families with a putative role in their parasitism. Many of these protein families have also been associated with parasitism in other parasitic nematode species, suggesting that these proteins may play a fundamental role in nematode parasitism more generally. Here, we review key protein families that have a putative role inStrongyloides’ parasitism – acetylcholinesterases, astacins, aspartic proteases, prolyl oligopeptidases, proteinase inhibitors (trypsin inhibitors and cystatins), SCP/TAPS and transthyretin-like proteins – and the evidence for their key, yet diverse, roles in the parasitic lifestyle.
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Nesheim, M. C. "Human nutrition needs and parasitic infections." Parasitology 107, S1 (January 1993): S7—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075478.
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The series of articles that follow in this volume deals with specific aspects of how parasites might influence nutrient utilization by their human hosts. To put these aspects of parasitic disease in context, this contribution is intended to provide an overview of human nutritional needs and to introduce concepts of how nutritional consequences of parasitic infection might be viewed. Although parasitic diseases are often considered to be those caused by protozoa and helminths, the principles considered here can be applied to any infectious agent, including bacteria and viruses.
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Yadav, U., F. T. Zuhra, M. A. Rahman, and M. S. Ahmed. "EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF CLINICAL DISEASES AND CONDITIONS OF PET ANIMALS AT CHITTAGONG CITY AREA, BANGLADESH." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 15, no. 1 (September 20, 2017): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v15i1.34058.
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This study was conducted to estimate the proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditions in pet animals (dog, cat, and rabbit) attended at S. A. Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 388 cases of different clinical diseases and conditions were recorded during the study period from October 2016 toJanuary 2017. Among them the overall proportional prevalence of clinical diseases and conditions in dog, cat and rabbit were 44.32%, 34.28% and 21.39% respectively. The medicinal case comprises the highest percentage of diseases as 79.07% and 66.92% in dog and cat, respectively. Among the medicinal cases parasitic diseases were most frequently encountered both in dog (24.42%) and cat (23.31%). Whereas, prevalence of surgical cases were 16.28% in dog and 31.58% in cat and gynecological cases were 4.65% in dog and 1.50% in cat. In rabbit, prevalence of traumatic injuries and fractures were 16.87% followed by mange 12.06%. The parasitic cases were highest in all of the clinical diseases and conditions. So, proper prevention and therapeutic management should be taken to reduce the prevalence of parasitic diseases of pet animals. Immunoprophylaxis or vaccination and hygienic management should be performed to curb the infectious diseases. Further extensive epidemiologic, laboratory or molecular studies are also needed for the appropriate prevention and control measures of diseases and conditions of pet animals in study area.
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Engasheva, E. S. "Methodological recommendations on the application of Iverlong long acting preparation in the presence of parasitic diseases of livestock animals." Russian Journal of Parasitology 12, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-2-104-107.
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Methodological recommendations on the application of Iverlong long acting preparation in the presence of parasitic diseases of livestock animals are given, including general data, pharmacological properties, application procedure and personal preventive measures. Iverlong is prescribed to cattle and sheep for the treatment and prophylaxis of nematodosis (dictyocaulosis, strongylatosis, strongyloidosis, neoascaridosis, bunostomosis, thelaziosis), gasterophilidae invasions (hypodermatosis, oestrosis), psoroptic scab, sarcoptic scab, sifunculatosis. Iverlong is administered to the animals as a single dose intramuscularly or subcutaneously to cattle on brachium, it is administered to sheep in the internal surface of thigh in a dose of 1 ml per 50 kg of body weight. Iverlong provides protection of animal from parasitic diseases up to 75-90 days.
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Corda, Andrea, Francesca Corda, Valentina Secchi, Plamena Pentcheva, Claudia Tamponi, Laura Tilocca, Antonio Varcasia, and Antonio Scala. "Ultrasonography of Parasitic Diseases in Domestic Animals: A Systematic Review." Animals 12, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12101252.
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The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the application of ultrasonography in diagnosis, staging and monitoring of helminthic diseases in domestic animals. Only peer reviewed papers written in English language were included in this systematic review. All papers concerning unicellular parasites, wild animals, non-domestic experimental animals, or ex vivo or in vitro applications of ultrasonography were excluded from the review. A total of 122 papers met the inclusion criteria. Among them 47% concerned nematodes, 37% cestodes, and 16% trematodes with the genus Dirofilaria, Echinococcus, and Fasciola the most represented, respectively. Helminths can be recognized in ultrasound images by their morphology, size, and location. In some cases, the parasite stages are not directly seen by ultrasound, but the lesions caused by them can be easily visualized. Ultrasound imaging is taking on an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, staging, monitoring, and control of parasitic diseases in veterinary medicine. However, it cannot replace the clinical approach and the diagnostic tests commonly used in veterinary parasitology.
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Horb, K. O. "Biochemical parameters of blood serum of dogs for ctenocephalidosis." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 97 (May 7, 2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9701.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most common ectoparasitic diseases of domestic carnivorous animals is ctenocephalidosis caused by fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides. The peculiarity of this invasion is a chronic course associated with the constant attack of parasitic insects on the animal, accompanied by severe itching, the occurrence of alopecia, the development of eczema, dermatitis and the subsequent introduction of pathogenic microflora into the damaged tissue. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides on the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of invaded dogs. Three groups of animals were formed: a control (clinically healthy dog) and two experimental animals (infected by the parasitic insect Ctenocephalides spp.) with different intrusion rates. In blood serum determined: the content of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, glucose, cholesterol, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, alanine aminotransferase activity, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphate. Conducted studies found that rates the intensity of infestation significantly influence the changes that occur in blood serum infested dogs. The intensity of ctenocephalidosic infestation of up to 15 specimens of fleas in the animal in their blood serum showed a significant decrease in albumin content (by 22.37 %) compared to that in clinically healthy dogs. The intensities of xenophalphalous infestation of 16–47 specimens of fleas per animal in the serum of the infected animals showed a significant decrease in albumin (by 29.28 %), glucose (by 25.29 %), and cholesterol (by 35.59 %) relative to similar indicators clinically healthy animals. At the same time in the serum of the infested dogs the content of total bilirubin (by 15.73 %), as well as the activity of alanine aminotransferase (1.4 times), aspartate aminotransferase (1.4 times) and alkaline phosphatase (2 times). The results of the experimental data extend the already existing data on the pathogenesis of fleas parasites in dogs, and will also allow the effective treatment of diseased animals.
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Prokop, Pavol, and Jana Fančovičová. "The Effect of Owning Animals on Perceived Vulnerability to, and Avoidance of, Parasitic Diseases in Humans." Journal of Individual Differences 32, no. 3 (January 2011): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000045.
Full textAbstract:
The evolutionary history of humans has always been influenced by pathogens because of their ability to cause both morbidity and mortality. Natural selection should favor behavioral strategies that minimize disease transmission and consequently increase human survival. Collectively such strategies are referred to as the behavioral immune system, which is thought to be more often activated in individuals with an impaired immune system who are most vulnerable to pathogens and infectious diseases. We investigated the associations between an individual’s perceived vulnerability to disease, whether they own any animals, and whether they carry out behavioral tactics to avoid parasite transmission. A sample of 285 Slovakian students participated in a questionnaire study. As predicted, antipathogen behavior was activated in individuals with a high perceived vulnerability to disease. Females showed higher antiparasitic scores than males especially when behaviors were most likely to transmit disease. Individuals who owned animals perceived themselves as less vulnerable to disease as well as less vulnerable to the perceptions of those who did not own any animals. Moreover, among animal owners scores for parasite-avoiding behaviors relevant to being in close contact with an animal (such as removing animal feces and worming animals) were higher than for parasite-transmitting behaviors relevant to being in close contact with an animal (such as allowing animals to lick). We discuss the results, further taking into account both the model of natural selection and the coevolutionary arms race model.
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Omeragić, Jasmin, Naida Kapo, Vedad Škapur, Adis Softić, Šejla Goletić, Ermin Šaljić, and Teufik Goletić. "Parasites in Wildlife in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Macedonian Veterinary Review 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2024-0017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Parasitic diseases of wild animals represent an important area of research. In addition to the significant impact on wildlife health and fitness, many parasitic diseases have zoonotic implications. Due to limited scientific information, this research aimed to investigate parasitic diseases in wildlife in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), focusing on the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H), emphasizing zoonotic species. In the period from April 2020 to November 2022, we conducted research on 9 wildlife species. We analyzed fecal samples to detect and identify diagnostic stages (eggs, larvae, cysts, and oocysts) of various animal endoparasites using coprological methods, such as sedimentation, flotation, and the Baermann technique. The MERIFLUOR® Cryptosporidium/Giardia test was also used for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. In the case of red foxes, intestinal samples were examined using the intestinal scraping technique to detect adult helminths. All collected muscle samples were subjected to the artificial digestion method for Trichinella detection. From 1,278 samples, 70.9% were positive. Parasitic infections were confirmed in 15.9% (11/69) of bears; 83.7% (262/313) of red foxes; 67.6% (44/65) of wolves; 25% (1/4) of wildcats; 20% (1/5) of badger; 43.7% (7/16) of martens; 39.7% (76/191) of wild boars; 84.5% (350/414) of deer, and 77.1% (155/201) of hares. The finding of zoonotic parasites (Toxocara canis, Uncinaria spp., Trichinella spp., Echinococcus spp. etc.) is particularly important due to their potential detrimental effects on human health, which highlights the need for further investigations.
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Rashid, Muhammad, Muhammad Imran Rashid, Haroon Akbar, Liaquat Ahmad, Muhammad Adeel Hassan, Kamran Ashraf, Khalid Saeed, and Mohamed Gharbi. "A systematic review on modelling approaches for economic losses studies caused by parasites and their associated diseases in cattle." Parasitology 146, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001282.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractParasites reside inside or outside their hosts and get host nutrition and blood. Here, we have emphasized economic losses in cattle caused by parasitic diseases due to ecto- and endo- parasites (flies, ticks, mites and helminths). We have outlined different methods/models including economic evaluation techniques and dynamic analysis as a major class, used for the calculation of economic losses caused by parasites in cattle. According to already conducted studies, a decrease in production is mentioned in quantity and percentage while financial losses are expressed in the form of account with respect to per head, herd or for the specific study area. The parasites cause the reduced production and financial losses due to control, treatment and mortality costs. We calculated the average decrease in milk production and organ condemnation as 1.16 L animal−1 day−1 and 12.95%, respectively, from overall cattle parasitic infections. Moreover, the average calculated financial and percentage losses were US$ 50.67 animal−1 year−1 and 17.94%, respectively. Economically important parasitic diseases mentioned here are caused by specific spp. of protozoans and helminths according to data collected from the literature. Protozoan diseases include tick-borne diseases, coccidiosis, neosporosis, trypanosomiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Losses due to tick-borne infections were encountered for decreased milk production, mortality, treatment and control. Losses from coccidiosis were due to decreased weight gain, treatment costs and mortality. While abortion losses were encountered in neosporosis. Trypanosomiasis caused losses due to a decrease in milk yield. Moreover, only diagnostic (conventional or molecular techniques) cost was taken into account for cryptosporidiosis. Economically important nematode parasites are Oesophagostomum spp., Cooperia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides spp., Ostertagia spp. and Haemonchus placei. Due to the zoonotic importance of echinococcosis, Echinococcus granulosus is the most economically important cestode parasite. Losses caused by echinococcosis were due to organ condemnation, carcass weight loss and decreases hide value, milk production and fecundity. While, fascioliasis is one of the most economically important trematodal disease, which causes cirrhosis of the liver due to parasite migration, and thus, the organ becomes inedible. So, it would be helpful for farmers and researchers to approach these methods/models for calculation of parasitic losses and should adopt suitable measures to avoid long-term economic losses.